“Climate change” and “global warming” are ofen used interchangeably but have distnct

meanings same as the terms "weather" and "climate"

What Is Climate? How Is It Different From Weather?

o Weather

It refers to atmospheric conditons that occur locally over short periods of tme from minutes to
hours or days. ( e.g. rain, snow, clouds, winds, floods or thunderstorms)

o Climate

It refers to the long-term regional or even global average of temperature, humidity and
rainfall patterns over seasons, years or decades.

What is Global Warming?

o Global Warming

The term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth ’s
atmosphere and its oceans. A change that is believed to be permanently changed the Earth ’s
climate.

What is Climate Change?

o Climate change

It is the long term shif in the usual weather patterns and average temperatures found in a
place. This could be a change in how much rain a place usually gets in a year. Or it could be a
change in a place's usual temperature for a month or season.

Natural Causes of Climate Change

 Orbital Changes

Milankovitch Theory explains the 3 cyclical changes in Earth’s orbit and tlt that cause the
climate fluctuatons.

 Volcanic Eruptons

Volcanic eruptons discharge carbon dioxide and may also emit aerosols.Aerosols scatter
incoming solar radiaton, causing a slight cooling effect. Volcanic aerosols can can also block
a percentage of sunlight and cause a cooling that may last for 1-2 years. (e.g. Indonesia ’s
Mount Tambora)
  Variaton in Solar Radiaton

The sunspots are suppressing heat, the heat flows to surrounding areas causing these
regions to be brighter than normal, radiatng more heat. While more sunspots may
contribute to warmer global climate, less sunspots appear to be associated with a cooler
global climate. (e.g. ice age 300 years ago)

 Movement of Crustal Plates

As tectonic plates move over geological tmescales, landmasses are carried along to different
positons and lattudes. These changes affect global circulaton patterns of air and ocean
water and the climate of the contnents.

Anthropogenic Causes of Climate Change

 Greenhouse gasses- are group of compounds that are able to trap heat (long wave
radiaton) in the atmosphere, keeping the Earth's surface warmer than it would be if
they were not present.

• Coal mining/burning-the process of extractng coal from the ground, used to generate

electricity.

Burning of fossil fuels- fossil fuels are hydrocarbons, primarily coal, fuel oil or natural gas,
formed from the remains of dead plants and animals.

Industrial process- are procedures involving chemical, physical, electrical or mechanical

steps to aid in the manufacturing of an item or items.

Deforestaton- refers to the cutting, clearing, and removal of rainforest or related

ecosystems into less bio-diverse ecosystems such as pasture, cropland, or plantatons.

Agricultural actvites- ploughing fields releases carbon dioxide in the soil, and rice
cultvaton and livestock breeding both emit large quanttes of methane.

Effects of Climate Change to Environment:

 Meltng glaciers-Glaciers are large sheets of snow and ice that are found on land all year
long. Warmer temperatures cause glaciers to melt faster than they can accumulate new
snow.

 Flood-is a temporary overflow of water onto land that is normally dry.

  Drought-is an extended period of unusually dry weather when there is not enough rain.

 Heatwaves- a period of excessively hot weather.

 Coral Bleaching-whitening of coral that results from the loss of a coral's symbiotc algae.

Effects of Climate Change to Human:

 Health

A warmer and more variable climate leads to higher levels of some air pollutants, increases the
rates of transmission of infectous diseases and affects agricultural producton in many regions,
including some of the least developed countries Therefore, it can indirectly cause malnutriton,
diarrhea, injuries, cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, and water-borne and insect-transmitted
diseases.

 Psychological Impact

A 2011 artcle in the American Psychologist identfied three classes of psychological impacts
from global climate change: direct, indirect and psychosocial. A psychological impact is
shown through people’s behavior and how they act towards the actual situaton.

 Displacement and Migraton

Effects of climate change such as desertficaton, rising sea levels and weather-related
disasters that destroy homes and habitats gradually erode livelihood and force communites
to abandon their traditonal homelands for more accommodatng environments.

 Social Impact

Individual and social factors such as gender, age, educaton, ethnicity, geography and
languages lead to differental vulnerability and capacity to adapt to the effects of climate
change. Climate change effects such as hunger, poverty and diseases like diarrhea and malaria,
disproportonately impact a person.

How is the world responding to climate change and global warming?

The world is dealing with climate change and global warming using two strategies – mitigation
and adaptation.

 Mitgaton involves reducing carbon dioxide gas emissions and stopping the problem of
climate change from growing.

-Burning less fossil fuel (coal, oil and natural gas)

 -Producing more renewable energy from technologies such as wind, solar and hydro
power.

- Plant more trees and prevent the destructon of existng forests. Our forests help to
absorb the build-up of carbon dioxide, a major greenhouse gas, in the atmosphere.

 Adaptaton involves learning how to live with existng climate change and protectng
ourselves from the future effects of climate change.

-Farmers growing drought resistant crops and learning new ways to care for the soil.

-Teaching citzens in developing countries to swim in order to survive a flood or storm.

-Creatng moving homes, shops and schools onto boats

- To protect against sea level rise and increased flooding, communites might build
seawalls or relocate buildings to higher ground.

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https://www.nasa.gov/audience/forstudents/k-4/stories/nasa-knows/what-is-climate-
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www.bgs.ac.uk/discoveringGeology/climateChange/general/causes.html

Bradford, A., & Pappas, S. (2017, August 12). Effects of Global Warming Retrieved August 11,
2018 from

https://www.google.com.ph/amp/s/amp.livescience.com/37057-global-warming-
effects.html

How is the world Responding to Climate Change?(n.d) Retrieved August 15, 2018 from

https://www.worldivision.com.au>docs
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https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/Nabiilah/causes-and-effects-of-climate-change

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Coal_mining

Wikipedia contributors. (n.d). Fossil Fuels. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved
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https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/fossil_fuel.htm

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Industrial_processes

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https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:History/Deforestation

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