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    English IGCSE

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    203 просмотров222 страницы

    English IGCSE

    Загружено:

    Alejandro
    English IGCSE

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Student Book Pam Taylor, Roger Addison and David Foster i i f i MH) if Published by Pearson Education limited, acompany incorporated in England ard Wales, Paving itsreystered offi at Feinburgh Gate, Harlow, Essex, CMZ0 ZF, Registered cormpary number: 372878 seemepeanorachocbandiccalleges cok Fedeucel ia raisored tasematt of Feel Limited “ext.o Pai Taylor Rager Addon ard Daud Foster 2010 Fit published 2010 3493127119 woATes 4321 (5B 978 0.495 99126 5 Copyright notice ‘lighter No pat the pabieaion maybe repo duced ny any foam by any tneans (nclacing photocopying or storing iti any medium by elecieonic smears and whether or not trarsiently or {nlcentaly o someather use of this publication) wethout the writen bpevinisian of the copyright owner, exceptin accordance wth the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 19B8 or under the terra of cence kaved by the Copyright Licensing Agency. Saffron Houie 6-10 Kirby Street, Londan ECTN BS (erweicla. co.uk). ‘Aapbeations for the copyright auners written persion should be fldressed to the publisher Designed by Create Morey Typeset by TechType Onginallueravions © Fearvon Education 2010, usted by Techtype ‘Cover design by Creative Monkey Picture eearch by liz Moore, ‘Cover photo Photodisc. Getty Images Printed in the UK by Seotpent Lad. Acknowledgements Treauthorsand publister would ike to thank the Following indioivaleand nrgana.zions for permisoon to reproduce photaganhe |e Featres © FC Fir Evenet:15 Reuters: Altar Soon: 20800 Photo Uber, 28 Getty ages: Onvid 8 Petra, 28 iStockphoto Ivan Choker: 32 Rex Features Ackian Sherat: 35 er Features 2 Gety Images Hulton Arche 5 Corb 3 Getty Images Hulion Archive: 52 stockphote: Deanna Bex [Dowplas Unversity af Colorado: 60 Meoviewore Col Adee MajarPrarce, 72 Trinketock Stockphota: 82 Dearne om’ Pstudi 80 Oren mcor Viator 95 Dreamtime cre Jjbobi #7 Shusterack. Mare Pagar Photography 102 Tape 103 Gety images: Petereparden’ 111 Corie rn Sugar: 115 Gety Images Anne FranleForat- Use / Anna Fran Houter 117 Fapete Thalimage Wisk, 122 Gea lnages AFF, 125 Gey images AFP {7a Gery nage: Ovid Freure 130 Thinks Stoskphow) 112 fx Faagures Suton Hibbert, 13 Eeihjrgal Oareseen 136 Getty lnages. Anse Frank Fads - Basel/ Ante Fra House; 128 Shuish Red Crowe Socey. 143 Getty images: AFP 148 Thlatoc Aanarastack, 192 Tnkstace Comstock brags: 157 ThiPlatoct iSkackphoto, 160 tackphoto: Luda Chernuve 164 Thnkstook Jeffey Harmon: 171 ThnkstacJeta Praducuon’: 173 Thinks Stork 175 Re Features: Crag Boron Newspi; 177 Tlteck 'Stackahoto: 181 Thinkstock Starkabot 186 Trkstoce Abieimages: 157 Thinkstock Jack Halbrgswortt 190 Thileteck: Jrk Fatlingstorth Allother images! Pearson Etucation very effort has been nade to contact copyright hakders af materia reproduced in thisbook Any omissions willbe recbfied in subsequent panings notes & given to thepubishen. Websites ‘The websites usod in thc back were correct and up ta date atthe time of publicanon tt sessental fortutors to preview each website before using ibn class sos toensure that the URL iss accurate, retovant anal appropnate. Wie suggest that tutoes hookerark USeul vwebstas and consider enabling students to access them through the school/college intranet. Disclaimer This material has been published on behalf of Edencel and ofers hogh-qualty support fr the delmery of Edescel qualications: This dacs nox npean that the material essential © achieve ary Edexcel quaifeation, nor does team that tthe ely sutabe material availble to support any Fleare! qual ration, Edesce! Iraterialwall not be used verbatinin sete ary Ederce\ exarnination lr anement. Any rexsutes te prosveed by Edewee hallinelode thisanel other approprateresourtes, Copies of ec speeiicabions fr all deseo! quiliatons my be feud 20 the Edevcel website vavruadenceleom, Ce eicaiey General Introduction Chapter 1: Section A Anthology Texts suching the Void Your Guide to Beach Safety Facts ate Change T AGames ha Heac A Passage to Aris he Explorer's Daughter Explorers, or boys messing about? ing.on the World jnese Cinderella Chapter 2: Section B Anthology Texts BD ut, Ou Refugee Blues An Unknown Girl Hectricity Comes to. Cocas Bottom The Last Night (from Ch Gray) Veronica The Necklace AHero k habriar and his Brother (from The Arabian Nights) Chapter 3: Unprepared Non-fiction Preparation Plunging into a Bottomless Crevasse ‘Openings and closings 102 109 ened Chapter 4: Preparing for the Use of Source Material aii inthe Baminaton 13 Intraduction 1a Section A: Texts of various kinds 114 Fiction 116 Biography, autobiography and speeches 121 Newspaper and magazine articles 127 Travel writing 131 Diaries and letters ‘135 Advertisements, leaflets and brochures 140 Web pages 14a Section B: Directed writing (based on passages in Section A) 146 Section C: Writing task 149 Chapter 5: Writing in a Wide Range of Forms A and Genres 151 A a explore, iniagine. entertain 153 ing to inform, explain, describe 159 ng lo argue, persuade, advise 164 Chapter 6: Coursework 