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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
Chapter 1
1-1*
From a free-body diagram of the forearm,
the equilibrium equations give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T − F − W − 20 = 0
4 ΣM F = 0 : 1.5T − 5.5W − 11.5 ( 20 ) = 0
T = 3.667W + 153.33 lb ............................... Ans.
F = 2.667W + 133.33 lb ............................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-2*
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : T2 cos10° − T1 sin10° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T1 cos10° − T2 sin10° − 175 ( 9.81) = 0
are solved to get
T1 = 5.67128T2
T1 = 1799 N .............................................................................. Ans.
T2 = 317 N ................................................................................ Ans.
T3 = 175 ( 9.81) = 1717 N ....................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-3
The equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : N A sin 30° − N B sin 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N A cos 30° + N B cos 30° − 800 = 0
are solved to get
N A = NB
N A = 462 lb 60° ................................................................ Ans.
N B = 462 lb 60° ................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-4*
The equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − N B sin 45o = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + N B cos 45o − 300 = 0
Ax = 300 N Ay = 0 N
A = 300 N → ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-5
The equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 250 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A − 3 ( 250 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 lb Ay = 250 lb
A = 250 lb ↑ .....................................................Ans.
M A = 750 lb ⋅ ft 4 .................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-6
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 10 − 15 + N F = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 9 N F − 3 (10 ) − 6 (15 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 kN
Ay = 11.6667 kN ↑
N F = 13.3333 kN ↑
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section of the truss,
the equations of equilibrium
4 ΣM C = 0 : 3 (13.3333) − 3TDE = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : 3TBC − 3 (15 ) + 6 (13.3333) = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 13.3333 − 15 − TCD cos 45o = 0
are solved to get
TDE = 13.33 kN (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.
TBC = −11.67 kN = 11.67 kN (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
TCD = −2.36 kN = 2.36 kN (C) ...................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-7*
4 ΣM A = 0 : 27 N F − 13 ( 33cos15° ) + 4 ( 35sin15° ) = 0
N F = 14.93561 lb ≅ 14.94 lb 75° ............. Ans.
Z ΣFx = 0 : P cos 30° − 35sin15° = 0
P = 10.46005 lb ≅ 10.46 lb 15° ................ Ans.
^ ΣFy = 0 : N R + N F − P sin 30° − 35cos15° = 0
N R = 24.1 lb 75° .......................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-8
↑ ΣFy = 0 : P + 4060 − 5210 = 0
P = 1150 N .......................................................................................Ans.
4 ΣM A = 0 : C − 16 ( 4060 ) − 37 ( 5210 ) = 0
C = 257, 730 N ⋅ mm ≅ 258 N ⋅ m ...............................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-9*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 10 − 20 + N E = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 45 N E − 15 (10 ) − 30 ( 20 ) = 0
are solved to get
Ax = 0 kip
Ay = 13.3333 kip ↑
N E = 16.6667 kip ↑
Then, from a free-body diagram of the right hand section
of the truss, the equations of equilibrium
4 ΣM F = 0 : 15 N E + 15 (TDE sin 30° ) = 0
4 ΣM E = 0 : 15 ( 20 ) − 15 (TCF sin 60° ) = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 22.5 N E − 7.5 ( 20 ) − (15cos 30° ) TFG = 0
are solved to get
TCD = −33.3333 kip ≅ 33.3 kip (C) ............................................................................... Ans.
TCF = +23.094 kip ≅ 23.1 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
TFG = +17.32 kip = 17.32 kip (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-10*
W = 2000 ( 9.81) = 19, 620 N
Z ΣFx = 0 : P − W sin 30° = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 2 (W sin 30° ) − 2 (W cos 30° ) + 3 N F − 1P = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : N R + N F − W cos 30° = 0
P = 9810 N = 9.81 kN 30° ............................... Ans.
N R = 8933.806 N ≅ 8.93 kN 60° .................... Ans.
N F = 8057.612 N ≅ 8.06 kN 60° ................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-11
From a free-body diagram of the brake pedal, the equilibrium
equations are solved to get the forces
4 ΣM A = 0 : 5.5Q − ( 30 cos 30° )(11) − ( 30sin 30° )( 4 ) = 0
Q = 62.871 lb
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − Q + 30 cos 30° = 0
Ax = 36.890 lb
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 30sin 30° = 0
Ay = 15.00 lb
A = 39.8 lb 22.13° ........................................................... Ans.
Q = 62.9 lb ← ........................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-12*
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces and moment
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 2 = 0
Ay = 2 kN
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A − 2 ( 4) − 3 = 0
M A = 11 kN ⋅ m
A = 2 kN ↑ ................................................................................................................................ Ans.
M A = 11 kN ⋅ m 4 ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-13
From a free-body diagram of the beam, the equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 15 B − 3 ( 500 ) − 6 ( 800 )
− 9 ( 700 ) − 12 ( 400 ) = 0
B = 1160 lb
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + B − 500 − 800 − 700 − 400 = 0
Ay = 1240 lb
A = 1240 lb ↑ ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
B = 1160 lb ↑ ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-14
W = 450 ( 9.81) = 4414.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the lower pulley,
vertical equilibrium equation gives the tension
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2T1 − 4414.50 = 0
T1 = 2207.25 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper pulley,
moment equilibrium equation gives the force F
4 ΣM axle = 0 : 100T1 − 90T1 − 100 F = 0
F = 221 N ............................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-15*
From a free-body diagram of the bracket, the equilibrium equations
4 ΣM A = 0 : 18 B − (12 )(10 ) 2 (12 3) = 0
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + B = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − (12 )(10 ) 2 = 0
Are solved to get the forces
B = 13.333 lb
Ax = −13.333 lb Ay = 60.0 lb
A = 61.464 lb ≅ 61.5 lb 77.47° ..................................... Ans.
B = 13.33 lb → ....................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-16
(a) From a free-body diagram of the plane, the force
equilibrium equations are solved to get the forces
→ ΣFx = 0 : V − 40 cos 70° − 70 cos16° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N − 40sin 70° − 70sin16° = 0
V = 81.0 N .........................................Ans.
N = 56.882 N ≅ 56.9 N .................Ans.
(b) Then the moment equilibrium equation gives
the required location of the normal force
4 ΣM A = 0 : ( 70 cos16° )( 75) − ( 70sin16° )( 280 ) + Nd
+ ( 40 cos 70° )( 60 ) − ( 40sin 70° )( 60 ) = 0
d = 31.5 mm
31.5 mm (from the left end of plane) ....................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-17*
4 ΣM A = 0 : 1.25 N D − 9 ( 25 ) = 0
N D = 180.0 lb ....................................Ans.
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + N D sin 38° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 25 − N D cos 38° = 0
Ax = −110.8 lb Ay = 166.8 lb
A = 200.3 lb 56.4° ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-18*
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
moment equilibrium gives
→ ΣFx = 0 : FA cos θ + Bx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FA sin θ − 100 + By = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 93 (100 ) − 28 ( FA sin θ ) + 5 ( FA cos θ ) = 0
30
θ = tan −1 = 30.964°
50
FA = 919.116 N
Bx = −788.136 N By = −372.881 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-19
Use W = 3750 lb (the weight carried by one truss). Then by symmetry (or from equilibrium of a free-body
diagram of the entire truss) each support carries half of the total weight
E y = Ay = W 2 = 1875 lb
Also by symmetry (or equilibrium of a free-body diagram of the truck), the truck’s weight is divided equally
between its front and rear wheels.
N F = N R = W 2 = 1875 lb
Then equilibrium of the floor panel between pins G and H gives
4 ΣM H = 0 : 10G1 − 4 (1875 ) = 0
G1 = 750 lb
4 ΣM G = 0 : 6 (1875 ) − 10 H1 = 0
H1 = 1125 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of a section of the left side of the truss
5 8
θ = tan −1 = 26.565° φ = tan −1 = 38.660°
10 10
4 ΣM B = 0 : 8TGH − 5 (1875 ) = 0
TGH = 1171.875 lb
4 ΣM G = 0 : −15 (1875 ) − 8 (TBC cos θ ) − 10 (TBC sin θ ) + 10 (1125 ) = 0
TBC = −1451.295 lb ≅ 1451 lb (C) ............................................. Ans.
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 1875 + TBC sin θ − TBG sin φ − 1125 = 0
TBG = +161.6 lb = 161.6 lb (T) ................................................... Ans.
Finally, from a free-body diagram of pin C
→ ΣFx = 0 : TCD cos θ − TBC cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −TBC sin θ − TCD sin θ − TCG = 0
TCD = −1451.295 lb
TCG = +1298 lb = 1298 lb (T) ...................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-20*
Cut a section through CD, DG, and FG, and draw a free-body diagram
of the upper-portion of the truss. The equilibrium equations give
4 ΣM G = 0 : ( 5cos 30° )( 9 ) − ( 5sin 30° )( 4 ) + TCD ( 3) = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : ( 5cos 30° )( 6 ) − TFG ( 3) = 0
TCD = −9.66 kN = 9.66 kN (C) ................... Ans.
TFG = 8.66 kN (T) .......................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-21
A free-body diagram of cylinder A gives
→ ΣFx = 0 : N AB cos 60° − N AC cos 60° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N AB sin 60° + N AC sin 60° − 100 = 0
N AB = N AC = 57.73503 lb
Then, from a free-body diagram of cylinder B
→ ΣFx = 0 : B sin θ − N AB cos 60° − N BC = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : B cos θ − N AB sin 60° − 200 = 0
The minimum force occurs when N BC = 0 , therefore
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-22
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
From a free-body diagram of the pulley
→ ΣFx = 0 : T cos φ − T cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T sin φ + T sin θ − 2452.50 = 0
φ =θ
From the geometry of the cable
a + b = 42 m
( a + b ) cos θ = 40 m
40
θ = cos −1 = 17.7528°
42
Also from the geometry of the cable
h = a sin θ = 6 + b sin θ
Therefore
( a − b ) = 6 sin θ = 19.67789 m
which together with a + b = 42 m gives
a = 30.83895 m b = 11.16105 m
x = a cos θ = 29.4 m ...................................................................... Ans.
T = 4020 N ...................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-23*
Max pull occurs when either the rear wheels begin to slip B = 0.8 By ( ) or when the front wheels start to lift off the
( )
ground Ay = 0 . The force which makes the front wheels lift off of the ground is
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-24
Divide the weight by 2 since there are two frames
W = 200 ( 9.81) 2 = 981 N
Then from a free-body diagram of the drum
→ ΣFx = 0 : N1 cos 45° − N 2 cos 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 0.4 N1 sin 45° + N 2 sin 45° − 981 = 0
N1 = N 2 = 693.672 N ≅ 694 N ................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-25*
The components of the three tension forces are
20i + 30 j − 50k
TA = TA
202 + 302 + 502
= 0.32444TAi + 0.48666TA j − 0.81111TAk
16i − 25 j − 50k
TB = TB
162 + 252 + 502
= 0.27517TB i − 0.42995TB j − 0.85990TB k
−25i − 15 j − 50k
TC = TC
252 + 152 + 502
= −0.43193TC i − 0.25916TC j − 0.86387TC k
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: 0.32444TA + 0.27517TB − 0.43193TC = 0
y: 0.48666TA − 0.42995TB − 0.25916TC = 0
z: −0.81111TA − 0.85990TB − 0.86387TC + 900 = 0
TA = 418.214 lb ≅ 418 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TB = 205.219 lb ≅ 205 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC = 444.876 lb ≅ 445 lb .................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-26*
The components of the forces are
W = −100 ( 9.81) k = −981k N
4i − 8 j + 5k
TA = TA
4 2 + 82 + 5 2
= 0.39036TAi − 0.78072TA j + 0.48795TAk
−6i − 8 j + 5k
TB = TB
6 2 + 8 2 + 52
= −0.53666TB i − 0.71554TB j + 0.44721TB k
8 j + 5k
TC = TC = 0.84800TC j + 0.53000TC k
82 + 5 2
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: 0.39036TA − 0.53666TB = 0
y: −0.78072TA − 0.71554TB + 0.84800TC = 0
z: 0.48795TA + 0.44721TB + 0.53000TC − 981 = 0
TA = 603.139 N ≅ 603 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TB = 438.716 N ≅ 439 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
TC = 925.473 N ≅ 925 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-27
From a free-body diagram of pin A
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAF cos 45° − TAB cos 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 20 − TAB sin 45° − TAF sin 45° = 0
TAB = TAF = 14.14214 lb ≅ 14.14 lb .................................... Ans.
Finally from a free-body diagram of BCD
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAB cos 45° + Cx + Dx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB sin 45° + C y − Dy = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 2 Dx − 1.5 (10 ) − 2 (TAB cos 45° ) − 1(TAB sin 45° ) = 0
where by symmetry (or from overall equilibrium)
Dy = 20 2 = 10 lb ↓
and then
Cx = −32.500 lb ≅ 32.5 lb ← C y = 0 lb
Dx = 22.500 lb ≅ 22.5 lb →
C = 32.5 lb ← ................................................................................. Ans.
D = 24.6 lb 24.0° ..................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-28
From a free body diagram of the wheel and arm BC
→ ΣFx = 0 : TCD + Bx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2700 − By = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : −150 ( 2700 ) − 325TCD = 0
Bx = 1246 N By = 2700 N
B = 2970 N 65.2° (on AB) ....................................................... Ans.
TCD = −1246.154 N ≅ 1246 N (C) ............................................. Ans.
Then from a free-body diagram of the arm AB (and assuming that the
spring pushes perpendicularly against the arm)
4 ΣM A = 0 : −100 (1246.154 ) − 500 ( 2700 ) + bFS = 0
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − 1246.154 + FS sin φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2700 − FS cos φ + Ay = 0
50
φ = tan −1 = 11.310°
250
b = 502 + 2502 = 254.951 mm
FS = 5783.92 N ≅ 5780 N (C) .................................................... Ans.
Ax = 111.827 N Ay = 2971.60 N
A = 2970 N 87.8° .................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-29*
First equilibrium of an overall free-body diagram gives
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − 100 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 200 − Ay = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 12 N F − 24 (100 ) = 0
Ax = 100 lb Ay = 200 lb
N F = 200 lb
A = 224 lb 63.4° ...............................Ans.
Then from a free-body diagram of the bar ABCD
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + Cx − FBE cos 45° − 100 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + FE sin 45° − Ay = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : −18 Ax + 6 ( FBE cos 45° ) − 6 (100 ) = 0
Cx = 400 lb C y = −200 lb
FBE = 565.685 lb ≅ 566 lb 45° .................................. Ans.
C = 447 lb 26.6° ............................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-30 The total weight of water carried by each truss is
WT = 1000 ( 9.81)( 0.2 )( 3.6 )( 2 ) = 14,126.40 N
By symmetry (or overall equilibrium) the support reactions at A and F are
Ay = F = WT 2 = 7063.20 N
Pin E:
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TDE = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −TEF − 2354.40 = 0
TEF = −2354.40 N
Pin A:
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAH + TAC cos θ = 0 TAH = 3531.60 N
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 7063.20 + ( −2354.40 ) + TAC sin θ = 0 TAC = −5886.00 N
Pin H:
→ ΣFx = 0 : TGH − ( 3531.60 ) = 0 TGH = 3531.60 N
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TCH = 0
Pin C:
→ ΣFx = 0 : TCD + TCG cos θ − ( −5886 ) cos θ − ( 0 ) = 0 TCD = −3531.60 N
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −4708.80 − ( −5886 ) sin θ − ( 0 ) − TCG sin θ = 0 TCG = 0 N
Pin G:
→ ΣFx = 0 : TFG − ( 3531.60 ) − ( 0 ) cos θ = 0 TFG = 3531.60 N
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 0 ) sin θ + TDG = 0 TDG = 0 N
Pin D:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −4708.80 − ( 0 ) − TDF sin θ = 0 TDF = −5886.00 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-30 (cont.)
The member forces are
AB: 2350 N (C) ...............................DE: 0 N ............................................................ Ans.
AC: 5890 N (C) ................................DF: 5890 N (C) .................................................... Ans.
AH: 3530 N (T) ................................DG: 0 N ............................................................ Ans.
BC: 0 N .......................................EF: 2350 N (C) .................................................... Ans.
CD: 3530 N (C) ................................FG: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.
CG: 0 N .......................................GH: 3530 N (T) .................................................... Ans.
CH: 0 N ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-31
The equations of equilibrium for the two blocks are
→ ΣFx = 0 : T sin θ − N 2 cos θ = 0
−T cos θ + N1 sin θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T cos θ + N 2 sin θ − 150 = 0
T sin θ + N1 cos θ − 200 = 0
Adding the second and third equation together gives
N1 sin θ + N 2 sin θ = 150
while subtracting the first equation from the last equation gives
N1 cos θ + N 2 cos θ = 200
Dividing these two equations gives
( N1 + N 2 ) sin θ = tan θ =
150
( N1 + N 2 ) cos θ 200
θ = 36.87°
N1 + N 2 = 250 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-32*
ABC is an equilateral triangle with a height of
h = 950sin 60° = 822.724 mm , and
W = −60 ( 9.81) k = −588.60k N
−475 j + 822.724k
FAB = FAB
950
= −0.50000 FAB j + 0.86603FAB k
Moment equilibrium about C
ΣM C = 0 : ( −0.95i ) × ( By j + Bz k )
( 0.95 j) × ( −0.50000 FAB j + 0.86603FABk )
+ ( −0.475i + 0.23750 j + 0.411362k ) × ( −588.6k ) = 0
has components
x: 0.82272 FAB − 139.7925 = 0
y: 0.95Bz − 279.585 = 0
z: 0 − 0.95By = 0
FAB = 169.915 N ≅ 169.9 N (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
By = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Bz = 294.300 N ≅ 294 N .................................................................................................... Ans.
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: Cx = 0
y: C y + ( 0 ) − 0.5 (169.915 ) = 0
z: 294.300 + Cz − 588.6 + 0.86603 (169.915 ) = 0
Cx = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
C y = 84.958 N ≅ 85.0 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
Cz = 147.15 N ≅ 147.2 N .................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-33
P = − Pj
Moment equilibrium about C
ΣM C = 0 :
( −50k ) × ( Dx i + Dy j)
+ ( −20k + 2.5i ) × ( −40 j)
+ (11k − 17.32051i + 10 j) × ( − Pj) = 0
has components
x: +50 Dy − 800 + 11P = 0
y: −50 Dx = 0
z: −100 + 17.32051P = 0
P = 5.77350 lb ≅ 5.77 lb ..................................................................................................... Ans.
Dx = 0 lb .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
Dy = 14.7298 lb ≅ 14.73 lb ................................................................................................. Ans.
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: Cx + 0 = 0 Cx = 0 lb ............................................ Ans.
y: C y + 14.7298 − 40 − 5.77350 = 0 C y = 31.044 lb ≅ 31.0 lb ............... Ans.
z: Cz = 0 Cz = 0 lb ............................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-34*
From a free-body diagram of the platform the equilibrium equations give
→ ΣFx = 0 : FAC cos θ − FBD cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAC sin θ + FBD sin θ − P = 0
FBD = FAC
P = 2 FAC sin θ
Then from a free-body diagram of the screw-block A,
the equilibrium equations give
→ ΣFx = 0 : 800 − FAC cos θ − FAE cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAE sin θ − FAC sin θ = 0
400
FAE = FAC =
cos θ
Therefore
θ = 15° FAC = 414.110 N P = 214 N .................... Ans.
θ = 30° FAC = 461.880 N P = 462 N .................... Ans.
θ = 45° FAC = 565.685 N P = 800 N .................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-35*
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − E = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 25 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 3 ( 25 ) − 21E = 0
Ax = E = 3.57143 lb
Ay = 25 lb
Assume that the weight of the seat back is very small compared to
the weight of the seat. Then the center of gravity of the seat and the
center of gravity of the entire chair are the same point. A free-body
diagram of the seat gives
→ ΣFx = 0 : TBD cos θ − Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + TBD sin θ − 25 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 3 ( 25 ) − 12 (TBD sin θ ) + 1(TBD cos θ ) = 0
10
in which θ = tan −1 = 39.806°
12
TBD = 10.8476 lb Cx = 4.76188 lb C y = 18.0555 lb
A = 25.3 lb 81.87° .......................................................................................................... Ans.
TBD = 10.85 lb 39.81° .................................................................................................... Ans.
C = 18.67 lb 75.23° ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-36
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + ( 500 × 3) + 750 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 900 + C = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 4C − ( 3 × 500 )( 3) − 4 ( 900 ) − 3 ( 750 ) = 0
C = 2587.50 N
Ax = −2250 N Ay = −1687.50 N
Next, draw a free-body diagram of the bar ABC. Note that the forces
Ax and Ay are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the support (the same
forces that are shown on the overall free-body diagram) and that the forces
FAx and FAy are the forces exerted on bar ABC by the bar
ADE. The equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + Bx − FAx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − FAy − By + C = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 4 ( 2587.50 ) − 2 By = 0
By = 5175.00 N FAy = −4275.00 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bar ADE
→ ΣFx = 0 : FAx + Dx + 750 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAy + Dy − 900 = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : 1.5 FAx − 2 ( −4275 )
−2 ( 900 ) − 1.5 ( 750 ) = 0
FAx = −3750 N
Dx = 3000 N Dy = 5175 N
A = 5690 N 48.7° ........................................................................................................... Ans.
D = 5980 N 59.9° ........................................................................................................... Ans.
E = 1170 N 50.2° ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-37
First draw a free-body diagram of the lower jaw,
and write the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : −C x = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : D − Cy − E = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : 3C y − 2 E = 0
Cx = 0
E = 1.5C y
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : 0 − Bx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 50 + C y − By = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 1C y − 20 ( 50 ) = 0
C y = 1000 lb
Bx = 0 lb By = 1050 lb
E = 1500 lb ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-38*
W = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N
2500 − 1875
cos θ = θ = 58.612°
1200
300 − 150sin θ
tan φ = φ = 5.466°
1875 − 150 cos θ
There are two rollers (one on each side of the door) at B and D,
hence the 2 N B and 2 N C on the free-body diagram
→ ΣFx = 0 : T cos φ − 2 N B = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T sin φ + 2 N C − 981 = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : (1050 cos θ )( 981) − (150 cos θ )( 2 NC ) − (1350sin θ )( 2 N B ) = 0
Substituting the first two equations into the third gives
(1050 cos θ )( 981) − (150 cos θ )( 981 − T sin φ ) − (1350sin θ )(T cos φ ) = 0
T = 403.455 N ≅ 403 N ...................................................................................................... Ans.
N B = 200.812 N ≅ 201 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
N C = 471.283 N ≅ 471 N ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-39*
(a) First draw an overall free-body diagram. The force of the
ground on the track of the crane is equivalent to a single
concentrated force N acting at some location on the treads.
As the load increases, the distance d gets smaller and
smaller. The maximum load that the crane can lift
corresponds to d = 0 . Then, summing moments about
the point where the normal force acts gives
9 (12, 000 ) − (12 cos 30° − 1)( 600 )
− ( 24 cos 30° − 1 + 1)(W ) = 0
W = 4930 lb ..................................................... Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the pulley at the end of the boom
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Bx − 3600 cos10° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : By − 3600 − 3600sin10° = 0
Bx = 3545.3079 lb
By = 4225.1334 lb
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the boom the equations of
equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − ( 3545.3079 ) − T cos10° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 600 − T sin10° − ( 4225.1334 ) = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 :
24 (T sin 20° ) + ( 24sin 30° )( 3545.3079 )
− (12 cos 30° )( 600 ) − ( 24 cos 30° )( 4225.1334 ) = 0
T = 6275.1466 lb ≅ 6280 lb ............................................................................................... Ans.
(c) Ax = 9725.1209 lb Ay = 5914.8012 lb
A = 11,380 lb 31.3° ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-40
From an overall free-body diagram, the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM A = 0 :
(1.8cos 30° ) P − ( 0.9sin 30° )( 2 )
− ( 2.7 sin 30° + 0.6sin 30° )(1)
− ( 2.7 sin 30° + 1.8sin 30° + 0.3)(10 ) = 0
P = 17.99 kN .......................................................... Ans.
Next, from a free-body diagram of the bucket,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Gx − TEI = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : G y − 10 = 0
4 ΣM G = 0 : (1.2 cos 30° ) TEI − 0.3 (10 ) = 0
TEI = 2.88675 kN ≅ 2.89 kN (T) ........................................ Ans.
Gx = 2.88675 kN G y = 10.00 kN
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the arm DEFG,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : ( 2.88675) − Dx − ( 2.88675) + FBF cos φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Dy − (10 ) − 1 + FBF sin φ = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : ( 0.6 cos 30° )( 2.88675) − ( 0.6sin 30° )(1)
+ (1.2 cos 30° )( FBF cos φ ) + (1.2sin 30° )( FBF sin φ )
− (1.8cos 30° )( 2.88675 ) − (1.8sin 30° )(10 ) = 0
in which
1.8cos 30° − 1.2 cos 30°
tan φ = φ = 19.107°
1.8sin 30° + 1.2sin 30°
FBF = 10.43807 kN ≅ 10.44 kN (C) .....................................Ans.
Dx = 9.86303 kN Dy = 7.58627 kN
D = 12.44 kN 37.6° ........................................................................................................ Ans.
G = 10.41 kN 73.9° ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-41
First draw a free-body diagram of the wheel. It is stated that
the pin B is at or near the surface of the wheel. Then, the
equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM axle = 0 : 2P − 2B = 0
P=B
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-42*
The weight of the bar AB is
W = 25 ( 9.81) = 245.25 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar AB,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : A sin 30° − B sin 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : A cos 30° + B cos 45° − W = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 0.5cos θ )W − (1cos θ )( A cos 30° )
+ (1sin θ )( A sin 30° ) = 0
Since sin 45° = cos 45° adding the first two equations together gives
A ( sin 30° + cos 30° ) = W
Substituting this result into the third equation gives
A ( cos 30° cos θ − sin 30° sin θ ) = 0.5cos θ A ( sin 30° + cos 30° )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-43
W = 25 ( 9.81) = 245.25 N
0.65 j + 0.95k
FCD = FCD
0.652 + 0.952
= 0.56468 FCD j + 0.82531FCD k
Moment equilibrium about B
ΣM B = 0 :
(1.2i ) × ( Ay j + Az k ) + ( 0.6i + 0.5 j) × ( −245.25k )
+ (1.6i + 0.65 j) × ( 0.56468 FCD j + 0.82531FCD k ) = 0
has components
x: −122.625 + 0.53645 FCD = 0
y: −1.2 Az + 147.150 − 1.32050 FCD = 0
z: 1.2 Ay + 0.90349 FCD = 0
FCD = 228.586 N ≅ 229 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
Ay = −172.104 N ≅ −172.1 N ............................................................................................ Ans.
Az = −129.915 N ≅ 129.9 N ............................................................................................... Ans.
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: Bx = 0
y: ( −172.104 ) + By + 0.56468 ( 228.586 ) = 0
z: ( −129.915) + Bz + 0.82531( 228.586 ) − 245.25 = 0
Bx = 0 N .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
By = 43.026 N ≅ 43.0 N ..................................................................................................... Ans.
Bz = 185.511 N ≅ 185.5 N .................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-44
From a free-body diagram of pipe A, the equations of equilibrium are
→ ΣFx = 0 : N A − FAB sin θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAB cos θ − 5 ( 9.81) = 0
where
b − 150
θ = sin −1
150
Therefore
49.05
FAB = N
cos θ
N A = FAB sin θ N
(a) N A < 50 N for b < 260 mm ..................Ans.
(b) FAB < 100 N for b < 280 mm ...............Ans.
(c) FAB < 200 N for b < 295 mm ...............Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-45
From a free-body diagram of the ring, the equations of equilibrium are
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAB sin φ − TBD cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB cos φ − TBD sin θ − 250 = 0
where
b
φ = sin −1
5
5 (1 − cos φ )
θ = sin −1
3
Therefore
TBD cos θ
TAB =
sin φ
250sin φ
TBD = lb
cos θ cos φ − sin θ sin φ
250 cos θ
TAB = lb
cos θ cos φ − sin θ sin φ
(a) bmax occurs when TBD goes negative
(after it goes to infinity);
bmax ≅ 3.90 ft ................................................... Ans.
(At this point, the rope will straight from D to B to A.)
(c) To pull further to the side, the worker needs a longer rope to pull on or he needs to attach
his rope lower - closer to the crate. .......................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-46
W = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.50 N
The cable is continuous, therefore the tension in the cable is continuous
(equal to the force P ); and from a free-body diagram of the pulley,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : P cos θ − P cos φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : P sin θ + P sin φ − W = 0
d
φ = θ = tan −1
1.5
W
P=
2sin θ
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-47
d d
θ AB = tan −1 θ BC = tan −1
20 10
Solving yields
75cos θ BC
TAB =
sin θ BC cos θ AB + cos θ BC sin θ AB
75cos θ AB
TBC =
sin θ BC cos θ AB + cos θ BC sin θ AB
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-48
W = 6800 ( 9.81) = 66, 708 N
From a free-body diagram of the truck,
the equilibrium equations are
→ ΣFx = 0 : P sin θ − Bx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + By − 66, 708 − P cos θ = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 66, 708 )( 2.4 ) − 4.4 Ay − ( P cosθ )(1.5)
− ( P sin θ )( 3) = 0
The fourth equation needed to solve for the four unknowns is either Ay = 0 (the front wheels are on the verge of
lifting off the ground) or Bx = 0.8 By (the rear wheels are on the verge of slipping). Guessing that the front wheels
are on the verge of lifting off the ground gives the solution
Ay = 0 N
66, 708 ( 2.4 )
P= N
1.5cosθ + 3sin θ
Bx = P sin θ N
By = 66, 708 + P cos θ N
The forces Bx and 0.8 By are plotted on the same
graph as the force P . Since Bx is always less than
0.8By , the guess that the front wheels are on the verge
of lifting off the ground was the correct guess, and the
solution is valid for all values of θ .
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-49
From a free-body diagram of the I-beam,
the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM D = 0 : 400 ( 3) + 1000 ( 7 − d ) + 6 F = 0
4 ΣM F = 0 : 6 D − 1000 ( d − 1) − 400 ( 3) = 0
1000 ( d − 1) + 1200
D=
6
1000 ( 7 − d ) + 1200
F=
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-50
From an overall free-body diagram of the light pole,
1.75 2.75 − b
θ = tan −1 φ = tan −1
b 5
the moment equation of equilibrium gives
4 ΣM A = 0 : 2 ( 7500 ) − 2.75 (TGH cos θ ) = 0
2 ( 7500 )
TGH =
2.75cos θ
It will be assumed that the cable DG supports the end of the
arm BG and that the connection of the horizontal arm BG to the
vertical pole ABCD exerts negligible moment on the arm.
(If the connection could provide a sufficient moment, then the
cable between D and G would not be necessary.)
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin G,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : FBG + TGH sin φ − TDG cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TDG sin θ − TGH cos φ = 0
TGH cos φ
TDG =
sin θ
cos φ cos θ − sin φ sin θ
FBG = TGH
sin θ
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-51
From an overall free-body diagram of the crane,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N − 12, 000 − 600 − W = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : ( 9 )(12, 000 ) − (12 cos θ − 1)( 600 )
− ( 24 cos θ − 1 + 1) W − Nd = 0
N = (12, 600 + W ) lb
108, 600 − ( 7200 + 24W ) cos θ
d= ft
12, 600 + W
(a) For W = 3600 lb
108, 600 − 93, 600 cos θ
d= ft
16, 200
T=
( 7200 + 24B ) cosθ − 24B sin θ
y x
24sin (θ − φ )
Ax = Bx + T cos φ
Ay = By + T sin φ + 600
A = Ax2 + Ay2
Note that the tension force becomes negative for
an angle of about 66° . Since negative forces in
the cable are not possible, the boom would topple
over onto the top of the cab of the crane if the
operator tried to lift higher than 66° .
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-51 (cont.)
(c) For d = 1 ft
108, 600 − ( 7200 + 24W ) cos θ
d= = 1 ft
12, 600 + W
96, 000 − 7200 cos θ
Wmax = lb
1 + 24 cos θ
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-52
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium gives
4 ΣM B = 0 : 6 (TBC sin 60° ) − ( 3cos θ ) W = 0
TBC =
( 2452.50 )( 3cos θ )
6sin 60°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-52 (cont.)
