Chanakya National Law University: Submitted To - Submitted by

CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY
SOCIOLOGY
FINAL DRAFT ON
SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
OF VAISHALI DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY
SUBMITTED TO - SUBMITTED BY -
DR. SANGEET KUMAR DIKSHA SINGH
(FACULTY OF SOCIOLOGY) B.A. LL.B (SEM.I)
ROLL NO. 1724
1
CHAPTERISATION
 INTRODUCTION
 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
 REVIEW OF LITERATURE
 HYPOTHESIS
 RESEARCH QUESTION
 RESEARCH METHEDOLOGY
 LIMITATIONS
 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF VAISHALI
DISTRICT
 PRESENT DAY VAISHALI
 FIELD WORK AND DATA ANALYSIS
 CONCLUSION
 SUGGESTION
2
INTRODUCTION
Vaishali is a present day district in Bihar, India. It is an ancient city where the two
very important religious sects Jainism and Buddhism have their history. Before
these sects it was the capital city of the Vajjian Confederacy of Mithila (Vrajji
mahajanapada), considered one of the first examples of a republic around the 6th
century BCE.
Vaishali today is a small village surrounded by banana and mango groves as well
as rice fields. But excavations in the area have brought to light an impressive
historical past. The epic Ramayana tells the story of the heroic King Vishal who
ruled here. Historians maintain that one of the world's first democratic republics
with an elected assembly of representatives flourished here in the 6th century B.C.
in the time of the Vajjis and the Lichchavis. And while Pataliputra, capital of the
Mauryas and the Guptas, held political sway over the Gangetic plain, Vaishali was
the center for trade and industry.
Vaishali became a district when it was split from Muzaffarpur in 1972. Main
festival is Chhath Puja, normally celebrated in the month of October or November.
In 1997 Vaishali district became home to the Barela Salim Ali Zubba Saheni
Wildlife Sanctuary, which has an area of 2 km2 (0.8 sq mi).1
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES
1. To study about the history of Vaishali

2. To know about the reasons for Vaishali’s importance in the past
1
New world encyclopedia http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Vaishali_(ancient_city)
3
3. To know the reasons for the decline of Vaishali
4. The background of modern Vaishali
5. The situation of Vaishali in today’s time
REVIEW OF LITERATURE
a) Primary Sources: Field work.
b) Secondary Sources: Books, newspapers, journals, magazines and web-sites.
1. Tools of data collection - To collect data, books, statical data, questionnaire as

well as observation, interview, household survey will be used.
2. Pilot survey-A pilot survey is a strategy used to test the questionnaire using a
smaller sample compared to the planned sample size. Conducting a pilot survey
prior to the actual, large-scale survey presents many benefits and advantages for
the researcher.
A pilot survey tests the correctness of the instructions to be measured by whether

all the respondents in the pilot sample are able to follow the directions as indicated.
It also provides better information on whether the type of survey is effective in
fulfilling the purpose of the study.
HYPOTHESIS
1. The researcher has presumed that most of the problems are due to political
instability and caste prevalence in politics.
RESEARCH QUESTIONS
4
The study will seek for the answers of following research questions:
1. What is the history of Vaishali?

2. What is the present socio-economic scenario in Vaishali?
3. What is the reason of caste being a dominating force in politics?
4. What is the demography of Vaishali?
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
For the purpose of research the researcher will be relaying on various doctrinal
and non-doctrinal methods to look for the information related to the
development of the place socio-economically. Data for the study have been
collected from the Statistical Abstract of India, NCRB and other related
documents published by Census of India. Data is gathered on a small part of the
whole parent population or sampling frame.
The researcher has adopted both Doctrinal and Non- Doctrinal method of
research to complete the project. Doctrinal Research includes the library study,
whereas the Non- Doctrinal Research includes the field study.
SOURCES OF DATA:
The researcher has relied on both primary and secondary sources of data to
complete the project. Apart from that the researcher has also done field-work,
the details of which has been mentioned earlier.
Primary Sources –Books on Ancient India, CBSE History- Class 6th, 12th
Secondary Sources- Books, Journals, Articles, and Magazines concerned with

the issues of Vaishali.
5
METHOD OF DATA COLLECTION:
For the purpose of data collection researcher has used Observation,

Questionnaire and Interview.
TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION:
For the purpose of research various tools such as Observation schedule,