183 gan ning coursework 185, Chapter 7: How to Prepare for Examinations 187 ‘ation A 188 Specification B 138 Chapter 8: Additional Material 192 Websites and resou 198 ant: Specification A 198 nent: Specification 8 205 General Introduction ‘This book has been written to help all students taking GCSE English Language achieve their fall potential, during the course and in te examination. Its wruiten bath for students and teachers, There ure two specitications for this examination, English Language A (MEAO) and English Language & (4EB0), Much of the book applies to both. Some parts of the book are designed for wae with one or other spevitication, and arc therefore clearly signposted as Specification Aat Students How will this book support you in your sim of doing we ‘wall Englisie? We bape sou ‘© useful in terms of developing your sills and techniques fully Forthe Exlexcel IGCSE English Language examinations 1 «holla to Sour feaing of the seloctea textsfrom the Heke Anton You are doing Specification A Top tip (© steupport in preparing for unseen peesermes (Specification A and Specilcation B), —Remernber to plan your watk. The sooae yo eran youre ars yeu ese, he eases you wll your preparaian for fevenpseeiotal the maminsan’ Thi boek Ime 9 gue you confidence by rapiovng, (© chasis for discussion idtechriques You know yawean ‘This book: should be: 19 on aid Wo develop your owns ideas, skill ind responce rH bf EY 3 £ . lear guide for revision, Students and teachers ‘The book sys iherougle al of the requirements for the two specifications with explanations, susgge: J. questions. It ako includes a nurmber of px activites and equmples, These ae for practice and will abo help you to appreciate bow re od saructured good answers are write Know your specs! ‘The two specitications tculled Specitleation A sind Specilleation snail sida earares but also so individual speviti orougbiut) have lar toate eats whic n. Here are sorme key points pecifleation A, 16 very important ta make sure tharyou have a really good grispof theselevted ition and non-dietion passages andl poems from Section A snd Section B of the Anthology: Every year, examiners read IGCSE scripts in whitch, the candidates write ina wary that shows that they do not understand, or tue not prepared carefully he texts that are set. Use the relevant sections from this haok to strengthen your knowladge of the texts, Top tip ice uti af any ecnkal ter inthe josey and the yo put next a them tampa each Shectlicatbon t Understand the difirerat types of prose passage (see Chapter 4) [Althou ge bath specifications require a respons: to unrprepared pre. Far Spesiication 3 you are expected to undertake wide reading of the various formsof writing from whict he posses nay be drawn, Both specifications: Use your sources Farboth specifications, an important part of the examination is te testingol your bility to chink on your feet wren confronted with unfamiliar prose passages, and to chow that you have both understood and respanded tothese. and that you cart base your-own writing on the keas sou have met, Think about the particular requirements for your chosen specification, Both specifications: Know and .anply properly your technical terms As with other subjects, English has a number of technical terme which you may need to use. [tis importarat that yuu know how to use the correct term, snd that yuu can spell i. Refer tothe Glossary om pages 192-197 10 help you. Even more Important is that you know how 49 explain why at particular device is used. looking, at the writer's interstions, Both specifications: Explore how to improve the structure and organisation: of your I pou look logely at the madel amsswers tat sre giver at satious points ‘kroughaur this book, tis wall help sou to write detailed, successful responses. Both specifications: Preserving, your work cectively How you set out your own wrlting 4s tmportant for various reasons. Get Ingo tne Deabit of producing, wrliing that © neat, regolarund cher © spelt accuraiely © correctly punctuated © sctout in clear paragraphs © presenied wel. Such strengths in your writing will bring many adwarntages, both im the examination and afterwards Examiners will form 4 posilive impression of yaur work, © They will beable read yoursmmsiner easily: they will mot be able to Hf your handwriting is poor snd as not written int proper senteices, © How you write, as well as what you write, willbe considored when your work is marked. © Good writing is useful for applications for jubs oF culloge courses. © Many jobs nev! people wha can write dearh accurately and precisely: Booth specications: Knowing your own sirengths and weaknesses It isan excellent ide to keep ahiecklit of your most common erties i spelling punctuation and grammar, since these are assessed on both speciticatioms ‘Wun you revolve ple sake gure you understand any cor of work back feom your teacher, r onis or oorrettons. 