THE SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPH WRITING

 The sentence: A sentence is a group of words consisting of at

least a subject and a predicate, and expresses a complete idea.
The subject of a sentence may consists of only one word or a
word with modifiers, and the predicate may contain a verb alone
or a verb with modifiers.
 However, sometimes a group of words may look like a sentence,
but it is not, because it may not have a subject or the main verb
(predicate), or both.
 Examples:
a. Many people are waiting in line to buy fertilizers, pesticides,
and seeds.
b. Many people waiting in line to buy fertilizers, pesticides, and
seeds.

Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1

The Sentences and Paragraph Writing
a. The cassava and sweet potato grow very well on sandy
soils with adequate water supply.
b. On sandy soils with adequate water supply.

a. He is giving instructions to the students doing field works

near the glasshouse.
b. To the students doing field works near the glasshouse.

Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1

The Sentence and Paragraph Writing
 Paragraph: A paragraph is a group of sentences that has a topic
sentence, a controlling idea with a list of ideas, and a conclusion,
and the main objective is to convey the central idea clearly and
effectively.
 Recognizing and knowing your sentences thoroughly is very
important first step because the sentences are the basic elements
to construct a paragraph.
 Central idea: not too broad, and must go into details of the
subject matters, focus on one aspect of topics.
Example:
 the use of pesticides in plant protection programme (too broad)
 It is important to consider the hazards which can occur because
of pesticide use (limited into central idea)
Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1
The Sentence and Paragraph Writing
 Structure of Paragraph: A paragraph should contain three
main parts, i.e. the topic sentence, list of ideas, and a
conclusion.
 A topic sentence is a sentence showing what the paragraph
is about, (control and clarify the whole paragraph). A topic
sentence normally is placed at the beginning of the
paragraph, and it is often the first sentence in the
paragraph.
 A topic sentence must fulfill two requirements: 1) it must
have a subject, i.e. what we are talking about, and 2) it must
have a controlling idea, i.e. what we are saying about the
subject.
Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1
The Sentence and Paragraph Writing
 Outline: consists of a list of ideas which support controlling idea.
 Conclusion: restatement of the topic sentence in the different
words.
 Topic sentence: Irrigation system help farmers in rural areas.
 List of ideas :
1.opening employment opportunities
2.farmer’s utilization of land to its maximum capacity
3.two or three harvests a year
4.not dependent on seasons
5.simultaneous planting season to fight insects
 Conclusion: Therefore, irrigation is, indeed, beneficial to
farmers.

Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1

The Sentence and Paragraph Writing
 Form and organization of paragraph: In the outline you
simply write down a list of ideas that will be developed to
support the topic sentence. Thus, a paragraph has three
parts: a topic sentence or introduction, a discussion, which
contains the development of the controlling idea to
support the topic sentence, and a conclusion, which is a
restatement of the topic sentence in different words.

Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1

Assignment
 Topic Sentence: Rubber has helped to create our present
day modern civilization.
 Outline:
- rubber is used in transportation and electricity.
- eighty percent of the component of automotive industry is
rubber.
- rubber is used in transmission, conveyer belts and tires.
- rubber is used in footwear and cable insulation.
- rubber is used in coated fabrics to obtain waterproof
properties.
 Conclusion: Thus, it can be said that we owe much of our
present modern life to rubber.

Rikky Herdiyansyah SP., MSc Bahasa inggris S1