Body System Checklist

Circulatory System

• Major functions of circulatory system

-delivers oxygen and nutrients to cells and takes away wastes/ Main functions: Transport, oxygen and
hormones to the cells thought out the body and removal of metabolic wastes

• Diagram that includes the major parts - heart, artery, vein, capillary - and list the function(s) of

each.

Heart- pumps blood through the vessels of the cardiovascular system

Artery- carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues, except pulmonary arteries, they
carry blood to the lunch for oxygenation

Vein- carry deoxygenated blood to the heart but the pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood as well

Capillary- They bring nutrients and oxygen to tissues and remove waste products

• Describe each of the components of blood- red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, &
plasma

Red blood cells- carry oxygen

White blood cells- also called leukocyte, this lacks hemoglobin, has nucleus, is capable of motility and
defends the body infection and disease by ingesting foreign material and cellular debris

Platelets- assists in blood clotting

Plasma- hot ionized gas consisting of equal numbers of positively charged ions and negatively charged
electrons

• Describe the path blood travels through your body

Blood enters the heart through two large veins, the inferior and superior vena cava, emptying oxygen-
poor blood from the body into the right atrium

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.

They work with the muscle system, muscles need oxygen to create movement and they also work with
the digestive system dealing with oxygen in the digestive tract

• Describe two diseases associated with your body system

Coronary artery disease and arteriosclerosis

Digestive System

• Major functions of digestive system

The main functions are digestion and absorption

• Diagram that includes the major parts - mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, liver,
pancreas, and large intestine - and list the function(s) of each.
Mouth- is the beginning of the digestive tract (digestion starts here)

Esophagus- Long, thin muscular tube that connects the pharynx(throat) to the stomach

Stomach- secretes acid and enzymes that digest food

Small intestine- part of intestine where 90% of the digestion and absorption of food occurs, the other
10% taking place in the stomach and large intestine

Liver- makes proteins and blood clotting factors, manufacturing triglycerides and cholesterol, glycogen
synthesis and bile production

Pancreas- converting the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells

Large intestine- absorbs water from the remaining indigestible food matter and trasmitts the useless
waste material from the body

• Describe the path food travels throughout the digestive system.

It starts with the mouth, then goes through your throat (pharynx is the portion of the digestive tract).
After the pharynx is goes to the esophagus which carries food to the stomach and the trachea or
windpipe, which carries airs to the lungs and ect

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use 2 examples.

It works with the circulatory system to get the absorbed nutrients and it works with the endocrine
system to control the speed of digestion

Endocrine System
• Major functions of endocrine system

Major functions are glands that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development
and reproduction

• Describe what hormones are and what they do

Hormones help your body function properly, they are chemical signals that coordinate a range of bodily
fluids. Hormones reach these farway targets using the bloodstream

• Diagram that includes the major parts - hypothalamus, pituitary, thymus, thyroid, parathyroid,
adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes - and list the function(s) of each.
Hypothalamus- links the nervous system to the endocrine system via the pituitary gland

Pituitary-tiny organ at the brain that produces many hormones that travel throughout the body,
directing certain processes or simulating other glands to produce hormones

Thymus- produces hormones and is associated with the immune system - trains and develops t cells

Thyroid- take iodine in food and converts it into thyroid hormones

Parathyroid- (located in the neck) controls body's calcium levels

Adrenals- (located at the top of each Kidney) produces hormones that helps the body control blood
sugar, burn protein, and fat react to stressors like a major illness or injury, and regulate blood pressure.
Pancreas- converts the food we eat into fuel for the body's cells exocrine function

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. Use at least 2 examples
.The circulatory system is the transport system for endocrine information. While the nervous system uses neurons,
the endocrine chemicals and hormones must circulate through the body via blood vessels. Many glands in your
body secrete hormones into the blood

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Diabetes and Thyroid cancer

Excretory System

• Major functions of excretory system

Bodily process of discharging wastes

• Diagram that includes the major parts - lungs, kidneys, urinary bladder, ureter, urethra, liver,
and skin - and list the function(s) of each.
Lungs- Gas exchange, respiration

Kidneys- filter waste products from the blood, they pass waste as urine

Urinary bladder- removes liquid waste from the blood in the form of urine

ureter- tube that carries urine from the kidney to the urinary bladder

urethra- tube that carries urine from the bladder to outside of the body. In males, it has the additional
function of ejaculating semen when the man reaches orgasm.

Liver- filters the blood coming from the digestive tract, before passing it to the rest of the body

Skin- protection, regulation, and sensation

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

The excretory system is a close partner with both the circulatory and endocrine system. The circulatory
system connection is obvious. Blood that circulates through the body passes through one of the two
kidneys. Urea, uric acid, and water are removed from the blood and most of the water is put back into
the system.

• Find 5 fun facts about your body system.