(b) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
moment equilibrium now gives
4 ΣM B = 0 : 6 (TBC sin 67.5° ) − ( 3cos θ ) W = 0
TBC =
( 2452.50 )( 3cos θ )
6sin 67.5°
Again, since the pin at A is frictionless and the weight of the brace
AC is neglected, the brace AC is a two-force member and from a
free-body diagram of the pin C, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 :
FAC cos ( 45° + θ ) + TBC cos ( 67.5° − θ ) − TCD cos ( 22.5° − θ ) = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 :
FAC sin ( 45° + θ ) − TBC sin ( 67.5° − θ ) + TCD sin ( 22.5° − θ ) = 0
sin ( 67.5° − θ ) cos ( 22.5° − θ ) − cos ( 67.5° − θ ) sin ( 22.5° − θ )
FAC = TBC
sin ( 45° + θ ) cos ( 22.5° − θ ) + cos ( 45° + θ ) sin ( 22.5° − θ )
FAC cos ( 45° + θ ) + TBC cos ( 67.5° − θ )
TCD =
cos ( 22.5° − θ )
Finally, since the weight of the brace AD is also neglected, the brace
AD is also a two-force member and from a free-body diagram of the
pin D, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : − FAD cos ( 90° − θ ) + TCD cos ( 22.5° − θ ) − TDE cos φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAD sin ( 90° − θ ) − TCD sin ( 22.5° − θ ) − TDE sin φ = 0
cos ( 22.5° − θ ) sin φ + sin ( 22.5° − θ ) cos φ
FAD = TCD
cos ( 90° − θ ) sin φ + sin ( 90° − θ ) cos φ
TCD cos ( 22.5° − θ ) − FAD cos ( 90° − θ )
TDE = =P
cos φ
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-53
a = 12.5cos θ − 2
b = 12.5sin θ + 0.5
b
φ = tan −1
a
A = Ax2 + Ay2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-54*
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TAB − 75 + 100 − 50 = 0
TAB = −25 kN = 25 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TBC + 100 − 50 = 0
TBC = +50 kN = 50 kN (T) ............................................... Ans.
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TCD − 50 = 0
TCD = −50 kN = 50 kN (C) ............................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-55*
→ ΣFx = 0 : −V = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 90 − 120 − P = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M − 90 ( 5 8 ) − 120 (1.5 ) = 0
V = 0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
P = −30 lb = 30 lb (C) ......................................................................Ans.
M = −236 lb ⋅ in. .................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-56
Next, from a free-body diagram of the man standing on the beam,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : T − 75 ( 9.81) + T − 40 ( 9.81) + C y = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-57*
From an overall free-body diagram of the bracket,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + B cos 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + B sin 45° − 500 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 5 ( 500 ) − 15 ( B cos 45° ) − 15 ( B sin 45° ) = 0
B = 117.85113 lb
Ax = −83.3333 lb Ay = 416.6667 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-58
From a free-body diagram of the lower half of the clamp,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : V =0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : P − 2000 = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + 0.075 ( 2000 ) = 0
P = 2000 N (T) .................................................................... Ans.
V = 0 N .................................................................................. Ans.
M = −150.0 N ⋅ m ............................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-59*
Draw free-body diagrams of the sections of the tower between
the points of interest and the top. For each section, the vertical
component of the equation of equilibrium gives
↑ ΣFy = 0 : PA − 2000 − 3 (1500 cos 30° ) − W = 0
W = 40 ( 50 ) = 2000 lb
PA = 7900 lb .................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-60*
The weights of the two cylinders are the same
W = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.5 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper cylinder,
and write the equations of equilibrium
Z ΣFx = 0 : N 2 − W sin 27° = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : N1 − W cos 27° = 0
N1 = 437.0387 N
N 2 = 222.6823 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower cylinder, the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : N 4 − N 2 − W sin 27° = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : N 3 − W cos 27° = 0
N 3 = 437.0387 N N 4 = 445.3647 N
Next, from a free-body diagram of the rack,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − N 4 cos 27° + ( N1 + N 3 ) sin 27° − B sin 27° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − N 4 sin 27° − ( N1 + N 3 ) cos 27° + B cos 27° = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 120 ( 445.3647 ) − 320 ( 437.0387 )
−120 ( 437.0387 ) + 580 B = 0
B = 239.4022 N
Ax = 902.3320 N Ay = 767.6911 N
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the upper portion of the rack (between section a and the roller support B),
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : −P = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : B − V − N1 = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : 0.360 B − M − 0.100 N1 = 0
P = 0 N ...............................................................................Ans.
V = −197.6 N ....................................................................Ans.
M = 42.5 N ⋅ m .................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-61
From a free-body diagram of the lower portion of
the crutch (between section a and the bottom B),
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : V − 35sin 25° = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : P + 35cos 25° = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M − 2 ( 35sin 25° ) = 0
P = −31.7 lb = 31.7 lb (C) ............................................Ans.
V = 14.79 lb .......................................................................Ans.
M = 29.6 lb ⋅ ft ..................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-62
From a free-body diagram of the wheel, the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM B = 0 : 325 FCD − 150 ( 2700 ) = 0
FCD = 1246 N
Since CD is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
P = 1246 N (C) ........................................................................ Ans.
and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V = 0 N ...................................................................................... Ans.
M = 0 N ⋅ m .............................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-63
From a free-body diagram of the handle, the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM F = 0 : 30 (1000 ) − 8 FDE = 0
FDE = 3750 lb
Since DE is a two-force member, the axial force on every cross section is
the same
P = 3750 lb (C) ................................................................... Ans.
and the shear force and the bending moment are both zero
V = 0 lb .................................................................................................Ans.
M = 0 lb ⋅ ft ..........................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-64*
First draw an overall free-body diagram of the shaft
and sum moments about the bearing B
ΣM C = 0 :
( −800 j + 250i ) × ( −5k ) + ( −800 j − 250i ) × ( −30k )
+ ( −2000 j + 250k ) × ( 30i ) + ( −2000 j − 250k ) × ( 5i )
+ ( −2800 j) × ( Bx i + Bz k ) = 0
The x-, y-, and z-components of this equation give
x: 4000 + 24, 000 − 2800 Bz = 0
y: 1250 − 7500 + 7500 − 1250 = 0
z: 60, 000 + 10, 000 + 2800 Bx = 0
Bx = −25.00 kN Bz = 10.00 kN
Next draw a free-body diagram of the portion of the shaft between the
bearing B and the section at A and write the equations of equilibrium
ΣFx = 0 : Vx + 30 + 5 − 25 = 0
ΣFy = 0 : Py = 0
ΣFz = 0 : Vz + 10 = 0
Vx = −10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
Py = 0 kN .............................................................................. Ans.
Vz = −10 kN .......................................................................... Ans.
ΣM cut = 0 :
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-65*
First draw a free-body diagram of the blocks,
and write the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : NC − N A = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FC + FA − 30 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 8 ( 30 ) − 16 ( FC ) = 0
NC = N A FC = FA = 15 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-66
W = 360 ( 9.81) = 3531.60 N
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : − Ax + FBD cos φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : − Ay + FBD sin φ − W = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 1430 ( FBD sin β ) − ( 2700 cos16° ) W = 0
h 900 + 1430sin16°
tan φ = =
b 1430 cos16° − 890
φ = 69.471° β = φ − 16° = 53.471°
FBD = 7976.730 N
Ax = 2797.2911 N Ay = 3938.5663 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : P − Ax cos16° − Ay sin16° = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : V + Ax sin16° − Ay cos16° = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M − ( 0.530sin16° ) Ax + ( 0.530 cos16° ) Ay = 0
P = 3770 N .................................................................... Ans.
V = 3010 N .................................................................................................Ans.
M = −1598 N ⋅ m .......................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-67
From a free-body diagram of the pipe the moment equilibrium equation
ΣM cut = 0 :
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-68*
From a free-body diagram of the bar ABC,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : − Ay + FBD − 3 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 200 FBD − 400 ( 3) = 0
FBD = 6 N
Ax = 0 N Ay = 3 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the left section of the bar,
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : P − ( 3) sin θ = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : V − ( 3) cos θ = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : ( 0.1)( 3) − M = 0
in which
120
θ = tan −1 = 30.964°
200
Then
P = 1.543 kN ................................................................. Ans.
V = 2.57 kN ................................................................................................Ans.
M = 0.3 kN ⋅ m ..........................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-69
From a free-body diagram of a part of the hook,
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : V − 10 cos θ = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : P − 10sin θ = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M − 10 (10sin θ ) = 0
P = 10sin θ kip .................................... Ans.
V = 10 cos θ kip ................................... Ans.
M = −100sin θ kip ⋅ in. ...................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-70
From a free-body diagram of the top handle
4 ΣM A = 0 : 93 (100 ) − 38 ( C sin θ )
+ ( 35 − d )( C cos θ ) = 0
9300
C=
38sin θ − ( 35 − d ) cos θ
Note that tan θ = d 40 ; therefore d = 40 tan θ and
9300 9300
C= =
38sin θ − 35cos θ + 40sin θ 78sin θ − 35cos θ
→ ΣFx = 0 : C cos θ − Ax = 0 Ax = C cos θ
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C sin θ − Ay − 100 = 0 Ay = C sin θ − 1000
Next, from a free-body diagram of the part of the top handle
to the right of section a–a the equations of equilibrium give
[ ΣFx = 0 : P + Ax cos φ + Ay sin φ = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : V + Ax sin φ − Ay cos φ = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : Ax (18 tan φ ) − M − 18 Ay = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-71
(a) From a free-body diagram of the complete beam,
the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM A = 0 : 20 RB − ( x + 2.5 )( 4000 ) = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA + RB − 4000 = 0
RB = 200 ( x + 2.5 ) = ( 200 x + 500 ) lb
RA = ( 3500 − 200 x ) lb
Load, shear force, and bending moment diagrams are as shown.
The moment under the left wheel is
M C = xRA = ( 3500 x − 200 x 2 ) lb ⋅ ft
and the moment under the right wheel is
M D = (15 − x ) RB = (15 − x )( 200 x + 500 ) lb ⋅ ft
These moments are graphed below. Notice that the maximum
moment occurs under the right wheel when 0 ≤ x ≤ 7.5 m
(and the right wheel is closer to the center of the beam) and
under the right wheel when 7.5 ≤ x ≤ 15 m (and the left
wheel is closer to the center of the beam).
(b) The graph of maximum moment is also shown below.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-72
W = 250 ( 9.81) = 2452.50 N
(a) From a free-body diagram of the post AB,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − TBC cos ( 60° − θ ) = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + TBC sin ( 60° − θ ) − W = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 6 (TBC sin 60° ) − ( 3cos θ ) W = 0
( 2452.50 )( 3cos θ )
TBC = N
6sin 60°
Ax = TBC cos ( 60° − θ ) N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-73*
From a free-body diagram of the collar, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : T cos 20° − N BC sin 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N BC cos 30° − T sin 20° − 900 = 0
T = 700 lb 20° ..............................................................................Ans.
N BC = 1316 lb 60° ........................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-74*
W = 500 ( 9.81) = 4905 N
First draw a free-body diagram of joint A, and write the equations of equilibrium
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAC + TAB cos 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB sin 30° − W = 0
TAB = 9810 N = 9.81 kN (T) ............................................................Ans.
TBC = −8495.709 N ≅ 8.50 kN (C) ................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-75
From a free-body diagram of the motor and support,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − 21 − 1 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + B − 25 = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : 12 B − 8 ( 25 ) + 10.5 ( 21) + 5.5 (1) = 0
B = −2.16667 lb ≅ 2.17 lb ↓ ............................. Ans.
Ax = 22 lb Ay = 27.16667 lb
A = 35.0 lb 51.0° ............................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-76*
W = 135 ( 9.81) = 1324.50 N
220 − 75
φ = cos −1 = 48.769°
220
First draw a free-body diagram of the cylinder. When the cylinder just starts
to rotate about the step, the normal force N becomes zero. Then moment
equilibrium gives
4 ΣM C = 0 : 220 W sin ( 20° + φ ) − 220 P cos ( 20° + φ ) = 0
P = 3410 N ...................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-77
(a) From a free-body diagram of the entire beam,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA + RB − 3000 − 500 ( 6 ) = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 :
500 ( 6 ) ( 3) + 3000 (12 ) + 1800 − 18RA = 0
RA = 2600 lb ............................................................................................................ Ans.
RB = 3400 lb ............................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) Next, from a free-body diagram of the left end of the beam,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 2600 ) − 3000 − V = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + 1800 + 3000 ( 4 ) − ( 2600 )(10 ) = 0
V = −400 lb ............................................................ Ans.
M = 12, 200 lb ⋅ ft .................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-78
First draw a free-body diagram of the upper jaw. The resultant of the
distributed load is a 300 N force acting through the centroid of the
distributed load. The equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM D = 0 : 225 ( 300 ) − 100 FC = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 125 ( 300 ) − 100 FD = 0
FC = 675 N ↓ ........................................................ Ans.
FD = 375 N ↑ ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-79*
(a) First, from a free-body diagram of the entire frame,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Dx − 400 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : A + Dy − 1000 = 0
4 ΣM D = 0 : 8 ( 400 ) + 2 (1000 ) − 10 A = 0
A = 520 lb
Dx = 400 lb Dy = 480 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of bar ABCD,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : ( 400 ) − Bx + FCE cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 520 ) + By − FCE sin θ + 480 = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 8 ( 480 ) − 2 ( 520 ) − 6 ( FCE sin θ ) = 0
sin θ = 4 5 cos θ = 3 5
FCE = 583.333 lb
Bx = 750 lb By = −533.333 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the lower end of bar BEF,
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : Pa + 750 cos θ + 533.333sin θ = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : Va − 750sin θ + 533.333cos θ = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : M a + 2.5 ( 750sin θ ) − 2.5 ( 533.333cos θ ) = 0
Pa = −876.667 lb ≅ 877 lb (C) ................................................Ans.
Va = 280 lb ....................................................................................Ans.
M a = −700 lb ⋅ ft ..........................................................................Ans.
(b) Finally, from a free-body diagram of the left end of bar ABCD,
the equations of equilibrium give
Z ΣFx = 0 : Pb − 750 = 0
^ ΣFy = 0 : Vb + 520 − 533.333 = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : M b + 3 ( 533.333) − 5 ( 520 ) = 0
Pb = 750 lb (T) .............................................................................Ans.
Vb = 13.33 lb .................................................................................Ans.
M b = 1000 lb ⋅ ft ...........................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-80
Next, from a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Bx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : By − 5 − D = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 70 ( 5 ) − 40 D = 0
D = 8.75 N ↓ ....................................................................... Ans.
Bx = 0 N By = 13.75 N
B = 13.75 N ↓ (on the pin) ............................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-81*
Then the x-, y-, and z-components of the force equilibrium equation give
x: Ax + ( −277.778 ) − 500 − 150 = 0 Ax = 928 lb ........................................ Ans.
y: 200 + By = 0 By = −200 lb ..................................... Ans.
z: Az + ( 266.667 ) − (150 ) = 0 Az = −116.7 lb .................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-82*
W1 = 300 ( 9.81) = 2943 N
W2 = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N
W3 = 200 ( 9.81) = 1962 N
WP = 500 ( 9.81) = 4905 N
Draw a free-body diagram of the platform.
The moment equation of equilibrium
ΣM O = 0 : ( i + j) × ( −2943k ) + ( 2i + j) × ( −981k )
+ ( 3i + j) × (TB k ) + ( i + 3 j) × ( −1962k )
+ ( i + 4 j) × (TC k ) + (1.5i + 2 j) × ( −4905k ) = 0
has components
x: −2943 − 981 + TB − 5886 + 4TC − 9810 = 0
y: 2943 + 1962 − 3TB + 1962 − TC + 7357.5 = 0
TB = 3388.909 N ≅ 3390 N .................................................................................. Ans.
TC = 4057.773 N ≅ 4060 N .................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-83
From a free-body diagram of the upper half of the clamp,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : V =0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 300 − P = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M − 3 ( 300 ) = 0
P = 300 lb (T) ...................................................................... Ans.
V = 0 lb .................................................................................. Ans.
M = 900 lb ⋅ ft ...................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
1-84
T = W = 100 ( 9.81) = 981 N
WP = 50 ( 9.81) = 490.50 N
First draw a free-body diagram of the arm AB and the pulley.
The moment equation of equilibrium gives
4 ΣM A = 0 :
1500 By − 300 ( 981) − 350 ( 981) − 650 ( 490.5 ) = 0
By = 637.650 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-1*
N 10
σ= = ≤ 30 ksi
A A
π
A = (12 − di2 ) ≥ in 2
1
4 3
di ≤ 0.75867 in.
d o − di
t= ≥ 0.1207 in. .......................................................................................... Ans.
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-2*
40 (103 )
= 106.6 (106 ) N m 2 = 106.6 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
NA
σA = =
AA ( 0.025 )( 0.015 )
50 (103 )
= 133.3 (106 ) N m 2 = 133.3 MPa (T) ........................ Ans.
NB
σB = =
AB ( 0.025 )( 0.015 )
20 (103 )
= 53.3 (106 ) N m 2 = 53.3 MPa (T) ............................ Ans.
NC
σC = =
AC ( 0.025 )( 0.015 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-3
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N AB − 90 − 2 ( 75 ) + 2 ( 60 ) − 2 (125 ) = 0 N AB = 370 kip (C)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N BC − 90 − 2 ( 75 ) + 2 ( 60 ) = 0 N BC = 120 kip (C)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N CD − 90 − 2 ( 75 ) = 0 N CD = 240 kip (C)
N AB 370
σ AB = = = 23.1 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
AAB 16
N BC 120
σ BC = = = 30.0 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
ABC 4
N CD 240
σ CD = = = 20.0 ksi (C) ................................................................................... Ans.
ACD 12
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-4*
W = 130 ( 9.81) = 1275.30 N
From a free-body diagram of joint B, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAB sin 8° − P cos 20° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB cos8° − P sin 20° − (1275.3) = 0
TAB = 1357.261 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-5
From a free-body diagram of a portion of the wood block,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : V − 16,800 = 0
V = 16,800 lb
V 16800
τ= = = 1050 psi ........................................................Ans.
A (8 × 2)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-6
From a free-body diagram of the lever, moment
equilibrium about the center of the shaft gives
4 ΣM = 0 : 25V − 625 (1) = 0
V = 25 kN
V 25 (10 )
3
τ= = ≤ 125 (106 ) N m 2
A 0.020a
a ≥ 0.0100 m = 10.00 mm ........................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-7*
V 8000 8000
τ= = = ≤ 500 psi
A π ( 2 ) L1 π (1.5 ) L2
L1 ≥ 2.55 in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
L2 ≥ 3.40 in. .............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-8
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-9*
V 100 ( 2000 )
τ= = = 40 (103 ) psi
A π d ( 0.5 )
d = 3.18 in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-10*
Assuming that the pulleys rotate freely, the tension will be the same throughout the length of the cord, and
T = W = 45 ( 9.81) = 441.45 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-11
Assume that the girl’s arms are vertical. Each arm will carry half of the girl’s weight and
N 125 2
(a) σ= = = 79.6 psi (T) ...................................................................................... Ans.
A π (1)2 4
N 125 2
σ= = = 124.3 psi (T) ........................................................................ Ans.
A π (1 − 0.62 ) 4
(b) 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-12
W = 225 ( 9.81) = 2207.25 N
From a free-body diagram of pulley 4,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2T + TB − ( 2207.25 ) = 0
Next, from a free-body diagram of the double pulley
(1 and 2), the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM axle = 0 : 100TA − 300TB = 0
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the pulley 3,
the equations of equilibrium give
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TA − 2T = 0
Combining these three equations gives
TA = 1655.4375 N
TB = 551.8125 N
T = 827.7188 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-13*
From free-body diagrams of the rings B and C,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TAB cos 45° + TBC cos α = 0
−TBC cos α + TCD cos 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB sin 45° + TBC sin α − 10 = 0
−TBC sin α + TCD sin 45° − 8 = 0
Adding the first pair of equations together gives
TAB = TCD
Then, adding the second pair of equations together gives
TAB = TCD = 12.72792 lb
≤ 18 (103 ) psi
TAB 12.72792
σ max = =
A πd 4
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-14*
1.5
θ = tan −1 = 36.870° sin θ = 3 5 cos θ = 4 5
2
From symmetry (or overall equilibrium), each support carries half of the total load
RA = RC = 18 2 = 9 kN
Then, from a free-body diagram of the joint A,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAD cos θ + TAB = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAD sin θ + 9 = 0
TAD = −15.00 kN
TAB = 12.00 kN
Finally, from a free-body diagram of the bottom chord,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : (12.00 ) − V = 0
V = 12 kN
V 12 (10 )
3
τ= = ≤ 2.25 (106 ) N m 2
A 0.100a
a ≥ 0.0533 m = 53.3 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-15
V = τ A = 225 ( 5 × 4 ) = 4500 lb
From a free-body diagram of member AB and the end
of the bottom chord, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : V − (12 13) P = 0
P = 4870 lb ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-16*
From a free-body diagram of the block A,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : 700 − FAC cos θ − FAE cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FAE sin θ − FAC sin θ = 0
700
FAC = FAE = N
2 cos θ
V FAC
τ= = N m2
A π ( 0.010 ) 4
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-17
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : D sin 38° − Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − D cos 38° − 25 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 1.25 D − 9 ( 25 ) = 0
D = 180 lb
Ax = 110.8191 lb Ay = 166.8419 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-18
From an overall free-body diagram of the truss,
the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM A = 0 : 9 F − 3 (10 ) − 6 (15 ) = 0
F = 13.3333 kN
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-19*
From an overall free-body diagram of the seat,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − E = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 30 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 3 ( 30 ) − 21E = 0
E = 4.28571 lb
Ax = 4.28571 lb Ay = 30 lb
Next, from a free-body diagram of the seat back,
the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM C = 0 : 9 (TBD cos θ ) − 21( 4.28571) = 0
10
θ = tan −1 = 39.806°
12
TBD = 13.01707 lb
VB 13.01707
τ= = = 117.9 psi ..............................................Ans.
A π ( 3 8)2 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-20
From a free-body diagram of the pin E,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TDE − TEF cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −10 − TEF sin θ = 0
4
θ = tan −1 = 53.130°
3
TDE = 7.500 kN TEF = −12.500 kN
T 10.6066 (10 )
3
T 19.5 (10 )
3
σ DF = = ≤ 25 (106 ) N m 2
A A
(b) ADF ≥ 780 (10−6 ) m 2 = 780 mm 2 ............................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-21
From a free-body diagram of the pin A, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAF cos 45° − TAB cos 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 20 − TAF sin 45° − TAB sin 45° = 0
TAB = TAF = 14.14214 lb
VB 14.14214
τB = = = 1152 psi .............................................Ans.
A π (1 8 )2 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-22*
From a free-body diagram of the upper handle,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : FC cos θ − Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FC sin θ − 100 − Ay = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 93 (100 ) − 28 ( FC sin θ ) + 5 ( FC cos θ ) = 0
30
FC = 919.1059 N θ = tan −1 = 30.964°
50
Ax = 788.1248 N Ay = 372.8794 N A = Ax2 + Ay2 = 871.8829 N
Then, from a free-body diagram of the upper jaw, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : ( 788.1248) − Bx − N sin φ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 372.8794 ) − By + N cos φ = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : Nd − 35 ( 788.1248 ) − 12 ( 372.8794 ) = 0
15
N = 841.9084 N d = 152 + 352 = 38.0789 mm φ = tan −1 = 23.199°
35
Bx = 456.4753 N By = 1146.7130 N B = Bx2 + By2 = 1234.229 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-23*
From a free-body diagram of the platform, the equations of equilibrium give
4 ΣM C = 0 : 3 ( FDE cos 30° ) − 2 ( 80 ) = 0
FDE = 61.58403 lb
(a) Member DE is a two-force member and the stress on every cross
section is the same
FDE 61.58403
σ DE = = = 49.3 psi ..........................................Ans.
A 1.25
V 61.58403
(b) τE = E = = 627 psi ....................................Ans.
A 2 π ( 0.25 )2 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-24
From a free-body diagram of the bucket, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Gx − TEI = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : G y − 10 = 0
4 ΣM G = 0 : (1.2 cos 30° ) TEI − 0.3 (10 ) = 0
TEI = 2.88675 kN
Gx = 2.88675 kN G y = 10 kN
VD 12.44128 (10 )
3
τD = = ≤ 120 (106 ) N m 2
A 2 π d 4
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-25*
First, from an overall free-body diagram of the frame,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Bx − 500 + 1500 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : By − 1000 = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 8 ( 500 ) + 5 (1000 ) − 6 A = 0
A = 1500 lb
Bx = −1000 lb
By = 1000 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-26
From a free-body diagram of the wheel,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : Bx − FCD = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2700 − By = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 325 FCD − 150 ( 2700 ) = 0
FCD = 1246.15385 N
Bx = 1246.15385 N
By = 2700 N
≤ 125 (106 ) N m 2
VA 2973.699
τA = =
A 2 π d A 4
2
≤ 125 (106 ) N m 2
VB 2973.701
τB = =
A 2 π d B 4
2
≤ 125 (106 ) N m 2
TCD 1246.154
τC = =
A 2 π d C 4
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-27
di = d o − 2 ( 0.1d o ) = 0.8d o
P 9000 11, 459.156
σ= = = psi
A π ( d o − di ) 4
2 2
d o2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-28
For a uniformly distributed load
P P 4P 4 (150 ) (103 )
σ= = 2 d = 2
= = 0.05876
A πd 4 πσ π ( 3.25 ) (106 )
d = 0.242 m = 242 mm ................................................................................................ Ans.
A 0 rc rp − rc
π
= σ max ( 0.8rc2 + 0.8rp rc + 1.4rp2 ) = 150 kN
3
450 (103 )
σ max = N m2
π ( 0.8r + 0.8rp rc + 1.4r
c
2 2
p )
For σ max = 3.25 MPa
d = 2rp ≅ 296 mm ............................... Ans.
(
For d p = 150 mm , rp = 75 mm )
σ max = 8.49 MPa
(
For d p = 400 mm , rp = 200 mm )
8.49 − 1.98
σ max = 1.98 MPa D= (100 ) = 76.7% ................................. Ans.
8.49
(
For d p = 600 mm , rp = 300 mm )
8.49 − 0.94
σ max = 0.94 MPa D= (100 ) = 89.0% ................................. Ans.
8.49
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-29
For a uniformly distributed load
P P 4P 4 ( 50 )
σ= = d c2 = +4= + 4 = 10.366
A π ( d c2 − 22 ) 4 πσ π (10 )
d c = 3.22 in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
σ max ( 5 − r )
For the flexible collar: σ=
4
σ max ( 5 − r )
( 2π rdr )
rc
P = ∫ σ dA = ∫
A 1 4
π
σ max 5 ( rc2 − 1) − ( rc − 1) = 50 kip
2 3
=
4 3
200
σ max = ksi
π 5 ( rc2 − 1) − ( rc3 − 1)
2
3
For σ max = 10 ksi
d c = 2rc ≅ 3.32 in. ............................... Ans.
37.13 − 11.10
σ max = 11.10 ksi D= (100 ) = 70.1% ............................ Ans.
37.13
For d c = 4.0 in. , ( rc = 2.0 in.)
37.13 − 6.16
σ max = 6.16 ksi D= (100 ) = 83.4% ............................... Ans.
37.13
For d c = 5.0 in. , ( rc = 2.5 in.)
37.13 − 3.86
σ max = 3.86 ksi D= (100 ) = 89.6% ............................... Ans.
37.13
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-30
For a uniformly distributed load
P P 4P 4 ( 80 ) (103 )
σ= = d =
2
+ 0.040 = 2
+ 0.0016
A π ( d w − 0.0402 ) 4 πσ π ( 2.8 ) (106 )
2 w
80 (103 )
σ max = N m2
π 0.0005 + 0.060 ( rw − 0.030 )
For σ max = 2.8 MPa
d w = 2rw ≅ 346 mm ............................. Ans.
For no washer
80 (103 )
σ max =
π ( 0.0302 − 0.0202 )
= 50.93 (106 ) N m 2 = 50.93 MPa
50.93 − 5.42
σ max = 5.42 MPa D= (100 ) = 89.4% ............................... Ans.
50.93
For d w = 300 mm , ( rw = 150 mm )
50.93 − 3.31
σ max = 3.31 MPa D= (100 ) = 93.5% ............................... Ans.
50.93
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-31*
P = −5000 lb
A = 4 × 4 = 16 in.2
θ = 90° − 14° = 76°
( −5000 ) 1 + cos 2 76° = −18.29 psi = 18.29 psi (C) ...................Ans.
σn = ( )
2 (16 )
− ( −5000 )
τn = sin 2 ( 76° ) = +73.4 psi ...........................................................Ans.
2 (16 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-32*
P = 400 kN
A = 75 × 45 mm 2
θ = 37°
( 400 ) (103 )
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( 37° )
2 ( 0.075 × 0.045 )
σ n = +75.6 (106 ) N m 2 = 75.6 MPa (T) ................................................................ Ans.
− ( 400 × 103 )
τn = sin 2 ( 37° )
2 ( 0.075 × 0.045 )
τ n = −57.0 (106 ) N m 2 = −57.0 MPa ..................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-33
P 270
σ max = = = 22.5 ksi (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 2×6
P 270
τ max = = = 11.25 ksi ............................................................................... Ans.
2 A 2 ( 2 × 6)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-34
P = −80 kN
A = π ( 75 ) 4 = 4417.865 mm 2
2
θ = 57°
( −80 ) (103 )
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( 57° )
2 ( 4417.865 ) (10−6 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-35*
P
σn = [1 + cos 2θ ] = 12 ksi
2 ( 4 ×1)
−P
τn = sin 2θ = −9 ksi
2 ( 4 × 1)
sin 2θ 9
=
1 + cos 2θ 12
Solve by trial and error to get
θ = 36.870° ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
P = 75.0 kip .................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-36*
( 400 ) (103 )
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( −33° ) ≤ 70 (106 ) N m2
2 ( 0.1t )
t ≥ 0.0402 m = 40.2 mm
− ( 400 × 103 )
τn = sin 2 ( −33° ) ≤ 45 (106 ) N m 2
2 ( 0.1t )
t ≥ 0.0406 m = 40.6 mm
tmin = 40.6 mm ................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-37
− ( −P)
τa = sin 2 ( 55° ) = 2 ksi
2 ( 4 × 8)
(a) P = 136.21475 kip ≅ 136.2 kip (C) ...............................................Ans.
( −136.21475) 1 + cos 2 55°
σa = ( )
2 ( 4 × 8)
(b) σ a = −1.400 ksi = 1.400 ksi (C) .....................................................Ans.
P 136.21475
(c) σ max = = = 4.26 ksi .............................................................................. Ans.
A 4×8
P 136.21475
τ max = = = 2.13 ksi ............................................................................. Ans.
2A 2 ( 4 × 8)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-38
≤ 8.75 (106 ) N m 2
P P
τ max = =
2 A 2 ( 0.200 )( 0.120 )
P ≤ 420 (103 ) N
Pmax = 291 kN .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-39*
P
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( −θ ) ≤ 12 ksi
2 ( 4 ×1)
−P
τn = sin 2 ( −θ ) ≤ 9 ksi
2 ( 4 ×1)
Optimum angle occurs when σ n = 12 ksi and τ n = 9 ksi
sin 2θ 9
=
1 + cos 2θ 12
Solve by trial and error to get θ = 36.870°
(a) φ = 90° − θ = 53.13° ...................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) P = 75.0 kip .................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-40*
TAB = 500 kN (T) TBC = 300 kN (T) Ttop = 250 kN (T)
(a) On plane a–a
( 500 ) (103 )
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( 30° )
2 ( 0.200 )( 0.100 )
σ n = 18.75 (106 ) N m 2 = 18.75 MPa (T) ............................Ans.
− ( 500 ) (103 )
τn = sin 2 ( 30° )
2 ( 0.200 )( 0.100 )
τ n = −10.83 (106 ) N m 2 = −10.83 MPa ..............................Ans.
(b) The maximum stresses in the bar occur in the section with the maximum load
Pmax = TAB = 500 kN (T)
500 (103 )
= 25.0 (106 ) N m 2 = 25.0 MPa (T) .................... Ans.
P
σ max = =
A ( 0.200 )( 0.100 )
500 (103 )
= 12.50 (106 ) N m 2 = 12.50 MPa ................... Ans.
P
τ max = =
2 A 2 ( 0.200 )( 0.100 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-41
There are two bolts and they each carry a normal force of N
and a shear force of V . Equilibrium of the eyebar gives
Z ΣFn = 0 : 2 N − P cos 30° = 0
^ ΣFt = 0 : 2V + P sin 30° = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-42
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-43
P
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( −θ ) psi
2 ( 3 × 3)
−P
τn = sin 2 ( −θ ) psi
2 ( 3 × 3)
σn P
= [1 + cos 2θ ]
800 14, 400
τn P
= sin 2θ
500 9000
When θ = 37° the shear stress reaches its maximum value (τ n 500 = 1) first at which point
Pmax ≅ 9.36 kip ................................................................................................................ Ans.