1 tarougt © Kecpa sheet of file paper at the frost or back of yaur work fileand write the correct spelling of words you leave misspelt om i © Reler to thichefore handling in your work, tomake sure you hae mat male the ssime mistakes, (© Tobe some time to learn the correct spelling of all ke words om this list and checleamy points that you kaye noted on punctuation and grariman, During your English course The following hints may seem very obvious. but every year many students fil to do as well as they could because they did mot keep to these baste points. Remember! © Concentrate during lass oF group discussions, (© Make sure you know nba pour haveto do im clas, © Be sure you understand what the homework is. (© For Specttication A, Coursework route: check what your coursewore ‘assignments are. Take par! 1@ Ask questions in class '@ Answer questions im class © Contribute todiscusston, © He fully involved in group work. If you take dhe Speaking and Listening coursework option an Specification A. your grade could depend om it) Make notest (© Write down key points front teschers: books you worksheets ud: class work: articles oF '@ For Specitication Arammotate your copy of the Amhology carctully (© Add points missed onto the end of your homework ar practlee questions when they are returmed to you Keep up! (© Hand work in on time, © Keep tiles or exercise books up to date f@ Make sure you do not jet bchind with your horneivork Top tip Be in itzo win it Top tip (Uce a cyte such deren coloured card frst nates pr down she hey points ones tet rt S EY 3 g . r fe] * = EH 4 & a a A 8 Specification Specification A (EAN) © Danot kewe work unfinished. Its always dificult is remember what has been sisted unless you amend ft tho times © Check off completed work in your nevords ereto explain f you are umcure, © Discuss with fiends © Look thing up using dictionaries, enevelopertias wind the Internet Be organised! @ Hive cles systems, set work peat, ft yoursell targets, © Stick to deadlines @ Ke nar tes oat al your utes togpt lr, Organise yourself as you go through the course: this is much beticr than trying (o catch up al the last minute. sitlon snd Liow to use es The following table gins a brief outline of wack spe hhuok: te tneprove your no wledgy anal skills: Assessment details Where to find guidance Specification A / Specification i J both PAPER J (2 hours 15 mins) Sextion A Unprepered passage Chapter 3: Unprepainad Non othe speciticatfons (Residing) naps 95-112 Sestion B One piece from Section A of Chapter 1: Section A Anthology Tests | Specification A Anthology (Reakting) es 1-40. Writing task based ob topic of chosen passage Irom Section A of Anthology Inform explain, deserlbe Chapter $; Writing 40 inform. explain, | Both pevillewibons Specilication Assessment details ERTHER PAPER 2 (hour 30mins} Oucstion 1 ‘One picee from Section Bof Anthology (Beading) ‘Oucstion 2. (Weiting) Bither: Explore, imagine. entertain Or Argue, persuade, scvise oR PAPER 3 Written Coursework Response ty Sevtion Bot Anthology Explore, imagine. entertain Or: Argue, persuade, advise AND PAPER + Speaking and Listening, Preparation and revision Glossary. websites and resources, assessment overview Where to find guidance Chapter 2: Section B Anthology Texts Pages 41-94 Chapter §: Writing mw Wide Rama of Forms and Genres Chapter $; Writing 10 explore, imagine, entertain Pages 133-158 Chapter : Writing 70 argue, persucde, advise Pages 170-182 Chapter 6; Courseworls Paper ®: Wefiten coursework: ges 183-185, Paper £ Speaking and listening. soaursewrark Pages 185-186 Chapier 7: How to Prepare for Examinations — Successful revislon Pages 187-191 Chupter 8: Additional Material Specification A/ Specification BJ both Specification A oth specifications Specilication A Specification A Bath specifications Both specifications a EI A c a = FS 3 & Assessment details PAPER 1(3 hours) (AERO) Seaion A TWO unseer pens (Beading) Section B Directed writing based on passages studied in Section & (Reading, ard Writing) Sation (One task (a chotce) on a tople related to the passages (Writing) 5 s H 5 a = ¢ Ht A ry Preparation and revision Glossary. websites and resources, asscssment overview Where to find guidance Chapter 2: Unprepsired Nonefletian Pages 95-112 Chapter 4: Preparing for the Uae ot Source Material in the Exar 113-150 Section B: Directed writing (based ors parses in Section A) Pages 146-149 Section ©: Writing task Pago 149-154 Alco: Chapter § Writing in a Wide Range of Forms ang Genres Pages 151-182 Chapter § Writing 20 inform. explain, describe Pages 159-170 Chapter 5: Writing t0 explare, imagine, entertain Pages 153-158 Chapter 5: Writing to argue. persuade, advise Pages 170-182 Chapter 7: How to Prepare For Examinations — Successful revislon Pages 187-191 Chapter 8: Additional Material Pages 192-207 Specification A/ Specification BJ both oth speciiesttons Specitication B Speciication B ‘Bath spevifeattons ‘Bath spevifeations ath specifications Hoth specifications Speolication H Hoth specications ‘Assessment Objectives ‘You will be asked to complete reading and writing tasks. In the reading tasks you will not be marked on the accuracy of your spelling. punctuation and grammar, but on your understanding and response. You will, homeves.be marked on tesc in. jour wriling answers. I is important to know what examiners are luoking for. ‘Guidance will be given throughout the book, but it is helpful to know what the Assessment Objectives are for reading wind writing in both Englistr Language A ane English Language B, These arc shown below: ‘Specification A (4EA0) S H Chapter 