Interviewschedule, notepad, pen, paper, camera etc. has been used by the
researcher.
LIMITATIONS
Area of limitations - Every study has own limitation due to the limited time, lack
of sufficient financial sources and limited are of survey/study of the subject matter.
6
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF VAISHALI DISTRICT
Vaishali, (in Pali Vesali) city of ancient India, north of Patna, northwestern Bihar
state, on the Gandak River. In antiquity Vaishali was the capital of the Licchavi
republic and was closely associated with the early histories of both Buddhism and
Jainism. Roads connected it with Rajagriha to the south and Kapilavastu and
Shravasti to the north. Mahavira, the founder of Jainism, was born in Vaishali and
spent much time there. The Buddha also visited the city on many occasions. Its
several important monasteries and shrines were described by the Chinese pilgrim
Fa Xian in the 5th century BCE. After the death of the Buddha (c. 483 BCE), the
second great council of Buddhists was held at Vaishali to provide rules of
conduct.2
According to tradition, the city in early times was surrounded by three walls with
gates and watchtowers. The site today is marked by two groups of mounds and has
been partly excavated by archaeologists. The earliest occupation of the site is
associated with black-and-red pottery of probably pre-Buddhist age; it was
followed by the northern black polished ware of early Buddhist times. Vaishali is
on the site of a village now known as Besarh.
Vaishali derives its name from King Vishal. Even before the advent of Buddhism
and Jainism, Vaishali was the capital of the vibrant Vajji confederation, since
before the birth of Mahavira (c. 599 BC), which suggests that it was perhaps the
first republic in the world, similar to those later found in ancient Greece. In that
period, Vaishali was an ancient metropolis and the capital city of the republic of
the Vajji confederation of Mithila, which covered most of the Himalayan Gangetic
region of present-day Bihar. Very little is known about the early history of
2
Vaishali Official site www.vaishali.bih.nic.in
7
Vaishali. The Vishnu Purana records 34 monarchs of Vaishali, the first being
Nabhaga, who is believed to have abdicated his throne over a matter of human
rights. The last among the 34 was Sumati, who is considered a contemporary of
Dasharatha, father of the Hindu god, Rama. It was here in 599 BCE the 24th Jain
Tirthankara, Mahavira was born and brought up in Kundaligrama in Vaishali
republic, which makes it a pious and auspicious pilgrimage to Jains.
Numerous references to Vaishali are found in texts pertaining to both Jainism and
Buddhism, which have preserved much information on Vaishali and the other
mahajanapadas. Based on the information found in these texts, Vaishali was
established as a republic by the 6th century BCE, prior to the birth of Gautama
Buddha in 563 BCE, making it the world's first republic.
Gautama Buddha preached his last sermon before his death in c. 483 BCE, then in
383 BCE the Second Buddhist council was convened here by King Kalasoka,
making it an important place in both Jain and Buddhist religions. It contains one of
the best-preserved of the Pillars of Ashoka, topped by a single Asiatic lion.
At the time of the Buddha, Vaishali, which he visited on many occasions, was a
very large city, rich and prosperous, crowded with people and with abundant food.
There were 7,707 pleasure grounds and an equal number of lotus ponds. Its
courtesan, Amrapali, was famous for her beauty, and helped in large measure in
making the city prosperous. Outside the town, leading uninterruptedly up to the
Himalaya, was the Mahavana, a large, natural forest. Nearby were other forests,
such as Gosingalasala.3
3
Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Vaishali
8
Mahavira was born in Vaishali. Gautama Buddha delivered his last sermon at
Vaishali and announced his Parinirvana there. Vaishali is also renowned as the
home of Amrapali, a great courtesan who appears in many folktales as well as in
Buddhist literature. Amrapali became a disciple of Gautama Buddha.
The city finds mention in the travel accounts of Chinese explorers, Fa Xian (4th
century CE) and Xuan Zang (7th century CE), which were later used in 1861 by
British archaeologist Alexander Cunningham to first identify Vaishali with the
present village of Basrah in Vaishali District, Bihar.
Vaishali find its origin way back in history from the Mahabharata period. It is the
place where democracy found its origin around 600BC. Numerous references to
Vaishali are found in texts pertaining to both Jainism and Buddhism, which have
preserved much information on Vaishali and the other mahajanapadas. Based on
the information found in these texts, Vaishali was established as a republic by the
6th century BC, prior to the birth of Gautama Buddha in 563, making it the world's
first republic. Being the birthplace of the last Jain “Thirthankara” Lord Mahavir
gives Vaishali a very special place in history. The founder of Buddhism, Gautam
Buddha delivered his last sermon and announced his Parinirvana (attainment of
enlightment) on this holy soil. It is also renowned as the land of Ambapali
(Amrapali), the great Indian courtesan. It is held that the district derives its name
from King Vishal. However, history records that around the time Pataliputra was
the centre of political, cultural and economic activities in the Gangetic plains,
Vaishali came into existence as centre of the Ganga, it was the seat of the Republic
of Vajji. Vaishali is credited with being the World's First Republic to have a duly
elected assembly of representatives and efficient administration. Vaishali is also
renowned as the land of Ambapali (also spelled as Amrapali), the great Indian
9
courtesan, who appears in many folktales, as well as in Buddhist literature.
Ambapali became a disciple of Buddha.4
The district gained the status of independent district on 12-10-1972, prior to which
it was a part of old Muzaffarpur district. Hajipur, the district headquarters of
Vaishali was so named after a King of Bengal named Haji Ilyas Shah (1345 to
1358 A.D) who founded it. He built a fort in Hajipur, with a mosque inside it
called Jami Masjid, a building measuring 84.5 ft (25.8 m) long and 33.5 ft (10.2 m)
broad, which was called Ukkacala in ancient times.5
4
Britannica https://www.britannica.com/place/Vaishali
5
Vaishali Official site www.vaishali.bih.nic.in
10
PRESENT CONDITION OF VAISHALI
DEMOGRAPHY
According to the 2011 census Vaishali district has a population of 3,495,021,