When θ = 25° the normal stress reaches its maximum value (σ n 800 = 1) first at which point
Pmax ≅ 8.77 kip ................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-44
250 (103 )
σn = 1 + cos 2 ( −θ ) N m 2
2 ( 0.100 )( 0.025 ) θ = 90° − φ
= 50 (1 + cos 2θ ) MPa
−250 (103 )
τn = sin 2 ( −θ ) N m 2
2 ( 0.100 )( 0.025 )
= 50sin 2θ MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-45*
The given values are
σ x = 20 ksi σ y = −10 ksi τ xy = 0 ksi θ ab = −26°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 20 ) cos 2 ( −26° ) + ( −10 ) sin 2 ( −26° ) + 2 ( 0 ) sin ( −26° ) cos ( −26° )
σ ab = +14.23 ksi = 14.23 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 20 ) − ( −10 ) sin ( −26° ) cos ( −26° ) + ( 0 ) cos 2 ( −26° ) − sin 2 ( −26° )
τ ab = +11.82 ksi .............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-46*
The given values are
σ x = 95 MPa σ y = 125 MPa τ xy = 0 MPa θ ab = 110°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 95 ) cos 2 (110° ) + (125) sin 2 (110° ) + 2 ( 0 ) sin (110° ) cos (110° )
σ ab = +121.5 MPa = 121.5 MPa (T) ......................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 95 ) − (125 ) sin (110° ) cos (110° ) + ( 0 ) cos 2 (110° ) − sin 2 (110° )
τ ab = −9.64 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-47
The given values are
σ x = 0 ksi σ y = 0 ksi τ xy = 15 ksi θ ab = 30°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) cos 2 ( 30° ) + ( 0 ) sin 2 ( 30° ) + 2 (15 ) sin ( 30° ) cos ( 30° )
σ ab = +12.99 ksi = 12.99 ksi (T) ............................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-48*
The given values are
σ x = −65 MPa σ y = −125 MPa τ xy = 75 MPa θ ab = 145°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −65 ) cos 2 (145° ) + ( −125 ) sin 2 (145° ) + 2 ( 75 ) sin (145° ) cos (145° )
σ ab = −155.2 MPa = 155.2 MPa (C) ........................................................................ Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( −65 ) − ( −125 ) sin (145° ) cos (145° ) + ( 75 ) cos 2 (145° ) − sin 2 (145° )
τ ab = +53.8 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-49
The given values are
σ x = 18 ksi σ y = 6 ksi τ xy = 15 ksi θ ab = 155°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (18 ) cos 2 (155° ) + ( 6 ) sin 2 (155° ) + 2 (15 ) sin (155° ) cos (155° )
σ ab = +4.37 ksi = 4.37 ksi (T) .................................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − (18 ) − ( 6 ) sin (155° ) cos (155° ) + (15 ) cos 2 (155° ) − sin 2 (155° )
τ ab = +14.24 ksi .............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-50
The given values are
σ x = −170 MPa σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = −70 MPa θ ab = 145°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −170 ) cos 2 (145° ) + ( 0 ) sin 2 (145° ) + 2 ( −70 ) sin (145° ) cos (145° )
σ ab = −48.3 MPa = 48.3 MPa (C) ............................................................................. Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( −170 ) − ( 0 ) sin (145° ) cos (145° ) + ( −70 ) cos 2 (145° ) − sin 2 (145° )
τ ab = −103.8 MPa .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-51*
The given values are
−5000
σ x = 0 psi σy = = −312.5 psi τ xy = 0 psi θ = 166°
( 4 )( 4 )
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) cos 2 (166° ) + ( −312.5 ) sin 2 (166° ) + 2 ( 0 ) sin (166° ) cos (166° )
σ n = −18.29 psi = 18.29 psi (C) ................................................................................. Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 0 ) − ( −312.5 ) sin (166° ) cos (166° ) + ( 0 ) cos 2 (166° ) − sin 2 (166° )
τ n = +73.4 psi ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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copyright owner is unlawful.68
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-52*
The given values are
400 (103 )
σx = = 100 (106 ) N m 2 = 100 MPa
( 0.100 )( 0.040 )
σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = 0 MPa θ = −33°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (100 ) cos 2 ( −33° ) + ( 0 ) sin 2 ( −33° ) + 2 ( 0 ) sin ( −33° ) cos ( −33° )
σ = +70.3 MPa = 70.3 MPa (T) ............................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − (100 ) − ( 0 ) sin ( −33° ) cos ( −33° ) + ( 0 ) cos 2 ( −33° ) − sin 2 ( −33° )
τ ab = +45.7 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-53
The given values are
−P 4
σ x = 0 psi σy = psi τ xy = 0 ksi θ aa = tan −1 = 53.130°
9 3
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) + ( P 9 ) sin 2 ( 53.13° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 800 psi
P ≤ 11, 250 lb
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copyright owner is unlawful.70
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-54
The given values are
−P
σ x = τ xy = 0 MPa σy = = −50 P N m 2 θ ab = −35°
( 0.100 )( 0.200 )
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 0 ) − ( −50 P ) sin ( −35° ) cos ( −35° ) + ( 0 ) = 15 (106 ) N m 2
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copyright owner is unlawful.71
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-55*
The given values are
σ x = τ xy = 0 ksi σ y = −32 b 2 ksi θ = −20°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) + ( −32 b 2 ) sin 2 ( −20° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 3.5 ksi
b ≥ 1.034 in.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 0 ) − ( −32 b 2 ) sin ( −20° ) cos ( −20° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 0.8 ksi
b ≥ 3.59 in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
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copyright owner is unlawful.72
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-56
The given values are
−P
σx = = −41.667 P N m 2 σ y = τ xy = 0 MPa θ = −30°
( 0.2 )( 0.12 )
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −41.667 P ) cos 2 ( −30° ) + ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 13.60 (106 ) N m 2
P ≤ 435.2 (103 ) N
P ≤ 291(103 ) N
Pmax = 291 kN .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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copyright owner is unlawful.73
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-57*
The given values are
4
σ x = 0 ksi θ = − tan −1 = −53.130° sin θ = −0.8000 cos θ = 0.6000
3
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) + σ y ( −0.8 ) + 2τ xy ( −0.8 )( 0.6 ) = 4800 psi
2
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copyright owner is unlawful.74
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-58*
The given values are
5
σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = 25 MPa θ ab = 90° + tan −1 = 112.620°
12
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= σ x cos 2 θ ab + ( 0 ) + 2 ( 25 ) sin θ ab cos θ ab = 15 MPa
(a) σ x = 221.398 MPa ≅ 221 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 221.398 ) − ( 0 ) sin θ ab cos θ ab + ( 25 ) ( cos 2 θ ab − sin 2 θ ab )
(b) τ ab = +61.0 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-59
(a) The given values are
σ x = 18 ksi σ y = 13 ksi τ xy = 6 ksi θ ab = −19°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (18 ) cos 2 ( −19° ) + (13) sin 2 ( −19° ) + 2 ( 6 ) sin ( −19° ) cos ( −19° )
σ ab = +13.78 ksi = 13.78 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − (18 ) − (13) sin ( −19° ) cos ( −19° ) + ( 6 ) cos 2 ( −19° ) − sin 2 ( −19° )
τ ab = +6.27 ksi ................................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) The given values are
σ x = 18 ksi σ y = 13 ksi τ xy = 6 ksi θ n = 26° θt = 116°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (18 ) cos 2 ( 26° ) + (13) sin 2 ( 26° ) + 2 ( 6 ) sin ( 26° ) cos ( 26° )
σ n = +21.77 ksi = 21.77 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-60*
(a) Using x-y-coordinates rotated to align with the n-t-coordinates
σ n = σ x = 200 MPa σ t = σ y = 50 MPa τ nt = τ xy = 0 MPa θ aa = 135°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 200 ) cos 2 (135° ) + ( 50 ) sin 2 (135° ) + ( 0 )
σ aa = +125.0 MPa = 125.0 MPa (T) ........................................................................ Ans.
(b) Using the original coordinate system with the x- and y-axes horizontal and vertical
θ n = 18° θt = 108°
σ n = 200 MPa 200 = σ x cos 2 (18° ) + σ y sin 2 (18° ) + 2τ xy sin (18° ) cos (18° )
σ t = 50 MPa 50 = σ x cos 2 (108° ) + σ y sin 2 (108° ) + 2τ xy sin (108° ) cos (108° )
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copyright owner is unlawful.77
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-61
The given values are
3
σ x = 8 ksi σ y = 0 ksi θ aa = 90° + tan −1 = 126.870°
4
σ n = 8 ksi 8 = ( 8 ) cos 2 126.870° + ( 0 ) + 2τ xy sin126.870° cos126.870°
(a) τ xy = τ h = τ v = −5.3333 ksi ≅ −5.33 ksi ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-62
The given values are
5
σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = 25 MPa θ ab = 90° + tan −1 = 112.620°
12
σ n = 15 MPa 15 = σ x cos 2 (112.620° ) + ( 0 ) + 2 ( 25 ) sin (112.620° ) cos (112.620° )
(a) σ x = +221.40 MPa ≅ 221 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
(b)
= − ( −221.40 ) − ( 0 ) sin θ ab cos θ ab + ( 25 ) cos 2 θ ab − sin 2 θ ab
τ ab = +61.0 MPa ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-63*
The given values are
σ y = 2σ x τ xy = 0 ksi θ = 35°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= σ x cos 2 ( 35° ) + ( 2σ x ) sin 2 ( 35° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 10 ksi
σ x ≤ 7.52451 ksi
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − σ x − ( 2σ x ) sin ( 35° ) cos ( 35° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 7 ksi
σ x ≤ 14.8985 ksi
(σ x )max = 7.52 ksi .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-64
The given values are θbb = 126.870° θ cc = 36.870°
σ bb = 125 MPa 125 = σ x cos 2 (126.87° ) + σ y sin 2 (126.87° ) + ( 0 )
σ cc = −225 MPa −225 = σ x cos 2 ( 36.87° ) + σ y sin 2 ( 36.87° ) + ( 0 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-65
P
The given values are σx = ksi σ y = 0 ksi τ xy = 0 ksi
4
σ ab = 12 ksi 12 = σ x cos 2 θ + ( 0 ) + ( 0 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-66
(a) σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = ( 60 ) cos2 θ + ( 0 ) + 2 ( −40 ) sin θ cos θ MPa .............................................. Ans.
{ }
τ nt = − ( 60 ) − ( 0 ) sin θ cos θ + ( −40 ) ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ ) MPa ........................ Ans.
(b) At θ = 153.435°
σ max = 80 MPa .........................................Ans.
τ = 0 MPa .................................................Ans.
At θ = 63.435°
σ min = −20 MPa .......................................Ans.
τ = 0 MPa .................................................Ans.
(c) At θ = 108.435°
τ max = 50 MPa ..........................................Ans.
σ = 30 MPa ..............................................Ans.
At θ = 18.435°
τ min = −50 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
σ = 30 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-67
(a) σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = (18 ) cos 2 θ + (13) sin 2 θ + 2 ( 6 ) sin θ cos θ ksi ..................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
{ }
= − (18 ) − (13) sin θ cos θ + ( 6 ) ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ ) ksi ................................ Ans.
(b) At θ = 33.69°
σ max = 22 ksi ............................................Ans.
τ = 0 MPa .................................................Ans.
At θ = 123.69°
σ min = 9 ksi ...............................................Ans.
τ = 0 MPa .................................................Ans.
(c) At θ = 168.69°
τ max = 6.5 ksi ............................................Ans.
σ = 15.5 ksi ..............................................Ans.
At θ = 78.69°
τ max = −6.5 ksi ................................................................................................................. Ans.
σ = 15.5 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-68
Note that the θ on the figure is for the surface rather
than for the normal to the surface. Therefore, need to
use φ = 90° − θ in the transformation equations.
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ
+2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −10 ) cos 2 φ + ( −70 ) sin 2 φ
+2 ( 40 ) sin φ cos φ
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ
+τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-69
The given values are
σ x = −15 ksi σ y = 10 ksi τ xy = 8 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 (8)
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −16.310°, 73.690°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −15) − (10 )
When θ p = −16.310°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −15 ) cos 2 θ p + (10 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( 8 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −17.341 ksi = σ p 2
σ p1 = σ x + σ y − σ p 2 = 12.341 ksi
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 14.841 ksi
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = −2.500 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-70
The given values are
σ x = 50 MPa σ y = 20 MPa τ xy = 40 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 40 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 34.722°, − 55.278°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 50 ) − ( 20 )
When θ p = 34.722°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 50 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 20 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( 40 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 77.720 MPa = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −7.720 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 42.720 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 35.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-71
The given values are
σ x = −15 ksi σ y = 10 ksi τ xy = 8 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 (8)
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −16.310°, 73.690°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −15) − (10 )
When θ p = −16.310°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −15 ) cos 2 θ p + (10 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( 8 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −17.341 ksi = σ p 2
σ p1 = σ x + σ y − σ p 2 = 12.341 ksi
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 14.841 ksi
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = −2.500 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-72
The given values are
σ x = 200 MPa σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = 25 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 25 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 7.018°, − 82.982°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 200 ) − ( 0 )
When θ p = 7.018°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 200 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 0 ) + 2 ( 25 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 203.078 MPa = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −3.078 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 103.078 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 100.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-73
The given values are
σ x = 12 ksi σ y = −4 ksi τ xy = −6 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −6 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −18.435°, 71.565°
2 σ x −σ y 2 (12 ) − ( −4 )
When θ p = −18.435°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (12 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −4 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −6 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 14.000 ksi = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −6.000 ksi
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 10.000 ksi
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 4.000 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-74
The given values are
σ x = 75 MPa σ y = −25 MPa τ xy = −35 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −35 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −17.496°, 72.504°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 75 ) − ( −25)
When θ p = −17.496°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 75 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −25 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −35 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 86.033 MPa = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −36.033 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 61.033 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 25.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-75
The given values are
σ x = 25 ksi σ y = 12 ksi τ xy = −10 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −10 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −28.488°, 61.512°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 25) − (12 )
When θ p = −28.488°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 25 ) cos 2 θ p + (12 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −10 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 30.427 ksi = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = 6.573 ksi
τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 11.927 ksi σ n = 18.500 ksi
τ max = (σ max − σ min ) 2 = 15.213 ksi σ n = 15.213 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-76
The given values are
σ x = 36 MPa σ y = 26 MPa τ xy = 12 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 (12 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 33.690°, − 56.310°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 36 ) − ( 26 )
When θ p = 33.690°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 36 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 26 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 (12 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 44.000 MPa = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = 18.000 MPa
τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 13.00 MPa σ n = 31.00 MPa
τ max = (σ max − σ min ) 2 = 22.00 MPa σ n = 22.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-77
The given values are
σ x = −2 ksi σ y = −14 ksi τ xy = −8 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −8 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −26.565°, 63.435°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −2 ) − ( −14 )
When θ p = −26.565°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −2 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −14 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −8 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 2.000 ksi = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −18.00 ksi
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 10.00 ksi
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = −8.00 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-78
The given values are
σ x = −170 MPa σ y = 0 MPa τ xy = −70 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −70 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 19.736°, − 70.264°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −170 ) − ( 0 )
When θ p = 19.736°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −170 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 0 ) + 2 ( −70 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −195.114 MPa = σ p 2
σ p1 = σ x + σ y − σ p 2 = 25.114 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 110.114 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = −85.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-79
The given values are
σ x = σ y = 0 ksi τ xy = 15 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 (15 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 45.00°, − 45.00°
2 σ x −σ y 2 (0) − (0)
When θ p = 45.00°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 0 ) + ( 0 ) + 2 (15 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 15.00 ksi = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −15.00 ksi
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 15.00 ksi
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 0 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-80
(a) The given values are
σ x = −27 MPa σ y = 45 MPa τ xy = 0 MPa θ ab = −57°
σ n = ( −27 ) cos 2 ( −57° ) + ( 45 ) sin 2 ( −57° ) + ( 0 )
σ ab = 23.6 MPa(T) ...................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − ( −27 ) − ( 45 ) sin ( −57° ) cos ( −57° ) + ( 0 )
τ ab = −32.9 MPa .......................................................... Ans.
(b) Since there are no shear stresses on the horizontal and vertical surfaces, they are principal surfaces and the
stresses on them are principal stresses.
σ p1 = σ y = 45 MPa
σ p 2 = σ x = −27 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 36.00 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 9.00 MPa
σ p1 = 45.0 MPa (T) ↑ .................................................................................................. Ans.
σ p 2 = 27.0 MPa (C) → ............................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p = 36.0 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-81
The given values are
σ x = (T) σ y = (C) τ xy = 8 ksi σ p1 = 12 ksi σ p 2 = −20 ksi
We know that σ x + σ y = σ p1 + σ p 2 = −8 ksi
σx +σ y σ −σ y σ −σ y
2 2
−8
σ p1 = + x + τ xy = + x + ( 8 ) = 12 ksi
2 2
and that
2 2 2 2
which gives σ x − σ y = 27.71281 ksi
Therefore
σ x = 9.85641 ksi σ y = −17.85641 ksi
1 2τ xy 1 2 (8)
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 15.00°, − 75.00°
2 σ x −σ y 2 27.71281
When θ p = 15.00°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 9.85641) cos 2 θ p + ( −17.85641) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( 8 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 12 ksi = σ p1
σ x = 9.86 ksi (T) ............................................................................................................ Ans.
σ y = 17.86 ksi (C) .......................................................................................................... Ans.
θ p1 = 15.00° ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-83
The given values are
σ y = −σ C σ x = −4σ C = 4σ y τ xy = 0 ksi θ = −30°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −4σ C ) cos 2 ( −30° ) + ( −σ C ) sin 2 ( −30° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ −300 psi
σ C ≤ 92.3 psi
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( −4σ C ) − ( −σ C ) sin ( −30° ) cos ( −30° ) + ( 0 ) ≤ 125 psi
σ C ≤ 96.2 psi
(σ C )max = 92.3 psi .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-84
(a) The given values are
σ x = −10 MPa σ y = −70 MPa τ xy = 40 MPa θ ab = −28°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −10 ) cos 2 ( −28° ) + ( −70 ) sin 2 ( −28° ) + 2 ( 40 ) sin ( −28° ) cos ( −28° )
σ ab = −56.4 MPa = 56.4 MPa (C) ............................................................................. Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( −10 ) − ( −70 ) sin ( −28° ) cos ( −28° ) + ( 40 ) cos 2 ( −28° ) − sin 2 ( −28° )
τ ab = 47.2 MPa ..........................................................................................Ans.
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 40 )
(b) θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 26.565°, − 63.435°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −10 ) − ( −70 )
When θ p = 26.565°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −10 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −70 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( 40 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 10.00 MPa = σ p1
σ p 2 = σ x + σ y − σ p1 = −90.00 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 50.00 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = −40.00 MPa
σ p1 = 10.00 MPa (T) 26.565° ............................................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 90.0 MPa (C) 63.565° ................................................................................ Ans.
τ max = τ p = 50.0 MPa .................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-85
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = σ p1 = 10 ksi
σ y = σ p 2 = 0 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
10 + 0
a= = 5 ksi
2
10 − 0
R= = 5 ksi
2
σ aa = 5 + 5cos 90° = 5 ksi (T) ................................................................Ans.
τ aa = 5sin 90° = 5 ksi (CW) = −5 ksi ...................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-86
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = σ y = 0 MPa
τ xy = 40 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
R = 40 MPa
σ aa = σ p 2 = −40 MPa = 40 MPa (C) ...................................................Ans.
τ aa = 0 MPa ................................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-87
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = σ p1 = 12 ksi
σ y = σ p 2 = −16 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
12 + ( −16 )
a= = −2 ksi
2
12 − ( −16 )
R= = 14 ksi
2
σ ab = −2 + 14 cos 52° = 6.62 ksi (T) .....................................................Ans.
τ ab = 14sin 52° = 11.03 ksi (CCW) = +11.03 ksi .............................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-88
The given values for use in drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = σ p 2 = −27 MPa
σ y = σ p1 = 45 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
a=
( −27 ) + 45 = 9 MPa
2
45 − ( −27 )
R= = 36 MPa
2
σ ab = 9 + 36 cos 66° = 23.6 MPa (T) ....................................................Ans.
τ ab = 36sin 66° = 32.9 MPa (CW) = −32.9 MPa .............................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-89
The given values for use in drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 25 ksi
σ y = 7 ksi
τ xy = 12 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
25 + 7
a= = 16.00 ksi
2
R = 92 + 122 = 15.00 ksi
φ 1 12
θ p1 = tan −1 = 26.57° (CCW)
=
2 2 9
σ p1 = 16.00 + 15.00 = 31.0 ksi (T) 26.57° ......................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 16.00 − 15.00 = 1.0 ksi (T) 63.43° ............................................................ Ans.
τ p = R = 15 ksi ................................................................................................................ Ans.
τ max = (σ max − σ min ) 2 = ( 31 − 0 ) 2 = 15.5 ksi (out of plane) ............................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-90
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 50 MPa
σ y = 20 MPa
τ xy = 40 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
50 + 20
a= = 35.00 MPa
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-91
The given values for use in drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = −15 ksi
σ y = 10 ksi
τ xy = 8 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
a=
( −15) + 10 = −2.50 ksi
2
R = 12.52 + 82 = 14.841 ksi
φ 1 8
θ p2 = tan −1
= = 16.31° (CW)
2 2 12.5
σ p1 = −2.50 + 14.84 = 12.34 ksi (T) 73.69° ........... Ans.
σ p 2 = −2.50 − 14.84 = −17.34 ksi = 17.34 ksi (C) 16.31° ............................. Ans.
τ max = τ p = R = 14.84 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-92
The given values for use in drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 50 MPa σ y = 0 MPa
τ xy = 25 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
a = ( 50 + 0 ) 2 = 25.00 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-93
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 25 ksi
σ y = 12 ksi
τ xy = −10 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
25 + 12
a= = 18.50 ksi
2
R = 6.52 + 102 = 11.927 ksi
φ 1 10
θ p1 = tan −1
= = 28.488° (CW)
2 2 6.5
σ p1 = 18.5 + 11.9 = 30.4 ksi (T) 28.49° ................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 18.50 − 11.93 = 6.57 ksi (T) 61.51° .............. Ans.
τ p = R = 11.93 ksi .....................................................................................Ans.
τ max = (σ max − σ min ) 2 = ( 30.427 − 0 ) 2 ≅ 15.21 ksi (out of plane) .................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-94
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 80 MPa
σ y = −100 MPa
τ xy = −60 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
80 − 100
a= = −10.00 MPa
2
R = 902 + 602 = 108.17 MPa
φ 1 60
θ p1 = = tan −1 = 16.845° (CW)
2 2 90
(b) σ ab = −10 − 108.17 cos 62.310° = −60.3 MPa = 60.3 MPa (C) ....Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-95
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 8 ksi
σ y = 0 ksi
τ xy = −5 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
8+0
a= = 4.00 ksi
2
R = 42 + 52 = 6.403 ksi
φ 1 5
θ p1 = tan −1 = 25.670° (CW)
=
2 2 4
(a) σ p1 = 4.00 + 6.40 = 10.40 ksi (T) 25.67° ......................................Ans.
σ p 2 = 4.00 − 6.40 = −2.40 ksi = 2.40 ksi (C) 64.33° .................Ans.
τ max = τ p = R = 6.40 ksi ...........................................................................Ans.
(b) σ ab = 4.00 + 6.403cos 54.920° = 7.68 ksi (T) ...................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-96
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 20 MPa
σ y = 120 MPa
τ xy = −80 MPa
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 MPa
20 + 120
a= = 70.00 MPa
2
R = 502 + 802 = 94.340 MPa
φ 1 80
θ p1 = = tan −1 = 28.997° (CCW)
2 2 50
(a) σ p1 = 70.00 + 94.3 = 164.3 MPa (T) 61.00° ...................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 70.00 − 94.3 = −24.3 MPa = 24.3 MPa (C) 29.00° ............................. Ans.
τ max = τ p = R = 94.3 MPa ................................................................... Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-97
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 12 ksi
σ y = −6 ksi
τ xy = 10 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
12 + ( −6 )
a= = 3.00 ksi
2
R = 92 + 102 = 13.454 ksi
φ 1 10
θ p1 = tan −1 = 24.006° (CCW)
=
2 2 9
(a) σ p1 = 3.00 + 13.45 = 16.45 ksi (T) 24.01° .......................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 3.00 − 13.45 = −10.45 ksi = 10.45 ksi (C) 65.99° ................................ Ans.
τ max = τ p = R = 13.45 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
(b) σ ab = 3.00 − 13.454 cos 71.987° = −1.160 ksi = 1.160 ksi (C) ......Ans.
τ ab = 13.454sin 71.987° = 12.79 ksi (CCW) = 12.79 ksi ...............Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-98*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 40 MPa σ y = −20 MPa σ z = 20 MPa θ x = 40° θ y = 75°
τ xy = 40 MPa τ yz = 0 MPa τ zx = 30 MPa θ z = 54°
Then
S x = σ x cos θ x + τ yx cos θ y + τ zx cos θ z
= 40 cos 40° + 40 cos 75° + 30 cos 54° = 58.628 MPa
S y = τ xy cos θ x + σ y cos θ y + τ zy cos θ z
= 40 cos 40° − 20 cos 75° + 0 = 25.465 MPa
S z = τ xz cos θ x + τ yz cos θ y + σ z cos θ z
= 30 cos 40° + 0 + 20 cos 54° = 34.737 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-99*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 14 ksi σ y = 12 ksi σ z = 10 ksi θ x = 40° θ y = 60°
τ xy = 4 ksi τ yz = −4 ksi τ zx = 0 ksi θ z = 66.2°
Then
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-100
The given stress values are:
σ x = 60 MPa σ y = 90 MPa σ z = 60 MPa θ x = 60° θ y = 70°
τ xy = 120 MPa τ yz = 75 MPa τ zx = 90 MPa θ z = 37.3°
Then
S x = σ x cos θ x + τ yx cos θ y + τ zx cos θ z
= 60 cos 60° + 120 cos 70° + 90 cos 37.3° = 142.6347 MPa
S y = τ xy cos θ x + σ y cos θ y + τ zy cos θ z
= 120 cos 60° + 90 cos 70° + 75cos 37.3° = 150.4421 MPa
S z = τ xz cos θ x + τ yz cos θ y + σ z cos θ z
= 90 cos 60° + 75cos 70° + 60 cos 37.3° = 118.3797 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-101*
The given stress values are:
σ x = σ y = σ z = 0 ksi θx = θ y = θz
τ xy = 6 ksi τ yz = 10 ksi τ zx = 8 ksi
But cos 2 θ x + cos 2 θ y + cos 2 θ z = 1
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-102
The given stress values are:
σ x = 72 MPa σ y = −32 MPa σ z = 0 MPa θx = θ y = θz
τ xy = 21 MPa τ yz = 0 MPa τ zx = 21 MPa
But cos 2 θ x + cos 2 θ y + cos 2 θ z = 1
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-103*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 12 ksi σ y = −10 ksi σ z = 8 ksi
τ xy = 8 ksi τ yz = −10 ksi τ zx = 12 ksi
σ x + σ y + σ z = 10 ksi
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −412 ksi 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = −3152 ksi3
σ 3p − (10 ) σ p2 + ( −412 ) σ p − ( −3152 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 22.1706 ksi ≅ 22.2 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = 7.3013 ksi ≅ 7.30 ksi (T) ...................................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = σ min = −19.4719 ksi ≅ 19.47 ksi (C) ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-104*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 40 MPa σ y = −20 MPa σ z = 20 MPa
τ xy = 40 MPa τ yz = 0 MPa τ zx = 30 MPa
σ x + σ y + σ z = 40 MPa
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −2900 MPa 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = −30, 000 MPa 3
σ 3p − ( 40 ) σ p2 + ( −2900 ) σ p − ( −30, 000 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 73.7908 MPa ≅ 73.8 MPa (T) ........................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = 9.4107 MPa ≅ 9.41 MPa (T) ............................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = σ min = −43.2014 MPa ≅ 43.2 MPa (C) ........................................................ Ans.
σ max − σ min 73.7908 − ( −43.2014 )
τ max = = = 58.5 MPa .................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-105
The given stress values are:
σ x = 14 ksi σ y = 12 ksi σ z = 10 ksi
τ xy = 4 ksi τ yz = −4 ksi τ zx = 0 ksi
σ x + σ y + σ z = 36 ksi
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = 396 ksi 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = 1296 ksi3
σ 3p − ( 36 ) σ p2 + ( 396 ) σ p − (1296 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 18.00 ksi ≅ 18.00 ksi (T) ..................................................................... Ans.
σ max − σ min 18 − ( 6 )
τ max = = = 6.00 ksi ................................................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-106*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 60 MPa σ y = 90 MPa σ z = 60 MPa
τ xy = 120 MPa τ yz = 75 MPa τ zx = 90 MPa
σ x + σ y + σ z = 210 MPa
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −13, 725 MPa 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = 13,500 MPa 3
σ 3p − ( 210 ) σ p2 + ( −13, 725 ) σ p − (13,500 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 262.485 MPa ≅ 262 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = −1.000 MPa ≅ 1.000 MPa (C) ............................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-107
The given stress values are:
σ x = σ y = σ z = 0 ksi τ xy = 6 ksi τ yz = 10 ksi τ zx = 8 ksi
σ x + σ y + σ z = 0 ksi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-108
The given stress values are:
σ x = 72 MPa σ y = −32 MPa σ z = 0 MPa
τ xy = 21 MPa τ yz = 0 MPa τ zx = 21 MPa
σ x + σ y + σ z = 40 MPa
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −3186 MPa 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = 14,112 MPa 3
σ 3p − ( 40 ) σ p2 + ( −3186 ) σ p − (14,112 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 81.3151 MPa ≅ 81.3 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = −4.7457 MPa ≅ 4.75 MPa (C) ............................................................ Ans.
σ p 3 = σ min = −36.5695 MPa ≅ 36.6 MPa (C) ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-109*
The given stress values are:
σ x = −18 ksi σ y = −15 ksi σ z = −12 ksi
τ xy = −15 ksi τ yz = 12 ksi τ zx = −9 ksi
(a) σ x + σ y + σ z = −45 ksi
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = 216 ksi 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = 6507 ksi3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-110*
The given stress values are:
σ x = 75 MPa σ y = 35 MPa σ z = 55 MPa
τ xy = 45 MPa τ yz = 28 MPa τ zx = 36 MPa
(131.3380 ) − ( 35 ) m − ( 45 ) l − ( 28 ) n = 0 (2)
(131.3380 ) − ( 55 ) n − ( 36 ) l − ( 28 ) m = 0 (3)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-111
The given stress values are:
σ x = 18 ksi σ y = 12 ksi σ z = 6 ksi
τ xy = 12 ksi τ yz = −6 ksi τ zx = 9 ksi
(a) σ x + σ y + σ z = 36 ksi
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = 135 ksi 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = −2484 ksi3
σ 3p − ( 36 ) σ p2 + (135 ) σ p − ( −2484 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 28.0170 ksi ≅ 28.0 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = 14.2186 ksi ≅ 14.22 ksi (T) .................................................................. Ans.
σ p 3 = σ min = −6.2355 ksi ≅ 6.24 ksi (C) .................................................................. Ans.
σ max − σ min 28.0170 − ( −6.2355 )
τ max = = = 17.13 ksi ........................................ Ans.
2 2
(b) For σ p1 = 28.0170 ksi
( 28.0170 ) − (18 ) l − (12 ) m − ( 9 ) n = 0 (1)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-112
The given stress values are:
σ x = 100 MPa σ y = −100 MPa σ z = 80 MPa
τ xy = 50 MPa τ yz = −70 MPa τ zx = −64 MPa
(a) σ x + σ y + σ z = 80 MPa
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −21, 496 MPa 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = −632, 400 MPa 3
σ 3p − ( 80 ) σ p2 + ( −21, 496 ) σ p − ( −632, 400 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 179.9330 MPa ≅ 179.9 MPa (T) ....................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = σ int = 27.5659 MPa ≅ 27.6 MPa (T) ............................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-113*
From a free-body diagram of the ring C,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TCE sin15° − TBC = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TCE cos15° − 2000 = 0
TCE = 2070.552 lb
TBC = 535.898 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-114*
From a free-body diagram of the pin B, the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : −TAB + TBC cos 60° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TBC sin 60° − 75 = 0
TAB = 43.30127 kN TBC = 86.60254 kN
σ AB = = ≤ 75 (106 ) N m 2
AAB AAB
(86.6025410 3
) ≤ 75 10
σ BC
T
= BC =
ABC ABC
( ) 6
N m2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-115
From a free-body diagram of the pin B,
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAB cos 30° + TBC cos 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB sin 30° − TBC sin 30° − 7500 = 0
TAB = 7500 lb TBC = −7500 lb
Then, from a free-body diagram of the pin B
the equations of equilibrium give
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAC cos 60° + TCD cos 30° − TBC cos 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAC sin 60° − TCD sin 30° + TBC sin 30° − 9000 = 0
TAC = 7794.229 lb
P = −12, 000 lb
TAC 7794.229
σ AC = = = 5277 psi ≅ 5.28 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
A 1.477
T 12, 000
σ CD = CD = ≤ 3500 psi
A ACD
ACD ≥ 3.43 in.2 ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-116*
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-117
The given values are
σ x = 12 ksi σ y = 28 ksi τ xy = 7 ksi θ ab = 23°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (12 ) cos 2 ( 23° ) + ( 28 ) sin 2 ( 23° ) + 2 ( 7 ) sin ( 23° ) cos ( 23° )
σ ab = +19.48 ksi = 19.48 ksi (T) ...........................................................Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − (12 ) − ( 28 ) sin ( 23° ) cos ( 23° ) + ( 7 ) cos 2 ( 23° ) − sin 2 ( 23° )
τ ab = +10.62 ksi .........................................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-118
The given values are
σ x = −35 MPa σ y = 45 MPa τ xy = −18 MPa
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −18 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 12.114°, − 77.886°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −35) − ( 45)
When θ p = 12.114°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −35 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 45 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −18 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −38.863 MPa = σ p 2
σ p1 = σ x + σ y − σ p 2 = 48.863 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 43.863 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 5 MPa
σ p1 = 48.9 MPa (T) 77.89° ................................. Ans.