1: Section A Anthology Texts Touching the Void Background ‘Touching the Vaid is a book by Joe Simpson. It isa true story of how he and ‘Simon Yates set aut to become the first people to » question that cot to the heart of the relationship between me and him. between usand them. between the rich world and the poor world If he wasembarrassed to be found weakened by hunger and ground dawn by conflict, how shoul | feel to be standing there s0 strong ane! confident? resolved thet and then that woakl write the story of Gu gsddowd witha the ‘parva id purpose coURd muster It Seemed ut he time, abel still does, the ony stdeguaite answer a reperter can ave to the ms questions Thave one regret about that brief encounter in Gufgaduud, Having searched! ‘through my notes and studied the dispatch that the BBC broadcast, Esee that never found out what the man's name was. Yet mevting fim was a seminal hy moment in the gradual collection of experiences we call context. Facts ane figures are the easy part of journalism, Knowing where they sit in the great scheme of things is much harder. So. my nameless friend if you are atl alive 1 ‘owe you ome. George Alagioh Understanding the text ‘Georg: Alagiah's purpose is toexplain hts role axa reporter, giving his thoughts and feelings about a particularly challenging incident, He is also trying to ‘challenge us as readers. to make us think about our role. “The following, questions wil help you into this aspect of the Text. Read the text again aid try tollnd answersto tte following questions. Remember, more than ane ‘point vam be reade i sersnu tes question, ‘The man’s smile ‘Thivsmile isthe key’ to a full understanding of the passage becouse it emake sich am impact on the writer 1, Look ut the following list of statements bor the smite smed thet ind = quotsrion to illustrate each ones inreverses roles itasks questions it stimulates actions: itaffects the writer very powerfully 2. Now try to pul into your own words what you think the importance of the smile 5. Conrratietions What happens in the passae is olten puzzling because of the contradictions. For instance, smile is usually a sign of happiness. but not here. Can you find any ther examples of things which seem to be he oppasite af what they should be? What can I say about language? In this passage George Alogiah is writing both asa jaurralist and about being a jours, He describes what ieesine it a vivid way but atl the same time lie gives he reader un insight into the world of reporting. where journalists wom pote with ‘each other to get the highest ratings, Complete the following rable to think shout the differing usw sind land of Tamgusage in the passage. Writing tasks + Imagine youare a television or radia mews reporter: © Describes vivid and deamatic seene fora television news iter You can either ve this aezaunt live the elass oe write the seipt fort, © Writean entry for a personal dary giving your real though itz ad feelings about what you sa + Inhis bool; George Alagiah writes, in global terms if yau havea roof-aver your head, foad on the table, a doctor who will nat charge you whan yau are ill and a schoo! place that daes nat depend on your ability to pay, then, my friend, you are Fich! Comment an thi. giving yaur idaas on what makes you rich. + Wie ashore story entitled “The Sri The Explorer's Daughter Background ‘vas a polar explorer, lived as.a child with her family in northwest Greenland in the Arctic. he Was so fascinated by the place ‘she returned there later as an adult ro write about it. ‘The book from which this extract is raken is partly a memotr (a form of autobiography) and partly a travel book, giving the reader information about this strange and beautiful place, its people and its animals. She found that the ‘way of life of the Inughuit people was changing under the impact of the ‘modem worid, but that they still retained aspects of their traditional way of Ife, for instance hunting for food and driving teams of dogs ‘Amajor part of the passages an account ot a hunt for narwhal whales. Hunting isa very emotive issue and many conservationists argue that whales shauld be protected. Kari Herbert’s feelings are divided on this tapic. She ‘sympathises with both the narwhal and the hunters, who face incredible ‘danger. They huntin kayaks = flimsy canoes - in water so cold that they would die quickly their kayak overturned. Before you start reading 1, Do some research yorursel: (a) Find some information about Kari Herburi. You can visit her website: wwarkariherbert.com, (hy Findout as uch as you van about the Inughult poople (sometimes spelt Inuit andl formerly known as Eskimo) and tet wary of ite e) Find pictures of the natrwhal and cut them, 2. Some people thins that hurting animals should be barred. Ina small groper with afllaw studemt. stare your ideas as the following, questions: (a) What arguments can you think of fn favaur of hunting animals? (b) What arguments can you tleink of against aenting animals? (e) Bo you thank hunting wild animals shoubd be banned? (d) How important isit to protest endangered spocies? Assessment Objective 2(i) Read with insight and engagement, ‘making appropriate reference to texts and developing and sustaining interpretations of them. ny Spec orca Ei pork: