Introduction to Programming Using Java, Third Edition

Source Code

THIS PAGE CONTAINS LINKS to the source code for examples appearing in the free, on-line
textbook Introduction to Programming Using Java, which is available at
http://math.hws.edu/javanotes/. You should be able to compile these files and use them. Note
however that some of these examples depend on other classes, such as TextIO.class and
MosaicFrame.class. To use examples that depend on other classes, you will need to compile the
source code for the required classes and place the compiled classes in the same directory with the
main class file. If you are using an integrated development environment such as CodeWarrior or
Visual J++, you can simply add any required source code files to your project. See Appendix 2
for more information on Java programming environments and how to use them to compile and
run these examples.

Most of the solutions to end-of-chapter exercises are not listed on this page. Each end-of-chapter
exercise has its own Web page, which discusses its solution. The source code of a sample
solution of each exercise is given in full on the solution page for that exercise. If you want to
compile the solution, you should be able to cut-and-paste the solution out of a Web browser
window and into a text editing program. (You can't cut-and-paste from the HTML source of the
solution page, since it contains extra HTML markup commands that the Java compiler won't
understand.)

Part 1: Text-oriented Examples from the Text

Many of the sample programs in the text are based on console-style input/output, where the
computer and the user type lines back and forth to each other. Some of these programs use the
standard output object, System.out, for output. Most of them use my non-standard class,
TextIO for both input and output. The programs are stand-alone applications, not applets, but I
have written applets that simulate many of the programs. These "console applets" appear on the
Web pages that make up the text. The following list includes links to the source code for each
applet, as well as links to the source code of the programs that the applets simulate. All of the
console applets depend on classes defined in the files ConsoleApplet.java, ConsolePanel.java,
and ConsoleCanvas.java. Most of the standalone programs depend on the TextIO class, which is
defined in TextIO.java.

 ConsoleApplet.java, a basic class that does the HelloWorld program in Section 2.1. (The other
console applets, below, are defined as subclasses of ConsoleApplet.)
 Interest1Console.java, the first investment example, from Section 2.2. Simulates Interest.java.

 TimedComputationConsole.java, which does some simple computations and reports how long
they take, from Section 2.3. Simulates TimedComputation.java.

 PrintSquareConsole.java, the first example that does user input, from Section 2.4. Simulates
PrintSquare.java.

 Interest2Console.java, the second investment example, with user input, from Section 2.4.
Simulates Interest2.java.

 Interest3Console.java, the third investment example, from Section 3.1. Simulates Interest3.java.

 ThreeN1Console.java, the "3N+1" program from Section 3.2. Simulates ThreeN1.java

 ComputeAverageConsole.java, which finds the average of numbers entered by the user, from
Section 3.3. Simulates ComputeAverage.java

 CountDivisorsConsole.java, which finds the number of divisors of an integer, from Section 3.4.
Simulates CountDivisors.java

 ListLettersConsole.java, which lists all the letters that occur in a line of text, from Section 3.4.
Simulates ListLetters.java

 LengthConverterConsole.java, which converts length measurements between various units of

measure, from Section 3.5. Simulates LengthConverter.java

 PrintProduct.java, which prints the product of two numbers from Section 3.7. (This was given as
an example of writing console applets, and it does not simulate any stand-alone program
example.)

 GuessingGameConsole.java, the guessing game from Section 4.2. Simulates GuesingGame.java.

A slight variation of this program, which reports the number of games won by the user, is
GuesingGame2.java.

 RowsOfCharsConsole.java, a useless program that illustrates subroutines from Section 4.3.

Simulates RowsOfChars.java.

 TheeN2Console.java, an improved 3N+1 program from Section 4.4. Simulates ThreeN2.java

 RollTwoPairsConsole.java rolls two pairs of dice until the totals come up the same, from Section
5.2. Simulates RollTwoPairs.java. The applet and program use the class PairOfDice.java.

 HighLowConsole.java plays a simple card game, from Section 5.3. Simulates HighLow.java. The
applet and program use the classes Card.java and Deck.java. (The Deck class uses arrays, which
are not covered until Chapter 8.)

 BlackjackConsole.java lets the user play a game of Blackjack, from the exercises for Chapter 5.
Uses the classes Card.java, Hand.java, BlackjackHand.java and Deck.java.

 BirthdayProblemConsole.java is a small program that uses arrays, from Section 8.2. Simulates
BirthdayProblemDemo.java.
 ReverseIntsConsole.java demonstrates a dynamic array of ints by printing a list of input numbers
in reverse order, from Section 8.3. Simulates ReverseWithDynamicArray.java, which uses the
dynamic array class defined in DynamicArrayOfInt.java. A version of the program that uses an
ordinary array of ints is ReverseInputNumbers.java.