σ p 2 = 38.9 MPa (C) 12.11° ................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p = 43.9 MPa .................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-119*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
σ x = 13 ksi
σ y = 7 ksi
τ xy = −4 ksi
σ z = σ p 3 = 0 ksi
13 + 7
a= = 10.00 ksi
2
R = 32 + 42 = 5.00 ksi
φ 1 4
θ p1 = tan −1 = 26.57° (CW)
=
2 2 3
(a) σ p1 = 10.00 + 5.00 = 15.00 ksi (T) 26.57° ......................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 10.00 − 5.00 = 5.0 ksi (T) 63.43° ............................................................. Ans.
τ p = R = 5 ksi .................................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = (σ max − σ min ) 2 = (15 − 0 ) 2 = 7.50 ksi (out of plane) ............................. Ans.
(b) σ ab = 10 − 5.00 cos 66.870° = 8.04 ksi = 8.04 ksi (T) ......................Ans.
τ ab = 5.00sin 66.870° = 4.60 ksi (CW) = −4.60 ksi ........................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-120
The given stress values are:
σ x = 53 MPa σ y = −28 MPa σ z = 36 MPa θ x = 40° θ y = 75°
τ xy = 24 MPa τ yz = −18 MPa τ zx = 46 MPa θ z = 54°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-120 (cont.)
(b) σ x + σ y + σ z = 61 MPa
σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 = −3600 MPa 2
σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx = −71,828 MPa 3
σ 3p − ( 61) σ p2 + ( −3600 ) σ p − ( −71,828 ) = 0
σ p1 = σ max = 91.7133 MPa ≅ 91.7 MPa (T) ........................................................... Ans.
91.7133 − ( −47.2785 )
σ max − σ min
τ max = = = 69.5 MPa ..................................... Ans.
2 2
(c) For σ p1 = 91.7133 MPa
( 91.7133) − ( 53) l − ( 24 ) m − ( 46 ) n = 0 (1)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
2-121 Equation 2-22 is
σ 3p − (σ x + σ y + σ z ) σ p2 + (σ xσ y + σ yσ z + σ zσ x − τ xy2 − τ yz2 − τ zx2 ) σ p
− (σ xσ yσ z − σ xτ yz2 − σ yτ zx2 − σ zτ xy2 + 2τ xyτ yzτ zx ) = 0
(σ +σ y ) ± (σ + σ y ) − 4 (σ xσ y − τ xy2 ) (σ +σ y ) (σ + σ y ) − 4 (σ xσ y − τ xy2 )
2 2
σp =
x x
= ±
x x
2 2 4
(σ +σ y ) σ x2 − 2σ xσ y + σ y2
+τ
(σ +σ y ) σ x −σ y
2
= ± = ± + τ xy
x 2 x 2
xy
2 4 2 2
which is Eq. 2-15.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-1*
∆L 0.625
ε= = = 0.00208 in./in. = 2080 µ in./in. ................................................. Ans.
L ( 25 )(12 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-2*
∆L ∆L
ε= 1200 (10−6 ) =
L 400
∆L = 0.480 mm ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-3
∆L 1.5 + 0.450 ( 2 )
ε avg = = = 0.300 in./in. ..................................................................... Ans.
L 8
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-4
∆L 5 + 5.5 + 6.5 + 9 + 19.5 + 7 + 6 + 5
(a) ε avg = = ε avg = 0.317 m/m .................. Ans.
L 200
9 + 19.5
(b) ε avg =
50
(ε )
avg max = 0.570 m/m .................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-5*
∆y 0.1
γ= = = 0.0200 in./in. = 0.0200 rad ................................................................... Ans.
Lx 0.5
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-6*
0.380 0.200
γ xy = tan −1 + tan −1 = 0.08938° = 0.001560 rad
500 250
γ xy = 1560 µ rad ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-7
γ xy = 90° − 89.92° = 0.0800° = 0.001396 rad = 1396 µ rad ........................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-8
(a) LAB = 22 + 1992 = 199.01005 mm
LAB − 200 −0.98995
ε avg = = = −0.00495 m/m = −4950 µ m/m .............................. Ans.
200 200
∆x 2
(b) γ= = = 0.0100 rad ................................................................................................ Ans.
Ly 200
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-9*
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-10*
δ D = ε D LD = 0.0075 (150 ) = 1.1250 mm
e b
= e = 2b
100 50
(a) b = δ D + 0.09 mm e = δ CE
δ CE = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) = 2 (1.1250 + 0.09 ) = 2.4300 mm
δ CE 2.4300
ε CE = = = 0.00810 m/m = 8100 µ m/m .................................................... Ans.
LCE 300
(b) b = δ D + 0.09 mm e = δ CE + 0.10 mm
(δ CE + 0.10 ) = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) = 2 (1.12500 + 0.09 ) = 2.4300 mm
δ CE = 2.3300 mm
δ CE 2.3300
ε CE = = = 0.00777 m/m = 7770 µ m/m .................................................... Ans.
LCE 300
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-11
∆d 2.15 − 2.00
(a) ε avg = = = 0.0750 in./in. .....................................Ans.
d 2.00
∆circ circ′ − circ 2π d ′ − 2π d d ′ − d ∆d
(b) ε circ = = = = =
circ circ 2π d d d
∆d
ε circ = = ε d = 0.0750 in./in. .......................................................Ans.
d
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-12*
ε = kx 2 1250 (10−6 ) = k (1500 )
2
∆L 5.00
(b) ε avg = = = 0.001667 m/m = 1667 µ m/m ............................................... Ans.
L 3000
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-13
δ B = ε B LB = 0.0014 (15 ) = 0.02100 in.
a b 5b
= a=
10 6 3
a = δ AD b = δ B + 0.009 in.
5 (δ B + 0.009 ) 5 ( 0.02100 + 0.009 )
δ AD = = = 0.05000 in.
3 3
δ 0.05000
ε AD = AD = = 0.001000 in./in. = 1000 µ in./in. ...............Ans.
LAD 50
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-14
1.5° = 0.02618 rad
a = 55 ( 0.02618 ) = 1.43990 mm
b = 42.5 ( 0.02618 ) = 1.11265 mm
a 1.43990
α = tan −1 = tan −1 = 6.5710° = 0.1147 rad
12.5 12.5
b 1.11265
β = tan −1 = tan −1 = 5.0866° = 0.0888 rad
12.5 12.5
(a) γ rθ = α = 0.1147 rad ............................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) γ rθ = β = 0.0888 rad ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-15*
20sin 45° + 0.4
α = R P′QR = tan −1
20 cos 45°
= 45.7989°
θ ′ = R QP′R = 180° − 2α
= 180° − 2 ( 45.7989° ) = 88.4021°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-16*
The given values are
ε x = −2000 µ m/m ε y = −1500 µ m/m
γ xy = 1250 µ rad θ n = −35°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-17*
The given values are
ε x = 880 µ in./in. ε y = 960 µ in./in. γ xy = −750 µ rad
(a) θ AC = tan −1 ( 2 4 ) = 26.565°
ε AC = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 880 ) cos 2 ( 26.565° ) + ( 960 ) sin 2 ( 26.565° ) + ( −750 ) sin ( 26.565° ) cos ( 26.565° )
ε AC = 596 µ in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) θ BD = − tan −1 ( 2 4 ) = −26.565°
ε BD = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 880 ) cos 2 ( −26.565° ) + ( 960 ) sin 2 ( −26.565° ) + ( −750 ) sin ( −26.565° ) cos ( −26.565° )
ε BD = 1196 µ in./in. ................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-18
The given values are
ε x = 1750 µ m/m ε y = −2200 µ m/m γ xy = −800 µ rad
(a) θ n = −45° θt = +45°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= (1750 ) cos 2 ( −45° ) + ( −2200 ) sin 2 ( −45° ) + ( −800 ) sin ( −45° ) cos ( −45° )
ε n = 175 µ m/m ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-19*
∆L 0.06
(a) εx = = = 0.00200 in./in. = 2000 µ in./in. ........................................................ Ans.
L 30
∆L −0.03
εy = = = −0.00100 in./in. = 1000 µ in./in. ................................................... Ans.
L 30
γ xy = 0 µ rad ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 2000 ) cos 2 ( 30° ) + ( −1000 ) sin 2 ( 30° ) + ( 0 )
ε n = 1250 µ in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-20*
0.02 −1 0.1
θ ′ xy = 90° − tan −1
+ tan = 90.03438°
50 100
∆L
= 501(10−6 ) m/m = 500 µ m/m ............................................. Ans.
0.0500500
εx = x =
Lx 100
∆Ly 49.9900040 − 50
εy = = = −199.9 (10−6 ) m/m = −199.9 µ m/m ..................... Ans.
Ly 50
γ xy = 90° − θ xy′ = −0.03438° = −600 (10−6 ) rad = −600 µ rad .................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-21
The given values are
ε x = −800 µ in./in. ε y = 640 µin./in. γ xy = −960 µ rad
θ n = 42° θt = 132°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −800 ) cos 2 ( 42° ) + ( 640 ) sin 2 ( 42° ) + ( −960 ) sin ( 42° ) cos ( 42° )
ε n = −633 µ in./in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.
ε t = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −800 ) cos 2 (132° ) + ( 640 ) sin 2 (132° ) + ( −960 ) sin (132° ) cos (132° )
ε t = 473 µ in./in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ nt = −2 ( ε x − ε y ) sin θ cos θ + γ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= −2 ( −800 ) − ( 640 ) sin ( 42° ) cos ( 42° ) + ( −960 ) cos 2 ( 42° ) − sin 2 ( 42° )
γ nt = 1332 µ rad ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-22
The given values are
ε x = 720 µ m/m ε y = −480 µ m/m γ xy = 360 µ rad
θ n = −30° θt = 60°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 720 ) cos 2 ( −30° ) + ( −480 ) sin 2 ( −30° ) + ( 360 ) sin ( −30° ) cos ( −30° )
ε n = 264 µ m/m ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
ε t = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 720 ) cos 2 ( 60° ) + ( −480 ) sin 2 ( 60° ) + ( 360 ) sin ( 60° ) cos ( 60° )
ε t = −24.1 µ m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ nt = −2 ( ε x − ε y ) sin θ cos θ + γ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= −2 ( 720 ) − ( −480 ) sin ( −30° ) cos ( −30° ) + ( 360 ) cos 2 ( −30° ) − sin 2 ( −30° )
γ nt = 1219 µ rad ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-23
Equation (b) is
(1 + ε n ) dn 2 = (1 + ε x ) dn 2 cos 2 θ + (1 + ε y ) dn 2 sin 2 θ
2 2 2
1 + 2ε n + ε n2 = (1 + 2ε x + ε x2 ) cos 2 θ + (1 + 2ε y + ε y2 ) sin 2 θ
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-24*
The given values are
ε x = ε AD = −600 µ m/m
240
ε AB = −1200 µ m/m θ AB = tan −1 = 50.194°
200
ε BD = 750 µ m/m θ BD = −θ AB = −50.194°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-25*
The given values are
ε x = 1250 µ in./in. ε n = 1575 µ in./in. ε t = 1350 µ in./in.
θ n = 45° θt = 135°
ε n = (1250 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + ε y sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 1575
ε t = (1250 ) cos 2 (135° ) + ε y sin 2 (135° ) + γ xy sin (135° ) cos (135° ) = 1350
0.5ε y + 0.5γ xy = 950
0.5ε y − 0.5γ xy = 725
ε y = 1675 µ in./in. γ xy = 225 µ rad
(a) γ nt = −2 (1250 ) − (1675 ) sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) + ( 225 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) − sin 2 ( 45° )
γ nt = 425 µ rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
(b) ε y = 1675 µ in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-26
The given values are
ε x = 1950 µ m/m ε y = −1625 µ m/m ε n = −1275 µ m/m
sin θ n = 3 5 cos θ n = 4 5
(a) ε n = (1950 ) cos 2 θ n + ( −1625 ) sin 2 θ n + γ xy sin θ n cos θ n = −1275
γ xy = −4037.500 µ rad ≅ −4040 µ rad .............................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-27*
The given values are
ε x = 600 µ in./in. ε y = −200 µ in./in. γ xy = −480 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −480 ) = −15.482°, 74.518°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 600 ) − ( −200 )
When θ p = −15.482°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 600 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −200 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −480 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 666.476 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −266.476 µ in./in.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 932.952 µ rad
ε p1 = +666 µ in./in. 15.48° ................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-28*
The given values are
ε x = 960 µ m/m ε y = −320 µ m/m γ xy = 500 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 500 ) = 10.668°, − 79.332°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 960 ) − ( −320 )
When θ p = 10.668°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 960 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −320 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 500 ) sin θ p cos θ p = 1007.095 µ m/m = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −367.095 µ m/m
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1374.190 µ rad
ε p1 = +1007 µ m/m 10.67° ..............Ans.
ε p 2 = −367 µ m/m 79.33° ................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = 1374 µ rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-29
The given values are
ε x = 900 µ in./in. ε y = −300 µ in./in. γ xy = 480 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 480 ) = 10.901°, − 79.099°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 900 ) − ( −300 )
When θ p = 10.901°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 900 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −300 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 480 ) sin θ p cos θ p = 946.220 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −346.220 µ in./in.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1292.440 µ rad
ε p1 = +946 µ in./in. 10.90° ..................... Ans.
ε p 2 = −346 µ in./in. 79.10° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = 1292 µ rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-30
The given values are
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-31*
The given values are
ε x = 750 µ in./in. ε y = −1000 µ in./in. γ xy = 360 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 360 ) = 5.812°, − 84.188°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 750 ) − ( −1000 )
When θ p = 5.812°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 750 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −1000 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 360 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 768.322 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −1018.322 µ in./in.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1786.64 µ rad
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-32
The given values are
ε x = −750 µ m/m ε y = 410 µ m/m γ xy = −250 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −250 ) = 6.081°, − 83.919°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −750 ) − ( 410 )
When θ p = 6.081°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −750 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 410 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −250 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −763.317 µ m/m = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 423.317 µ m/m
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1186.634 µ rad
ε p1 = +423 µ m/m 83.92° ................... Ans.
ε p 2 = −763 µ m/m 6.08° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = 1187 µ rad .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-33*
The given values are
ε x = 720 µ in./in. ε y = 520 µin./in. γ xy = 480 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 480 ) = 33.690°, − 56.310°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 720 ) − ( 520 )
When θ p = 33.690°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 720 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 520 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 480 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 880 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 360 µ in./in.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 520 µ rad
γ max = ε max − ε min = 880 − 0 = 880 µ rad
ε p1 = +880 µ in./in. 33.69° ..................... Ans.
ε p 2 = +360 µ in./in. 56.31° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ p = 520 µ rad ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-34*
The given values are
ε x = −540 µ m/m ε y = −980 µ m/m γ xy = 560 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 560 ) = 25.921°, − 64.079°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −540 ) − ( −980 )
When θ p = 25.921°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −540 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −980 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 560 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −403.910 µ m/m = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −1116.090 µ m/m
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 712.180 µ rad
ε p1 = −404 µ m/m 25.92° ...........................Ans.
ε p 2 = −1116 µ m/m 64.08° ........................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................Ans.
γ p = 712 µ rad .....................................................Ans.
γ max = ε max − ε min = 0 − ( −1116 ) = 1116 µ rad (out-of-plane) ..................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-35
The given values are
ε x = 864 µ in./in. ε y = 432 µ in./in. γ xy = 288 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 288) = 16.845°, − 73.155°
2 εx −εy 2 (864 ) − ( 432 )
When θ p = 16.845°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 864 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 432 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 288 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 907.600 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 388.400 µ in./in.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 519.200 µ rad
ε p1 = +908 µ in./in. 16.85° ..................... Ans.
ε p 2 = +388 µ in./in. 73.15° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ................................................ Ans.
γ p = 519 µ rad ................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-36*
The given values are
ε x = 900 µ m/m ε y = 650 µ m/m γ xy = 300 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 300 ) = 25.097°, − 64.903°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 900 ) − ( 650 )
When θ p = 25.097°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 900 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 650 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 300 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 970.256 µ m/m = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 579.744 µ m/m
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 390.512 µ rad
ε p1 = +970 µ m/m 25.10° ..................... Ans.
ε p 2 = +580 µ m/m 64.90° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ................................................ Ans.
γ p = 391 µ rad ............................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-37
The given values are
ε x = −325 µ in./in. ε y = −625 µ in./in. γ xy = 680 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 680 ) = 33.097°, − 56.903°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −325) − ( −625 )
When θ p = 33.097°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −325 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −625 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 680 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −103.382 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −846.618 µ in./in.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 743.236 µ rad
ε p1 = −103.4 µ in./in. 33.10° ........................ Ans.
ε p 2 = −847 µin./in. 56.90° ............................ Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................... Ans.
γ p = 743 µ rad ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-38
The given values are
ε x = −900 µ m/m ε y = −650 µ m/m γ xy = −600 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −600 ) = 33.690°, − 56.310°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −900 ) − ( −650 )
When θ p = 33.690°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −900 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −650 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −600 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −1100 µ m/m = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = −450 µ m/m
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 650 µ rad
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-39*
The given values are
ε x = 480 µ in./in. ε y = −1200 µ in./in. ε p 2 = −1400 µ in./in.
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = +680 µ in./in.
680 = + +
2 2 2
γ xy = ±1226.377 µ rad ≅ ±1226 µ rad .............................................................................. Ans.
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( ±1226.377 ) = ±18.064°, m71.936°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 480 ) − ( −1200 )
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 2080 µ rad
Using θ p = +18.064°
ε p1 = +680 µ in./in. 18.06° .........................Ans.
ε p 2 = −1400 µ in./in. 71.94° ......................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2080 µ rad ......................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-40*
The given values are
ε x = 300 µ m/m ε y = −800 µ m/m ε p1 = 1500 µ m/m
1500 = + +
2 2 2
γ xy = ±3322.650 µ rad ≅ ±3320 µ rad .............. Ans.
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( ±3322.650 )
2 εx −εy 2 ( 300 ) − ( −800 )
= ±35.841°, m54.159°
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-41
The given values are
ε x = 800 µ in./in. ε p1 = 1280 µ in./in. γ max = 2400 µ rad
1280 = + +
2 2 2
γ xy = ±1920.00 µ rad ≅ ±1920 µ rad .......... Ans.
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( ±1920 ) = ±26.565°, m63.435°
2 εx −εy 2 (800 ) − ( −640 )
Using θ p = +26.565°
ε p 2 = −1120 µ in./in. 71.94° ......................................................................................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-42
The given values are
ε x = −450 µ m/m ε p 2 = −780 µ m/m γ max = 960 µ rad
180 = +
2 2 2
γ xy = ±911.921 µ rad ≅ ±912 µ rad .................... Ans.
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( ±911.921) = m35.895°, ± 54.105°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −450 ) − ( −150 )
Using θ p = −35.895°
ε p1 = +180.0 µ m/m 54.10° .......................................................................................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-43*
The given values are
γ xy = −1800 µ rad ε p1 = 225 µ in./in. θ p = −30°
tan 2 ( −30° ) =
( −1800 )
εx −ε y
ε x − ε y = 1039.230 µ in./in.
225 = + +
2 2 2
ε x + ε y = −1628.461 µ in./in.
ε x = −294.615 µ in./in. ≅ −295 µ in./in. ........... Ans.
ε y = −1333.845 µ in./in. ≅ −1334 µ in./in. ...................................................................... Ans.
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −1853.461 µ in./in. ≅ −1853 µ in./in.
ε p 2 = −1853 µ in./in. 60° ............................................................................................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 2078 µ rad .................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-44
The given values are
γ xy = 840 µ rad ε p1 = 1100 µ m/m θ p = 20°
tan 2 ( 20° ) =
( 840 )
εx −εy
ε x − ε y = 1001.073 µ m/m
1100 = + +
2 2 2
ε x + ε y = 893.192 µ m/m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-45
The given values are
ε y = −750 µ in./in. γ xy = −750 µ rad ε p 2 = −1500 µ in./in.
−1500 = + x +
2 2 2
ε x = −1312.500 µ in./in. ≅ −1313 µ in./in. ...................................................................... Ans.
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −750 ) = 26.565°, − 63.435°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −1312.5) − ( −750 )
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = −562.500 µ in./in.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 937.500 µ rad
γ max = ε max − ε min = ( 0 ) − ( −1500 ) = 1500 µ rad
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-46*
The given values are
ε y = 750 µ m/m γ xy = −750 µ rad ε p1 = 1000 µ m/m
1000 = + x +
2 2 2
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 187.50 µ m/m
ε p 2 ≅ +187.5 µ m/m ...........................................Ans.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 813 µ rad ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-47*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε p1 = 400 µ in./in.
ε p 2 = −600 µ in./in.
φ
θp = = 18.43°
2
400 + ( −600 )
a= = −100 µ in./in.
2
400 − ( −600 )
R= = 500 µ in./in.
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-48*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε p1 = 945 µ m/m
ε p 2 = −785 µ m/m
φ
θp = = 16.85°
2
945 + ( −785 )
a= = 80 µ m/m
2
945 − ( −785 )
R= = 865 µ m/m
2
ε x = 80 + 865cos 33.70° = +800 µ m/m ................ Ans.
ε y = 80 − 865cos 33.70° = −640 µ m/m ................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-49
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε p1 = 708 µ in./in.
ε p 2 = −104 µ in./in.
φ
θp = = −34.10°
2
708 + ( −104 )
a= = 302 µ in./in.
2
708 − ( −104 )
R= = 406 µ in./in.
2
ε x = 302 + 406 cos 68.20° = +453 µ in./in. ........... Ans.
ε y = 302 − 406 cos 68.20° = +151.2 µ in./in. ........ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-50
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε p1 = −114 µ m/m
ε p 2 = −903 µ m/m
φ
θp = = 19.26°
2
a=
( −114 ) + ( −903) = −508.5 µ m/m
2
R=
( −114 ) − ( −903) = 394.5 µ m/m
2
ε x = −508.5 + 394.5cos 38.52° = −199.8 µ m/m Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-51*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 950 µ in./in.
ε y = −225 µ in./in.
γ xy = −275 µ rad
950 + ( −225 )
a= = 362.5 µ in./in.
2
R= ( 587.5 ) + (137.5) = 603.38 µ in./in.
2 2
φ 1 137.5
θ p1 = tan −1
= = 6.59° (CW)
2 2 587.5
ε p1 = 362.5 + 603.38 = +965.88 µ in./in.
ε p1 ≅ +966 µ in./in. 6.59° ............................ Ans.
ε p 2 = 362.5 − 603.38 = −240.88 µ in./in.
ε p 2 ≅ −241 µ in./in. 83.41° ............................................................................................ Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 1207 µ rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-52*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 900 µ m/m
ε y = −333 µ m/m
γ xy = 982 µ rad
900 + ( −333)
a= = 283.5 µ m/m
2
R= ( 616.5) + ( 491) = 788.133 µ m/m
2 2
φ 1 491
θ p1 = tan −1
= = 19.267° (CCW)
2 2 616.5
ε p1 = 283.5 + 788.133 = +1071.633 µ m/m
ε p1 ≅ +1072 µ m/m 19.27° .......................... Ans.
ε p 2 = 283.5 − 788.133 = −504.633 µ m/m
ε p 2 ≅ −505 µ m/m 70.73° .............................................................................................. Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 1576 µ rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-53
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 750 µ in./in.
ε y = 390 µin./in.
γ xy = −900 µ rad
750 + 390
a= = 570 µ in./in.
2
R= (180 ) + ( 450 ) = 484.66 µ in./in.
2 2
φ 1 450
θ p1 = tan −1
= = 34.100° (CW)
2 2 180
ε p1 = 570 + 484.66 = +1054.66 µ in./in.
ε p1 ≅ +1055 µ in./in. 34.10° ..............Ans.
ε p 2 = 570 − 484.66 = +85.34 µ in./in.
ε p 2 ≅ +85.3 µ in./in. 55.90° ..............Ans.
γ p = 2 R = 969 µ rad .............................................................................................................. Ans.
γ max = ε max − ε min = 1055 − 0 = 1055 µ rad (out-of-plane) ............................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-54
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 600 µ m/m
ε y = 480 µ m/m
γ xy = 480 µ rad
600 + 480
a= = 540 µ m/m
2
R= ( 60 ) + ( 240 ) = 247.386 µ m/m
2 2
φ 1 240
θ p1 = tan −1
= = 37.982° (CCW)
2 2 60
ε p1 = 540 + 247.386 = +787.386 µ m/m
ε p1 ≅ +787 µ m/m 37.98° ..................Ans.
ε p 2 = 540 − 247.386 = +292.614 µ m/m
ε p 2 ≅ +293 µ m/m 52.02° ..................Ans.
γ p = 2 R = 495 µ rad .............................................................................................................. Ans.
γ max = ε max − ε min = 787 − 0 = 787 µ rad (out-of-plane) ............................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-55*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = −680 µ in./in.
ε y = 320 µin./in.
ε p1 = 414 µ in./in.
a=
( −680 ) + ( 320 ) = −180 µin./in.
2
R = 414 + 180 = 594 µ in./in.
φ 1 500
θp = = cos −1 = 16.34°
2 2 594
γ xy = 2 ( 594 ) sin 32.68°
γ xy = ±641 µ rad ..................................................Ans.
ε p 2 = ( −180 ) − 594
ε p 2 = −774 µ in./in. ............................................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 1188 µ rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-56*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 450 µ m/m
ε y = 150 µ m/m
ε p1 = 780 µ m/m
a=
( 450 ) + (150 )
2
= 300 µ m/m
R = 780 − 300 = 480 µ m/m
φ 1 150
θp = = cos −1 = 35.895°
2 2 480
γ xy = 2 ( 480 ) sin 71.790°
γ xy = ±912 µ rad ..................................................Ans.
ε p 2 = ( 300 ) − ( 480 ) = −180 µ m/m ................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 960 µ rad ................................................................................................. Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-57
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = 360 µ in./in.
ε y = 750 µin./in.
ε p 2 = 120 µ in./in.
a=
( 360 ) + ( 750 )
2
= 555 µ in./in.
R = 555 − 120 = 435 µ in./in.
φ 1 195
θp = = cos −1 = 31.683°
2 2 435
γ xy = 2 ( 435 ) sin 63.367°
γ xy = ±778 µ rad ..................................................Ans.
ε p1 = 555 + 435 = +990 µ in./in. ......................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ in./in. ....................................................Ans.
γ p = 2 R = 870 µ rad ...........................................Ans.
γ max = ε max − ε min = 990 − 0 = 990 µ rad (out-of-plane) ................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-58
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = −300 µ m/m
ε y = 600 µ m/m
ε p 2 = −450 µ m/m
a=
( −300 ) + ( 600 )
2
= 150 µ m/m
R = 150 + 450 = 600 µ m/m
φ 1 450
θp = = cos −1 = 20.705°
2 2 600
γ xy = 2 ( 600 ) sin 41.410°
γ xy = ±794 µ rad ..................................................Ans.
ε p1 = (150 ) + ( 600 ) = +750 µ m/m .................Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ......................................................Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 1200 µ rad ............................Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-59*
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 750 µ in./in. ε b = ε 45° = −125 µin./in.
ε c = ε y = −250 µ in./in. ν = 0.30
(b)
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −750 ) = −18.435°, 71.565°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 750 ) − ( −250 )
When θ p = 71.565°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 750 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −250 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −750 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −375 µ in./in. = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 875 µ in./in.
−ν −0.30
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( 750 ) + ( −250 ) = −214 µ in./in.
1 − 0.30
ε p1 = +875 µ in./in. 18.43° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = −375 µ in./in. 71.57° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 3 = −214 µ in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1250 µ rad ..................................................................................... Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-60*
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = −555 µ m/m ε b = ε120° = 925 µ m/m
ε c = ε 240° = 740 µ m/m ν = 0.30
(b)
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −213.620 ) = 3.293°, − 86.707°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −555) − (1295)
When θ p = 3.293°
ε n = ( −555 ) cos 2 θ p + (1295 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −213.620 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −561.146 µ m/m = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 1301.146 µ m/m
−ν −0.30
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( −555 ) + (1295 ) = −317 µ m/m
1 − 0.30
ε p1 = +1301 µ m/m 86.71° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = −561 µ m/m 3.29° ................................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 3 = −317 µ m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-61
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 800 µ in./in. ε c = ε y = 600 µ in./in.
3
ε b = ε n = 950 µ in./in. θb = tan −1 = 36.870° ν = 0.33
4
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 800 ) cos 2 θb + ( 600 ) sin 2 θb + γ xy sin θb cos θ b = 950
Therefore: ε x = +800 µ in./in. .............. ε y = 600 µin./in. ..................................... Ans.
γ xy = 462.500 µ rad ≅ 463 µ rad ............................................................ Ans.
(b)
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 462.5 ) = 33.307°, − 56.693°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 800 ) − ( 600 )
When θ p = 33.307°
ε n = ( 800 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 600 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 462.5 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 951.946 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 448.054 µ in./in.
−ν −0.33
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +εy ) = ( 800 ) + ( 600 ) = −689.55 µ in./in.
1 − 0.33
ε p1 = +952 µ in./in. 33.31° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = +448 µ in./in. 56.69° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 3 = −690 µ in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 504 µ rad ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-62*
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 780 µ m/m ε b = ε120° = 345 µ m/m
ε c = ε 60° = −332 µ m/m ν = 0.33
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 780 ) cos 2 (120° ) + ε y sin 2 (120° ) + γ xy sin (120° ) cos (120° ) = 345
ε c = ( 780 ) cos 2 ( 60° ) + ε y sin 2 ( 60° ) + γ xy sin ( 60° ) cos ( 60° ) = −332
0.75000ε y − 0.43301γ xy = 150
0.75000ε y + 0.43301γ xy = −527
Therefore: ε x = +780 µ m/m ....................................................................................... Ans.
ε y = −251.333 µ m/m ≅ −251 µ m/m ................................................................................ Ans.
γ xy = −781.732 µ rad ≅ −782 µ rad ................................................................................... Ans.
(b)
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −781.732 ) = −18.581°, 71.419°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 780 ) − ( −251.333)
When θ p = −18.581°
ε n = ( 780 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −251.333) sin 2 θ p + ( −781.732 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 911.395 µ m/m = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −382.728 µ m/m
−ν −0.33
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( 780 ) + ( −251.333) = −260.388 µ m/m
1 − 0.33
ε p1 = +911 µ m/m 18.58° ............................................................................................... Ans.
ε p 2 = −383 µ m/m 71.42° .............................................................................................. Ans.
ε p 3 = −260 µ m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-63*
The given values are ε a = ε x = 36 µ in./in. ε b = ε 45° = 310 µ in./in.
ε c = ε y = 150 µ in./in. ν = 0.30
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-64
The given values are ε a = ε x = 525 µ m/m ε b = ε 45° = 450 µ m/m
ε c = ε135° = 1425 µ m/m ν = 0.30
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 525 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + ε y sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 450
ε c = ( 525 ) cos 2 (135° ) + ε y sin 2 (135° ) + γ xy sin (135° ) cos (135° ) = 1425
0.5000ε y + 0.5000γ xy = 187.5
0.5000ε y − 0.5000γ xy = 1162.5
ε y = 1350 µ m/m γ xy = −975 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −975)
2 εx −εy 2 ( 525) − (1350 )
= 24.882°, − 65.118°
When θ p = 24.882°
ε n = ( 525 ) cos 2 θ p + (1350 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −975 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 298.898 µ m/m = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 1576.102 µ m/m
−ν −0.30
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx + εy ) = ( 525 ) + (1350 ) = −803.571 µ m/m
1 − 0.30
ε p1 = +1576 µ m/m 65.12° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = +299 µ m/m 24.88° .............................................................................................. Ans.
ε p 3 = −804 µ m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-65*
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 875 µ in./in. ε c = ε y = 350 µ in./in.
4
ε b = ε n = 700 µ in./in. θb = tan −1 = 53.130° ν = 0.30
3
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 875 ) cos 2 θb + ( 350 ) sin 2 θb + γ xy sin θ b cos θb = 700
γ xy = 335.417 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 335.417 ) = 16.287°, − 73.713°
2 εx −εy 2 (875 ) − ( 350 )
When θ p = 16.287°
ε n = ( 875 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 350 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 335.417 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 924.00 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = 301.00 µ in./in.
−ν
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
(ε x + ε y )
−0.30
= ( 875 ) + ( 350 )
1 − 0.30
= −525.00 µ in./in.
ε p1 = +924 µ in./in. 16.29° ..................... Ans.
ε p 2 = +301 µin./in. 73.71° ..................... Ans.
ε p 3 = −525 µ in./in. ......................................... Ans.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 623 µ rad ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-66
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 875 µ m/m ε b = ε120° = 700 µ m/m
ε c = ε 60° = −650 µ m/m ν = 0.33
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −1558.846 )
2 εx −εy 2 (875 ) − ( −258.333)
= −26.991°, 63.009°
When θ p = −26.991°
ε n = ( 875 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −258.333) sin 2 θ p + ( −1558.846 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 1271.978 µ m/m = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −655.312 µ m/m
−ν −0.33
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( 875 ) + ( −258.333) = −303.732 µ m/m
1 − 0.33
ε p1 = +1272 µ m/m 26.99° ............................ Ans.
ε p 2 = −655 µ m/m 63.01° .............................. Ans.
ε p 3 = −304 µ m/m ................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-67*
(a) The given values are ε a = ε x = 800 µ in./in. ε b = ε y = 950 µin./in.