roughly equal to the US state of Connecticut. This gives it a ranking of 86th in
India (out of a total of 640).The district has a population density of 1,717
inhabitants per square kilometre (4,450/sq mi) .Its population growth rate over the
decade 2001-2011 was 28.58%.Vaishali has a sex ratio of 892 females for every
1000 males, and a literacy rate of 66.60%. As per the Census 2001 the district
Vaishali has a population of 27, 18,421 out of which 14, 15,603(52.07%) are male
and rest are female i.e. 13, 02,818 (47.93%). The Population density of the district
is 1332. Rural Population of the district Vaishali is 25, 31,766 and Urban
Population of the district is 18, 66, 55 and it is evident from the figure presented
below that maximum segment of the population resides in rural areas of the
district. Marginalised communities constitute 31.21% of total population out of
which 20.68% are SCs, 9.53% are minorities and 0.11% is STs.6
SEX RATIO
The district has a sex ratio of 920 which is in favour of the male population. Block
wise sex ratio varies from 961 to 851. It is more alarming in case of SCs and STs.
For Mahua sex ratio for ST is 500 (i.e. much lower than Punjab’s ratio). India,
Bihar and Vaishali shows a decreasing trend in term of Sex ratio which is given in
the graph below. The only thing of relief is that after the census of 1991 to 2001 it
has shown some improvement, but still it is alarming.7
6
Census of India 2011 http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/72-vaishali.html
7
Census of India 2011 http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/72-vaishali.html
11
GEOGRAPHY
The District is spread over 2036 sq km area and has a population of and is located
at 25°41′N 85°13′E/ 25.68°N 85.22°E. The district is and is surrounded by
Muzaffarpur (North), Patna (South), Samastipur (East) and Saran (West). ). The
district has 3 subdivisions, 16 blocks, 290 Gram Panchyat & 1572 villages. 8
The Hajipur town is bounded by Narayani Gandak River in west and holy Ganga
River in south. Famous Mahatma Gandhi Setu (5575m long) over river Ganga
connects it with the state capital Patna; while another rail and road bridge over
Gandak connects it with Sonepur, headquarter of a railway subdivision under ECR.
The plain terrain of town and its nearby places is famous for banana, Litchi and
mango plantations. The region looks green with plants and trees growing in semi-
tropical monsoon climate. However, months of May-June are hot and December-
January is cold.
The language spoken by people in daily life is Hindi. Other than Hindi the most
popular language is “Bajjika”. The dialects are not in pure form rather people
prefer to use mixed dialect.
SITES
RELIC STUPA - This is one among the eight stupas built over the remains of
Buddha. According to Buddhist traditions, after he attained Mahaparinirvana
(forsaking his earthly body), the Malla kings in Kushinagara cremated his body in
a royal ceremony befitting a Universal King. The ashes were distributed to eight
different kingdoms. This was originally a small stupa, 8 meters in diameter
constructed in 5th century BC. Later during the Maurya, Sunga and Khushan
8
Districts of India https://www.districtsofindia.com/bihar/vaishali/economy/index.aspx
12
period, it was expanded to 12 meter. Excavation was carried out by Archaeological
Survey of India in 1968 found a relic casket made of stone partly filled with ashy
earth besides a conch, two glass beads, a fragmentary piece of gold leaf and an
embossed copper coin. Here the Licchavis reverentially encased one of the eight
portions of the Master's relics, which they received after Mahaparinirvana. After
his last discourse the Awakened One set out for Kushinagar, but the Licchavis kept
following him. Buddha gave them his alms bowl but they still refused to return.
The Master created an illusion of a river in spate which compelled them to go
back. This site can be identified with Deora in modern Kesariya village, where
Ashoka later built a stupa.
KUTAGARASALA VIHARA - Kutagarasala Vihara is the monastery where
Buddha most frequently stayed while visiting Vaishali. It is located 3 kilometres
from the relic Stupa, and on its ground can be found the Ananda stupa , with an
Ashokan Piller in very good condition (perhaps the only complete Asokan pillar
left standing), and an ancient pond.
CORONATION TANK - A few hundred metres from the Relic Stupa is Abhishek
Pushkarini, the coronation tank. The sacred waters of the tank anointed the elected
representatives of Vaishali.
WORLD PEACE PAGODA - Next to the coronation tank stands the Japanese
temple and the Viśvā Śānti Stūpa (World Peace Pagoda) built by Japanese
Nichiren Buddhist sect Nipponzan-Myōhōji. A small part of Buddha's relics found
in Vaishali have been enshrined in foundation and in the chhatra of the Stupa.9
RAJA VISHAL KA GARH IN VAISHALI - A huge mound with a circumference