emall groupe of wales [ea long, rarrowinletof the ea with steep es ‘atta or blur” the fatty sin Fh whe seo puinfl weakening dssuse caused Dylack of wean c ‘The Explorer's Daughter Figure 1.6 Tuo nonuhal the Arctic Oceae ‘Two hours after the last of the hunters had returned and eaten, narwhal vere spotted again, this time very clase. Within an hour even those of us on shore could with the naked eye see the plumes of spray’ from the narwhal ‘catching the light ina spectral play of colour. Two large pods" of ariwhal \Greled im the ford’, often looking ss if they were going,to-merge, but always slowly, methodically passing eich other by. Scrambling tack up ta lookout [looked across the glittering kingdom i from oF me aed sharp intake of breaile, The hunters were datted all round the ord, The aming light was morning butter-pol, glinting off man sand whale and ‘catching, he 8 billows of smoke from 2x Horw Insraters pipe. From whine we fst th lookout if looked ax though the hunters wore close enough 10 ouel-the narwtal with thelr bure hands and yet they newer moved. Distances aro always devopitve in Oke Arete, and fell wondering ifthe urwhal wcstod at all or wore instexd mischievous tricks of th shlting Might The nanwhal rarety stray trom High Arctiy waters. escaping onty to the slightly more temperate waters towards the Arctly Circle in the dead af vrinter, but never entering the warmer southern seas. In summer the hunters of Thule are fortunate to witness the annual return of the narwhal to be lngletield Ford, on thee side of which we mow-sat, ‘The narwhal isan essential contributor tothe survival ofthe Inrelers in the High Arctte. The mattak or blubher* of the while sri in necessary rmimerals snd vitamins. and in a pkace where the climate prohibits the srowth of wegetubles or fruft this rick source of vitamin C wasthe one reason that the Eskimos have never suffered from scurvy. For centuries the blubber of the whales was alu the only source of Hight aed wat, snd the dark rich meat is still a valuable part of the diet for both au and dogs (a single narwizal can feed a team of dogs for an entire mom ts single fvory tusk, which can grow upto slx feet in length, was used for barpacn tins ard handles for other hunting implements (although the Ivory wus found fo be bitte and not hugely sullsfastory ase weape!, For caving protective tupiloks®, and even asa cotta boom fr tht small ‘ancient chwolings. Strangely the tusk seems to have litle uso forthe rarvtral itself they do not use the tus to break through ie asa breathing Iaole, or will they use 10 ats or antl prey, but Faller te pm, seems 1 be todisturb the topo thkesea bed in order to catch Arctls haba for which they hive particular predilection’. Often the ends of tele tusks are worn down or ewen broken from such usage: ‘The women stustered on the-Sonoll of the lookout, blmocwkars potting tt ewery direction, each woman focusing on her husband or family member, ccasionally spinning round at 9 amall asp or jurap as-one of the women ‘saw a hunter near a narwiual. Each wife know her luisband instinctively ad watched sheir progress intenly: it was crucial 40 her that ber busbar sciich a nara it was part of thelr staple diet. std some of the rata and meat could be sold to. other humters who hadn't been ao bucky, bringinig in some much-needed extra income. Every Lanier wasn the water H wars like watching a vast, waterborne game with the kiunters spread Whe a net around the said, ‘The nanwhall are intelligent creatures, their senses are keen and they tals ‘one another under the waier. Their hearing is particularly developed and they cam hear the sound of a pudlg kayak rom a great distance. That swars why the hunters hate sit so very sili the water ne hunter wad almost on topof a pair of narwhal, and they were huge: He ently picked up his harpeon and aimed —in that aplit second my heart Jeapt for both humter and narwhl urged the man on in my trea he was 0 close, are! so brave attempt what fre was about fo —he was miles From land in a llonsy kayak, andl could easily be capoiaed and drowned. The hunter had no rfl, only an hurrpoa with two heals and ots Blade: 1 vasa oolhandy esetelse andl one tka eould ely tashre beset, Atl et at the same time my heart also urged the narwhal todlive, to leave, tesurvive. ‘This dilemma stayed with methe whole time that] wasin Greenland. 1 understand the harshness of life in te Attic and the need of the huntets aiid thelr families to hunt and lve on animals snd see mamas that we ‘lemandl to be protected because of their beauty, And I know that one sximot afford to be sentimental in te Arctic: How cam you possibly eat ‘Thave been asked aver anel over again, True, the images that bombarded usseveral vers ago of men battering seals for their for hast helped the swe of polar hunting, but the Inuit do not kill seals using this method, nor do they kil for spart. They use every part of the animals they kill, and most of the food in Thule i still brought in by the hurater- gatherers and fishermen. Imported goods can only ever account for part of the food supply: there is stil only one annual supply ship that makes it through the kee to Qamaag, and the small fwiee-weecly plane from West ‘Grecoland cam omly carry ascertain amount