ε c = ε120° = 600 µ in./in. ν = 0.33
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε c = ( 800 ) cos 2 (120° ) + ( 950 ) sin 2 (120° ) + γ xy sin (120° ) cos (120° ) = 600
γ xy = 721.688 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 721.688 ) = −39.129°, 50.871°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 800 ) − ( 950 )
When θ p = −39.129°
ε n = ( 800 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 950 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 721.688) sin θ p cos θ p
= 506.444 µ in./in. = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 1243.556 µ in./in.
−ν −0.33
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +εy ) = ( 800 ) + ( 950 )
1 − 0.33
= −861.94 µ in./in.
ε p1 = +1244 µ in./in. 50.87° ..............................Ans.
ε p 2 = +506 µ in./in. 39.13° ................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-68*
δ BF = ε BF LBF = 400 (10−6 ) (1000 ) = 0.400 mm
b c
=
80 240
c = 3b = 3δ BF = 1.200 mm
δ CE
= 2000 (10−6 ) m/m
c
ε CE = =
LCE 600
ε CE = 2000 µ m/m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-69*
δ AB = ε AB LAB = 0.0015 (15 ) = 0.02250 in.
b f b δ AB
= f = = = 0.00750 in.
6 2 3 3
(a) f = δ EF = 0.00750 in.
δ EF
= 937 (10−6 ) in./in.
0.00750
ε EF = =
LEF 8
ε EF = 937 µ in./in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-70
R2φ
γ A = θA = .................................................. Ans.
R2 − R1
R1φ
γ B = θB = .................................................. Ans.
R2 − R1
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-71*
The given values are
ε x = 3200 µ in./in. ε y = 1500 µ in./in. γ xy = 1000 µ rad θ n = 45°
(a) ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε n = ( 3200 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + (1500 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + (1000 ) sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° )
ε n = 2850 µ in./in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-72
The given values are
ε x = 1500 µ m/m ε y = −1250 µ m/m γ xy = 1000 µ rad
150
θ BD = − tan −1 = −36.870°
200
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε BD = (1500 ) cos 2 θ BD + ( −1250 ) sin 2 θ BD + (1000 ) sin θ BD cos θ BD
ε BD = 30.0 µ m/m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-73
The given values are
ε x = 1000 µ in./in. ε y = −800 µ in./in. γ xy = −800 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −800 ) = −11.981°, 78.019°
2 εx −εy 2 (1000 ) − ( −800 )
When θ p = −11.981°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= (1000 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −800 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −800 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 1084.886 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −884.886 µ in./in.
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1969.772 µ rad
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-74*
The given values are
ε x = −600 µ m/m ε y = 1200 µ m/m γ xy = 2000 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 2000 ) = −24.006°, 65.996°
2 εx −εy 2 ( −600 ) − (1200 )
When θ p = −24.006°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −600 ) cos 2 θ p + (1200 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 2000 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= −1045.362 µ m/m = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 1645.362 µ m/m
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 2690.724 µ rad
ε p1 = +1645 µ m/m 65.99° .......................... Ans.
ε p 2 = −1045 µ m/m 24.01° ......................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m ....................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2690 µ rad ....................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-75
The given values are ε a = ε x = 600 µ in./in. ε b = ε 45° = 500 µ in./in.
ε c = ε y = −200 µ in./in. ν = 0.30
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 600 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + ( −200 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 500
γ xy = 600.00 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( 600 ) = 18.435°, − 71.565°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 600 ) − ( −200 )
When θ p = 18.435°
ε n = ( 600 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −200 ) sin 2 θ p + ( 600 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 700.00 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −300.00 µ in./in.
ε p1 = +700 µ in./in. 18.43° ............................................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = −300 µ in./in. 71.57° ............................................................................................ Ans.
−ν −0.30
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( 600 ) + ( −200 ) = −171.4 µ in./in. ................ Ans.
1 − 0.30
γ max = γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 1000 µ rad ..................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-76*
The given values for use in
drawing Mohr’s circle are
ε x = −800 µ m/m
ε y = 640 µ m/m
γ xy = −960 µ rad
a=
( −800 ) + ( 640 ) = −80 µ m/m
2
R= ( 720 ) + ( 480 ) = 865.332 µ m/m
2 2
φ 1 480
θ p1 = = tan −1 = 16.845° (CCW)
2 2 720
ε p1 = ( −80 ) + ( 865 ) = +785 µ m/m 73.15° ................................................................ Ans.
ε p 2 = ( −80 ) − ( 865 ) = −945 µ m/m 16.85° ............................................................... Ans.
ε p 3 = 0 µ m/m 73.15° ..................................................................................................... Ans.
γ max = γ p = 2 R = 1731 µ rad ............................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
3-77
The given values are ε a = ε x = 800 µ in./in. ε b = ε120° = 960 µ in./in.
ε c = ε 240° = 800 µ in./in. ν = 0.33
ε y = 906.667 µin./in.
γ xy = −184.752 µ rad
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −184.752 ) = 30.00°, − 60.00°
2 εx −εy 2 ( 800 ) − ( 906.667 )
When θ p = 30.00°
ε n = ( 800 ) cos 2 θ p + ( 906.667 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −184.752 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 746.667 µ in./in. = ε p 2
ε p1 = ε x + ε y − ε p 2 = 960.00 µ in./in.
3-77 (cont.)
−ν −0.33
ε p3 = ε z =
1 −ν
( εx +ε y ) = ( 800 ) + ( 906.667 ) = −840.597 µ m/m
1 − 0.33
ε p1 = +960 µ m/m 60.00° ................... Ans.
ε p 2 = +747 µ m/m 30.00° ................... Ans.
ε p 3 = −841 µ m/m ....................................... Ans.
γ p = ε p1 − ε p 2 = 213 µ rad ........................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-1*
π (1.5 )
2
πd2 F 53
A= = = 1.76715 in.2 σ= = = 29.9919 ksi
4 4 A 1.76715
∆L ∆d −0.001
= 666.667 (10−6 ) in./in.
0.48
ε= = = 0.002000 in./in. εt = =
L ( 20 × 12 ) d 1.5
σ 29.9919
E= = = 15, 000 ksi ....................................................................................... Ans.
ε 0.002000
−ε t −666.667 (10−6 )
ν= = = 0.333 .................................................................................. Ans.
εl 0.002000
E 15, 000
G= = = 5630 ksi .......................................................................... Ans.
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.333)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-2*
π ( 0.015 )
2
πd2
A= = = 176.715 (10−6 ) mm 2
4 4
62.6 (103 )
= 354.244 (106 ) N/m 2 = 354.244 MPa
F
σ= =
A 176.715 (10 )
−6
∆L 0.90 ∆d −0.022
ε= = = 0.004500 m/m εt = = = −1.46667 (10−3 ) m/m
L 200 d 15
σ 354.244 (10 ) = 78.721 10 N/m
6
E= =
ε 0.004500
( ) 9 2
≅ 78.7 GPa ......................................... Ans.
−ε t − ( −1.46667 ) (10−3 )
ν= = = 0.326 ........................................................................... Ans.
εl 0.004500
σ = σ PL = 354 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-3
F 10
(a) σ= = = 20.0 ksi ........................................................................................... Ans.
A ( 2 )( 0.25 )
σ 20
(b) E= = = 15, 000 ksi ................................................................................. Ans.
ε 0.08 ( 5 × 12 )
(c) ν = −ε t ε l
− (δ 0.25 0.25 )
0.25 = δ 0.25 = −0.0000833 in. ........................................................ Ans.
0.08 ( 5 ×12 )
− (δ 2 2 )
0.25 = δ 2 = −0.000667 in. ............................................................. Ans.
0.08 ( 5 ×12 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-4*
Ao = π ( 5.64 ) 4 = 24.98 mm 2
2
= 24.98 (10−6 ) m 2
∆D = νε frac D = 0.30 ( 0.115 )( 5.64 )
= 0.19458 mm
Af = π ( 5.64 − 0.19458 ) 4
2
∆σ (139 − 0 ) (10 )
6
(h) Et =
∆ε
≅
0.06 − 0.04
( ) 6 2
= 850 MPa .................................... Ans.
∆σ ( 410 − 0 ) (10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-5
Ao = π ( 0.25 ) 4 = 0.04909 in.2
2
Pf σ f Ao 65 ( 0.04909 )
(g) σ ft = = ≅ = 90 ksi ..................................................................... Ans.
Af Af 0.03530
∆σ 64 − 50
(h) Et = ≅ = 467 ksi ...................................................................................... Ans.
∆ε 0.06 − 0.03
∆σ 56 − 0
(i) Es = ≅ = 1400 ksi ............................................................................................. Ans.
∆ε 0.04
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-6
Ao = π ( 5.64 ) 4 = 24.98 mm 2
2
= 24.98 (10−6 ) m 2
Af = π ( 4.75 ) 4
2
∆σ ( 225 − 0 ) (10 )
6
(a) E= ≅
∆ε 0.0012 − 0
E ≅ 187 (109 ) N/m 2 = 187 GPa ........................................................................................ Ans.
(b) σ PL ≅ 270 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) σ ult ≅ 510 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
Pf σ f Ao 450 ( 24.98 )
(g) σ ft = = ≅ = 634 MPa ................................................................. Ans.
Af Af 17.72
(h) Et =
∆ε
≅
0.04 − 0.02
( ) 9 2
= 2.50 GPa .................................. Ans.
(i) Es =
∆ε
≅
0.03
( ) 9 2
= 14.67 GPa .................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-7*
Ao = π ( 0.505 ) 4 = 0.200 in.2 Af = π ( 0.425 ) 4 = 0.142 in.2
2 2
First calculate stresses and strains from the given data and draw the σ −ε diagram (next page). Then, from the
σ − ε diagram:
∆σ 32 − 0
(a) E= ≅ = 26, 700 ksi .................................................................................. Ans.
∆ε 0.0012 − 0
(b) σ PL ≅ 38 ksi ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
(c) σ ult ≅ 73 ksi ................................................. Ans.
Pf σ f Ao 13
(g) σ ft = = ≅ = 91 ksi ........ Ans.
Af Af 0.142
∆σ 7.75
(h) Et = ≅ = 2400 ksi ................ Ans.
∆ε 0.0032
∆σ 46 − 0
(i) Es = ≅ = 14, 400 ksi ....................................................................................... Ans.
∆ε 0.0032
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-8
Ao = π (11.28 ) 4 = 99.93 mm 2
2
Af = π ( 9.50 ) 4 = 70.88 mm 2
2
∆σ ( 222 − 0 ) (10 )
6
(a) E= ≅
∆ε 0.0012 − 0
E ≅ 185 (109 ) N/m 2 = 185 GPa ........................................................................................ Ans.
(b) σ PL ≅ 270 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) σ ult ≅ 510 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
Pf σ f Ao 450 ( 99.93)
(g) σ ft = = ≅ = 634 MPa ................................................................. Ans.
Af Af 70.88
∆σ 80 (10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-9*
The given values are
ε x = 900 µ in./in. ε y = −300 µ in./in. γ xy = −400 µ rad
E = 10, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
2 ( x
ε +νε y ) = 900 ) + 0.30 ( −300 ) (10−6 )
E 10, 000
2 (
σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ x = +8.90 ksi = 8.90 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
2 ( y
ε +νε x ) = −300 ) + 0.30 ( 900 ) (10−6 )
E 10, 000
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ y = −0.330 ksi = 0.330 ksi (C) ....................................................................................... Ans.
E 10, 000
G= = = 3846.15 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = 3846.15 ( −400 ×10−6 ) = −1.538 ksi .......................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-10*
The given values are
ε x = 1175 µ m/m ε y = −1250 µ m/m γ xy = 850 µ rad
E = 190 GPa ν = 0.25
(190 ×103 )
1175 ) + 0.25 ( −1250 ) (10−6 )
σx =
E
(ε x +νε y ) = 2 (
1 −ν 2 1 − ( 0.25 )
σ x = +174.8 MPa = 174.8 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
(190 × 103 )
−1250 ) + 0.25 (1175 ) (10−6 )
2 ( y
ε +νε x ) =
E
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.25 )
σ y = −193.8 MPa = 193.8 MPa (C) ................................................................................ Ans.
E 190
G= = = 76.00 GPa
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.25 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = ( 76.0 × 103 )( 850 ×10−6 ) = +64.6 MPa ..................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-11
The given values are
ε x = 500 µ in./in. ε y = 250 µ in./in. γ xy = 150 µ rad
E = 15, 000 ksi ν = 0.34
2 ( x
ε +νε y ) = 500 ) + 0.34 ( 250 ) (10−6 )
E 15, 000
2 (
σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.34 )
σ x = +9.92 ksi = 9.92 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
2 ( y
ε +νε x ) = 250 ) + 0.34 ( 500 ) (10−6 )
E 15, 000
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.34 )
σ y = +7.12 ksi = 7.12 ksi (T) ............................................................................................ Ans.
E 15, 000
G= = = 5597.01 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.34 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = 5597.01(150 × 10−6 ) = +0.840 ksi ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-12
The given values are
ε x = 1000 µ m/m ε y = 400 µ m/m γ xy = 800 µ rad
E = 210 GPa ν = 0.25
( 210 ×103 )
σx =
E
(ε x +νε y ) = 1000 ) + 0.25 ( 400 ) (10−6 )
2 (
1 −ν 2 1 − ( 0.25 )
σ x = +246 MPa = 246 MPa (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.
( 210 ×10 ) 400 + 0.25 1000 10−6
3
2 ( y
ε +νε x ) = ) ( )
E
2 ( ) (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.25 )
σ y = +145.6 MPa = 145.6 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
E 210
G= = = 84.00 GPa
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.25 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = ( 84.0 ×103 )( 800 × 10−6 ) = +67.2 MPa ..................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-13*
The given values are
σ x = 15, 000 psi σ y = 5000 psi σ z = 7500 psi E = 30, 000 ksi
τ xy = 5500 psi τ yz = 4750 psi τ zx = 3200 psi ν = 0.30
E 30, 000
G= = = 11,538.46 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
σ x −ν (σ y + σ z ) 15, 000 − 0.30 ( 5000 + 7500 )
εx = =
E ( 30 ×10 ) 6
τ zx
= +277 (10−6 ) rad = +277 µ rad ................................... Ans.
3200
γ zx = =
G (11.53846 ×10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-14*
The given values are
σ x = 120 MPa σ y = −85 MPa σ z = 45 MPa E = 73 GPa
τ xy = 35 MPa τ yz = 48 MPa τ zx = 76 MPa ν = 0.33
E 73
G= = = 27.444 GPa
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.33)
σ x −ν (σ y + σ z ) 120 − 0.33 ( −85 + 45 )
εx = =
E ( 73 ×10 ) 9
σ z − ν (σ x + σ y ) 45 − 0.33 (120 − 85 )
εz = =
E ( 73 ×10 )9
τ xy 35 ×106
γ xy = = = 1275 (10−6 ) rad = 1275 µ rad ......................................... Ans.
G ( 27.444 × 10 9
)
τ yz 48 ×106
γ yz = = = 1749 (10−6 ) rad = 1749 µ rad ......................................... Ans.
G ( 27.444 ×10 )
9
τ zx
= 2770 (10−6 ) rad = 2770 µ rad .................................... Ans.
76
γ zx = =
G (11.53846 ×10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-15
∆y 0.001
γ xy = = = 0.00200 in./in.
Lx 0.5
τ xy = Gγ xy = ( 3000 )( 0.00200 ) = 6 psi
P = 2τ xy A = 2 ( 6 )( 2 × 4 ) = 96 lb ................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-16*
The given values are E = 73 GPa ν = 0.33
ε a = ε x = 875 µ m/m ε b = ε120° = 700 µ m/m ε c = ε 60° = −650 µ m/m
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 875 ) cos 2 (120° ) + ε y sin 2 (120° ) + γ xy sin (120° ) cos (120° ) = 700
ε c = ( 875 ) cos 2 ( 60° ) + ε y sin 2 ( 60° ) + γ xy sin ( 60° ) cos ( 60° ) = −650
0.75000ε y − 0.43301γ xy = 481.25
0.75000ε y + 0.43301γ xy = −868.75
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-17
The given values are E = 30, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
ε a = ε x = 650 µ in./in. ε b = ε 45° = 475 µ in./in. ε c = ε y = −250 µ in./in.
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 650 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + ( −250 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 475
γ xy = +550 µ rad
2 ( x
ε + νε y ) = 650 ) + 0.30 ( −250 ) (10−6 )
E 30, 000
2 (
σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ x = +18.96 ksi = 18.96 ksi (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.
2 ( y
ε + νε x ) = −250 ) + 0.30 ( 650 ) (10−6 )
E 30, 000
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ y = −1.813 ksi = 1.813 ksi (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
E 30, 000
G= = = 11,538.46 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = (11,538.46 ) ( 550 × 10−6 ) = +6.35 ksi ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-18
The given values are E = 200 GPa ν = 0.30
ε a = ε x = 540 µ m/m ε b = ε 45° = 930 µ m/m ε c = ε y = 20 µ m/m
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( 540 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + ( 20 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 930
γ xy = +1300 µ rad
2 ( x
ε + νε y ) = ( ) ( )
E
2 ( )
σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ x = +120.0 MPa = 120.0 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
( 200 × 103 )
2 ( y
ε + νε x ) = 20 ) + 0.30 ( 540 ) (10−6 )
E
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ y = +40.0 MPa = 40.0 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
E 200
G= = = 76.923 GPa
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
τ xy = Gγ xy = ( 76.923 × 103 )(1300 × 10−6 ) = +100.0 MPa ............................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-19*
The given values are E = 30, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
σ x = 8 ksi σ y = 0 ksi τ xy = −5 ksi
σ x −νσ y ( 8) − 0.30 ( 0 ) = 267
εx =
E
=
30, 000
(10 ) = 267 µin./in. ........................................ Ans.
−6
E 30, 000
G= = = 11,538.46 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
τ xy −5
γ xy = = = −433 (10−6 ) = −433 µ rad ....................................................... Ans.
G 11,538.46
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-20*
The given values are E = 200 GPa ν = 0.30
ε a = ε x = −555 µ m/m ε b = ε120° = 925 µ m/m ε c = ε −120° = 740 µ m/m
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = ( −555 ) cos 2 (120° ) + ε y sin 2 (120° ) + γ xy sin (120° ) cos (120° ) = 925
ε c = ( −555 ) cos 2 ( −120° ) + ε y sin 2 ( −120° ) + γ xy sin ( −120° ) cos ( −120° ) = 740
0.75000ε y − 0.43301γ xy = 1063.75
0.75000ε y + 0.43301γ xy = 878.75
2 ( x
ε +νε y ) = ) ( )
E
2 ( ) (
(a) σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ x = −36.593 MPa ≅ 36.6 MPa (C) ................................................................................ Ans.
( 200 × 103 )
σy =
E
(ε y +νε x ) = 1295 ) + 0.30 ( −555 ) (10−6 )
2 (
1 −ν 2 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ y = +248.022 MPa ≅ 248 MPa (T) ............................................................................... Ans.
200 × 103
τ xy = Gγ xy =
E
2 (1 + ν )
γ xy =
2 (1 + 0.30 )
( −213.620 ×10−6 )
τ xy = −16.4323 MPa ≅ −16.43 MPa ................................................................................ Ans.
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −16.4323)
(b) θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 3.293°, − 86.707°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( −36.593) − ( 248.022 )
When θ p = 3.293°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( −36.593) cos 2 θ p + ( 248.022 ) sin 2 θ p + 2 ( −16.4323) sin θ p cos θ p
= −37.539 MPa = σ p 2
σ p1 = σ x + σ y − σ p 2 = 248.968 MPa
τ max = τ p = (σ p1 − σ p 2 ) 2 = 143.3 MPa
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 105.7 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-21*
The given values are E = 30, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
ε a = ε x = 1000 µ in./in. ε b = ε 60° = 2000 µin./in. ε c = ε120° = 1200 µ in./in.
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
ε b = (1000 ) cos 2 ( 60° ) + ε y sin 2 ( 60° ) + γ xy sin ( 60° ) cos ( 60° ) = 2000
ε c = (1000 ) cos 2 (120° ) + ε y sin 2 (120° ) + γ xy sin (120° ) cos (120° ) = 1200
0.75000ε y + 0.43301γ xy = 1750
0.75000ε y − 0.43301γ xy = 950
εx +εy ε x − ε y γ xy
2 2
εp = ± +
2 2 2
= +
2 2 2
= 1400 ± 611.01 µ in./in.
ε p1 = 1400 + 611.01 µ in./in. = 2011.01 µ in./in. ( < 2200 µin./in. - okay )
ε p 2 = 1400 − 611.01 µ in./in. = 788.99 µ in./in.
−ν ( ε x + ε y ) −0.30 (1000 ) + (1800 )
ε p3 = ε z = = = −1200 µ in./in.
1 −ν 1 − 0.30
γ max = ( 2011) − ( −1200 ) µ rad = 3211 µ rad ( > 2500 µ rad - design fails )
( 30, 000 ) 2011.01 + 0.30 788.99 10−6
2 ( p1
ε +νε p 2 ) = ) ( )
E
2 ( ) (
σ p1 =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
= 74.1 ksi ( > 74 ksi - design fails )
( 30, 000 ) 3211×10−6
τ max = Gγ max =
E
2 (1 +ν )
γ max =
2 (1 + 0.30 )
( )
= 37.05 ksi ( < 40 ksi - okay )
Design fails since both γ max and σ p1 are above the design limits. ........................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-22
The given values are
δ x = 0 mm δ y = 0 mm δ z = −0.4 mm σ z = −P A
Then
σ x − 0.4 (σ y + σ z ) σ y − 0.4 (σ x + σ z )
εx = 0 = εy = 0 =
1400 1400
−0.4 σ z − 0.4 (σ x + σ y )
εz = =
25.4 1400
σ x − 0.4σ y − 0.4σ z = 0 MPa
−0.4σ x + σ y − 0.4σ z = 0 MPa
−0.4σ x − 0.4σ y + σ z = −22.04724 MPa
σ x = σ y = −31.496 MPa σ z = −47.244 MPa
P = −σ z A = − ( 22.04724 × 106 ) ( 0.010 × 0.010 ) = 4.72 (103 ) N
P = 4.72 kN ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-23
The given values are E = 10, 600 ksi ν = 0.33
ε a = ε x = 875 µ in./in. ε b = ε135° = 700 µ in./in. ε c = ε −135° = −350 µ in./in.
ε y = −525.00 µ in./in.
γ xy = −1050.00 µ rad
(a)
1
θ p = tan −1
γ xy 1
= tan −1
( −1050 ) = −18.435°, 71.565°
2 εx −εy 2 (875 ) − ( −525)
When θ p = −18.435°
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 875 ) cos 2 θ p + ( −525 ) sin 2 θ p + ( −1050 ) sin θ p cos θ p
= 1050.00 µ in./in. = ε p1
ε p 2 = ε x + ε y − ε p1 = −700.00 µ in./in.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-24
The given values are E = 200 GPa ν = 0.30
ε ai = 500 µ m/m ε hi = 750 µ m/m σ ri = − p = −100 MPa
ε ao = 500 µ m/m ε ho = 100 µ m/m σ ro = 0 MPa
On the inside:
E
σ ri = (1 −ν ) ε ri + ν ( ε ai + ε hi )
(1 +ν )(1 − 2ν )
200 (109 )
−100 (10 6
) = (1 + 0.30 )(1 − 0.60 ) (1 − 0.30 ) ε ri + 0.30 ( 500 + 750 ) (10−6 )
ε ri = −907.1 µ m/m
E
σ ai = (1 −ν ) ε ai +ν ( ε ri + ε hi )
(1 +ν )(1 − 2ν )
200 (109 )
= (1 − 0.30 )( 500 ) + 0.30 ( −907.1 + 750 ) (10−6 )
(1 + 0.30 )(1 − 0.60 )
σ ai = 116.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 116.5 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
E
σ hi = (1 −ν ) ε hi +ν ( ε ri + ε ai )
(1 +ν )(1 − 2ν )
200 (109 )
= (1 − 0.30 )( 750 ) + 0.30 ( −907.1 + 500 ) (10−6 )
(1 + 0.30 )(1 − 0.60 )
σ hi = 155.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 155.0 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
On the outside:
200 (109 )
500 ) + 0.30 (100 ) (10−6 )
E
2 ( ao
σ ao = ε + νε ho ) = 2 (
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ ao = 116.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 116.5 MPa (T) ...................................................................... Ans.
200 (109 )
100 ) + 0.30 ( 500 ) (10−6 )
E
2 ( ho
σ ho = ε + νε ao ) = 2 (
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ ho = 54.9 (106 ) N/m 2 = 54.9 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-25*
300 − τ i (π 3.25 )( 8 ) = 0 τ i = 3.67281 psi = 2000γ i
γ i = 1836.403 µ rad
300 − τ o (π 4.25 )( 8 ) = 0 τ o = 2.80862 psi = 2000γ o
γ o = 1404.308 µ rad
1836.403 + 1404.308 ∆x
γ avg = = 1620.356 µ rad ≅
2 0.5
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-26*
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-27*
PL
δ =εL = + α ∆T L
AE
3000 ( 4 ×12 )
0.05 = + ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )( 4 × 12 )
(1× 2 ) ( 30 ×10 6
)
∆T = 150.3 °F ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-28
PL
δ =εL = + α∆TL
AE
= 0 + ( 22.5 ×10−6 ) ( −80 ) ( 40 × 103 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-29
PL
δ =εL = + α ∆T L
AE
δ L = 0 + ( 6.5 ×10−6 ) ( 250 )( 225 × 12 ) = 4.39 in. ............................................................. Ans.
δ d = 0 + ( 6.5 × 10−6 ) ( 250 )(12 × 12 ) = 0.234 in. ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-30*
PL
99.8 + δ br = 100 + δ st δ =εL = + α ∆T L
AE
99.8 + 0 + (16.9 ×10−6 ) ( ∆T )( 99.8 ) = 100 + 0 + (11.9 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )(100 )
∆T = 403 °C ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-31*
PL
δ =εL = + α ∆T L
AE
δ a = 0 + (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( 80 )( 20 ) = 0.020000 in.
δ s = 0 + ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( 80 )( 20 ) = 0.0105600 in.
b = 5 (δ a − δ s ) = 5 ( 0.02 − 0.01056 ) = 0.0472 in. ↑ ..................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-32
PL
δ =εL = + α ∆T L
AE
δ a = 0 + ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( 75 )( 300 ) = 0.50625 mm
δ s = 0 + (11.9 ×10−6 ) ( 75 )( 300 ) = 0.26775 mm = b
250 250
a+b = (δ a − δ s ) = ( 0.50625 − 0.26775)
25 25
a = 2.12 mm ← ..........................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-33
σ d −νσ a
ε d = εσ + εT = + α ∆T
E
0 − 0.33 ( 4 ) δd
= + (12.5 ×10−6 ) ( 60 ) =
(10, 000 ) π ( 0.25) 4
2
0.25
δ d = +0.000860 in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-34*
P = W = 2500 ( 9.81) = 24,525 N
σ 49.962 (106 )
ε= + α ∆T = + ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( −50 )
73 (10 )
(b) 9
E
σ d −νσ a
(c) ε d = εσ + εT = + α ∆T
E
0 − 0.33 ( 49.962 × 106 ) δd
εd = + ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( −50 ) =
73 ×10 9
25
δ d = −0.0338 mm ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-35
εd =
P
+ α ∆T =
( 25 − 10 ) + ( 6.5 × 10−6 ) (100 − 72 ) = 214 (10−6 )
AE (1 2 )(1 32 ) ( 30 ×10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-36
TAB = TBC = P = 25 kN
(a) δ AB =
PL
+ α∆TL =
( 25, 000 )( 200 ) + (12 × 10−6 ) ( 20 )( 200 )
AE π ( 0.050 )2 4 ( 200 ×109 )
δ AB = 0.0607 mm .................................................................................................................. Ans.
(b) δ BC =
PL
+ α∆TL =
( 25, 000 )(150 ) + ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( 20 )(150 )
π 0.025 ) 4 ( 70 × 10 )
(
2
AE 9
δ BC = 0.1766 mm .................................................................................................................. Ans.
(c) ∆ C = δ AB + δ BC = 0.237 mm → ........................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-37*
From Table 4-1 for the T300/5208 material
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-38*
From Table 4-1 for the Scotchply 1002 Glass/Epoxy material
E1 = 36.8 GPa E2 = 8.27 GPa G12 = 4.14 GPa ν 12 = 0.26
E2 8.27
ν 21 = ν 12 = ( 0.26 ) = 0.05843
E1 36.8
The given data are
σ 1 = 30 MPa σ 2 = −2 MPa τ 12 = 0.3 MPa
σ1 σ2 −2
= 829 (10−6 ) m/m
30
ε1 = −ν 21 = − ( 0.05843)
E1 E2 36.8 (10 )
3
8.27 (10 )
3
σ2 σ1 −2
= −454 (10−6 ) m/m
30
ε2 = −ν 12 = − ( 0.26 )
E2 E1 8.27 (10 )
3
36.8 (10 )
3
τ 12
= +72.5 (10−6 ) rad = +72.5 µ rad ............................................ Ans.
0.3
γ 12 = =
G12 4.14 (10 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-39
From Table 4-1 for the T300/5208 material
E1 = 26,300 ksi E2 = 1494 ksi G12 = 1040 ksi ν 12 = 0.28
E2 1494
ν 21 = ν 12 = ( 0.28) = 0.01591
E1 26,300
The given data are
σ 1 = 40 ksi σ 2 = −10 ksi τ 12 = 2 ksi
σ1 σ2 ( −10 ) = 1627 10−6 in./in.
ε1 =
E1
−ν 21
E2
=
40
26,300
− ( 0.01591)
1494
( )
ε1 = 1627 µ in./in. ................................................................................................................... Ans.
σ2 σ1 ( −10 ) − 40
= −7120 (10−6 ) in./in.
ε2 = −ν 12 = ( 0.28)
E2 E1 1494 26,300
ε 2 = −7120 µ in./in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
τ 12
= +1923 (10−6 ) rad = +1923 µ rad ................................................... Ans.
2
γ 12 = =
G12 1040
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-40
From Table 4-1 for the Boron/epoxy material
E1 = 200 GPa E2 = 20 GPa G12 = 6 GPa ν 12 = 0.23
E2 20
ν 21 = ν 12 = ( 0.23) = 0.02300
E1 200
The given data are
ε1 = 1000 µ m/m ε 2 = 500 µ m/m γ 12 = 300 µ rad
200 (103 )
(1000 ) + 0.023 ( 500 ) (10−6 )
E1
σ1 = (ε1 +ν 21ε 2 ) =
1 −ν 12ν 21 1 − ( 0.23)( 0.023)
σ 1 = +203 MPa = 203 MPa (T) ........................................................................................ Ans.
20 (103 )
( 500 ) + 0.23 (1000 ) (10−6 )
E2
σ2 = (ε 2 +ν 12ε1 ) =
1 −ν 12ν 21 1 − ( 0.23)( 0.023)
σ 2 = +14.68 MPa = 14.68 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
τ 12 = G12γ 12 = ( 6 × 103 )( 300 × 10−6 ) = +1.800 MPa ...................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-41*
From Table 4-1 for the T300/5208 material
E1 = 26,300 ksi E2 = 1494 ksi G12 = 1040 ksi ν 12 = 0.28
E2 1494
ν 21 = ν 12 = ( 0.28) = 0.01591
E1 26,300
The given data are
σ 1 = 5 ksi σ 2 = 5 ksi τ 12 = 1 ksi
σ1 σ2 5 5
ε1 = −ν 21 = − ( 0.01591) = 0.00013687 in./in.
E1 E2 26,300 1494
σ2 σ1 5 5
ε2 = −ν 12 = − ( 0.28 ) = 0.003293 in./in.
E2 E1 1494 26,300
δ x = ε 2 L = ( 0.003293)(10 ) = 0.0329 in. ......................................................................... Ans.
δ y = ε1 L = ( 0.00013687 )(10 ) = 0.001369 in. ................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-42
From Table 4-1 for the Scotchply 1002 Glass/Epoxy material
E1 = 36.8 GPa E2 = 8.27 GPa G12 = 4.14 GPa ν 12 = 0.26
E2 8.27
ν 21 = ν 12 = ( 0.26 ) = 0.05843
E1 36.8
The given data are
σ 1 = 5 MPa σ 2 = −2 MPa τ 12 = 0 MPa
σ1 σ2 ( −2 ) = 150.00 10−6 m/m
ε1 =
E1
−ν 21
E2
=
5
36.8 (10 )
3
− ( 0.05843)
8.27 (103 )
( )
δ x = ε1 L = ( 0.00015000 )(125 ) = 0.01875 mm ............................................................. Ans.
ε2 =
σ2
−ν 12
σ1
=
( −2 ) − ( 0.26 )
5
= −277.16 (10−6 ) m/m
E2 E1 8.27 (10 3
) 36.8 (10 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-43
Since σy = 0, ε x = σ x Ex or σ x = Exε x
The total load carried by the composite is carried partially by the fibers and partially by the matrix. Thus,
P = σ x A = σ f Af + σ m Am = E f ε f Af + Emε m Am
where ε f = εm = ε x since the fibers and the matrix are bonded together. Therefore,
E f Af + Em Am
σx = ε x = E xε x
A
from which
E f Af + Em Am E f Af Em Am
Ex = = + = E f V f + EmVm ................................................... Ans.