about one Kilometer and walls nearly 2 m high with a 43m wide moat around
9
Bharat tour http://www.brandbharat.com/english/bihar/districts/vaishali/history_vaishali.html
13
them, is said to be the ancient parliament house. Over seven thousand
representatives of the federal assembly gathered here to legislate and discuss the
problems of the day.
CONNECTIVITY
Hajipur is well connected to the rest of the sate and India by rail, road and air
connections. Patna the capital city of Bihar is the nearest Airport from Vaishali.
Patna is linked by regular flights to important cities like: Delhi, Kolkata Varanasi,
Lucknow and so on. One can also reach Patna from Katmamdu. A convenient road
network covers Vaishali connecting it to a number of important cities in Bihar,
such as: Patna (55 km), Muzaffarpur (37 km), which are in turn linked to rest of
the country. Other important destinations in Bihar, namely; Bodhgaya (163kms),
Rajgir (145kms), Nalanda (140kms) lie close by. The nearest railhead is Hajipur,
which is only 2.5 kms away from Vaishali. Important trains service the railway
station of Hajipur regularly. One can approach Hajipur from major cities all over
India like: Delhi, Kolkata, Mumbai, Chennai and Varanasi.
ADMINISTRATIVE SET UP
The district comprises of three administrative Sub-divisions namely Hajipur,

