Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 7

CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

INTRODUCTION
There are several equipment that is been used in the Construction Industry. These are used for
both large and small scale purposes. Various types of Equipment are been used for Building &
structural Construction, Road construction, underwater and other marine construction work
Power projects etc. There are various operations that are involved in construction projects,
whether it’s a large scale or a small scale; Excavation and digging of large quantities of earth,
Placement of construction materials (e.g.: -Bricks, concrete) Compacting and leveling, Dozing,
Grading, Hauling etc.

10 of the Construction equipment’s used are as following:

1. Excavator
An excavator is a construction vehicle used to excavate or move large objects. An Excavator is
basically made up of 2 parts: a driving base associated a powerful boom arm with an attachment
designed for excavating. The operator sits within a small cab connected to the base and controls
the arm.
The excavator uses a Hydraulic system to generate a Hydraulic force to control the mechanical
arm of the machine. It also uses a chain wheel system for its movement.

Excavators are been used in large and small


scale constructions. They are used for small
housing projects to do a cut and fill, used in
road construction, used in marine structures to
place armors and large rocks, and also been
used in larger sites to excavate, move
construction material, remove construction
waste etc. There are several types of excavators
which are classified on use, brand and purpose.

Excavator probably is the most commonly used


machine in the Construction Industry. There are many uses of an Excavator.

 Digging of trenches, holes, foundations


 Demolition
 Material handling
 General grading/landscaping
 Brush cutting with hydraulic attachments
 Forestry work
 Lifting and placing of pipes
 Mining, especially, but not only open-pit mining
 River dredging

2. Grader
A grader is a construction
machine with a long blade used
to create a flat surface. It is
commonly called in names such
as road grader, a blade, a
maintainer and motor grader,

Graders are mostly been used in


road construction for
construction and maintenance
of dirt roads and gravel roads.
The grader typically consists of three axles, with the engine and cab situated top, the rear axles
at one end of the vehicle and a third axle at the front end of the vehicle, with the blade in
between.

In the construction of paved roads, they are used to prepare the base course to create a wide flat
surface for the asphalt to be placed on.
They are also used to set native soil foundation pads to finish grade prior to the construction of
large buildings. Many countries use grader for the flatting process that is done before the placing
of Asphalt. Graders too have various types; some consist a large fork front, and some consist of
a flat blade front, which vary from different sizes.

3. Loaders
A loader is a heavy equipment machine frequently used in construction industry, mainly used to
Load material (such as demolition waste, feed, gravel raw minerals, used material,
rock, and plywood) into or onto another type of machinery (such as a dump truckload). Loaders
have a very higher productivity and a lower maintenance cost unlike most of the other large scale
construction machines. The Loader has a large bucket with a shorter moving arm. Large
quantities of material such as soil, construction material, etc. can be moved from this. The loader
consists of four large wheels for its movement. Loaders are best suited for earth moving, road
construction, agricultural purposes, and also in large and small scale constructions
which include marine structures. Loaders too are available in various types based on its use and
brand.
Usage of Loaders in
construction
 Laying pipe

 Clearing rubble
 Moving of Construction
waste and other materials
 Small excavations

4. Tippers
A truck or lorry the rear platform of which can be raised at the front end to allow the load
to be discharged by gravity also called tip truck.

Tippers are suited for the rough and tumble of


mining & quarrying operations, as well as for
carrying bulk loads in construction
and infrastructure industries. Complete
maneuverability, high performance and long-term
endurance are common to all trucks, resulting in
lower operational costs.

5. Crane
A crane is a type of machine commonly used in
construction, generally equipped with an elevator, ropes
or chains and sheaves that can be used both to move and
to lift and lower materials horizontally. It is mainly used
for heavy lifting and transport to other locations.
One or more simple machines are used to provide a
mechanical benefit and thus to move loads on the normal
ability of a person. Cranes are commonly employed in the
transport industry for the loading and unloading of goods
for the movement of materials and manufacturing
industries for mounting agricultural machinery, in the
construction industry.
6. Conveyor
A conveyor structure is a common piece of mechanical handling equipment that moves
materials from one location to another location.

Conveyors are mainly useful in


applications involving the
transportation of heavy or bulky
materials. Conveyor systems
allow quick and
efficient transportation for a
wide variety of materials, which
make them very popular in
the material handling and
packaging industries

7. Concrete Mixer
A Concrete (Cement Mixer) is a machine that combines
cement evenly to form aggregates such as sand or gravel
and water to concrete. A typical concrete mixer using a
rotating drum for mixing the components. For smaller
volume works portable concrete mixers are regularly used
for concrete, can be produced at the site, so that workers
have enough time to use the concrete before it hardens
time.

Special trucks for


transporting concrete
produced and ready-mix
concrete to the
construction site. They
can be charged with dry
materials and water, with
the mixing occurring
during transport. With
this method, the material
was mixed. The concrete
truck transportation of liquid mixture-maintained material by movement or rotation of the drum
to the delivery.
8. Compactor
A compactor is a machine or mechanism used to material soil through compaction in
construction industry.

In construction, there are three main types of


compactor:
 Plate compactor
 Jumping Jack.
 Road roller.
The roller type compactors are used for
compacting crushed rock as the base layer
underneath concrete or stone foundations or
slabs.
The plate compactor has a large vibrating
base plate and is suited for creating a level
grade, while the jumping jack compactor has a smaller foot.
The jumping jack type is mainly used to compact the backfill in narrow trenches for water or gas
supply pipes etc. Road rollers may also have vibrating rollers.

9. Backhoe
A backhoe, also known a rear actor or back actor, is a section of excavating equipment or digger
consisting of a digging bucket on the end of a two-part articulated arm. They are typically
mounted on the back of a tractor or front loader.

The section of the arm nearby to the vehicle


is known as the boom, and the section which
carries the bucket is known as the dipper or
dipper stick (the terms “boom” and “dipper”
having been used previously on steam
shovels). The boom is attached to the vehicle
through a pivot known as the kingpost, which
allows the arm to slew left and right, usually
through a total of around 200 degrees.
Modern backhoes are powered by
hydraulics.
10. Forklift
A forklift truck (lift truck, fork truck, forklift, tow-motor) is a powered industrial truck used to lift
and transport materials.

Forklift trucks are available in


many variations and
load capacities. In a typical
warehouse setting most forklifts
used have load capacities
between one to five tons. Larger
machines, up to 50 tons
lift capacity are used for lifting
heavier loads.
CONSTRUCTION EQUIPMENTS

Submitted By
Utkarsh Agarwal
(1479881025)

ANAND COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE,


ANAND TECHNICAL CAMPUS,
KEETHAM, AGRA MATHURA ROAD, NH-2,
AGRA-282007

Вам также может понравиться