Industrial Systems

Digital Generator
Protection System
• Microprocessor Based
Protection, Control and
Monitoring System
• Waveform Sampling
• User Friendly
• GE/Hydro Quebec Joint
Development

1
Industrial Systems

2
 Industrial Systems

System Overview
• Multiple Microprocessors
• Sampling Rate = 12 Samples/Cycle
• 20 MHz Operation
• Auto Gain Change A/D Converter
DSP’S MICROPROCESSORS
3-TMS320 2-80C186
8 CURRENTS
ANALOG
FILTER
TO REMOTE
AND
4 VOLTAGES DIGITAL PC
MUX
CONVERTER
MMI

TIME SYNCH 4 TRIP

(IRIG-B) RELAYS
DIGITAL
6 CONTACT INPUTS/
INPUTS OUTPUTS
11 AUXILIARY
RELAYS

3
 Industrial Systems

Applications
• For Small, Medium and
Large Generator
Protection
• Suitable for Variety of
Prime-Movers - Gas,
Steam, Hydro Turbines
• Most Commonly Used
Protection Functions
Packaged in a
Standard Modular
Case

4
 Industrial Systems

Protective Functions
(87G)
• Stator Differential (87G)
– Variable Slope Characteristic
• 100% Stator Ground Fault (64G)
– Two Overlapping Zones
– 95% with Fundamental Neutral OV
– 15% with 3rd Harmonic Comparator X (40)
– or 15% with 27TN Function (Special) R
• Time Overcurrent Offset = X’d
2
with Voltage Restraint (51V) Diameter =
1.0 pu
• Current Unbalance (46)
– Negative Sequence Overcurrent - I22t
– Linear Reset Characteristic
Diameter =
• Loss of Excitation (40) Xd

– Two Zones of Off-Set Mho

5
 Industrial Systems

Protective Functions (Cont.)

(24)
VOLTS/HERTZ (%)
• Overexcitation or V/Hz (24) 140
Transformer Limit Curve on
Generator Voltage Base

– Inverse Characteristic
130 Generator Manufacturer’s
– Instantaneous with Time Delay Recommended Protection Curve

120
• Reverse Power (32)
– Two Levels 110

Relay Characteristic
• Under/Over Frequency (81) 100

– Multiple Steps (2-4)

– Undervoltage Cutoff Feature .01 0.1 1.0 10
TIME (MINUTES)
100

• Overvoltage (59)
– Inverse Characteristic
• Undervoltage (27)
• Neutral Overcurrent (51GN)

6
 Industrial Systems

Additional Protective Features

• Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure (VTFF)
– Internal or External
– Block 40 and 51V functions
Overcurrent
(voltage restraint) AND 51V

VTFF+DI6
FD

Loss of Excitation
Zone 1 AND TL12 40-1

Loss of Excitation
Zone 2 AND TL13 40-2
DI6
OR
Ext. VTFF
ENA
V2 > 15V PU
DO DIS SELV2SUP
PU=3 Samples
DO=5 Samples

7
Industrial Systems
Adaptive Sampling Interval -
30.5 - 79.5 Hz
Frequency vs Sensitivity
DGP Relay System
64G1
12

11

10

9
32
8
Relative Sensitivity

5
24
4 Fixed Sampling Rate
of 12 Samples/ Cycle
32
3
59 46
2

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110
System Frequency (Hz)
8
 Industrial Systems

Additional Protective Features

• Accidental Energization Logic

50 (51V Pickup Flag) AND AND AE

VTFF

V1 < 30V AND

OR PU
DI1 - GEN. DO
PU=5 sec
OFF-LINE OR
DO=0.25 sec

AE ARM AND

• Sequential Trip Logic

Reverse Pwr.
No. 1
INLET VALVE
CLOSED AND OR AND TL1 32-1

Seq. Trip Enabled

DI1 - GEN.
OFF-LINE SELBKDI1
9
 Industrial Systems

Inputs
• (8) Currents • IRIG-B Time Synchronization
– Ia, Ib, Ic, In • (6) Digital Inputs
(Neutral Side) – Two External Trip (DI3,
– Ia, Ib, Ic, In DI4)
(System Side) – Generator Off-Line
• (4) Voltages Indication (AE)
– Va, Vb, Vc – Turbine Inlet Valve Close
(Wye or Open Delta) Indication (Sequential
– Vng Trip)
(Neutral Ground Xfmr) – Oscillography Trigger
– External VT Fuse Failure

10
 Industrial Systems

Outputs
• (4) Trip Relays
– Two From A Contacts Each
– Configurable
• (11) Auxiliary Relays
– One Form C Contact Each
– Four Configurable Alarm Contacts (74A, 74B, 74C, 74D)
– Pre-defined Alarm Contacts
• Critical Self-Test Alarm
• Non Critical Self-Test Alarm
• VT Fuse Failure Alarm
• Test Pickup Indication
• Test Trip Indication
• Loss of Power Supply No. 1
• Loss of Power Supply No. 2 11
Industrial Systems