Mahnar and Mahua which are again divided into 16 Blocks and 16 Anchals. It has
290 panchayats and 1572 villages. Out of the 1572 villages (please check on the
top you commented there are 1638 villages) 155 are inhabited.10
LITERACY RATE
The district has a very low literacy rate. As per Census2001, it has Literacy Rate of
50.5% with Male having 63.2% literacy while Female lagging behind with 36.5%
10
Districts of India https://www.districtsofindia.com/bihar/vaishali/economy/index.aspx
14
literacy rate. The three blocks with lowest literacy rate are Raghopur , Lalganj and
Cherakala. 11
CHILD POPULATION
In Vaishali total child population in 6-14 age group is 71,39,41 out of which
37,17,80 are boys and rest are girls .12
BANKING
There are 13 banks are operating in the district and Central bank of India is acting
as lead bank for Vaishali. 129 branches of different banks are effectively working
throughout the district.
In 2006 the Ministry of Panchayati Raj named Vaishali one of the country's 250
most backward districts (out of a total of 640). It is one of the 36 districts in Bihar
currently receiving funds from the Backward Regions Grant Fund Programme
(BRGF).
Vaishali district comprises the following Sub-Divisions:
 Hajipur
 Mahnar,and
 Mahua
Blocks:
11
Vaishali Official Site
http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/DPMCWEB/St_Doc/District%20At%20a%20Glance/District%20Profile_Vaishali_Debjani.pd
f
12
Census of India http://www.census2011.co.in/census/district/72-vaishali.html
15
 Mahnar,
 Vaishali,
 Bidupur,
 Goraul,
 Raghopur,
 Lalganj ,
 Hajipur,
 Mahua,
 Jandaha ,
 Patepur,
 Sahdeibuzurg,
 Bhagwanpur,
 Chehrakala,
 Rajapakar,
 Patedhi-Belshar,
 Desri13
SOCIO-ECONOMIC PROFILE
SOCIAL
Vaishali district has a strong hold of tradition with a high value placed on joint
family, kinship, caste and community. The villages of Vaishali have old social
hierarchies and caste equations still shape the local development. The society is
13
Vaishali Official Site
http://vaishali.bih.nic.in/DPMCWEB/St_Doc/District%20At%20a%20Glance/District%20Profile_Vaishali_Debjani.pd
f
16
feudal and caste ridden. 20.7% of the population belongs to SC and 0.1% to ST.
There are at least 13% villages where the SC population is more than 40%. Some
of the most backward communities are Mushahar, Turha, Mallah and Dome.14
ECONOMIC
The main occupation of the people in Vaishali is Agriculture, Fisheries and daily
wage labour. Almost 20% of the youth population migrates in search of jobs to the
metropolitan cities like Kolkata, Mumbai, and Pune etc. The main crops are
Wheat, Paddy, Pulses, Oilseeds, Mango. Banana and Tobacco is the major cash
crop of the community residing at the bank of holy river Ganges. Based on these
statistics one can say that Vaishali district lacks urbanization and industrialization.
As elsewhere in Bihar, Vaishali suffers from lack of infrastructure facilities, lack
of connectivity, and lack of social development and most people depend on small
size agricultural land. Agricultural productivity is further affected adversely by
recurrent floods and droughts (World Bank, 2005).15
RAINFALL AND FLOOD SITUATION
The district receives medium to heavy rainfall (average rainfall 1161 mm), and
faces condition of severe flood. In the year 2007 the flood condition was so bad
that almost 145 gram panchayats and 583 villages got marooned. Patepur and
Jandaha blocks were the worst affected blocks. According to the estimates of
National Disaster Management Department, in the year 2007, 1,64,237 people
were directly affected by the floods. Crops were damaged, and there was
irreparable damage to property and huge loss of lives. The economic loss due to
14
Poverty and social assessment of Bihar
http://brlp.in/documents/11369/125465/Poverty+and+Social+Assessment+-
+A++districtwise+study+of+Bihar.pdf/8a3c0c07-7021-45c8-8dbb-cb5d6190a9e3
15
District Health Plan http://164.100.130.11:8091/pip2012-13/districthealthactionplan/Vaishali.pdf
17
floods this year amounts to Rs. 65 crore of crop loss, Rs. 25 crore of housing loss
and Rs. 27 crore of public property loss. The district has poor drainage system and
nearly 4% of the area is water logged. The district is spread over 2,036 sq km area,
with no forest cover. 67% of the land is agricultural and nearly 67% of the area
under cultivation is irrigated. Vaishali district is also affected by droughts. Cycles
of floods and droughts severally affect the food production and food distribution
system, and lead to distressful situation for most people.16
POLITICAL SCENARIO
Hajipur is an assembly constituency in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar.