A A A
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-44
The total load carried by the composite is carried partially by the fibers and partially by the matrix. Thus,
P = Pf + Pm = σ f Af + σ m Am
Therefore,
Pf σ f Af E f ε f Af
= =
P σ f Af + σ m Am E f ε f Af + Emε m Am
where ε f = εm = ε x since the fibers and the matrix are
bonded together. Therefore,
Pf E f Af E f Af
= =
P E f Af + Em Am E f Af + Em ( A − Af )
Dividing both the numerator and the denominator by the total area A gives
Pf E f ( Af A ) E fVf
= =
E f ( Af A ) + Em ( Am A ) E f V f + Em (1 − V f )
................................................... Ans.
P
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-45*
50 − 0
(a) E75 = = 25, 000 ksi .....................................................................................................Ans.
0.002 − 0
26 − 0
E1600 = = 13, 000 ksi ...................................................................................................Ans.
0.002 − 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-46*
The given values are
σ x = 120 MPa σ y = −80 MPa τ xy = 60 MPa
E = 70 GPa ν = 0.33
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-47
The given values are
σ x = 12 ksi σ y = −4 ksi τ xy = −6 ksi
E = 30, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-48*
The given values are
σ x = −100 MPa σ z = 0 MPa E = 210 GPa G = 80 GPa
E = 2 (1 + ν ) G 210 = 2 (1 +ν )( 80 ) ν = 0.31250
σ y −ν (σ x + σ z ) σ y − 0.31250 ( −100 ) + 0
εy = = =0
E 210 (103 )
σ y = −31.250 MPa
σ z − ν (σ x + σ y ) 0 − 0.31250 ( −100 ) + ( −31.250 )
εz = = = 0.0001953 m/m
E 210 (103 )
δ = ε z L = ( 0.0001953)(10 ) = 0.001953 mm ................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-49
E = 29, 000 ksi G = 11, 000 ksi E = 2 (1 + ν ) G
29, 000 = 2 (1 + ν )(11, 000 ) ν = 0.31818
6 − 0.31818σ y
δ xa = ε xa Lxa = ε xa ( 2 ) = ( 2)
29, 000
5
δ xb = ε xb Lxb = ε xb ( 3) = ( 3)
29, 000
But δ xa = δ xb , therefore
12 − 0.63636σ y = 15
σ y = −4.71 ksi ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-50
400 (106 ) − 0
(a) E1 = E2 = = 200 (109 ) N/m 2 = 200 GPa ............................................... Ans.
0.002 − 0
(b) σ y1 = 350 MPa ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-51*
Assume series of rails all initially separated by 0.125 in.
When heated, rails expand from center in both directions.
(a) δ = 0.125 = α ∆T L = ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )( 55 × 12 )
∆T = 28.7 °F
Rails touch when T = 60 + 28.7 = 88.7 °F .................................................................. Ans.
(b) δ = ( 6.6 ×10−6 ) ( −50 )( 55 × 12 ) = −0.21780 in.
gap = 0.125 + 0.2178 = 0.3428 in. ≅ 0.343 in. .............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-52
The given values are
σ x = 72 MPa σ y = 36 MPa τ xy = −24 MPa
E = 100 GPa ν = 0.28
εx =
σ x −νσ y
=
( 72 ) − 0.28 ( 36 ) = +0.00061920 = +619.20 µ m/m
E 100 (103 )
ε x = ε a = +619 µ m/m .......................................................................................................... Ans.
εy =
σ y −νσ x
=
( 36 ) − 0.28 ( 72 ) = 0.00015840 = 158.40 µ m/m
E 100 (103 )
E 100
G= = = 39.0625 GPa
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.28 )
τ xy −24
γ xy = = = −0.00061440 rad = −614.40 µ rad
G 39.0625 (103 )
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 619.20 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + (158.40 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + ( −614.40 ) sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° )
ε n = ε b = +81.6 µ m/m ......................................................................................................... Ans.
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 619.20 ) cos 2 (135° ) + (158.40 ) sin 2 (135° ) + ( −614.40 ) sin (135° ) cos (135° )
ε n = ε c = +696 µ m/m ........................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-53
The given values are
σ x = 8.5 ksi σ y = 4.5 ksi τ xy = 6 ksi
E = 30, 000 ksi ν = 0.30
εx =
σ x −νσ y
=
(8.5) − 0.30 ( 4.5) = +0.00023833 = +238.33 µin./in.
E 30, 000
εy =
σ y −νσ x
=
( 4.5) − 0.30 ( 8.5) = 0.00006500 in./in. ≅ +65.00 µin./in.
E 30, 000
E 30, 000
G= = = 11,538.46 ksi
2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
τ xy 6
γ xy = = = 0.00052000 rad = 520.00 µ rad
G 11,538.46
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 238.33) cos 2 ( 20° ) + ( 65.00 ) sin 2 ( 20° ) + ( 520.00 ) sin ( 20° ) cos ( 20° )
ε n = 385 µ in./in. .................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
4-54*
The given values are E = 73 GPa ν = 0.33
ε x = 825 µ m/m ε y = 950 µ m/m γ xy = 680 µ rad
( 73 × 103 )
2 ( x
ε +νε y ) = 825 ) + 0.33 ( 950 ) (10−6 )
E
2 (
(a) σx =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.33)
σ x = +93.2673 MPa ≅ +93.3 MPa (T) ............................................................................ Ans.
( 73 × 103 )
2 ( y
ε +νε x ) = 950 ) + 0.33 ( 825 ) (10−6 )
E
2 (
σy =
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.33)
σ y = +100.1282 MPa ≅ 100.1 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
73 × 103
τ xy = Gγ xy =
E
2 (1 + ν )
γ xy =
2 (1 + 0.33)
( 680 ×10−6 )
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 2 ) 2 = 96.7 MPa
τ max = (σ p1 − σ p 3 ) 2 = 57.8 MPa (out-of-plane) .......................................................... Ans.
σ n 45 = (σ p1 + σ p 3 ) 2 = 57.8 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-1*
AA = π ( 62 − 4.52 ) 4 = 12.37002 in.2 PA = PB = 120 kip
AB = π 42 4 = 12.56637 in.2
δ total = ∑
PL
=
(120 )( 3 ×12 ) + (120 )( 4 ×12 )
AE (12.37002 )( 30, 000 ) (12.56637 )(10, 600 )
δ = 0.0549 in. ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-2*
A = ( 0.100 )( 0.025 ) = 0.002500 m 2
δ AB =
PL
=
( 350 × 103 ) ( 800 )
= 0.560 mm ........................................................ Ans.
AE ( 0.002500 ) ( 200 × 109 )
(a)
δ BC =
(100 ×10 ) (1200 ) = 0.240 mm ........... Ans.
3
δ CD =
(180 ×10 ) (1000 ) = 0.360 mm
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-3
(a) Apipe = π ( 62 − 4.82 ) 4 = 10.17876 in.2
P 30
σ avg = = = 2.95 ksi (C) .................................................................................... Ans.
A 10.17876
(b) δ=
PL
=
( −30 )( 24 ) = −0.0024392 in. ≅ 0.00244 in. (shorten) ............. Ans.
AE (10.17876 )( 29, 000 )
δ −0.0024392
(c) ε avg = = = −101.6 (10−6 ) = −101.6 µ in./in. ............................................ Ans.
L 24
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-4*
AT = π ( 25 ) 4 = 490.9 mm 2 AB = π (15 ) 4 = 176.71 mm 2
2 2
δ a−a =∑ =
( 490.9 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 )
(a)
AE
δ a − a = 3.30693 mm ≅ 3.31 mm ........................................ Ans.
δ b −b =∑
PL
= 3.30693 +
( 20 ×103 ) (1500 )
(176.71×10−6 )( 73 ×109 )
(b)
AE
δ b −b = 0.563 mm .................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-5
(a) δ =∑
PL
=
(10 )( 4 ×12 )
AE π (1.5 )2 4 ( 30, 000 )
+
( 20 )( 4 ×12 )
π (1)2 4 ( 30, 000 )
δ = 0.0498 in. ........................................................ Ans.
π (1.5 )2 π (1)
2
π d 2
(b) W = γV = γ ( )
48 + ( )
48 = γ ( 96 ) d = 1.27475 in.
4 4 4
PL (10 )( 4 × 12 ) + ( 20 )( 4 × 12 )
δ =∑ = = 0.0376 in. ............................................... Ans.
AE π (1.27475 )2 4 ( 30, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-7*
PL ( 230 )(11×12 )
(a) δ= =
AE ( 9 )( 29, 000 )
+
( 20 )( 4 ×12 )
π (1)2 4 ( 30, 000 )
δ = 0.11632 in. ≅ 0.1163 in. .............................. Ans.
(b) δ =∑
PL
= 0.11632 +
(85)(11×12 )
AE ( 9 )( 29, 000 )
δ = 0.1593 in. ......................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-8
PL P (1000 )
δ =∑ =
AE π ( 0.030 )2 4 ( 200 × 109 )
P ( 2000 )
+ = 3 mm
π ( 0.0602 − 0.0402 ) 4 (180 ×109 )
P = 212 (103 ) N = 212 kN ................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-9*
PL ( 5 )( 8 ) + (10 )( 6 ) + ( 4 )(10 )
(a) δ =∑ =
AE (1× 2 )(10, 000 )
δ = 0.00700 in. ...................................................... Ans.
(b) σ xA = τ xyA = 0 .......................................................... Ans.
P 4
σ yA = = = 2.00 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
A (1× 2 )
σ xB = τ xyB = 0 .......................................................... Ans.
P 10
σ yB = = = 5.00 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
A (1× 2 )
σ xC = τ xyC = 0 ......................................................................................................................... Ans.
P 5
σ yC = = = 2.50 ksi (T) ....................................................................................... Ans.
A (1× 2 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-10*
AA = π ( 602 − 502 ) 4 = 863.938 mm 2
AB = π ( 50 ) 4 = 1963.495 mm 2
2
AC = π ( 25 ) 4 = 490.874 mm 2
2
δA =
PL
=
(135 × 103 ) ( 400 )
AE ( 863.938 × 10−6 )( 200 × 109 )
(a)
δ total =∑
PL
= 0.31252 +
( 265 × 103 ) ( 500 )
+
( 45 ×103 ) ( 500 )
(1963.435 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 ) ( 490.874 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 )
(b)
AE
δ total = 1.865 mm ................................................................................................................... Ans.
δ
= 781(10−6 ) = 781 µ m/m ................................................................. Ans.
0.31252
(c) εA = =
L 400
N 135 (10 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-11
AA = π ( 62 − 4.52 ) 4 = 12.3700 in.2
AB = π ( 4 ) 4 = 12.5664 in.2
2
(a) δA =
PL
=
( 205 )( 50 )
AE (12.3700 )( 29, 000 )
δ A = 0.02857 in. ≅ 0.0286 in. .......................................... Ans.
(b) δ total = ∑
PL
= 0.02857 +
(120 )( 40 )
AE (12.5664 )(10, 600 )
δ total = 0.0646 in. ................................................................................................................... Ans.
N 120
(c) σ max B = = = 9.5493 ksi ≅ 9.55 ksi .............................................................. Ans.
A 12.5664
σ max B
τ max B = = 4.7747 ksi ≅ 4.77 ksi ............................................................................ Ans.
2
σ
= 900.8774 (10−6 )
9.5493
(d) ε longB = =
E 10, 600
ε latB = −νε longB = − ( 0.33) ( 900.8774 × 10−6 ) = −297.2895 (10−6 )
δ dB = ε latB d = ( −297.2895 ×10−6 ) ( 4 ) = −1.189 (10−3 ) in. ........................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-12*
AA = ( 25 )( 25 ) = 625 mm 2
AB = π ( 25 ) 4 = 490.874 mm 2
2
δ =∑
PL
=
( 50 ×103 ) (1000 )
AE ( 625 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 )
(a)
+
( 50 ×10 ) ( 2000 )3
50 (103 )
= 101.859 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 101.9 MPa .............................. Ans.
N
σ xB = =
A 490.874 (10 )−6
σ 101.859 (106 )
ε xB = = = 1395.331(10−6 ) ≅ 1395 µ m/m ......................................... Ans.
73 (10 )
(c) 9
E
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-13*
A = π ( 0.75 ) 4 = 0.44179 in.2
2
(a) δA =
PL
=
( 5)( 3 ×12 ) = 0.01405 in. .............................................................. Ans.
AE ( 0.44179 )( 29, 000 )
N 5
(b) σx = = = 11.3177 ksi ≅ 11.32 ksi ............................................................... Ans.
A 0.44179
σ y = τ xy = 0 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
σ
= 390.265 (10−6 ) ≅ 390 µ in./in. .................................................... Ans.
11.31769
(c) εx = =
E 29, 000
ε y = −νε x = − ( 0.30 ) ( 390.265 × 10−6 ) = −117.1(10−6 ) ≅ −117.1 µ in./in. ............... Ans.
τ xy
γ xy = = 0 µ rad ................................................................................................................. Ans.
G
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-14
PL ( 260 ×10 ) ( 3500 ) + ( 930 × 10 ) ( 3500 )
3 3
δ =∑ =
( 9485 ×10−6 )( 200 ×109 )
(a)
AE
δ = 2.20 mm ........................................................................ Ans.
(b) σ xA = τ xyA = 0 MPa ............................................................. Ans.
260 (103 )
= 27.4117 (106 ) N/m 2
N
σ yA = =
A 9485 (10 )
−6
930 (103 )
= 98.0496 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 98.0 MPa (C) .............................. Ans.
N
σ yB = =
A 9485 (10 )
−6
σ −27.4117 (106 )
ε yA = = = −137.059 (10−6 ) ≅ −137.1 µ m/m ................................ Ans.
E 200 (10 9
)
ε xA = −νε yA = − ( 0.31579 )( −137.059 ) = +43.3 µ m/m ................................................ Ans.
γ xyA = 0 µ m/m ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
σ −98.0496 (106 )
ε yB = = = −490.2478 (10−6 ) ≅ −490 µ m/m .................................. Ans.
E 200 (10 9
)
ε xB = −νε yB = − ( 0.31579 )( −490.2478 ) = +154.8 µ m/m ........................................... Ans.
γ xyB = 0 µ m/m ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-15
AA = π ( 42 − 22 ) 4 = 9.42478 in.2 AB = π ( 2 ) 4 = 3.14159 in.2
2
(a) δ a−a =
PL
=
(130 )( 50 )
AE ( 9.42478 )(15, 000 )
δ a − a = 0.045978 in. ≅ 0.0460 in. ↑ ......................................... Ans.
(b) δ b −b = 0.045978 +
(80 )( 60 ) = 0.0969 in. ↑ ..... Ans.
( 3.14159 )( 30, 000 )
N 130
(c) σ yA = = = 13.7934 ksi ≅ 13.79 ksi (C) ............. Ans.
A 9.42478
80
σ yB = = 25.4648 ksi ≅ 25.5 ksi (C) ................................................................. Ans.
3.14159
σ xB = τ xyB = 0 ksi .............................. σ xA = τ xyA = 0 ksi ................................................... Ans.
(d) E = 2 (1 + ν ) G 15, 000 = 2 (1 + ν )( 5600 ) ν = 0.33929
−νσ y
δ d = ε x d = ( −νε y ) d = d
E
− ( 0.33929 )( −13.7934 )
δ do = ( 4 ) = 0.000624 in. ........................................................ Ans.
30, 000
− ( 0.33929 )( −13.7934 )
δ di = ( 2 ) = 0.000312 in. ......................................................... Ans.
30, 000
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-16*
δ =∑
PL
=
( 35 ×103 ) ( 900 ) +
( 35 ×103 ) ( 300 ) ≤ 0.40 mm
AE π ( 0.025 )2 4 ( 200 × 109 ) A ( 73 × 109 )
A ≥ 1.81740 (10−3 ) m 2 = 1817.40 mm 2
π ( 752 − di2 )
≥ 1817.40 mm 2 di ≤ 57.5414 mm
4
tmin = ( 75 − 57.5414 ) 2 = 8.73 mm ................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-17*
For the uniform section:
W1 = γ V = 0.284 ( 2 × 5 ) y = 0.284 y
P1 = 30, 000 + 0.284 y
δU = ∫
25 ( 30, 000 + 0.284 y ) dy
0
( 2 × 5) ( 29 ×106 )
252
= (1.03448 ×10 ) ( 25 ) + ( 9.79310 × 10 )
−3
−9
2
= 0.02587 in.
For the tapered section:
W2 = γ V = 0.284 ( y + 0.0125 y 2 )
y
Ay = by t = 2 + ( 0.5 ) = 1 + 0.025 y
20
Py dy 30, 007 + 0.284 y + 0.00355 y 2
dδ = = dy
Ay E (1 + 0.025 y ) ( 29 ×106 )
60 30, 007 + 0.284 y + 0.00355 y 2
δT = ∫ dy
0
(1 + 0.025 y ) ( 29 ×106 )
0.284 (1600 )
= 0.04139 ln (1 + 0.025 y ) 0 + (1 + 0.025 y ) − ln (1 + 0.025 y ) 0
60 60
( 29 ×10 ) 6
60
0.00355 ( 64, 000 ) (1 + 0.025 y )
2
+ − 2 (1 + 0.025 y ) + ln (1 + 0.025 y )
( 29 ×106 ) 2 0
= 0.03793 in.
δ total = δU + δ T = 0.0638 in. ................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-18
γ π r 2
Py = ( L + y ) − π r 2 L
3
3 L2
πr
2
r
2
Ay = π ( L + y ) = 2 ( L + y )
2
L L
Py dy γ L3
dδ = = ( L + y ) − 2
dy
Ay E 3E ( L + y )
L
L3 γ (L + y) L3
2
γ γ L2
( L + y ) −
L
3E ∫0
δ= dy = + = .................. Ans.
( L + y )
2
3E 2 ( L + y ) 0 3E
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-19*
Py = W = γ Ay σ = P A = γ y = Kε 1 2
ε = (γ y K )
2
γ y
2
dδ = ε dy = dy
K
L
γ y γ 2 y 3 γ 2 L3
2
L
δ =∫ = =
K 2 3 0 3K 2
dy ...........................................Ans.
0
K
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-21
πρ 2 y
Py = W = γ V = γ Ay = πρ 2
3
Py dy γπρ y 3
2
γy
dδ = = dy = dy
Ay E πρ E
2
3E
2 L
L γ y γy γ L2
δ =∫ dy = = ................................................Ans.
0
3E 6E 0
6E
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-22*
AA = π ( 502 − 302 ) 4 = 1256.6 mm 2
AC = π ( 202 ) 4 = 314.16 mm 2
δA =
PL
=
( 75 ×103 ) ( 400 )
= 0.3411 mm
AE (1256.6 × 10−6 )( 70 × 109 )
δC =
PL
=
( 75 × 103 ) ( 500 )
= 1.7052 mm
AE ( 314.16 ×10−6 )( 70 × 109 )
dδ =
Pdy
=
( 75 ×10 ) dy 3
=
3.4105 (10 ) dy −3
Ay E π ( 0.01) (1 + 2 y ) ( 70 × 109 )
2 2
(1 + 2 y )
2
dy
0.75
−1
δ = 3.4105 (10 )∫ = 3.4105 (10−3 )
0.75
−3
0
(1 + 2 y )
2
2 (1 + 2 y ) 0
= 1.0231(10−3 ) m = 1.0231 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-23
(a) P = τπ dL = π ( 300 )( 3) L = 900π L lb
0 in. ≤ L ≤ 15 in.
εx =
σ x −νσ y −νσ z
=
( 400 )(15 − x ) − 2 ( 0.30 )( 600 )
30 (106 )
(c)
E
(Both σx and σy are compressive, therefore εx will be a shrink.)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-24
Px = ∫ τπ ( 0.300 ) ds
8
(a)
x
Px 1
π ( 400s )(1 − sin 28° )( tan 28° )( 0.300 ) ds
8
A π ( 0.300 ) 4 ∫x
σx = = 2
82 x 2
σ x = 1504.46 − = 752.23 ( 64 − x 2 ) N/m 2
2 2
0 m≤ x≤8 m
x x
P = σ x =0 π ( 0.300 ) 4
2
(c)
= 752.23L2 π ( 0.300 ) 4
2
P = 53.1721L2 N
0 m≤ L≤8 m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-25*
→ ΣFx = 0 : TBC cos 60° − TAB = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TBC sin 60° − 16 = 0
TAB = 9.2376 kip (T)
TBC = 18.4752 kip (T)
PL ( 9.2376 )( 80 )
(a) δ AB = = = 0.11620 in.
AE ( 0.6 )(10, 600 )
δ AB ≅ 0.1162 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
δ BC =
(18.4752 )(160 ) = 0.08155 in.
(1.25)( 29, 000 )
δ BC ≅ 0.0815 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-26
→ ΣFx = 0 : TAB cos 45° − FBC + 50 cos 55° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TAB sin 45° − 50sin 55° = 0
TAB = 57.9228 kN (T) FBC = 69.6364 kN (C)
PL ( 57.9228 × 10 ) (1414.21)
3
δ AB = = = 1.89619 mm
AE ( 450 ×10−6 )( 96 ×109 )
δ AB ≅ 1.896 mm (stretch) .................................................. Ans.
δ BC =
( 69.6364 ×10 ) (1000 ) = 0.26681 mm
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-27
→ ΣFx = 0 : TBC cos 25° − TAC cos 20° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TBC sin 25° + TAC sin 20° − 220 = 0
TAC = 281.9768 lb (T) TBC = 292.3648 lb (T)
P ( 281.9768 )
(a) σ AC = = = 18, 798 psi ≅ 18.80 ksi (T) ............. Ans.
A ( 0.015 )
σ BC =
( 292.3648 ) = 19, 491 psi ≅ 19.49 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
( 0.015)
(b) LAC = 20 cos 20° = 21.28356 ft = 255.4027 in.
LBC = 20 cos 25° = 22.06956 ft = 264.8107 in.
PL ( 281.9768 )( 255.4027 )
δ AC = = = 0.16556 in.
AE ( 0.015 ) ( 29, 000 × 103 )
δ AC ≅ 0.1656 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
δ BC =
( 292.3648)( 264.8107 ) = 0.17798 in.
( 0.015) ( 29, 000 ×103 )
δ BC ≅ 0.1780 in. (stretch) ................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-28*
θ = tan −1 ( 2.5 6 ) = 22.6199° LAB = 2.52 + 62 = 6.5000 m
P ( 92.8571× 10 )
3
σ AC = ( ) 6 2
(1000 ×10 ) −6
PL ( 92.8571× 10 ) ( 6500 )
3
δ AB = = = 4.86751 mm
AE ( 620 × 10 )( 200 ×10 )
(b) −6 9
δ AC =
(107.1432 ×10 ) ( 7500 ) = 4.01787 mm
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-29
→ ΣFx = 0 : TBC sin 30° − TAC sin 45° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TBC cos 30° + TAC cos 45° − 10 = 0
TAC = 5.17638 kip (T)
TBC = 7.32051 kip (T)
PL ( 5.17638 )(10 ×12 )
(a) δ AC = = = 0.17976 in.
AE ( 0.326 )(10, 600 )
δ AC ≅ 0.1798 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
δ BC =
( 7.32051)(15 ×12 ) = 0.08944 in.
( 0.508)( 29, 000 )
δ BC ≅ 0.0894 in. (stretch) ................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-30
δ δB
(a) εB = = = 1500 (10−6 )
L 375
δ B = b = 0.56250 mm
vC = c = ( 250 150 ) b = 0.937 mm ↓ ..................Ans.
(b) δ A = a = ( 50 150 ) b = 0.18750 mm
TA ( 200 )
δA = = 0.18750 mm
(1250 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9
TA = 234,375 N
TB ( 375 )
δB = = 0.56250 mm
( 940 ×10 )(100 ×10 )
−6 9
TB = 141, 000 N
4 ΣM D = 0 : 250 P − 150 (141.000 ) − 50 ( 234.375 ) = 0
P = 131.5 kN .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-31*
δ CD = ε CD LCD = ( 680 ×10−6 ) ( 72 ) = 0.048960 in. ≅ 0.0490 in. .................................. Ans.
PL T ( 6 × 12 )
δ CD = = CD = 0.048960 in.
AE ( 2.5 )( 29, 000 )
TCD = 49.300 kip (T)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-32
δ A = ε A LA = ( 625 × 10−6 ) ( 5000 ) = 3.12500 mm
δ A = a sin θ A = ( 3 5 ) a
a = 5.20833 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-33
→ ΣFx = 0 : 30 − FBC cos 45° − TAB cos 60° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FBC sin 45° − TAB sin 60° = 0
TAB = 21.9615 kip (T) FBC = 26.8973 kip (C)
P ( 21.9615 )
(a) σ max AB = = = 17.57 ksi (T) .......................... Ans.
A (1.25)
τ max AB = σ max AB 2 = 8.78 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
(b) σ max BC =
( 26.8973) = 10.76 ksi (C) ................................................................................. Ans.
( 2.50 )
τ max BC = σ max BC 2 = 5.38 ksi .............................................................................................. Ans.
(c) LAB = 30 sin 60° = 34.6410 in. LBC = 30 sin 45° = 42.4264 in.
PL ( 21.9615 )( 34.6410 )
δ AB = = = 0.0574166 in.
AE (1.25)(10, 600 )
δ AB ≅ 0.0574 in. (stretch) ................................................................................................... Ans.
δ BC =
( 26.8973)( 42.4264 ) = 0.0157401 in.
( 2.5)( 29, 000 )
δ BC ≅ 0.01574 in. (shrink) .................................................................................................. Ans.
(d) a = δ AB cos 30° = 0.0497242 in.
b = δ AB sin 30° = 0.0287083 in.
c = δ AB sin15° = 0.0148605 in.
c + δ BC
d= = 0.0316800 in.
cos15°
e = d cos 30° = 0.0274657 in.
f = d sin 30° = 0.0158400 in.
uB = b + e = 0.0561 in. → ......................................... Ans.
vB = a − f = 0.0339 in. ↑ .......................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-34*
π ( 0.1002 − 0.0502 ) π ( 0.050 )
2
AA = AB =
4 4
= 5.89049 (10−3 ) m 2 = 1.96350 (10−3 ) m 2
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FA + TB − 500 = 0
FA + TB = 500 kN (a)
δA = δB
FA (1500 ) TB ( 2000 )
=
( 5.89049 ×10 )(100 ×10 ) (1.96350 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−3 9 −3 9
FA = 2.000TB (b)
P ( 333.333 × 10 )
3
σ BC = ( ) 6 2
(1.96350 ×10 ) −3
vC =δ =
(166.6667 ×10 ) ( 2000 ) = 0.849 mm ↓ ............................................... Ans.
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-35*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 2 FS + FW − 700 = 0
2 FS + FW = 700 kip (a)
δ S = δW
FS ( 20 ) FW ( 20 )
=
( 2 × 7.5 )( 29, 000 ) ( 7.5 × 7.5 )(1800 )
FS = 4.29630 FW (b)
P ( 72.9730 )
(a) σW = = = 1.297 ksi (C) ..................................... Ans.
A ( 7.5 × 7.5 )
σS =
( 313.5138) = 20.9 ksi (C) ........................................................................................ Ans.
( 2 × 7.5)
(b) δS =
( 313.5138)( 20 ) = 0.01441 in. .............................................................................. Ans.
( 2 × 7.5)( 29, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-36
TS + TC = 90 N (a)
δ S = δC
TS L TC L
=
π ( 2 − 1.5 ) 4 (14 ×10 )
2 2 9
π (1.5 ) 4 ( 7 × 109 )
2
TS = 1.55556TC (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-37*
2TB + TC = 40 kip (a)
δ B = δC
TB ( 36 ) TC ( 36 )
=
( 2 )(10, 600 ) ( 2 )( 28, 000 )
TC = 1.32075TB (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-38
4 ΣM D = 0 : 250 ( 5 ) − 50TA − 150TB = 0
TA + 3TB = 25 kN (a)
b = 3a
δ B = 3δ A
TB ( 400 ) TA ( 200 )
=3
(80 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9
(80 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9
TB = 1.5TA (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-39
TAB + FBC = 150 kip (a)
δ AB = δ BC
TAB ( 24 ) FBC ( 24 )
=
π ( 2.25 ) 4 (10, 600 )
2
π ( 3.2 )2 4 (10, 600 )
FBC = 2.02272TAB (b)
(a) u B = δ AB =
( 49.6242 )( 24 ) = 0.02826 in. ≅ 0.0283 in. → ......................... Ans.
π ( 2.25 )2 4 (10, 600 )
δ AB
= 1177.425 (10−6 ) ≅ 1177 µ in./in. ............................................ Ans.
0.02826
(b) ε AB = =
LAB 24
(c) ε d = −νε AB = − ( 0.33) (1177.425 × 10−6 ) = −388.550 (10−6 ) in./in.
δ d = ε d d = ( −388.550 × 10−6 ) ( 2.25 ) = −0.874 (10−3 ) in. ............................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-40*
W = 4500 ( 9.81) = 44,145 N = 44.145 kN
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TA + TB − 44,145 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 3000TB − 1000 ( 44.145 ) = 0
TA = 29.430 kN TB = 14.715 kN
δA = δB
( 29.430 ×10 ) (1200 ) = (14.715 ×10 ) (1800 )
3 3
π d 4 ( 70 ×10 )
2
A
π d 4 ( 200 × 10 )
9 2
B
9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-41*
TB = TA + 40 kip (a)
TC = TA − 10 kip (b)
δ A + δ B + δC = 0 (c)
TA ( 20 ) (TA + 40 )( 24 ) + (TA − 10 )( 24 ) = 0
+
π ( 2.5 − 2
2 2
) 4 ( 30, 000 ) π ( 2 ) 4 (10, 000 ) π (1) 4 (10, 000 )
2 2
TA = 0 kip TB = 40 kip (T) TC = −10 kip = −10 kip (C)
P
(a) σA = = 0 ksi ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
A
σB =
( 40 ) = 12.73 ksi (T) ........................................................................................... Ans.
π ( 2) 4
2
σC =
( −10 ) = −12.73 ksi = 12.73 ksi (C) ................................................................... Ans.
π (1) 4
2
(b) ua − a = δ C =
( −10 )( 24 ) = −0.0306 in. = 0.0306 in. → .............................. Ans.
π (1)2 4 (10, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-42*
Fs + Fa = 30 kN (a)
δs = δa
Fs L Fa L
=
( 0.025 × 0.100 ) ( 200 ×10 ) ( 0.100 × 0.100 ) ( 73 ×109 )
9
Fa = 1.4600 Fs (b)
Fs = 12.1951 kN (C)
Fa = 17.8049 kN (C)
12.1951(12.5 ) + 17.8049 ( 75 )
x= = 49.6 mm ...................................Ans.
30
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-43
TA + FB = 95 kip (a)
δ A = δ B + 0.015 in.
TA ( 72 ) FB ( 24 )
= + 0.015
(1.25)( 30, 000 ) ( 3.75)(15, 000 )
TA = 0.22222 FB + 7.8125 kip (b)
N 23.6648
(a) σA = = = 18.93 ksi (T) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 1.25
N 71.3352
σB = = = 19.02 ksi (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 3.75
(b) vC = δ A =
( 23.6648)( 72 ) = 0.0454 in. ↓ ..................................................................... Ans.
(1.25)( 30, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-44*
TP = TB (a)
δ P + δ B = 0.15 mm (b)
TP ( 200 ) TB ( 400 )
+ = 0.15
π ( 0.15 ) 4 ( 2.1×109 )
2
π ( 0.045 )2 4 (100 × 109 )
TP = TB = 18,976.74 N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-45*
4 ΣM A = 0 : 2TB + 4TC − 6 (1000 ) = 0
TB + 2TC = 3000 = 0 (a)
TC ( 32 ) TB (16 )
=2
( 0.3)( 29, 000 ) ( 0.3)( 29, 000 )
TB = TC = 1.000 kip (T)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-46
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + TAD + FB − 225 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 500TAD + 1350 FB − 1350 ( 225 ) = 0
10TAD + 27 FB = 6075 kN (a)
δ B = (1350 500 ) δ AD
N 68.4646 (10 )
3
vD = δ AD =
( 68.4646 ×10 ) ( 450 ) = 0.513 mm ↓ ..................................................... Ans.
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-47
5FS + FC = 200 kip (a)
δ S = δC
FS L FC L
= (b)
π (1) 4 ( 29, 000 ) AC ( 4500 )
2
AC = b 2 − 5 π (1) 4
2
(c)
If FS = FS max = σ S A = (18 ) π (1) 4 = 14.1372 kip , then
2
FC = 129.3142 kip AC = 46.2977 in.2 b = 7.09 in.
F 129.3142
and σC = = = 2.79 ksi > σ C max = 1.4 ksi (not correct guess)
A 46.2977
If σ C = FC AC = σ C max = 1.4 ksi , then
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-48*
2Ts = Fa (a)
δ s + δ a = 1 mm (b)
Ts ( 330 ) Fa ( 251)
+ = 1 mm
(120 ×10 )(190 ×10 ) ( 625 ×10 )( 73 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
N 39.2520 (10 )
3
120 (10 )
(a) s −6
A
σ s = 327 MPa (T) ................................................................................. Ans.
78.5040 (103 )
σa = = 125.6 (106 ) N/m 2 = 125.6 MPa (C) ........................................ Ans.