Simplified Logic Diagram

Stator Differential (87G)

Accidental Energization (AE) TRIP A

OR
94G
Reverse Pwr.(32-1, 32-2)
Overvoltage (59) TRIP B
OR
94G1
Undervoltage (27)

Overcurrent with voltage restraint (51V) TRIP C

OR
94G2
Current Unbalance - Trip, Alarm (46T, 46A)

Loss of Excitation (40-1, 40-2) TRIP D

OR
94G3

CONFIGURABLE LOGIC
Stator Ground - Zone 1, 2 (64G1, 64-2)

ALARM
Neutral Overcurrent (51GN) OR
74A

Overexcitation, Trip (24T)

Generator On-Line ALARM
OR
74B
Overexcitation, Trip (24T)
Generator Off-Line ALARM
OR
74C
Under Frequency (81-1U, 2U,3U,4U)

Over Frequency (81-1O, 2O,3O,4O) ALARM

OR
74D
12
Industrial Systems

Monitoring

• Present Values
• Trip Circuit Monitor
• Fault Reports (Last 3 Faults)
• Sequence of Events
(Last 100 Events)
• Self Tests

13
 Industrial Systems

Present Value Monitoring

• Currents
– System and Neutral Side (Ia, Ib, Ic, In)
– Negative Sequence
• Voltages
– Va, Vb, Vc
– % 3rd Harmonic Voltage (Phase and Neutral)
• Megawatts
• Mvars
• Frequency
• Status of Digital
Scroll Inputsor Display Selected Parameters
on Command

14
Industrial Systems

Trip Circuit Monitor

• Trip Voltage Monitor

– Normal Condition
– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,
94G3)
• Trip Current Monitor
– Trip Condition
– Four Trip Circuits (94G, 94G1, 94G2,
94G3)
– Seal-in of Output Relay

• Disable/Enable Feature

15
 Industrial Systems

Communications
• Local MMI (Standard)
– 2 Level Password Protection
– 16 LED Alphanumeric
Display
– Keypad with 20 Keys
– Separate Function Keys for
• Settings
• Action
• Information
– 19 LED Targets
– Status LED
– Local Printer Port
(AA, CA models)

16
 Industrial Systems

Communications
[-] DGP COMMUNICATIONS 1.35
Relay Functions Local Functions Setup Help
• Remote Access
Login
Logout – Via RS232 & “DGP-LINK”
Change access level
Hang up phone
Software
Actions . . . – Front and Rear RS232 Ports
Information . . .
Settings . . . – 3 Level Password Protection
• Access to:
– Present Values
– Fault Report
Phone disconnected – Sequence of Events
– Oscillography
– Manual Control
– Relay Settings

17
 Industrial Systems

Present Values

• Currents
GEN Simulator DGP 0000
PRESENT VALUES
• Voltages
Station ID:MALVERN

Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR

• Watts
10/28/9314:37:23:446 • Vars
IAS: 5696.0 A -014 DEGS
IBS: 5488.0 A -142 DEGS
VAN:
VBN:
008.5 KV
008.1 KV
000 DEGS
-118 DEGS
• Frequency
ICS: 4864.0 A 104 DEGS VCN: 008.2 KV 122 DEGS
IAR: 5680.0 A -014 DEGS
IBR: 5456.0 A -142 DEGS
• Negative Sequence
ICR: 4880.0 A 104 DEGS
NEGATIVE SEQ CURRENT: 08.1 %
Current
3RD HARM PH: 00.1 % 3RD HARM N: 03.7%

WATTS: +126.33 MWATT VARS: +041.95 MVAR

• 3rd Harmonic Voltage
GEN OFF-LIN: OPEN INLET VLV: OPEN • Status of Digital Inputs
DIG IN 3: OPEN DIG IN 4: OPEN
OSC TRIG: OPEN EXT VTFF: OPEN

FREQ: 60.00 SAMPLING FREQ: 720.0

18
 Industrial Systems

Fault Report
Gen Simulator DGP 0000
FAULT REPORT ! Prefault
Station ID:MALVERN – Currents
Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR
– Voltages
FAULT#: 02
– Watts
FAULT DATE: 08/09/93 TRIP TIME: 05:10:37:829
FAULT TYPE: ABC – Vars
TRIP TYPE: 87G SYSTEM OPERATING TIME: 000008
– Frequency
PREFAULT FAULT
-------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------ ! Post Fault
IAS: 0128.0 A IAS: 014672 A IAR: 015664 A
IBS: 0208.0 A IBS: 015264 A IBR: 016704 A – Currents
ICS: 0080.0 A ICS: 013600 A ICR: 014960 A
INS: 0048.0 A INR: 0384.0 A
– Voltages
VAN: 010.2 KV – Trip Targets
VBN: 010.2 KV VAN: 693.0 V
VCN: 010.0 KV VBN: 693.0 V – Operating Time
VCN: 679.4 V
FREQ: 60.00 VN: 047.0 V ! Selected Events
WATTS: +1888.5 KWATT
VARS: +3777.0 KVAR
! Last 3 Faults Stored
05:10:37.834 87G PHASE A ON
05:10:37.834 87G PHASE B ON