In Bihar Legislative Assembly election, 2015, Hajipur will be one of the 36 seats
to have VVPAT enabled electronic voting machines. As per Delimitation of
Parliamentary and Assembly constituencies Order, 2008, No. 123 Hajipur (Vidhan
Sabha constituency) is composed of the following: Hajipur (community
development block). Hajipur (Vidhan Sabha constituency) is part of No. 21
Hajipur (Lok Sabha constituency) (SC).
Election results
1969-1972 - Motilal Sinha Kanan of Samyukta Socialist Party/Socialist Party won

in 1972. Moti Lal Sinha Kanan of SHD defeated Rambabu Singh of INC in 1969.
1977-2010 - In the 2010, October 2005, February 2005 and 2000 state assembly
elections, Nityanand Roy of BJP won the Hajipur seat defeating his nearest rival,
Rajendra Rai representing LJP in 2010 and February 2005, and RJD in October
2005 and 2000. Contests in most years were multi cornered but only winners and
runners are being mentioned. Rajendra Rai of JD defeated Nityanand Rai of BJP in
16
Distict Health Plan http://164.100.130.11:8091/pip2012-13/districthealthactionplan/Vaishali.pdf
18
1995. Jagannath Prasad Rai of Congress defeated Jagannath Prasad Yadav,
Independent, in 1990. Motilal Sinha Kanan of LD defeated Jagannath Prasad Rai
of Congress in 1985. Jagannath Prasad Rai of Congress defeated Baskit Rai of
Congress(U) in 1980. Jagannath Prasad Yadav of JP defeated Moti Lal Sinha
Kanan of Congress in 1977.17
17
Election Commission of India Results http://eciresults.nic.in
19
FIELD WORK AND DATA ANALYSIS
I went for the non doctrinal research to Vaishali district. There I went to two
places, first to Hajipur, the headquarters of Vaishali district and second to Bidupur,
a more interior village.
Hajipur, situated on the bank of rivers Gandak and Ganga, I began with my
research work. I had already researched about the place- the population, the
language, the geography, the people and the culture through doctrinal research. I
directly began with my survey and research by the interview method. I had
prepared my questions for the interview. These questions helped me to know
about the people and the place more well. It helped me in research work.
The prepared interview questions were:
1. What is your name?

2. What is your age?
3. From how many years are you living in Vaishali?
4. What is your occupation?
5. How many people are there in your family?
6. How many of them are employed or working?
7. What is your take on the current scenario of development in the district?
8. What do you think about the caste politics system here in Vaishali?
9. What is the condition of secondary and higher education here?
10.What you see Vaishli to be in the coming 10 years?
20
First Interviewee

Birendra Narayan Singh
70
3. Where do you live in Vaishali?
I live in Hajipur.
Since childhood that is, for the last 70 years.
I am a Lawyer and the Public prosecutor in the District court of Vaishali.
There are 9 people out of which 3 are children.
Including me there are 3 people who are the bread earners of the house.
As per me, development is taking place but at a very slow pace. The city
has a huge human resource but due to the lack of jobs youths of the city
are not getting the right direction.
Yes, there is caste in the political system here and not only here but in the
politics of the whole state. And that’s not something to be appreciated.
We need to change this and then only we would be able to prosper.
10.What is the condition of secondary and higher education here?
There are not enough schools here and which are there they do not
function properly.
21
Second Interviewee

Vishal Kumar
45
I live in Hajipur.
I am native of this place.
I am a business man.
There are 4 people in my family.
Only me.
These politicians don’t work. They just promise and disappear. There is
so many problems in doing business such trade barriers and loan
problems.
Caste politics has destroyed the present of the city. We select only one
family or one caste people from the constituency and now they have
taken us for granted.
22
It’s in very bad condition. I am thinking of shifting to Patna so that my
children could get proper schooling.
If we get working politicians then I can see it prospering otherwise I have
no hope.
Third Interviewee

Usha Singh
60
I live in Hajipur.
I came here after marriage and that was 45 years back.
I am a homemaker.
My husband and my 2 sons are working people in my family.
The scenario is becoming better. It is growing. There has been proposals
about making it a planned city, if all goes well.
23
I think that the ruling party is not working properly. The politics should
be kept away from caste but what to do people here are not literate and
they assume that there caste people will favour them so they vote them
just for the satisfaction that their caste person is ruling even if he is a
criminal or not a good at working.
There are no proper schools for higher education. I used to send my
daughter everyday from car to Patna that is 20 kilometres away and
this I am talking about 1990s when maintaining a car was too
expensive but we had to do that for making our daughter educated.
If all the plans and schemes are executed properly then only I see it
growing at a good pace in the coming next 10 years otherwise not at a
good postion in the next 10 years.
Fourth Interviewee