 LengthConverter2Console.java, an improved version of LengthConverterConsole.java. It converts

length measurements between various units of measure. From Section 9.2. Simulates
LengthConverter2.java

 LengthConverter3.java is a version of the previous program, LengthConverter2.java, which uses

exceptions to handle errors in the user's input. From the user's point of view, the behavior of
LengthConverter3 is identical to that of LengthConverter2, so I didn't include an applet version in
the text. From Section 9.4.

 ReverseFile.java, a program that reads a file of numbers and writes another file containing the
same numbers in reverse order. From Section 10.2. This file depends on TextReader.java. Since
applets cannot manipulate files, there is no applet version of this program.

 WordList.java, a program that makes a list of the words in a file and outputs the words to
another file. From Section 10.3. Depends on TextReader.java. There is no applet version of this
program.

 CopyFile.java, a program that copies a file. The input and output files are specified as command
line arguments. From Section 10.3. There is no applet version of this program.

 Two pairs of command-line client/server network applications from Section 10.5: DateServe.java
and DateClient.java; CLChatServer.java and CLChatClient.java. There are no corresponding
applets.

 TowersOfHanoiConsole.java, a console applet that gives a very simple demonstration of

recursion, from Section 11.1.

 ListDemoConsole.java demonstrates the list class that is defined in StringList.java, from Section
11.2. Simulates ListDemo.java.

 PostfixEvalConsole.java uses a stack to evaluate postfix expressions, from Section 11.3. The stack
class is defined in NumberStack.java. Simulates PostfixEval.java.

 SortTreeConsole.java demonstrates some subroutines that process binary sort trees, from
Section 11.4. Simulates SortTreeDemo.java.

 SimpleParser3Console.java reads expressions entered by the user and builds expression trees to
represent them. From Section 11.5. Simulates SimpleParser3.java. Related programs, which
evaluate expression without building expression trees, are SimpleParser1.java and
SimpleParser2.java.
Part 2: Graphical Examples from the Text
 GUIDemo.java, a simple GUI demo applet from Section 1.6. (You won't be able to understand the
source code until you read Chapters 6 and 7.)
 StaticRects.java, a rather useless applet from Section 3.7 that just draws a set of nested
rectangles.

 MovingRects.java, the sample animation applet from Section 3.7. (This depends on
SimpleAnimationApplet.java.)

 RandomMosaicWalk.java, a standalone program that displays a window full of colored squares

with a moving disturbance, from Section 4.6. (This depends on MosaicCanvas.java and
Mosaic.java.) The applet version of the random walk, which is shown on the web page, is
RandomMosaicWalkApplet.java. The source code for the applet uses some advanced
techniques.

 RandomMosaicWalk2.java is a version of the previous program, RandomMosaicWalk.java,

modified to use a few named constants. From Section 4.7.

 ShapeDraw.java, the applet with dragable shapes, from Section 5.4. This file defines six classes.
You won't be able to understand everything in this file until you've read Chapters 6 and 7.

 HelloWorldApplet.java, the utterly basic first sample applet, from Section 6.1.

 ColoredHelloWorldApplet.java, the first sample applet that uses a button, from Section 6.1.

 ColorChooserApplet.java, an applet for investigating RGB and HSB colors. This applet uses some
techniques that are not covered until Chapter 7. From Section 6.3.

 RandomStrings.java, which draws randomly colored and positioned strings, from Section 6.3.

 ClickableRandomStrings.java, an extension of the previous applet in which the applet is redrawn

when the user clicks it with the mouse, from Section 6.4.

 SimpleStamper.java, a basic demo of MouseEvents, from Section 6.4.

 SimpleTrackMouse.java, which displays information about mouse events, from Section 6.4.

 SimplePaint.java, a first attempt at a paint program in which the user can select colors and draw
curves, from Section 6.4.

 KeyboardAndFocusDemo.java, which demos keyboard events, from Section 6.5.

 SubKillerGame.java, a simple arcade-style game, from Section 6.5. This applet is based on
KeyboardAnimationApplet.java, which uses some advanced techniques.

 ColoredHelloWorldApplet2.java, an applet that introduces a simple layout, consisting of a

drawing canvas with a bar of control buttons, from Section 6.6. This applet depends on
ColoredHelloWorldCanvas.java.

 HighLowGUI.java, a simple card game, from Section 6.5. This file defines two classes used by the
applet. The program also depends on Card.java, Hand.java, and Deck.java
 SimplePaint2.java, a second attempt at a paint program in which the user can select colors and
draw curves, from Section 6.5. This file defines two classes that are used by the applet.