19
 Industrial Systems

Sequence of Events
GEN Simulator DGP 0000
Events • Operational Events
Station ID:MALVERN – Setting Changes
Generator ID:MODEL GENERATOR
– Fault Data
10/29/93 14:39:54:971 94G TRIP CIRCUIT OPEN ALARM ON
10/29/93 14:33:35:661 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL RESET – Status
10/29/93 14:33:35:660 32-1 OFF
10/29/93 14:33:35:639 32-2 OFF • Diagnostic Self-Test Events
10/29/93 14:33:34:396 32-1 ON
10/29/93 14:33:31:997 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED – Warning (Non-Critical
10/29/93 14:33:28:423 GENERATOR OFF-LINE
10/29/93 14:33:26:452 94G2 TRIP SIGNAL ON Alarm)
10/29/93 14:33:26:451 32-2 ON
10/29/93
10/29/93
14:27:09:878 GENERATOR ON-LINE
14:27:04:968 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN
– Failure (Critical Alarm)
10/29/93 14:26:54:263 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL RESET
10/29/93 14:26:54:262 64G1 OFF
• Time Tagged to 1ms
10/29/93
10/29/93
14:26:50:911 TURBINE INLET VALUE CLOSED
14:26:47:584 GENERATOR OFF-LINE
Resolution
10/29/93
10/29/93
14:26:42:604 94G3 TRIP SIGNAL ON
14:26:42:603 64G1 ON
• Last 100 Events Stored
10/29/93 14:25:44:444 GENERATOR ON-LINE
10/29/93 14:25:38:202 TURBINE INLET VALUE OPEN • Available at Communication
10/28/93
10/28/93
16:32:31:642 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE DONE
16:32:30:882 REMOTE - SETTINGS CHANGE STARTED
Port or at Printer Port

20
 Industrial Systems

Sequence of Events
• Events Include:
– Trip Signal ON / RESET
– Protection Function ON / OFF
– Digital Input Status
– VT Fuse Failure Alarm ON / OFF
– Trip Circuit Open Alarm ON / OFF
– Trip Circuit ENERGIZED / NOT ENERGIZED
– Password Changed
– ENABLE / DISABLE Outputs
– Setting Change START / DONE
– Failure Messages (Critical Self-Test Alarm)
– Warning Messages (Non-Critical Self-Test Alarm)

21
 Industrial Systems

Oscillography Data

! Currents and Voltages

! Digital Flags
! Internal and External
Oscillography Triggering
! 120 Cycles of Storage
Capability
! Up to 20 Cycles Prefault
Data
! Up to 3 Trip Event Captures
! ASCII File Format
(Readable by
EXCEL/LOTUS/DGP-DATA)
! Fault Report and Settings
Saved for Each Fault

22
 Industrial Systems

Hardware and Packaging

• Testing and Trouble Shooting
– Optional MOD-10 Modular Test and Connection Plugs
for Current/Voltage Injection

• Draw-Out Modular Construction

– Plug-In Modules for Test and Maintenance
– Removable Door
– Target Clearing Through Door

• Self-Test Diagnostics
– Critical Alarm
– Non-Critical Alarm

23
 Industrial Systems

Nomenclature Selection Guide

DGP* * * A * *
1 1 AMP Rated
5 5 AMP Rated
0 One power supply, 48 Vdc
1 One power supply, 110/125 Vdc
2 One power supply, 220/250 Vdc
3 Two power supplies, 48 Vdc
4 Two power supplies, 110/125 Vdc
5 Two power supplies, 220/250 Vdc
A With Test Blocks
B Without Test Blocks
A Future Use
A Function Group A See
B Function Group B DGP Selection
C Function Group C Guide
A Revision Level

24
 Industrial Systems
DGP Selection Guide
FUNCTIONS & FEATURES A B C
Stator Differential 87G X X X
Current Unbalance 46 X X X
Loss of Excitation 40-1, 40-2 X X X
Anti-motoring 32 2 Setpoints 1 Setpoint 2 Setpoints
OC - voltage restraint 51V X X X
Stator Ground 64G1 (Fundamental OV) X X X
Stator Ground 64G2 (3rd Harm. Comparator) X - X
Neutral OC 51GN - X X
Over Excitation 24 (Volts/Hz) X X X
Over Voltage 59 X X X
Under Voltage 27 - X X
Under Frequency 81-U 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 Setpoints
Over Frequency 81-O 4 Setpoints 2 Setpoints 4 Setpoints
Accidental Energization Logic X X X
Sequential Trip Logic X X X
Voltage Transformer Fuse Failure VTFF X X X
Oscillography Data Capture X - X
Communication Ports 2-RS232 2-RS232 2-RS232
Printer Output X - X
IRIG-B Input X - X

Example: DGP54BACA - DGP rated 5 amperes, 50/60 Hz, 110/125 VDC redundant
power
supplies, no built-in test blocks, function group A, revision A.
25