625 (10 −6
)
δa =
( 78.5040 ×10 ) ( 251) = 0.432 mm (shrink) ........................................................ Ans.
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-49*
Ts = Fb (a)
δ b + δ s = 0.020 in.
Fb ( 6 ) Ts ( 6 )
+ = 0.02 in.
( 0.375 )(15, 000 ) π ( 0.5) 4 ( 30, 000 )
2
Ts = Fb = 9.59114 kip (b)
N 9.59114
σs = = = 48.8 ksi (T) .............................................Ans.
A π ( 0.5 )2 4
9.59114
σb = = 25.6 ksi (C) ...........................................................Ans.
0.375
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-50
Initially, bar CE is not connected to bar ABCD (TCE = 0 ) and
the load P = 50 kN is applied to the end of bar ABCD . Then
4 ΣM A = 0 : 320 ( 50 ) − 80TBF = 0
TBF = 200 kN
δ BF =
( 200 ×10 ) (1000 ) = 0.79365 mm
3
4 ΣM A = 0 : 240TCE − 80TBF = 0
TBF = 3TCE (a)
c = 3b = 3δ BF
c = 3 ( 0.79365 ) − δ CE = 2.38095 − δ CE
3δ BF = 2.38095 − δ CE (b)
N 53.0909 (10 )
3
N 53.0909 (10 )
3
δ BF =
(159.2727 ×10 ) (1000 ) = 0.63203 mm
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-51
4 ΣM C = 0 : 8TA − 5TB = 0
TB = 1.6TA (a)
δ A = ( 8 5 ) b = ( 8 5 )( 0.1 − δ B )
δ A = 1.6 ( 0.1 − δ B ) in. (b)
TA ( 60 ) TB ( 60 )
= 1.6 0.1 −
0.5 ( 29, 000 ) (1.2 )(15, 000 )
TA = 12.6270 kip TB = 20.2032 kip
N 12.6270
(a) σA = = = 25.3 ksi (T) .........................Ans.
A 0.5
(b) vA = δ A =
(12.6270 )( 60 ) = 0.0523 in. ↑ ....................................................................... Ans.
( 0.5)( 29, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-52*
A = π ( 0.030 ) 4 = 706.858 (10−6 ) m 2
2
δ AB + δ BC + δ CD = 0 (c)
δ BC =
( 3000 )(1000 ) = 0.058139 mm ≅ 0.0581 mm (shrink) ............ Ans.
( 706.858 ×10 )( 73 ×10 )
(c) −6 9
(d) E = 2 (1 + ν ) G 73 = 2 (1 + ν )( 28 ) ν = 0.30357
δ −0.058139
ε BC = = = −58.139 (10−6 ) m/m
L 1000
ε dBC = −νε BC = − ( 0.30357 ) ( −58.139 ×10−6 ) = +17.649 (10−6 ) m/m
δ d = ε d d = ( +17.649 × 10−6 ) ( 30 ) = +0.529 (10−3 ) mm (expands) ........................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-53*
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : FA + FB − 10 + C y = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 5.5 (10 ) − 8 FA − 3FB = 0
8FA + 3FB = 55 kip (a)
δ A = ( 8 3) δ B
FA ( 48 ) 8 FB ( 36 )
=
( 2.25 )(10, 600 ) 3 (1.75)( 28, 000 )
FB = 1.02725 FA (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-54
4 ΣM F = 0 : 300 P − 50 FD − 100TC = 0
FD + 2TC = 6 P (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm
TC ( 300 ) FD (150 )
= 2 + 0 .09
( 600 ×10−6 )( 200 ×109 ) ( 2500 ×10−6 )(100 ×109 )
TC = 0.48000 FD + 72, 000 N (b)
Guess that
TC = TC max = σ A
= ( 215 × 106 )( 600 ×10−6 ) = 129, 000 N
Then FD = 118, 750 N P = 62, 792 N
Since σ D = 47.5 MPa < σ max = 95 MPa , the guess was correct and
Pmax = 62.8 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-55
Ts = Fb (a)
0.125θ
δ s + δ b = ∆ nut = (b)
360
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-56
4 ΣM C = 0 : 200TA − 125TB = 0
TB = 1.6TA (a)
TA = 152.9854θ N
TB = 244.7766θ N
N 152.9854θ
(a) σA = = −6
= 0.43710θ (106 ) N/m 2
A 350 ×10
N 244.7766θ
σA = =
A 750 × 10−6
= 0.0.32637θ (106 ) N/m 2
vA = δ A =
(152.9854θ )(1500 )
( 350 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
(b) −6 9
δA
(c) tan φ = = 16.6913θ (10−6 )
200
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-57
4 ΣM C = 0 : 5P − 10TA − 6 FB = 0
10TA + 6 FB = 5 P (a)
and δA =
( P 2 )( 50 ) = 0.00125P in.
( 2 )(10, 000 )
If δ A ≥ 0.015 in. , then
10TA + 6 FB = 5 P (a)
TA ( 50 ) 10 FB (15 )
= + 0.015
( 2 )(10, 000 ) 6 (12 )(15, 000 )
TA = ( 0.042373P + 5.4915 ) kip
FB = ( 0.76271P − 9.15254 ) kip
0.042373P + 5.4915
(a) σA = = ( 0.02119 P + 2.74575 ) ksi (T)
2
0.76271P − 9.15254
σB =
12
= ( 0.06356 P − 0.76271) ksi (C)
(b) δA =
( 0.042373P + 5.4915) ( 50 ) in.
( 2 )(10, 000 )
δB =
( 0.76271P − 9.15254 ) ( 50 ) in.
(12 )(15, 000 )
δA
(c) θ = tan −1
10
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-58
4 ΣM F = 0 : 300 P − 50 FD − 100TC = 0
FD + 2TC = 6 P (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm
If δ C ≤ 0.18 mm , then
δD = 0 FD = 0 σD = 0
TC = 3P
δC =
( 3P )( 300 ) = 20.5480 P (10−6 ) mm
( 600 ×10 )( 73 ×10 )
and −6 9
If δ C ≤ 0.18 mm , then
FD + 2TC = 6 P (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm
TC ( 300 ) FD (150 )
= 2 + 0 .09 mm
( 600 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 ) ( 2500 ×10−6 )(100 ×109 )
TC = ( 0.17520 FD + 26, 280 ) N (b)
TC = ( 0.77844 P + 19,831) N
FD = ( 4.44313P − 39, 662 ) N
δC =
( 0.77844 P + 19,831)( 300 ) mm
( 600 ×10 )( 73 ×10 )
(b) −6 9
δD =
( 4.44313P − 39, 662 )(150 ) mm
( 2500 ×10 )(100 ×10 )
−6 9
δC
(c) θ = tan −1
100
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-59*
σ σ
(a) δ =0= + α ∆T L = + (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( −100 ) ( 80 )
E 10, 600
σ = 13.25 ksi .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) δ = 0 (rigid supports) ........................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) σ = 0 (nothing to exert a force) ........................................................................................ Ans.
σ
(d) δ = + α∆T L = 0 + (12.5 ×10−6 ) ( −100 ) ( 80 )
E
δ = −0.1000 in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-60*
σ σ
δ = + α ∆T L = + ( 22.5 × 10 −6
) ( − 55 ) ( 6000 ) = −1 mm
70 (10 )
(a)
E 9
σ = 74.9583 (10 6
) N/m 2
≅ 75.0 MPa ............................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-61
FA = FS AA = π 32 4 = 7.06858 in.2
δ total = δ A + δ S = 0 AS = π 42 4 = 12.5664 in.2
F
δ = + α ∆T L
AE
( − FA )
+ (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( 80 ) ( 30 )
( 7.06858 )(10, 600 )
+
( − FS )
+ ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( 80 ) ( 20 ) = 0
(12.5664 )( 30, 000 )
FA = FS = 89.4493 kip (both C)
F 89.4493
(a) σA = = = 12.65 ksi (C) .................................................................................. Ans.
A 7.06858
89.4493
σS = = 7.12 ksi (C) .............................................................................................. Ans.
12.5664
−νσ − ( 0.30 )( −89.4493)
(b) δd = + α ∆T d = + ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( 80 ) ( 4 )
E (12.5664 )( 30, 000 )
δ d = +0.00240 in. .................................................................................................................. Ans.
( −89.4493) + 12.5 ×10−6 80 30
(c) uB = δ A =
( 7.06858 )(10, 600 )
( ) ( ) ( )
uB = −0.00581 in. = 0.00581 in. ← ................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-62
σ 15 (106 )
δ summer = + α ∆T L = + (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( 0 ) L
E 200 (10 )
9
σ
δ winter = + (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( −40 ) L = δ summer
200 (10 )
9
σ 15 (106 )
+ (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( − 40 ) L = + (11.9 × 10 −6
) L
( 0 )
200 (10 ) 200 (10 )
9 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-63*
AS = π ( 0.75 ) 4 = 0.44179 in.2
2
δ S = δC
( − FS )( 24 ) + 6.6 ×10−6 100 24
( 0.44179 )( 30, 000 )
( ) ( )( )
( − FC )( 24 ) + 6.0 ×10−6 100 24
=
( 96.0239 )( 4500 )
( ) ( )( )
32.60305FS − FC = 25.92646 kip (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-64*
AAB = ABC = π ( 50 ) 4 = 1963.495 mm 2
2
δ AB + δ BC = 0
(TAB × 103 ) ( 200 )
+ (11.9 ×10−6 ) ( −20 )( 200 )
(1963.495 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9
+
(T ×10 ) ( 200 ) BC
3
143.4624 (103 )
σ AB = = 73.1(106 ) N/m 2 = 73.1 MPa .............................................. Ans.
1963.495 (10 −6
)
43.4624 (103 )
σ BC = = 22.1(106 ) N/m 2 = 22.1 MPa .............................................. Ans.
1963.495 (10 −6
)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-65
TC + 2TB = W
If W = 0 , then
TC = −2TB (a)
But since wires cannot sustain compressive
forces, neither of the tensions can be negative
and the only solution of Eq. (a) is
TC = TB = 0
regardless of any temperature change. And if the tensions are all zero, the stresses are also all zero
σ B = σC = 0 ............................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-66*
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + TA + TB − 100 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 150TA + 450TB − 450 (100 ) = 0
TA + 3TB = 300 kN (a)
δ B = ( 450 150 ) δ A
TB ( 500 )
+ ( 22.5 × 10 −6
) ( − 25 )( 500 )
( 300 × 10 )( 70 × 10 )
−6
9
450 TA ( 250 )
=
150 (1200 ×10−6 )( 210 × 109 )
+ (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( − 25 )( 250 )
TA = 212.8555 kN TB = 29.0482 kN
212.8555 (103 )
σA = = 177.4 (106 ) N/m 2 = 177.4 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
1200 (10
)
(a) −6
29.0482 (10 ) 3
141.904 (103 )
= 226 (106 ) N/m 2 = 226 MPa ....................................... Ans.
V
(c) τC = =
A 2 π ( 0.020 )2 4
vE = δ B =
( 29.0482 )( 500 ) + ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( −25 )( 500 )
( 300 ×10 )( 70 ×10 )
(d) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-67
TC + 2TB = W = 5 kip
Assume that the wires are adjusted such that the weight is evenly
supported by the three wires prior to the temperature change. Then
TC = TB = 5 3 = 1.66667 kip
δB =
(1.66667 )( 3 ×12 ) = 0.0082759 in.
( 0.25)( 29, 000 )
δC =
(1.66667 )( 5 ×12 ) = 0.0188679 in.
( 0.5)(10, 600 )
After the temperature change of +50 °F
TC + 2TB = 5 kip (a)
and assuming that the wires stay taught (in tension)
the additional stretch of the wires must be equal
δ B − 0.0082759 = δ C − 0.0188679
TB ( 36 )
+ ( 6.6 ×10−6 ) ( 50 )( 36 ) − 0.0082759
( 0.25 )( 29, 000 )
TC ( 60 )
= + (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( 50 )( 60 ) − 0.0188679
( 0.5 )(10, 600 )
TB − 2.27987TC = 3.02647 kip (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-68
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + TCE − TBF = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 240TCE − 80TBF = 0
TBF = 3TCE (a)
c = 3b b = δ BF c = −δ CE
( −δ CE ) = 3δ BF
TCE ( 600 )
− + ( 22.5 × 10 −6
) ( − 60 )( 600 )
( 900 × 10 )( 73 × 10 )
−6
9
TBF (1000 )
= 3 + (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( − 60 )(1000 )
(1200 × 10 )( 210 × 10 )
−6
9
δ BF =
(197, 472.87 )(1000 ) + (11.9 ×10−6 ) ( −60 )(1000 ) = 0.069623 mm
(1200 ×10 )( 210 ×10 )
(c) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-69*
Initially,
( 200 )(120 ) + 12.5 ×10−6 0 120
δ init =
PL
+ α ∆T L = ( ) ( )( )
AE ( 0.15) (10.6 ×106 )
= 0.01509434 in.
First determine the temperature rise required to close the gap so the weight rests on the floor
( 200 )(120 ) + 12.5 ×10−6 ∆T 120
δ=
( 0.15) (10.6 ×106 )
( ) ( )( )
∆T = 53.33 °F
= δ init + 0.08 = 0.02309434 in.
(a) Not touching the floor. Therefore, T = W = 200 lb and
200
σ= = 1333 psi (T) ...................................................................................................... Ans.
0.15
(b) Now the weight is partially resting on the floor so T < W and
σ (120 )
δ= + (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( 60 )(120 ) = 0.02309434 in.
(10.6 ×10 ) 6
σ = −5910 psi
But the wire cannot support a compression. Therefore, at this temperature the wire has become slack, and the
weight rests totally on the floor.
σ = 0 psi .................................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-70*
dδ σ P
= + α∆T = + α∆T
dx E AE
A = π r 2 = π (1 + x ) ro
2
= π (1 + x ) ro2 = (1 + x ) Ao
2 2
1 P
δ = ∫ dδ = ∫ + α∆T dx = 0
0 AE
P 1
1
dx P −1 P
∫ + α ∆ T (1) = + α∆T = + α∆T = 0
E (1 + x ) Ao
0 2
EAo (1 + x ) 0 2 EAo
P
= −2 Eα ∆T
Ao
−2 Eα ∆T −2 ( 74 ×10 )(12.5 × 10 ) ( 50 )
9 −6
P P
σ= = = =
A (1 + x )2 Ao (1 + x )
2
(1 + x )
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-71*
δ B = ( 4 5) δ A
TB ( 5 × 12 )
+ ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( 30 )( 5 ×12 )
( 2.5 )( 30, 000 )
4 T ( 4 ×12 )
= A + ( 9.4 ×10−6 ) ( −50 )( 4 × 12 )
5 ( 3)(15, 000 )
TB = 1.06667TA − 37.41000 kip (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-72
2Ts = Fa (a)
δ s + δ a = 0.5 mm
Ts ( 330 )
+ (17.3 × 10 −6
) (100 )( 330 )
(115 × 10 )(190 ×10 )
−6
9
Fa ( 250.5 )
+ − ( 22.5 × 10 −6
) (100 )( 250.5 ) = 0.5 mm
( 625 ×10 )( 73 × 10 )
−6
9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-73
TS = V FA = 2V = 2TS (a,b)
δS = δ A
TS ( 7 )
+ ( 6.6 ×10−6 ) ( −40 )( 7 )
( 0.5 ×1)( 29, 000 )
( − FA )( 7 ) + 12.5 ×10−6 −40 7
= ( ) ( )( )
( 0.5 ×1)(10, 600 )
TS + 2.73585FA = −3.42200 kip (c)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-74
dδ σ σ 100 x 2
= + α ∆T = + α 2 δ =0
dx E E L
L σ 100α x 2 σ L 100α L3
δ =∫ + dx = + =0
0
E L2 E 3L2
σ= =
3 3
σ = 52.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 52.5 MPa .............................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-75
Ta = Fs (a)
δ a + δ s = ∆ nut (b)
Ta (14 )
+ (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )(14 )
(1.4 )(10, 000 )
Fs (12 )
+ − ( 6.6 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )(12 ) = ∆ nut
( 0.400 )( 30, 000 )
Initially,
Ts = Fb = 3.500 kip ∆T = 0
∆ nut = 0.00700 in.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-75 (cont.)
σ a = σ s = 0 ksi 73 °F ≤ ∆T ≤ 100 °F
( 3.5 − 0.0479000∆T )(14 ) + 12.5 ×10−6 ∆T 14
(b) δa =
(1.4 )(10, 000 )
( ) ( )( )
δ a = ( 3.500 + 0.12710∆T ) (10−3 ) in. (stretch) 0 °F ≤ ∆T ≤ 73 °F
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-76
P = 35 kN
4 ΣM F = 0 : 300 ( 35 ) − 50 FD − 100TC = 0
FD + 2TC = 210 kN (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm
TC ( 300 )
+ (11.9 × 10 −6
) ( )( )
∆ T 300
( 600 × 10 )( 200 × 10 )
−6
9
FD (150 )
= 2 − ( 22.5 × 10 −6
) ( ∆ T )(150 ) + 0.09
( 2500 × 10 )( 73 × 10 )
−6
9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-76 (cont.)
( 28.5090 + 3.56621∆T ) (103 )
σD = = (11.4036 + 1.42648∆T ) MPa (C)
2500 (10−6 )
δ C = ( 0.22686 − 0.00088778∆T ) mm
( 28.5090 + 3.56621∆T ) (103 ) (150 )
δD = − ( 22.5 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )(150 )
( 2500 ×10 )( 73 ×10 )
−6 9
δ D = ( 0.02343 + 0.00044387 ∆T ) mm
δC
(c) θ = tan −1
100
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-77
4 ΣM C = 0 : 8TA + 3TB = 0
8σ A (1.75 ) + 3σ B ( 2.25 ) = 0
σ B = −2.07407σ A (a)
δ A = ( 8 3) δ B
σ A ( 48 )
+ ( 6.6 ×10−6 ) ( ∆T )( 48 )
( 28, 000 )
8 σ ( 36 )
= B + (12.5 × 10−6 ) ( ∆T )( 36 )
3 (10, 600 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-78
4 ΣM A = 0 : 240TCE − 80TBF = 0
TBF = 3TCE
σ BF (1200 ×10−6 ) = 3σ CE ( 900 × 10−6 )
σ BF = 2.2500σ CE (a)
c = 3b (b)
σ BF (1000 )
b = δ BF = = 4.76190 (10−9 ) σ BF mm
( 210 ×10 )9
As CE cools down
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-78 (cont.)
(a) σ BF = −0.75256 (106 ) ∆T N/m 2 ........................................................................................ Ans.
(Note that since ∆T is negative the stresses will be positive or tension stresses.)
−0.75256 (106 ) ∆T (1000 )
δ BF = = −3.58364 (10−3 ) ∆T mm ................................ Ans.
( 210 ×10 )
(b) 9
= −10.75093 (10−3 ) ∆T
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-79*
For the fillet: D d = 3 2 = 1.50 r d = 0.4 2 = 0.20
From Fig. 5-20(c): K t ≅ 1.73
P P
σ = Kt = 1.73 ≤ 66 ksi P ≤ 19.08 kip
At ( 2 )( 0.25 )
For the hole: d w = 0.5 3 = 0.1667
From Fig. 5-20(b): K t ≅ 2.48
P P
σ = Kt = 2.48 ≤ 66 ksi P ≤ 16.63 kip
At ( 3 − 0.5)( 0.25)
Pmax = 16.63 kip ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-80
For the small hole: d w = 16 160 = 0.10
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-81
500
(a) With no hole: σA = = 1000 psi ....................................................................... Ans.
( 4 )(1 8)
With a hole: d w = (1 64 ) 4 = 0.0039
From Fig. 5-20(b): K t ≅ 3.00
500
σ A = 3.00 = 3012 psi ................................................................. Ans.
( 4 − 1 64 )(1 8)
(b) At A: θ = 0° σr = 0 τ rθ = 0
Eq. 5-6: σ θ = σ (1 + 2 cos 2θ ) = 1000 1 + 2 cos 2 ( 0° ) = 3000 psi ............................ Ans.
(Since Eq. 5-6 assumes a plate of infinite width, the size of the hole has no effect in the equation.)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-82*
For the fillet: D d = 80 40 = 2.0
r d = r 40
100 (103 )
≤ 205 (106 ) N/m 2
P
σ = Kt = Kt
At ( 0.040 )( 0.020 )
K t ≤ 1.64
From Fig. 5-20(c): r d = r 40 ≥ 0.3
rmin ≅ 12.00 mm ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-83*
r 0.5 d
For the grooves: = =1
b B −1 r
P 10
σ = Kt = Kt ≤ 20 ksi (a)
At ( B − 1)( 0.5)
Solve by systematic trial and error.
First try K t ≅ 2 :
Eq. (a) gives B −1 = 2
then r b = 0.5 2 = 0.25
Fig. 5-20(a): K t ≅ 1.92
Next try K t ≅ 1.92 :
Eq. (a) gives B − 1 = 1.92
then r b = 0.5 1.92 = 0.26
Fig. 5-20(a): K t ≅ 1.92
Therefore Bmin = 1.92 + 1 = 2.92 in. ........................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-84
At A: σx = 0 τ xy = 0
d w = 80 200 = 0.40
From Fig. 5-20(b): K t ≅ 2.2
180 (103 )
= 132.0 (106 ) N/m 2
P
σ y = K t = 2.2
At ( 0.200 − 0.080 )( 0.025)
E 73
ν= −1 = − 1 = 0.30357
2G 2 ( 28 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-85*
4 ΣM B = 0 : 8TCD − 10 P = 0
(a) TCD = 1.25 P = 1.25 ( 28 ) = 35 kip
σ CD =
( 35 ) = 35.0 ksi ................................................................Ans.
1.00
(b) TCD = 1.25 P = 1.25 ( 35 ) = 43.75 kip
σ CD =
( 43.75) = 43.75 ksi ≅ 43.7 ksi ...................................Ans.
1.00
43.75 − 42
(c) ε CD = 0.004 + = 0.0052500 in./in.
1400
δ CD = ε CD LCD = ( 0.0052500 )( 8 ) = 0.0420 in. ................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-86*
π
A= ( 20 ) = 314.1593 mm 2
2
4
50 (103 )
σ top = = 159.2 (106 ) N/m 2
314.1593 (10 )
(a) −6
30 (103 )
σ bottom = = 95.5 (106 ) N/m 2
314.1593 (10 −6
)
σ bottom = 95.5 MPa ......................................................................................................... Ans.
95 (103 )
σ top = = 302 (106 ) N/m 2 = 302 MPa ................................................ Ans.
314.1593 (10 )
(b) −6
30 (103 )
σ bottom = = 95.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 95.5 MPa .......................................... Ans.
314.1593 (10 −6
)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-87
10
(a) σ AB = = 8.14873 ksi ( < 42 ksi )
π (1.25 ) 4
2
10
σ BC = = 22.63537 ksi ( < 42 ksi )
π ( 0.75 ) 4
2
8.14873 22.63537
δ = (10 ) + (10 ) = 0.0293 in. ................................................... Ans.
10,500 10,500
20
(b) σ AB = = 16.29747 ksi ( < 42 ksi )
π (1.25 ) 4
2
20
σ BC = = 45.27074 ksi ( > 42 ksi )
π ( 0.75 ) 4
2
1629747 42 45.27074 − 42
δ = (10 ) + + (10 ) = 0.0789 in. ........................ Ans.
10,500 10,500 1400
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-88*
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + TA + TB − 160 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 1.5TB + 4TA − 5 (160 ) = 0
1.5TB + 4TA = 800 kN (a)
δ A = ( 4 1.5 ) δ B (b)
Try elastic solution …
TA ( 2000 ) 4 TB (1500 )
=
( 500 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 ) 1.5 ( 750 ×10−6 )( 210 ×109 )
TB = 2.15753TA
TA = 110.55372 kN TB = 238.52343 kN
110.55362 (103 )
σA = = 221(106 ) N/m 2 ( < 330 MPa - elastic )
500 (10 −6
)
238.52343 (103 )
σB = = 318 (106 ) N/m 2 ( > 275 MPa - plastic )
750 (10 −6
)
(a) Therefore, σ B = 275 MPa (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
TB = ( 275 × 106 )( 750 ×10−6 ) = 206, 250 N TA = 122, 656 N
= 245 (106 ) N/m 2 = 245 MPa (T) (still elastic) ........................... Ans.
122, 656
σA =
500 (10−6 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-89*
2TS + TA = P 2 (1.6σ S ) + ( 3.2σ A ) = P (a)
δS = δ A
σ S (8) σ A (10 )
= σ S = 3.41981σ A (b)
( 29, 000 ) (10, 600 )
σ S = 100 ksi σ A = 29.2414 ksi
TS = 100 (1.6 ) = 160 kip (T) TA = 29.2414 ( 3.2 ) = 93.572 kip (T)
Pmax = 93.572 + 2 (160 ) = 414 kip ..................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-90
sin θ = 4 5
TA + 2 ( 4 5 ) TB = 1110 kN (a)
δ B = ( 4 5) δ A (b)
Try elastic solution …
513.2948 (103 )
σB = = 342 (106 ) N/m 2 ( > 250 MPa - plastic )
1500 (10 −6
)
(a) Therefore, σ B = 250 MPa (T) .................................................................................................. Ans.
TB = ( 250 ×106 )(1500 ×10−6 ) = 375, 000 N TA = 510, 000 N
= 340 (106 ) N/m 2 = 340 MPa (T) (still elastic) ......................... Ans.
510, 000
σA =
1500 (10 )
−6
vC = δ A =
( 510, 000 )(1200 ) = 5.67 mm ↓ .......................................................... Ans.
(1500 ×10 )( 72 ×10 )
(b) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-91*
→ ΣFx = 0 : Cx + ( 3 5 ) TA = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : C y + TB + ( 4 5 ) TA − 50 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 6TB + 15 ( 4 5 ) TA − 18 ( 50 ) = 0
δ A = ( 4 5 ) a = ( 4 5 ) (15 6 ) δ B
δ A = 2δ B (b)
Try elastic solution …
TA ( 40 ) TB ( 20 )
= 2
(1.5)(10,500 ) (1.5 )( 29, 000 )
TB = 2.76190TA
TA = 31.50 kip TB = 87.00 kip
31.5
σA = = 21.0 ksi ( < 55 ksi - elastic )
1.5
87.00
σB = = 58.0 ksi ( > 36 ksi - plastic )
1.5
(a) Therefore, σ B = 36 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-92
350 (106 ) 1400 (106 )
EA = = 70.0 (109 ) N/m 2 ES = = 200.0 (109 ) N/m 2
0.005 0.007
TA + TS = 530 kN (a)
δ A = δS (b)
Try elastic solution …
TA ( 750 ) TS ( 750 )
= TS = 2.85714TA
( 315 ×10 )( 70 ×10 ) ( 315 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
TA = 137.407 kN TS = 392.593 kN
Therefore, σ A = 350 MPa (T) TA = ( 350 ×106 )( 315 × 10−6 ) = 110, 250 N
TS = 530, 000 − 110, 250 = 419, 750 N
v = δS =
( 419, 750 )( 750 ) = 5.00 mm ↓ ............................................................ Ans.
( 315 ×10 )( 200 ×10 )
−6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-93
4 ΣM D = 0 : 10 P − 5TA − 2TB = 0
5TA + 2TB = 10 P (a)
δ A = ( 5 2 ) δ B = 2.5δ B (b)
c = (10 5 ) δ A = 2δ A (c)
(a) P = 40 kip
Try elastic solution …
TA (10 ) TB (10 )
= 2.5
( 2 )(10, 000 ) ( 2.5 )( 30, 000 )
TB = 1.5TA 5TA + 2TB = 10 ( 40 ) = 400 kip
TA = 50.0 kip TB = 75.0 kip
50.0
σA = = 25.0 ksi ( < 34 ksi - elastic ) ...................................................................... Ans.
2
75.0
σB = = 30.0 ksi ( < 36 ksi - elastic ) ...................................................................... Ans.
2.5
(b) P = 60 kip
Try elastic solution …
TB = 1.5TA 5TA + 2TB = 10 ( 60 ) = 600 kip
TA = 75.0 kip TB = 112.5 kip
75
σA = = 37.5 ksi ( > 34 ksi - yields )
2
112.5
σB = = 45.0 ksi ( > 36 ksi - plastic )
2.5
Therefore, σ B = 36 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-93 (cont.)
(c) P = 65 kip 5TA + 2TB = 10 ( 65 ) = 650 kip
σ B = 36 ksi (T) TB = ( 36 )( 2.5 ) = 90.0 kip
TA = 94.0 kip
94.0
σA = = 47.0 ksi ε A ≅ 0.006 in./in.
2
vC = 2δ A = 2ε A LA = 2 ( 0.006 )(10 ) = 0.1200 in. ↓ ....................................................... Ans.
25
(d) P = 40 kip εA = = 0.00250 in./in. ........................................................ Ans.
10, 000
(e) P = 65 kip ε A ≅ 0.006 in./in. ............................................................................... Ans.
δB δ A 2.5 εA
εB = = = = 0.00240 in./in. .................................. Ans.
LB 10 2.5
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-94
4 ΣM C = 0 : 150TA + 450TB − 450 P = 0
TA + 3TB = 3P
σ A ( 500 × 10−6 ) + 3σ B ( 750 × 10−6 ) = 3P
σ A + 4.5σ B = 6000 P (a)
δ B = 3δ A (b)
σ B ( 500 ) σ ( 250 )
= 3 A
( 210 × 10 9
) ( 73 ×109 )
σ B = 4.3151σ A (b)
From Eqs. (a) and (b):
σ A = 293.9 P N/m 2 (T)
σ B = 1268.0 P N/m 2 (T)
σ A ( 250 )
δA = mm
( 73 ×10 )9
σ B ( 500 )
δB = mm
( 210 ×10 ) 9
δ B = 3δ A
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-95
Ast = π ( 0.75 ) 4 = 0.44179 in 2
2
Fal = Tst
σ al ( 0.40 ) = σ st ( 0.44179 )
σ al = 1.10447σ st (a)
0.125θ
δ st + δ al = ∆ nut = (b)
360
σ st (12 )
δ st = = 0.400 (10−3 ) σ st
( 30, 000 )
If ε al ≤ 0.004 then
σ al (10 )
δ al = = 0.95238 (10−3 ) σ al
(10,500 )
0.125θ
0.400 (10−3 ) σ st + 0.95238 (10−3 ) σ al = (b)
360
From Eqs. (a) and (b)
(a) σ st = 0.23915θ ksi (T)
σ al = 1.10447σ st = 0.26414θ ksi (C)
(b) δ st = 0.400 (10−3 ) σ st = 0.09566 (10−3 ) θ in.
δ al = 0.95238 (10−3 ) σ al = 0.25156 (10−3 ) θ in.
If ε al ≥ 0.004 then
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-95 (cont.)
Now from Eqs. (a) and (b)
(a) σ st = ( 31.3666 + 0.041889θ ) ksi (T)
σ al = 1.10447σ st = ( 34.6434 + 0.046265θ ) ksi (C)
(b) δ st = 0.400 (10−3 ) σ st = (12.5466 + 0.01676θ ) (10−3 ) in.
(c) L = 10 − δ al
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-96*
pr (100 )(148 )
σ= = = 3700 kPa = 3.70 MPa ............................................................ Ans.
2t 2 ( 2)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-97*
pr ( 800 )( 5 )
σh = = ≤ 10, 000 psi
t t
t ≥ 0.400 in. ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-98
pr p (1625 − 22 )
σa = = ≤ 45.0 MPa p ≤ 1.235 MPa
2t 2 ( 22 )
pr p (1625 − 22 )
σh = = ≤ 100.0 MPa p ≤ 1.372 MPa
t ( 22 )
pmax = 1.235 MPa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-99
pr (100 ) (17.5 × 12 ) − 7 8
σ= = = 11,950 psi
2t 2 ( 7 8)
σ = 11.95 ksi ................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-100*
pr ( 950 )( 500 − 50 )
σx = σa = = = 4275 kPa = 4.275 MPa
2t 2 ( 50 )
pr ( 950 )( 500 − 50 )
σ y = σh = = = 8550 kPa = 8.550 MPa
t ( 50 )
τ xy = 0 MPa θ = −30°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= 4.275cos 2 ( −30° ) + 8.55sin 2 ( −30° ) + 0
σ n = 5.34 MPa (T) ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-101*
pr ( 200 )( 3 × 12 )
(a) σa = = = 7200 psi = 7.20 ksi ............................................................ Ans.
2t 2 ( 0.5 )
pr ( 200 )( 3 × 12 )
σh = = = 14, 400 psi = 14.40 ksi ...................................................... Ans.
t ( 0.5)
29, 000
(b) E = 2 (1 + ν ) G ν= − 1 = 0.31818
2 (11, 000 )
σ a −νσ h 7.2 − 0.31818 (14.4 )
εa = = = 90.3 (10−6 ) = 90.3 µ in./in. ......................... Ans.
E 29, 000
σ h −νσ a 14.4 − 0.31818 ( 7.2 )
εh = = = 418 (10−6 ) = 418 µ in./in. ........................... Ans.