 HighLowGUI2.java, a version of the simple card game, HighLowGUI.java. This version gets
pictures of cards from an image file. From Section 7.1.

 DoubleBufferedDrag.java and NonDoubleBufferedDrag.java, two little applets that demonstrate

double buffering. In the first, double buffering is used to implement smooth dragging. From
Section 7.1.

 RubberBand.java, a little applet illustrating rubber band cursors, implemented using XOR
painting mode, from Section 7.1.

 SimplePaint3.java, an improved paint program that uses XOR mode and an off-screen canvas,
from Section 7.1.

 LayoutDemo.java, which demos a variety of layout managers, from Section 7.2.

 EventDemo.java, which demonstrates various GUI components, from Section 7.3.

 ShapeDrawWithMenu.java, an extended version of ShapeDraw.java that uses a pop-up menu,

from Section 7.3.

 RGBColorChooser.java, a simplified version of ColorChooserApplet.java that lets the user select a

color with three scroll bars that control the RGB components, from Section 7.4.

 SimpleCalculator.java, which lets the user do arithmetic operations using TextFields and Buttons,
from Section 7.4.

 StopWatch.java and MirrorLabel.java, two small custom component classes, and

ComponentTest.java, an applet that tests them. From Section 7.4.

 NullLayoutDemo.java, which demonstrates how to do your component layout instead of using a

layout manager, from Section 7.4.

 BlinkingHelloWorld1.java, an applet that blinks a message when the user clicks on a button, from
Section 7.5. This is the first example of using a thread. This applet depends on
ColoredHelloWorldCanvas.java.

 BlinkingHelloWorld2.java, an applet that blinks a message when the user clicks on a button and
stops when the user clicks again, from Section 7.5. This is the first example of communication
between two threads. This applet depends on ColoredHelloWorldCanvas.java.

 ScrollingHelloWorld.java, an applet that scrolls a message, from Section 7.5. This is the first
example of using synchronization with the wait() and notify() methods.

 RandomColorGrid.java, which uses nested and anonymous classes, from Section 7.6.

 ShapeDrawFrame.java, another version of ShapeDraw that uses a Frame, with a menu bar,
instead of an applet. From Section 7.7. The ShapeDrawFrame class contains a main() routine
and can be run as an application. The applet ShapeDrawLauncher.java, merely displays a button.
When you click on the button, a ShapeDrawFrame window is opened.
  MessageDialog.java, a class for displaying modal dialogs that contain a message and one, two, or
three buttons. From Section 7.7. The applet DialogDemoLauncher.java is a button that opens a
frame that runs a little demo of the MessageDialog class.

 RandomStringsWithArray.java, which draws randomly colored and positioned strings and uses an
array to remember what it has drawn, from Section 8.2.

 SimpleDrawRects.java, in which the user can place colored rectangles on a canvas and drag them
around, from Section 8.3. This simplified shape-drawing program is meant to illustrate the use of
vectors. The file also defines a reusable custom component, RainbowPalette.

 Checkers.java, which lets two people play checkers against each other, from Section 8.5. At 710
lines, this is a relatively large program.

 TrivialEdit.java, a standalone application which lets the user edit short text files, from Section
10.3. This program depends on TextReader.java and MessageDialog.java.

 ShapeDrawWithFiles.java, a final version of ShapeDraw.java that uses files to save and reload the
designs created with the program. This version is an independent program, not as an applet. It
depends on the file MessageDialog.java. It is described at the end of Section 10.3.

 URLExampleApplet.java, an applet that reads data from a URL, from Section 10.4.

 ConnectionWindow.java, a Frame that supports chatting between two users over the network,
from Section 10.5. This class depends on TextReader.java.

 BrokeredChat.java, an applet that sets up chat connections that use the previous example,
ConnectionWindow.java. There is a server program, ConnectionBroker.java, which must be
running on the computer from which the Web page containing the applet was downloaded. (The
server keeps a list of available "chatters" for the applet.) From Section 10.5.

 Blobs.java, an applet that demonstrates recursion, from Section 11.1.

 DepthBreadth.java, an applet that uses stacks and queues, from Section 11.3.

Part 3: End-of-Chapter Applets

This section contains the source code for the applets that are used as decorations at the end of
each chapter. In general, you should not expect to be able to understand these applets at the time
they occur in the text. Many of them use rather advanced techniques. By the time you finish the
course, you should know enough to read the sources for these applets and hopefully learn
something from them.