of goods, Hunting isstill a aibsoluig necessity In Thule ori Herbert upline gine with mages pense, caus prediction” Heng, Ej P| fs] ea Understanding the text Kant Herbert spmpathises with both burner cane fur, an this tension is shown inthis passage. Complete the following table to highlight this aspest of the passage Question Why: do the Inughui lunt the ‘narwhal? Pind as many reasons as you What details show the difficulties and dangers faved by the Inula in the hunt? ‘What details show the writer's respect and sympathy for dhe narwhal? What can | say about language? Answerand evidence 1. fis meat provides cructal dood - lachsble pert of the diet for bath man cand das This passage has many purposes. The weiter uses languuge in differing ways to fulfil these. She uses description to convey the beauty of the setting. gins us Information about the Inughiult and the narwhal, dramatisesthe hunt, and gives usin insight inio her awn thoughts and feelings. Complete the following table to help you sori aut these various strands amguaze sive Lamatogo to con ths oss oF gh ‘Language to give Informasion: factual, sciettific other specialised Linguage Language to create tension ridence 1. glitering kino Bs es 1. Procive, scientific Language makes tke‘information more authoritative = [Its] moctar ar btbber.. i rich necessorg mimes and itamnins 3 1. The way the women resict suggest Heir nervousress ~ e.g. spe rind at mol sp 2 5. Language to show the conflicin the 1. writer's personal feclings and thoughts | 9 Speaking and listening task + Your dass isto debate the topic ‘All sorts involving unnecessary crueity to animals should be banned: Write the script fora spasch to be given in this dabare arguing, either in favaur of this view or against ‘Writing tasks + rite abour a place you know well or have re-visted. that has changed signficantly, Analyee the viys nich ithas changed, aving your thoughts and fechings about these changes * Some people think that not enough f being done to preserve trations and Customs What aspects of your vy of le would you most want to keep and why? Explorers, or boys messing about? Either way, taxpayer gets rescue Background ‘This is @ newspaper article that tells the story of tweo men rescued by the Chilean Navy when their helicopter crashed in the sea off Antarctica Before you start reading 1, Do some web-busen! esearch yoursell, (a) You might want tolook atthe original artic: www: guardian.co-uk/uk/2003/an/28/Stevenmorris (b) Compare this with how it was reported in other newspapers suet as wowedailymal.co.ulsews/article 156876 /Britons-reccuerl-Amtarctic= hhlicopterscrush hl Or: wiewallbusiness.comiservices/museumesset-palleres-botamical oological/4 359095. 1, htm 2, va small groupror with a fellow student, share your kleas on the followin. questions (2) Do you think iis fair teat the taxpayer has to pay foe people to be rescued, such asthese tarexplorcrs? Ei r fs] Assessment Objective 2(i) Read with insight and engagement, making appropriate reference to texts and developing and sustaining Jmerpretations af them. Falmauit cose Hh England {h) What do you sor as the advantages and elisadvantages of aving to) (Uli) explorers being required to do wor! i all explorers to boy additional insurance? From the govermmemt, without whist ¥ would no# be allowed to explare? 1 the community to repay any money spent on rescuing them? Semen a aC EITHER WAY, TAXPAYER GETS RESCUE BILL expedition ended in farce ary planes to intercept xl for Toss ito Sibu ‘yin the teeboundl Bering Si ‘Yesterday anew adventure undet- sen by British explorers Steve Brooks Quemtin South almost led trag edly when their helicopter plunged inte 0 the sea off Antarctica ‘The rent were phackad from the sey water by a Chilean mal ship alter ine-hour rescue which began when Mr Brooks contacted hs wile, Jo Wastes, fy las seltte plone asking. for agls- tance, The rescue involved the Royal ‘Navy. the RAP and Bettlsh cousi guards Last night dre was re mt iy some quarters that the men's adven- ture had cost the taxpayers of Britain and Chile tens of thousands of pounds Experts questioned the wisdom of taking a small Helkcopter — tho four- semier Robinson Rid has a single engine ~ into such a hastile enytran- ment ‘There was also confusion abou! what esactly the men were trying te-achiove, Acwebstte set up to promote the Kering alt expedition claims the planning te fly frum the north tw south pole in their ‘trusty h know what the pair wore upto, desnb- wg them as “boys messing about with helicopter’ The drama began at around 1 an British time when Mr Bresks 42, amd 4pyear-old Mr Smith, ako knows as ditched nto the sex 100 ails of Antarctica, about 36 miles north: of Figure 17 Rabon Re hicopor Smith Island, and scrambled into their Mera. Mr Brooks called his wife in London ‘on his satellite phone, She sakl: “le ssid they were both én the Mferaft but were okay and could [ call the emer semey people Meanwhile, distress signals were being beamed from the gitshes hel copier and from Mr Frooks' Bretting cemergeney wedding present The signals from the aircraft we deciphered by Falmouth" coastguard ‘and passed on to the rescue coordina: ton The Royal Navy's ive putrol ship, HIMS Endurance, which was 180 miles away surveying