Petroleum is a mixture of hundreds of thousands of changed hydrocarbon-based

molecules, many of which also contain non-hydrocarbon components such as nitrogen,

oxygen, sulfur, and sometimes organometallic compounds [1, 2]. Sometimes it also
contains small amounts of heavy metals and organometallic compounds [3]. It is
typically confined within a permeable type of deep rock in the subsoil, both at sea
and on land in different locations of the world [4,5]. The composition of petroleum
may differ significantly depending on various factors. These dissimilarities may
arise due to the difference between biomass precursors and different oilfield
conditions such as pressure and temperature [6]. Fossil fuel based hydrocarbons are
considered the main source of energy for the existing civilization that currently
provides about 83% of world demand. Oil is still today the most exploited energy
source in the world