Kumar Ashish
25
I live in Bidupur.
Since childhood.
24
I am the regional manager of AADHAR Centre and I work in the fields
too as a farmer.
There are 8 people.
Including me there are 3 people who are the bread earners of the house.
It’s not developing properly. We don’t have jobs here. I go to Hajipur for
work. And that too is not a permanent job. That is the reason why I have
to do other tit bit jobs when there is not harvesting in the field.
No, it was an old thing. Now we the youth don’t vote as per the caste. We
vote to the people who work.
I wanted to study further more but I couldn’t do so because there were no
colleges here and I couldn’t afford going out and studying as I had to
support my family financially and physically in farming.
I think it will be the same as it is today with very few developments as
there are no works done for creating jobs and that will lead to
unemployment and many more problems.
25
Fifth Interviewee

Vinod Singh
54
I live in Bidupur.
I have been born and brought up here.
I am farmer by occupation and I am the Mukhiya of the village Bidupur.
Including me there are 2 people who are employed.
The city is developing, the village is developing. I make sure that all the
problems of my village should be taken care as soon as possible. I feel
that if everyone starts taking up their own responsibility sincerely then
there would be no problem. And it should start from the lowest level. I
am doing it from my level. I am doing my village work properly, the
other people sitting at higher position should also do it and each and
every citizen of the nation should do it to make our nation prosper.
No, I don’t support this thinking of yours about our city. I have been into
this more deeply than you and I have won the elections without any caste
26
mobilization. People found our work, our way of working which we
presented through our manifesto better than the opposing parties’
manifesto and so they voted for us not on any caste basis.
We are working towards it. Though our village does not have any higher
education institution but we do have Indian Institute of Hotel
Management in Hajipur. So it’s not that we don’t have any but it’s just
that we don’t have it in large numbers.
Vaishali will again be as prosperous and important as it was in the
ancient times. The charm, the richness which we had at those times will
be back soon and within 10 years.
All these interviews really helped me to know about the place more deeply and
about the problems and reason behind the slow work of development.
27
CONCLUSION
Thus, the city which is said to be the first republic, which holds great importance to
two popular sects and which has a glorious past due to the caste politics in the
district. A place which is so lively, which has human resources in such huge
number and other factors but still is lagging behind in developmental works. The
culture, the people, the demography, the politics, the society, the economy- I got to
know about the city, about the different places to visit and many more things
during this trip for the non doctrinal research as well as through doctrinal research.
SUGGESTION
The suggestions which I would like to give on the basis of my research is that
whatever schemes and yojanas the government has planned or announced they
should be completed soon and properly to make the effect. And the main focus ofr
the government over this region should be focusing on the employment sector and
education department. People of this place need to be educated and employed for
their problems to be resolved.
28

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CHANAKYA NATIONAL LAW UNIVERSITY

OF VAISHALI DISTRICT: A CASE STUDY

DR. SANGEET KUMAR DIKSHA SINGH

(FACULTY OF SOCIOLOGY) B.A. LL.B (SEM.I)

ROLL NO. 1724

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES

1. To study about the history of Vaishali

a) Primary Sources: Field work.

b) Secondary Sources: Books, newspapers, journals, magazines and web-sites.

1. Tools of data collection - To collect data, books, statical data, questionnaire as

A pilot survey tests the correctness of the instructions to be measured by whether

1. What is the history of Vaishali?

Secondary Sources- Books, Journals, Articles, and Magazines concerned with

For the purpose of data collection researcher has used Observation,

TOOLS OF DATA COLLECTION:

For the purpose of research various tools such as Observation schedule,

According to the 2011 census Vaishali district has a population of 3,495,021,

RAJA VISHAL KA GARH IN VAISHALI - A huge mound with a circumference

The district comprises of three administrative Sub-divisions namely Hajipur,

Vaishali district comprises the following Sub-Divisions:

RAINFALL AND FLOOD SITUATION

Hajipur is an assembly constituency in Vaishali district in the Indian state of Bihar.

1969-1972 - Motilal Sinha Kanan of Samyukta Socialist Party/Socialist Party won

The prepared interview questions were:

1. What is your name?

1. What is your name?

1. What is your name?

1. What is your name?

1. What is your name?

1. What is your name?

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