uncharted waters, bega steaming towards the scene anal dispatched itstwo Lynx kedicopters ne wasdriven back because af poor visibility but the sevond was on its way when the men were picked up & Chilean naval vessel at about 101.207 Ibntch time Though the pair wore survival suits and the weather at the spot where they watel, ee cette ie ett ia eee itched worscleur. ome Antarctic explar- vet told Mr Brooks’ wife it was ‘nothing short of a mitacke’ that they hdl sur vive. Hoth men are experienced uchentur- ers. Mr Brooks. a property developer from Lond. fa taken part topo tions to 70 countries in 15 years, He thas trekled solo to Everest base camp: and walked barefoot for ahtoe days the Hirmafayis. He fins neti the: ‘owhite watter rapids of the Zambos river boy kayak: and survived «charge by silver back gorilla in the Comap. He is also a qualified mechanical engineer and pilot, He and his wife spent their honey- ‘aon tying the feelicopter from Akaka to Chile. The 16.000-anile tetp took tleree months, Mr Simi, also from: Lan, «dais vito haveboon tying hice the age of Hv. He has twice down abelicopter soa the globe and won the workd freestyle hheliconter ing charmpnshi, Dest their experience, #8 nat the fist rime they fueee hie the heradlines for the wrong ressons, In April, Mr Brooks and another explorer, ‘Graham Stratford, were: polsed to hevome the frat to complete a socrussing of the 56-mlle wide frozen Bering Strait between the US and Russa in-an amphibious vehicle, ‘Snowtrd VI which eek carve ts way ‘rough tev loos and float in the water in between. But they were forced to call a hat atler the Russian outhotities told them they would scramble military helicap- ters fo lift them off the ice if they crossed the border. Ironically, ohe of the aims of the eApaliion, for which Mr Srnith provid ced air back-up, was to demonstrate how snod relations between east ad west hind Become. The ‘wisdom of the team’s latest adventure wis questioned by, among others, Ginter Endres, editor of Jam's Helicopter Markets amd Syste, wha said: ‘I'm surprised they used the Rid. [wouldir' use @ helienpter like that tr 0 so far over the sea, Jt sounds as af they were pasting it tothe: maximum. ‘A spokesman for the pair said it was not known whit Bard pone wrong. The flying comitions tad been ‘excellent ‘Tine Ministry of Deferce sid the tas pager would pick up the ball. a wae hormal im rescues inthe UR ad abroad, The spokesperson ssid it was "highly unlikely’ WOU! FecoReT any” of tke mone Lc night te ten were on tele way tothe Chilean naval base Eduardo Fre. Whore TIMS Endunitice wis t0 pick thom up, Ms Westey sail: They ave beer clocked and apes £0 be well. ‘don't know what will happen to them ‘once they have been picked! up by WMS Endurance they’ probably have their bottoms kickex! ane! be sent hame the long wa Steven Morris Adapéed from an article published in the Cumrumr newspaper. Tuesday January 28 203 Understanding the text (On the surface this may appear to be an infoemation text, asthe article explains aohat happened to thetwemen and bow they were rescued. Bust beyond this, the writer takes a strongly critical stance an what be sees as irresponsible behaviour on the pard of the two explorers. The hey to understanding the passage is revergising, how the writer makes his opinions cles. ‘The following table will help you into this aspect of the test, Reswtit through anal ry to tind answers to the following questions. ee ‘The writer's opinions | Explanation and evidence ‘The twoesplorers arepresented as | 1. Mr Smith has a nickname, watch, childish, suggests a juvenile nature, 2. When they get in trouble they phone home: like runt ome ti ‘hetr mother. 3. Mis Vestey dismisses them as howe and describes their amties as ‘The writer uses irony toespress his | 1, Mr Smith's nickname ts tronke as (2 opinions. is the character from James Bord who is good with technical devises. = 3. The twoesplorers are nat really as | 1. export as they claim to be, Fe The Nany is used tocriticiswtherwy | men. a a The writct usexexperts twice his | 1, ici for him. ze ay The writer usesemotivelanguage. | 1, a 3! jon seu af You ear write @ single paragraph that directly expresses how the writer feuds, rather than using the range of indirect criticisms that the writer uses, Taking on the World Background llen MacArthur achieved fame asa yachtswoman, breaking the world record for asolo circumnay eget aera oe a oro herattempt to repair the mast. — “The key to understanding this passage is being able to appreciate the dangers that Ellen faced, how she reacted to them and what this tells us about her ‘character. Before you start reading 1. Do some websbuad research yours (a) You might want to look at wwweellenmacarthur.com or wuawellenmacarthwrirust.org (by Findowt about the sort of tost that Ellen sid abe what some of the tealinica gs actually means. See f you cam tind some lamas sath 2, Ina small groupor with a fellow student, discuss the following. (a) What males some people Want to push themselves to be the best, like Ellen MacArthur? (b) Js it brave and adventurous? (©) Shoulel wr-udmire people lke Ellen? (a) What record would you try a9 break if you were able? ‘Taking on the World Tlimbed thee mast on Christmas: Eve; and though thud time to grt ready: i sas the hardest climb to diate 1 had-worked through the night preparing for it, making sure { ad all the tools. mouse fines" and bis I might need, amet had agonired for hours over how | should prepare the halyard" so that it sould stream out easily below me ancl not get esrught ast climbed ‘When it got light E decides that the time was right. 