1. Moire.java, an animated design, shown at the end of Section 1.7. (You can use applet parameters
to control various aspects of this applet's behavior. Also note that you can click on the applet and
drag the pattern around by hand. See the source code for details.)
2. JavaPops.java, and applet that shows multi-colored "Java!"s, from the end of Section 2.5. (This
depends on SimpleAnimationApplet.java.)
 3. MovingRects.java, the sample animation applet from Section 3.7. (This depends on
SimpleAnimationApplet.java.) This is also listed above, as one of the graphical examples from the
text.

4. RandomBrighten.java, showing a grid of colored squares that get more and more red as a
wandering disturbance visits them, from the end of Section 4.7. (Depends on
MosaicCanvas.java.) (Another applet that shows an animation based on MosaicCanvas.java is
MosaicStrobeApplet.java, the applet version of the solution to one of the exercises for Chapter
4.)

5. SymmetricBrighten.java, a subclass of the previous example that makes a symmetric pattern,

from the end of Section 5.5. Depends on MosaicCanvas.java and RandomBrighten.java.

6. TrackLines.java, an applet with lines that track the mouse, from Section 6.7. This applet uses Java
1.0 style event handling.

7. KaleidaAnimate.java, an applet that shows symmetric, kaleidoscope-like animations, from

Section 7.8. Depends on SimpleAnimationApplet.java.

8. Maze.java, an applet that creates a random maze and solves it, from Section 8.5.

9. SimpleCA.java, a Cellular Automaton applet, from the end of Section 9.4. This applet depends on
the file CACanvas.java. For more information on cellular automata see
http://math.hws.edu/xJava/CA/.

10. TowersOfHanoi.java, an animation of the solution to the Towers of Hanoi problem for a tower of
ten disks, from the end of Section 10.5.

11. LittlePentominosApplet.java, the pentominos applet from the end of Section 11.5. This file
defines two classes, LittlePentominosApplet and PentominosBoardCanvas. A pentomino is made
up of five connected squares. This applet solves puzzles that involve filling a board with
pentominos. If you click on the applet it will start a new puzzle. For more information see
http://math.hws.edu/eck/xJava/PentominosSolver/ where you'll also find the big brother of this
little applet. This applet uses the old-fashioned Java 1.0 style event-handling.

Part 4: Required Auxiliary Files

This section lists many of the extra source files that are required by various examples in the
previous sections, along with a description of each file. The files listed here are those which are
general enough to be useful in other programming projects.

 TextIO.java which defines a class containing some static methods for doing input/output. These
methods make it easier to use the standard input and output streams, System.in and
System.out. The TextIO class defined in this file will be useless on a system that does not
implement standard input. In that case, try using the following file instead.
 TextIO-GUI.java defines an alternative version of the TextIO class. It defines the same set of
input and output routines as the original version of TextIO. But instead of using standard I/O, it
 opens its own window, and all the input/output is done in that window. Please read the
comments at the beginning of the file.

 ConsoleApplet.java, a class that can be used as a framework for writing applets that do console-
style input/output. To write such an applet, you have to define a subclass of ConsoleApplet. See
the source code for details. Many examples of applets created using ConsoleApplet are available
above. Any project that uses this class also requires ConsolePanel.java and ConsoleCanvas.java.

 ConsolePanel.java, a support class that is required by any project that uses ConsoleApplet.

 ConsoleCanvas.java, a support class that is required by any project that uses ConsoleApplet.

 SimpleAnimationApplet.java, a class that can be used as a framework for writing animated

applets. To use the framework, you have to define a subclass of SimpleAnimationApplet. Section
3.7 has an example.

 KeyboardAnimationApplet.java, a class that can be used as a framework for writing animated

applets, which the user can interact with by using the keyboard. This framework can be used for
simple arcade-style games, such as the SubKiller game in Section 6.5. To use the framework, you
have to define a subclass of KeyboardAnimationApplet.

 Mosaic.java which let's you write programs that work with a window full of rows and columns of
colored rectangles. MosaicFrame.java depends on MosaicCanvas.java. There is an example in
Section 4.6.

 MosaicCanvas.java, a subclass of the built-in Canvas class that implements a grid of colored
rectangles.

 MessageDialog.java, a class for displaying modal dialogs that contain a message and one, two, or
three buttons. From an example in Section 7.7.

 Expr.java, a class for working with mathematical expressions that can include the variable x and
mathematical functions such as sin and sqrt. This class was used in Exercise 9.4.

 TextReader.java, a class that can be used to read data from text files and other input streams.
From Section 10.1.

David Eck (eck@hws.edu), May 2000