The bladder is around the same size and weight as the brain.
In your lifetime, on average, you will produce 7,850,000,000,000 gallons of urine. That's almost 1/12 of
Lake Erie.
In each kidney you may have as many as 6.487 billion nephrons
One kidney (approximately) measures to about 4 inches.
The average person's lung measures about 12 inches.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Urinary Tract infection and Renal system disease

Muscular System

• Major functions of muscular system

Movement, stabilize our joints and maintain our posture

• Describe the function and locations of each type of muscle – skeletal muscle, smooth muscle,
and cardiac muscle

Skeletal muscle- Support and over the body located in walls of hollow visceral organs

Smooth muscle- contracts to push food through your body, it is found in the walls of hollow organs like
your intestine and stomach

Cardiac muscle- pumps blood throughout the body, it is found in the heart

• Diagram that includes the major muscles in the body - biceps, oblique abdominis, sartorius,
deltoid, orbicularis oculi, sternomastoid, gastrocnemius, pectoral, temporalis, gluteus maximus,
quadriceps, tibialis, masseter, rectus abdominis, and triceps
• Describe how muscles work in pairs to make parts of the body move using the biceps and triceps
as an example.

Biceps and triceps allow you to bend and straighten your elbow, when bending the elbow the bicep
muscle contracts and the triceps relaxes

It contracts then straightens

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

The brain controls the contraction of skeletal muscle. The nervous system regulates the speed at which
food moves through the digestive tract. The muscular system is closely connected to the nervous
system, circulatory system and digestive system.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Fibromyalgia and muscular dystrophy

Nervous System

• Description and major functions of the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system.

The central nervous system major functions: integrates sensory information and consists of spinal cord
serving signals with the body and the rest of the body

Peripheral nervous system major function: is to connect to the CNS to the limbs and organs

• Diagram that includes the major parts - brain, spinal cord, nerves, and neurons - and list the
function(s) of each.

Brain- controls our thoughts, memory and speech, movement of our arms and legs and organs

Spinal cord- connects a large part of the peripheral system to the brain and sensory neurons
Nerves- connects the brain and spinal cord with muscles and sensory receptors in the skin

Neurons- process and transmits information

• Describe the path a nerve impulse travels throughout your body from stimulus to response.

interneuron connects sensory and motor neurons and interpret the impulse; only in the brain and spinal
cord. When a stimulus is received by a sensory neuron, the impulse (message) is carried through fibrous
extensions called dendrites to the cell body.

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

our endocrine system works closely with your brain and central nervous system to control the creation
of specific hormones and enzymes. Your digestive and excretory systems work with the nervous system
in both conscious and unconscious ways.

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Parkinson's disease and central nervous system disease

Respiratory System

• Major functions of respiratory system

Inhalation and exhalation , external respiration exchanging gases and internal respiration gases
exchanging

• Diagram that includes the major parts - trachea, lungs, diaphragm, epiglottis, larynx, vocal cords
- and list the function(s) of each.

Trachea- provides air flow to and from the lungs for respiration

Lungs- process of gas exchange called respiration

Diaphragm- contracts the volume of the thoracic cavity increases and air is drawn into the lungs

Epiglottis- seal off the windpipe during eating, so that food is not accidentally inhaled

Larynx- houses the vocal folds, and manipulates pitch and volume,

Vocal Cords-protect the airway from choking on material in the throat. Produces sound for speech

• Describe the “breathing” process.

When you breathe in, or inhale, your diaphragm contracts and moves downward. This increases the
space in your chest cavity, into which your lungs expand. The intercostal muscles between your ribs also
help enlarge the chest cavity. They contract to pull your rib cage both upward and outward when you
inhale

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

The circulatory and respiratory systems work together to circulate blood and oxygen throughout the
body and the digestive system also work together they helps to produce energy

• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Lung Cancer and Pneumonia

Skeletal System

• Major functions of skeletal system

Support, movement, protection, blood cell production, calcium storage and endocrine regulation

• Diagram that includes the major parts -bones, ligaments, and tendon - and list the function(s) of
each. NOTE: Your diagram should also include the following bones in the body: cranium, clavicle,
humerus, scapula, sternum, rib, vertebra, ulna, radius, carpals, metacarpals, phalanges, pelvis (may list
parts), femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsals, and metatarsals.

Bones- support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells, store
minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility

Ligaments- soft collagenous tissues, connect bone to bone and tendons connect muscles to bone.

Tendon- highly organized connective tissue joining muscle to bone, capable of resisting high tensile
forces while transmitting forces from muscle to bone.

• Describe each of the following joints and where they are located: hinge, pivot, and ball-and-
socket. You may include other joints as well.

Hinge- common class of synovial joint that includes the ankle, elbow, and knee joints, they are formed
between two or more bones where the bones can only move along one axis to flex or extend.

Pivot- under the skull it helps the head turn to the side

Ball-and-socket- is like a hip joint, it lies in a socket

• Explain how your body system works with other systems in the body. You will need at least 2
examples.

Works with the circulatory system helps produce the cells inside the blood and they work with the
digestive system with brain controlling and food moving in the digestive tract
• Describe 2 diseases associated with your body system.

Osteoporosis and osteomalacia

1. What is homeostasis? Why is it important?

Answer: Humans' internal body temperature is a great example of homeostasis. When an individual is
healthy, his or her body temperature retains a temperature 98.6 degrees Fahrenheit. Cells
depend on the body environment to live and function. Homeostasis keeps the body
environment under control and keeps the conditions right for cells to live and function. Without
the right body conditions, certain processes (eg osmosis) and proteins (eg enzymes) will not
function properly.