1 kitted up ir. my rmiddlelayer clothes as E didn’t want to wear so mc that Ewoulde't be able to move freely up there, The most dangerous thing apart from falling off fs 10 bethrown against the mast, and though C would be wearing helmet it 1) would not be difficult to bres bones up there, {aid aut the new halyard on deck, faking it mest’ so there were no twists, As [took the mast én ray’ anal ndl began to climb Efelt almost ssi suo stepping. on to the moore wall aver whrch I Rad mi cemtred. You sat ‘esse the sheets” or take a reel”, mae can sou ater the setings for the autopile I something joes wrong you are not there to attend toi. You area pase ‘observer looking down at your boat some 8° feet below: you, After climbing Assessment Objective 2(i) Read with insight and engagement, making appropriate reference to texts and developing and sustaining interpretations af them. rowan length of ware wep acess therouth ols hook, or thraugha sheckle ppinand stound the shackle or theeake cl security Faljare atop ued fr inking an wenn, sails Ei P| 6 Just a couple of metres {realized howe hurd it was going to be. couldn't feel imy fingers — 11d need kas. despite the-loss in denterity.Llembed dann, setting snaked as we ploughed into awe ~ the decks around my feet were Jjumara climbing device hat grip he ope 2s: wast Cunclipped my jumar” from the halyard and pat on 2 pair of sling sothat can be ckbed loves. There would be no second! climb om this ane I knew tha Ewould not have the energy. AAs [climbed my hands were more comfortable, and initially progress was positive But it got hander and harder as l was mat only pulling my oma weight up as climbed but also the increasingly heany halyard-~ nearly 200 fect of rope bythe time | made i to the top. The physical eri cme fr kes rom the climbing han feorn the clinging on. The hardest thing is just to hang om athe mast slices erratically through the ait. There would be-the odd massive wane wits Len ol us suet cor, kenbing we sk pe te the wei frome. would wrap my arms round the mast ane! press my’ face atinst its wold andl slippery carbon surface, waiting fot the shuddering slowsown, Eves dosed and teeth grited, | hung on tight, wrists clenched together, amd oped. Occasional om tie smaller Waves would be thre before I could old om tight, snd my’ body and the tool carried were thrown away from the mast; I be hanging on by just one arm, trying to stop myself rom smacking back ite the rg By ie third spreader” I was exhausted: the halyard was heavier and the motion more violent, { hold on te her spreader base ard tang there, holding, tight to breathe mote deeply and coniute up more energy Bt L realized that the halyard was tight and that it had caught on something. [knew that if 1 ‘went down te free it | nould not hae the energy to climb up ote again tuoi sel togged on the rope ~The frustration was unreal It had to come quite simply the rope tad to come free, Luckily with all the pulling E manage tocreate enough lack to mak it to the top, but naw Was even mare exhausted, | squinted at the rey sy bow me amd watched the mast- Tac wip autos tke clouds, The wind whistled pwist us, made visible bythe seiow tlt ad beun to fal, Blow the sewstretchedl out for ever, fBresne amd lergtlnof the waves emphastred by this new aerial view: ‘hiss what i must look lke tothe albatross, [rallied once more and lft the safety of the final spreader for my last lathe to the top. The mation was ‘worse than ever, cmd as Lelimbed 1 thought to myself, not far now, kiddo, come on, just ke moving As the macttwead came within reach there was a short moment of reel at least there was no-giving up now 1 had made it—whartever happened Figure 1.8 Ell afiorcrsing the fs ine. now had the whole mast to climb Ue. ra laerace = Go own, Lfumbled at the top of the rig, feeding in the halyard and connecting r's mast. The job only took half an hour then Thegan my descent. This was by far the matt dangerous part andl had my heart in my mouth no time for complacency nav 1 thovght not tillyou reacts thedevk, kiddo, i's far from ower. 6 Tewas almost four hours before [called Mars back and I shook with ‘we spoke, We hae been surfing at well over 200mnots while 1 ‘was up there, My limbs were bruised umd my besd was spinming, beat Lfclt {ikea million dollars as Lspoke om the phone. Santa hd called on Kingfisher early and we had the best present ever -a new the other end tathe top of Ki exhinustion Understanding the text slyard, Ellen Macardur Ellen faces many hardships and demonstrates that she ls a resourceful and determined person, possessal of physical and emotional strength. See if you ean lind evidence to support these aspectsof her character Characteristic Weisimire Ellen because she overcomes physical digvomlort to achieve het goal ‘She is methodical and prepares ‘carefully for the

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