E 29, 000
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-102
p = γ h = ( 850 × 9.81)( 6 ) = 50, 031.00 N/m 2
pr ( 50, 031.00 )(10 )
σh = = ≤ 80 (106 ) N/m 2
t t
t ≥ 0.00625 m = 6.25 mm ............................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-103
(a) p = γ h = ( 62.4 )( 50 ) = 3120 psf = 21.6667 psi
σ a = 0 ksi (not including the weight of the tank) ..................................................... Ans.
pr (10.8333)( 6 × 12 − 0.5 )
σh = = = 1549 psi = 1.549 ksi ........................................ Ans.
t ( 0.5)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-104*
pr ( 2800 × 10 ) ( 600 )
3
σx = σh = =
(a) t ( 20 )
= 84.00 (106 ) N/m 2 = 84.00 MPa
pr ( 2800 × 10 ) ( 600 )
3
σ y = σa = =
2t 2 ( 20 )
= 42.00 (106 ) N/m 2 = 42.00 MPa
3
τ xy = 0 MPa φ = tan −1 = 36.870° θ = 90° + φ = 126.870°
4
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= 84 cos 2 (126.870° ) + 42sin 2 (126.870° ) + 0
σ n = 57.1 MPa (T) ................................................................................................................ Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 84 − 42 ) sin (126.870° ) cos (126.870° ) + 0
τ nt = +20.2 MPa .................................................................................................................... Ans.
200
(b) E = 2 (1 + ν ) G ν= − 1 = 0.31579
2 ( 76 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-105*
30, 000
E = 2 (1 + ν ) G ν= − 1 = 0.29310
2 (11, 600 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-106
At point A:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : pAp − σ h Aσ = 0
p π R 2 − π ( R − r ) − σ h 2π ( R − r ) t = 0
2
pr ( 2 R − r )
σh = ............................................ Ans.
2t ( R − r )
σh σa p
+ = rh = r ra = − ( R − r )
rr ra t
p σ p p ( 2R − r ) pr
σa = ( ra ) − h ( ra ) = − ( R − r ) − − ( R − r ) = ...................... Ans.
t rh t 2t ( R − r ) 2t
At point B:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : p π ( R + r ) − π R 2 − σ h 2π ( R + r ) t = 0
2
pr ( 2 R + r )
σh = ................................................................................................................... Ans.
2t ( R + r )
σh σa p
+ = rh = r ra = R + r
rr ra t
p σ p p ( 2R + r ) pr
σa = ( ra ) − h ( ra ) = ( R + r ) − ( R + r ) = ..................................... Ans.
t rh t 2t ( R + r ) 2t
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-107
r 2
p =γ y θ = sin −1 = 30°
r
W = ∫ γ dV = ∫ γπ ( r 2 − y 2 ) dy
r
r 2
r
y3 5γπ r 3
= γπ r 2 y − =
3 r 2 24
r 3
x = r 2 − y 2 = r 2 − ( r 2) =
2
2
↑ ΣFy = 0 : σ m Am cos 30° − W − pAp = 0
σ m ( 2π xt ) cos 30° − W − p (π x 2 ) = 0
2
r 3 5γπ r 3 γ r r 3
σ m ( 2π t ) cos 30° − − π =0
2 24 2 2
7γ r 2
σm = ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
18t
σm σt p
+ = rm = rt = r
rm rt t
7γ r σ t γ r γ r2
+ = σt = ................................................................................ Ans.
18t r 2t 9t
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-108
pr p ( 600 )
σx = σh = = = 30 p N/m 2
t 20
pr p ( 600 )
σ y = σa = = = 15 p N/m 2
2t 2 ( 20 )
τ xy = 0 N/m 2
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ = 30 p cos 2 ( −53° ) + 15 p sin 2 ( −53° )
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ ) = − ( 30 p − 15 p ) sin ( −53° ) cos ( −53° )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-109
pr ( 200 )( 24 )
σx = σh = = = 6400 psi
t ( 0.75)
pr ( 200 )( 24 )
σ y = σa = = = 3200 psi
2t 2 ( 0.75 )
τ xy = 0 psi
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = ( 6400 ) cos 2 (θ − 90° ) + 3200sin 2 (θ − 90° )
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
τ nt = − ( 6400 − 3200 ) sin (θ − 90° ) cos (θ − 90° )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-110*
pr P ( 2 × 10 ) ( 500 ) ( 40 ×103 )
6
σx = − = −
2t A 2 ( 20 ) π (1.0402 − 12 ) 4
σ x = 24.4 (106 ) N/m 2 = 24.4 MPa ........................................................................... Ans.
pr ( 2 ×10 ) ( 500 )
6
σy = =
t ( 20 )
σ y = 50.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 50.0 MPa ............................................................................ Ans.
τ xy = 0 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-111
pr P ( 300 )(1.5 × 12 ) ( P)
σx = + = + ≤ 18 (103 ) psi
2t A 2 ( 0.375 ) π (18.75 − 18 ) 4
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-112
pr ( 2800 × 10 ) ( 600 )
3
σx = σh = =
t ( 20 )
= 84.00 (106 ) N/m 2 = 84.00 MPa
σy = − = −
2t A 2 ( 20 ) π (1.282 − 1.22 ) 4
= 41.1657 (106 ) N/m 2 = 41.1657 MPa
3
τ xy = 0 MPa φ = tan −1 = 36.870° θ = 90° + φ = 126.870°
4
(a) σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = 84 cos 2 (126.870° ) + 41.1657 sin 2 (126.870° ) = 56.6 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
(b) τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
τ nt = − ( 84 − 41.1657 ) sin (126.870° ) cos (126.870° ) = +20.6 MPa ......................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-113*
pr P p ( 20 ) (10, 000 )
σx = + = −
2t A 2 ( 0.4 ) π ( 20.82 − 202 ) 4
= 25 p + 390.08564 psi
pr p ( 20 )
σy = = = 50 p
t ( 0.4 )
3
τ xy = 0 MPa φ = tan −1 = 36.870° θ = 90° + φ = 126.870°
4
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 25 p + 390.08564 ) cos 2 (126.870° ) + ( 50 p ) sin 2 (126.870° ) + 0
= 41 p + 140.43150 ≤ 11, 000
p = 265 psi ............................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-114*
pr P ( 2500 )( 500 ) 50 (103 )
σ axial = + = +
2t A 2 ( 20 ) π (1.042 − 12 ) 4
= 811.421(103 ) N/m 2 = 811.421 kPa
pr ( 2500 )( 500 )
σ hoop = = = 62.500 (103 ) N/m 2 = 62.500 kPa
t ( )
20
200
E = 2 (1 + ν ) G ν= − 1 = 0.31579
2 ( 76 )
σ axial −νσ hoop 811, 421 − 0.31579 ( 62,500 )
ε axial = =
E 200 (109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-115
pr P (100 )( 2 × 12 ) ( 5000 )
σx = + = + = 4931.94 psi
2t A 2 ( 0.25 ) π ( 48.52 − 482 ) 4
pr (100 )( 2 × 12 )
σy = = = 9600.00 psi
t ( 0.25)
Outside: σ max = 9600 psi σ min = 0 psi
σ max − σ min 9600 − 0
τ max = = = 4800 psi ................................................................ Ans.
2 2
σ max = 9600 psi σ min = − p = −100 psi
σ max − σ min 9600 − ( −100 )
τ max = = = 4850 psi ..................................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-116
pr p ( 600 )
σx = σh = = = 30 p N/m 2
t ( 20 )
pr P p ( 600 ) 130 (103 )
σy = − = −
2t A 2 ( 20 ) π (1.282 − 1.22 ) 4
= 15 p − 834, 280 N/m 2
τ xy = 0 N/m 2
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = ( 30 p ) cos 2 ( −53° ) + (15 p − 834, 280 ) sin 2 ( −53° ) N/m 2
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
τ nt = − ( 30 p ) − (15 p − 834, 280 ) sin ( −53° ) cos ( −53° ) N/m 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-117
pr ( 200 )( 24 )
σx = σh = = = 6400 psi
t ( 0.75)
pr P ( 200 )( 24 ) 30, 000
σy = − = − = 2934.74 psi
2t A 2 ( 0.75 ) π ( 4 × 12 )( 0.75 )
τ xy = 0 psi
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
σ n = ( 6400 ) cos 2 (θ − 90° ) + 2934.74sin 2 (θ − 90° )
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos 2 θ − sin 2 θ )
τ nt = − ( 6400 − 2934.74 ) sin (θ − 90° ) cos (θ − 90° )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-118*
a 2 pi b 2 125 ( 75 ) 2002
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-119
t = b − a = 0.1a b = 1.1a
From thick-walled cylinder equations:
a2 p b2 a2 p (1.1a )2
σ t = 2 2 1 + 2 = 1 + = 10.524 p
b − a a (1.1a )2 − a 2 a 2
From thin-walled cylinder equations:
pr pa
σh = σt = = = 10 p
2t 0.1a
10.524 p − 10 p
Error = (100 ) = 4.979 ≅ 5% ................................................................. Ans.
10.524 p
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-120
σ max = σ t at ρ =a
a 2 pi b 2 1002 pi 1502
σt = 1 + = 1 + ≤ 430 MPa
b 2 − a 2 a 2 1502 − 1002 1002
pi ≤ 165.4 MPa .............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-121*
σ max = σ t at ρ =a
a 2 pi b 2 22 pi 42
σt = 1 + = 1 + = 1.6667 pi
b 2 − a 2 a 2 42 − 22 22
σ max − σ min σ t − ( − p ) 1.6667 pi − ( − pi )
τ max = = = ≤ 24 ksi
2 2 2
pi ≤ 18.00 ksi .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-122
a 2 pi b 2 100 ( 75 ) 1502
2
σt = 1 + = 1 + = 146.4 MPa
b 2 − a 2 ρ 2 1502 − 1002 1252
a 2 pi b 2 100 ( 75 ) 1502
2
σr = 1 − = 1 − = −26.4 MPa
b 2 − a 2 ρ 2 1502 − 1002 1252
σ max − σ min σt −σr 146.4 − ( −26.4 )
τ max = = = = 86.4 MPa ..................................... Ans.
2 2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-123*
a 2 pi b 2 4 ( 25 ) 7 2
2
a 2 pi b 2 4 ( 25 ) 72
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-124*
a 2 pi − b 2 po a b ( pi − po )
2 2
σt = +
b2 − a 2 (b2 − a 2 ) ρ 2
252 ( 85 ) − 1252 ( 30 ) ( 25 ) (125 ) ( 85 − 30 )
2 2
35,807
= + = −27.708 +
ρ 2
MPa
125 − 25
2 2
(125 − 25 ) ρ
2 2 2
75
35,807 35,807
( −27.708 ) + ρ 2 d ρ = ( −27.708 ) ρ − ρ
75
F =∫
50
50
F = −454 (103 ) N/m = −454 kN/m .......................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-125
a 2 pi b 2 8 ( 20 ) b 2
2
(a) σt = 1 + = 1 + ≤ 36 ksi
b 2 − a 2 a 2 b 2 − 8 2 82
b ≥ 14.967 in. ≅ 14.97 in. ............................................................................................. Ans.
30, 000
(b) E = 2 (1 + ν ) G ν= − 1 = 0.29310
2 (11, 600 )
a 2 pi
δa = (1 −ν ) a 2 + (1 + ν ) b 2
( b − a ) Ea
2 2
82 ( 20 )
= (1 − 0.29310 )( 8 )2 + (1 + 0.29310 )(14.967 )2
(14.967 − 8 ) ( 30, 000 )(8)
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-126*
From Table B-18 σ y = 250 MPa
σ= = ≤
A A 1.6
A ≥ 640 (10−6 ) m 2 = 640 mm 2
From Table B-14 d min = 51 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
`
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-127*
From Table B-17 σ y = 36 ksi
P 80 36
σ= = ≤
A A 3
A ≥ 6.667 in.2
From Table B2, sections with A ≥ 6.667 in. include W6 × 25, W8 × 24, W10 × 30, W12 × 30
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-128
W = 2000 ( 9.81) = 19, 620 N
→ ΣFx = 0 : TB cos 30° − TA cos 50° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TB sin 30° + TA sin 50° − 19, 620 = 0
TA = 17, 253.54 N (T) TB = 12,806.05 N (T)
From Table B-18 σ y = 250 MPa
σA = = ≤ A ≥ 120.771(10−6 ) m 2
A A 1.75
12,806.05 250 (10 )
6
σB = ≤ A ≥ 89.642 (10−6 ) m 2
A 1.75
A = π d 2 4 ≥ 120.771 mm 2 d ≥ 12.40 mm
d min = 13 mm ................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-129*
From Table B-17 σ y = 50 ksi
P 20 50
σ AB = = ≤
A π d AB 4 1.5
2
P 30 50
σ BC = = ≤
A π d BC 4 1.5
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-130*
From Table B-18 concrete σ f = 34 MPa E = 31 GPa
steel σ y = 250 MPa E = 200 GPa
AS = bS2 − bC2 AC = bC2 AC = 10 AS
FC + FS = 1000 kN δC = δ S
FC L FS L
=
AC ( 31× 10 ) AS ( 200 ×109 )
9
FS = 392,156.86 N FC = 607,843.14 N
P 607,843.14 34 (10 )
6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-131
From Table B-17 σ y = 53 ksi
P 20 53
σ AB = = ≤ w ≥ 0.66038 in.
A 1w 1.75
10 53
σ BC = ≤ w ≥ 0.33019 in.
1w 1.75
50 53
σ CD = ≤ w ≥ 1.65094 in.
1w 1.75
wmin = 1.651 in. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-132
→ ΣFx = 0 : N cos 30° + V cos 60° − 85 = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : N sin 30° − V sin 60° = 0
N = 73.6122 kN V = 42.500 kN
N 73, 612.2 1035 (10 )
6
σ= = ≤
A 2 (π d 2 4 )
(There are two bolts)
1.5
d ≥ 8.24 (10−3 ) m
620 (10 6
) d ≥ 8.09 (10−3 ) m
V 42,500
τ= = ≤
A 2 (π d 4 )
2
1.5
d min = 8.24 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-133*
P 20
σ AB = = = 4.07 ksi (C) .......................... Ans.
A π ( 2.50 )2 4
60
σ BC = = 34.0 ksi (T) ................................... Ans.
π (1.50 ) 4
2
10
σ CD = = 12.73 ksi (T) ........................................ Ans.
π (1) 4
2
δ total = ∑
PL
=
( −20 )(15 )
AE π ( 2.50 )2 4 ( 30, 000 )
+
( 60 )(15) +
(10 )(15 )
π (1.50 ) 4 ( 30, 000 ) π (1)2 4 ( 30, 000 )
2
δ = +0.0213 in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-134*
δ total = δ B + δ S
P (1500 ) P (1000 )
+ ≤ 5.60 mm
π ( 0.050 ) 4 (100 × 109 )
2
π ( 0.032 )2 4 (190 × 109 )
P ≤ 394.8 (103 ) N
Pmax = 393 kN .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-135
δ AC =
PL
=
( 2.250 )( 30 ) = +0.01146 in. .................................................... Ans.
AE π ( 0.5 )2 4 ( 30, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-136*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TBD − FCE − 50 = 0
4 ΣM C = 0 : 900 ( 50 ) − 300TBD = 0
TBD = 150 kN (T)
FCE = 100 kN (C)
150 (103 )
= 120.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 120.0 MPa (T) ................................. Ans.
N
σ BD = =
A 1250 (10 )
−6
100 (103 )
σ CE = = 133.3 (106 ) N/m 2 = 133.3 MPa (C) ............................................. Ans.
750 (10
) −6
δ BD =
PL
=
(150 ×10 ) ( 600 ) = 0.98630 mm
3
AE 1250 × 10 ( 73 ×10 )
−6 9
δ CE =
PL
=
(100 ×10 ) ( 400 ) = 0.26667 mm
3
δ CE + δ BD δ CE + a
=
300 900
v A = a = 3.49 mm ↓ ............................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-137
4 ΣM C = 0 : 5P − 10TA − 6 FB = 0
10TA + 6 FB = 5 P (a)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-138
4 ΣM F = 0 : 300 P − 50 FD − 100TC = 0
FD + 2TC = 6 P (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm
TC ( 300 ) FD (150 )
= 2 + 0.09
( 625 ×10−6 )( 73 ×109 ) ( 2500 ×10−6 )(12 ×109 )
TC = (1.52083FD + 2737.50 ) N (b)
Guess that
TC = TC max = σ A
= (100 × 106 )( 625 × 10−6 ) = 62,500 N
Then FD = 39, 295.98 N P = 27,383 N
Since σ D = 15.72 MPa < σ max = 30 MPa , the guess was correct and
Pmax = 27.4 kN ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-139*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : TA + TB − 8 − 16 = 0
4 ΣM B = 0 : 8 ( 8 ) − 4TA − 2 (16 ) = 0
TA = 8.00 kip (T)
TB = 16.00 kip (T)
δ A = δ B + 4 tan θ = δ B + 4 ( 5 10, 000 ) = (δ B + 0.00200 ) in.
σ A (10 ) σ B (16 )
= + 0.00200 σ A = 1.13067σ B + 2.12000
(10, 600 ) (15, 000 )
Guess that
σ B = σ B max = 15 ksi
Then σ A = 19.0802 ksi
Since σ A < 20 ksi = σ A max , the guess was correct and
N 8
(a) σA = = ≤ 19.0802 ksi
A A
AA ≥ 0.419 in.2 = AA min ........................................................................................................ Ans.
N 16
σB = = ≤ 15 ksi AB ≥ 1.067 in.2 = AB min ............................................... Ans.
A A
(b) δA =
σL (19.0802 )(10 ) = 0.01800 in. ........................................................................ Ans.
=
E (10, 600 )
δB =
(15)(16 ) = 0.01600 in. .............................................................................................. Ans.
(15, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-140
TB = TS (a)
δB + δS = 0
TB ( 800 )
+ (17.6 × 10−6 ) ( −70 )( 800 )
π ( 0.090 ) 4 (100 × 10
2 9
)
TS ( 480 )
+ + (11.9 × 10−6 ) ( −70 )( 480 ) = 0
π ( 0.050 ) 4 ( 200 ×10
2 9
)
TB + 0.97200TS = 1.101724 (106 ) N (b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-141
sin θCD = 4 5 cos θCD = 3 5
sin θ AD = 12 13 cos θ AD = 5 13
AAD = ABD = ACD = ( 50 × 25 ) = 1250 mm 2
(12 13) TAD + TBD + ( 4 5) TCD = 650 kN
(12 13) σ AD + σ BD + ( 4 5 ) σ CD (1250 × 10−6 ) = 650 kN
σ AD L 12 σ L
= BD σ AD = 4.15385σ BD (b)
(180 ) 13 ( 40 )
σ CD L 4 σ L
= BD σ CD = 4.00000σ BD (c)
A ( 200 ) 5 A ( 40 )
σ AD = 268.8468 MPa < 400 MPa (elastic)
σ BD = 64.7223 MPa < 100 MPa (elastic)
σ CD = 258.8893 MPa > 240 MPa (plastic)
Therefore
(a) σ CD = σ y = 240 MPa (T) .................................................................................................... Ans.
and from Eqs. (a) and (b)
σ BD = 67.8482 MPa (T) ≅ 67.8 MPa (T) ....................................................................... Ans.
σ AD = 282 MPa (T) .............................................................................................................. Ans.
vD = δ BD =
σL
=
( 67.8482 ×10 ) ( 4000 ) = 6.78 mm ↓ ............................................ Ans.
6
( 40 ×10 )
(b) 9
E
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-142*
4 ΣM F = 0 : 300 (100 ) − 50 FD − 100TC = 0
FD + 2TC = 600 kN
σ D ( 2000 ×10−6 ) + 2σ C ( 600 ×10−6 ) = 600 kN
5σ D + 3σ C = 1500 (106 ) N/m 2 = 1500 MPa (a)
δ C = 2 (δ D + 0.09 ) mm (b)
σ C ( 300 ) σ (150 )
= 2 D
+ 0.09
( 200 ×109 ) (100 ×109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-143*
4
θ = tan −1 = 26.565°
8
p = γ y = ( 62.4 )( 8 ) = 499.20 psf = 3.46667 psi
( 62.4 ) π ( 4 ) ( 8) = 8364.176 lb
2
γπ r 2 h
W = γV = =
3 3
↑ ΣFy = 0 : pAp − W − σ m Aσ cos 26.565° = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-144
pr pr
σa = =σx σh = =σy τ xy = 0
2t t
σ a νσ h pr ν pr
εa = − = −
E E 2tE tE
ε a 2tE ( 300 ×10 ) ( 20 ) ( 200 ×10
−6 9
) = 3.030303 10 N/m
(a) p=
r (1 − 2ν )
=
(1000 − 10 )(1 − 0.6 )
( ) 6 2
τ max =
σ max − σ min
=
( 300 ) − ( −3.030303) = 151.5 MPa ............................................ Ans.
2 2
σ h −νσ a ( 300 ×10 ) − 0.3 (150 ×10 ) = 1275 10
6 6
(d) εh =
E
=
200 (10 ) 9 ( ) −6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-145
a 2 pi b 2 1.52 pi 3.52
σt = 1 + = 1 + = 50 ksi
b 2 − a 2 a 2 3.52 − 1.52 1.52
pi = 34.5 ksi .................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
5-146*
a 2 pi b 2 100 (125 ) 2252
2
1002 (125 )
δa = (1 − 0.30 )(100 )2 + (1 + 0.30 )( 225 )2
( 225 − 100 ) ( 210, 000 )(100 )
2 2
= 0.106685 mm
∆Di = 2δ a = 2 ( 0.106685 ) = 0.213 mm ........................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-1*
(a) Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
in the intervals AB, BC, CD, and DE of the shaft are shown.
From the free-body diagrams:
4 ΣM = 0 : TAB − 80 = 0
TAB = +80 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TBC − 80 + 100 = 0
TBC = −20 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TCD − 80 + 100 − 40 = 0
TCD = +20 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TDE − 80 + 100 − 40 − 25 = 0
TDE = +45 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
(b) A torque diagram for the shaft is shown below the
free-body diagrams.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-2*
Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
in the intervals AB, BC, CD, and DE of the shaft are shown.
From the free-body diagrams:
4 ΣM = 0 : TAB − 30 = 0
(b) TAB = +30 kN ⋅ m = Tmax .....................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TBC − 30 + 40 = 0
TBC = −10 kN ⋅ m ................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TCD − 30 + 40 − 15 = 0
TCD = +5 kN ⋅ m ...................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TDE − 30 + 40 − 15 − 5 = 0
TDE = +10 kN ⋅ m ................................................Ans.
(a) A torque diagram for the shaft is shown below the
free-body diagrams.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-3
(a) Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
in the intervals AB, BC, CD, and DE of the shaft are shown.
From the free-body diagrams:
4 ΣM = 0 : TAB − 10 = 0
TAB = +10 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TBC − 10 − 15 = 0
TBC = +25 kip ⋅ ft = Tmax .....................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TCD − 10 − 15 + 30 = 0
TCD = −5 kip ⋅ ft ...................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TDE − 10 − 15 + 30 + 15 = 0
TDE = −20 kip ⋅ ft .................................................Ans.
A torque diagram for the shaft is shown below the
free-body diagrams.
(b) Tmax = TBC = +25 kip ⋅ ft ............................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-4*
(a) Free-body diagrams for parts of the shaft to the left of sections
in the intervals AB, BC, and CD of the shaft are shown.
From the free-body diagrams:
4 ΣM = 0 : TAB − 500 = 0
TAB = +500 N ⋅ m ................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TBC − 500 + 100 = 0
TBC = +400 N ⋅ m ................................................Ans.
4 ΣM = 0 : TCD − 500 + 100 + 150 = 0
TCD = +250 N ⋅ m ................................................Ans.
(b) A torque diagram for the shaft is shown below the
free-body diagrams.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-5
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 2 ) 32 = 1.57080 in.4
4
Tc (18 )(1)
(a) τ= = = 11.46 ksi ........................................................................................... Ans.
J (1.5708 )
(b) θ=
TL
=
(18)( 6 ×12 ) = 0.0688 rad ..................................................................... Ans.
JG (1.5708 )(12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-6
J = π d 4 32 = π (1204 − 804 ) 32 = 16.33628 (106 ) mm 4
θ=
TL
=
( 28, 000 )( 2 ) = 0.0429 rad ................................................... Ans.
JG (16.33628 × 10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
(c)
θ=
TL
=
( 28, 000 )( 2 ) = 0.1114 rad ..................................................... Ans.
JG ( 6.28319 ×10−6 )( 80 ×109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-7*
Tc ( 2.2 × 12 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 14.5 ksi d ≥ 2.10 in.
J (π d 4 32 )
TL ( 2.2 × 12 )( 6.5 × 12 ) 5π
θ= = ≤ rad d ≥ 2.78 in.
JG (π d 4 32 ) ( 4000 ) 180
d min = 2.78 in. ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-8
J AB = π d 4 32 = π ( 80 ) 32 = 4.02124 (106 ) mm 4
4
J AC = π d 4 32 = π ( 65 ) 32 = 1.75248 (106 ) mm 4
4
Tc ( 6000 )( 0.040 )
τ AB = = = 59.7 (106 ) N/m 2 = 59.7 MPa ................................... Ans.
J ( 4.02124 × 10−6 )
(a)
Tc ( 4000 )( 0.0325 )
τ AC = = = 74.2 (106 ) N/m 2 = 74.2 MPa ................................... Ans.
J (1.75248 × 10 )
−6
TL
θB/ A = =
( 6000 )( 2.25 )
= 0.04197 rad ≅ 0.0420 rad
JG AB ( 4.02124 × 10 )( 80 × 10 )
(b) −6 9
........... Ans.
θC / A =
TL
=
( 4000 )(1.60 ) = 0.04565 rad
JG AC (1.75248 × 10 )( 80 × 10 )
(c) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-10*
J = π d 4 32 = π (100 ) 32 = 9.81748 (106 ) mm 4
4
(a) Tmax = 14 kN ⋅ m
Tc (14, 000 )( 0.050 )
τ max = = = 71.3 (106 ) N/m 2
J ( 9.81748 ×10 )
−6
θE / A =
(8000 − 7000 + 8000 + 14, 000 )(1.50 ) = +0.0439 rad .................................... Ans.
( 9.81748 ×10 )(80 ×10 )
(c) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-11
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 44 − 24 ) 32 = 23.56194 in.4
(a) Tmax = TBC = 11 kip ⋅ ft
Tc (11× 12 )( 2 )
τ max = = = 11.20 ksi ......................... Ans.
J ( 23.56194 )
TL ( −11×12 )( 5 ×12 ) + ( +10 × 12 )( 4 × 12 )
(b) θD/ B = =
JG ( 23.56194 )(12, 000 )
θ D / B = −0.00764 rad ............................................................................................................. Ans.
( +9 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) + −0.00764 = 0.00611 rad .......................................... Ans.
(c) θD/ A = ( )
( 23.56194 )(12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-12*
(a) Tmax = TAB = 5.5 kN ⋅ m
Tc ( 5500 )( d 2 )
τ max = = ≤ 100 (106 ) N/m 2
J (π d 32 )
4
(b) θD/ A =
( 5500 )( 2 ) + ( 2500 )( 2 ) + (1000 )( 2 )
π ( 0.075 )4 32 ( 80 ×109 )
θ D / A = 0.0724 rad .................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-13
Tc T ( 0.875 )
τ= = ≤ 8 ksi T ≤ 8.42 kip ⋅ in.
J π (1.75 )4 32
TL T ( 3 × 12 ) T ( 4 × 12 )
θ= = + ≤ 0.04 rad
JG π ( 2.5 )4 32 ( 4000 ) π (1.75 )4 32 ( 4000 )
T ≤ 2.60 kip ⋅ in.
Tmax = 2.60 kip ⋅ in. .................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-14
J AB = J BC = π (160 ) 32 = 64.33982 (106 ) mm 4
4
J DE = π ( 50 ) 32 = 0.61359 (106 ) mm 4
4
θE / A =
( 40, 000 )(1) + ( 75, 000 )(1.5) + ( −25, 000 )( 2 )
( 64.33982 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 9.81748 ×10 )(80 ×10 )
(c) −6 9 −6 9
+
( −5000 )( 0.5) = −0.0850 rad
( 0.61359 ×10 )(80 ×10 )−6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-15*
TAB = T TCD = 2T
Tc T ( 0.75 )
(a) τ= = ≤ 15 ksi T ≤ 9.94020 kip ⋅ in.
J π (1.5 )4 32
τ=
Tc
=
( 2T )(1) ≤ 15 ksi T ≤ 11.78 kip ⋅ in.
J π ( 2 )4 32
Tmax = 9.94 kip ⋅ in. ................................................................................................................. Ans.
TL ( 2 × 9.94020 )( 3 × 12 )
θCD = = = 0.03797 rad
JG π ( 2 )4 32 (12, 000 )
θ A = 2 ( 0.03797 ) +
( 9.94020 )( 4 ×12 ) = 0.1559 rad .......................................... Ans.
π (1.5 )4 32 (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-16
(a) τ = Tc J = ( 2000 )( 0.040 ) J ≤ 50 (106 ) N/m 2
J ≥ 1.600 (10−6 ) m 4 = 1.600 (106 ) mm 4
π ( 804 − di4 )
J= ≥ 1.600 (106 ) mm 4 di ≤ 70.5 mm .................................... Ans.
32
θ=
TL
=
( 2000 )( 3.5) +
( 2000 )( 2.5) ≤ 0.25 rad
JG π ( 0.050 ) 32 ( 80 × 109 ) J ( 28 × 109 )
(b) 4
J ≥ 1.66272 (10−6 ) m 4 = 1.66272 (106 ) mm 4
π ( 804 − di4 )
J= ≥ 1.66272 (106 ) mm 4 di ≤ 70.0 mm .................................... Ans.
32
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-17*
Tc ( 30 ×12 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 12, 000 psi d AB ≥ 0.535 in. .................................. Ans.
(π d 4 32 )
(a)
J
(b) TCD = ( 2 5 )( 30 ) = 12 lb ⋅ ft
Tc (12 × 12 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 12, 000 psi dCD ≥ 0.394 in. ................................. Ans.
J (π d 4 32 )
(c) θ=
(12 ×12 ) L ≤ 0.5 rad L ≤ 31.2 in. ............................. Ans.
π ( 0.394 )4 32 ( 3.8 × 106 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-18*
Tc ( 45, 000 )( 0.075 )
(a) τ max = = = 67.9 (106 ) N/m 2 = 67.9 MPa ................................. Ans.
π ( 0.075 ) 2
4
J
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-19
Tc ( 3.6 × 12 )( D1 2 )
(a) τ AB = = = 18 ksi
J π D14 32
D1 = 2.30 in. .................................................................. Ans.
τ BC =
(8.8 ×12 )( D2 2 ) = 18 ksi
π D24 32
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-20*
With the left end of the shaft at x = 0
and the right end of the shaft at x = L
ρ = r + mx
J = πρ 4 2 = π ( r + mx ) 2
4
T dx T dx 2T dx
dθ = = =
JG π ( r + mx ) 2 G π G ( r + mx )4
4
L
L 2T dx 2T L dx 2T −1
θ = ∫ dθ = ∫
π G ∫0 ( r + mx ) π G 3m ( r + mx )
= =
π G ( r + mx )
0 4 4 3
0
2T ( r + mL ) − r
3 3
θ= ........................................................................................... Ans.
3π Gmr 3 ( r + mL )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-21
With the left end of the shaft at x = 0
and the right end of the shaft at x = L
T = qx dθ =
T dx
=
( qx ) dx = 2qx dx
JG (π c 4 2 ) G π Gc 4
L 2qx dx 2q L qL2
θ = ∫ dθ = ∫ = ∫ x dx = ................................................................ Ans.
0 π Gc 4
π Gc 4 0 π Gc 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-22
With the left end of the shaft at x = L
and the right end of the shaft at x = 2 L
ρ = rx L
π π
J=
2
(ρ 4
− R4 ) =
2 L4
(r 4
x 4 − R 4 L4 )
T dx 2TL4 dx
dθ = = 4 4 4 4
JG πG r x − R L
2TL4 2L dx
θ = ∫ dθ = ∫ 4 4 4 4
πG L
r x −R L
TL 2r − R r + R −1 2r −1 r
θ= 3
ln − 2 tan + 2 tan .......................... Ans.
2π GR r r − R 2r + R R R
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-23*
With the left end of the shaft at x = L
and the right end of the shaft at x = 2 L
ρ = rx L
2π r 3tx3
3
rx
J = ρ A = ρ ( 2πρ t ) = 2πρ t = 2π t =
2 2 3
L L3
T dx TL3 dx TL3 2 L dx 3TL
dθ = = θ = ∫ dθ = ∫ = ....... Ans.
JG 2π r 3tG x 3 2π r tG
3 L x 16Gtπ r 3
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-24
With the left end of the shaft at x = 0
and the right end of the shaft at x = L
T dx ( qx 2 L ) dx qx 2 dx
2
qx 2
T= dθ = = =
2L JG (π c4 2 ) G π GLc 4
q L qL2
θ = ∫ dθ = ∫ x dx =
2
................................................................................ Ans.
π GLc 4 0 3π Gc 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-25
A = π ( ro2 − ri 2 ) = 3 in.2 ri 2 = ro2 − ( 3 π )
θ=
TL
=
( 3 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) 0.246758
=
(a) rad
JG 3ro − ( 4.5 π ) (11, 000 ) 2π ro2 − 3
2
τc =
Tc
=
( 3 ×12 )( ro ) = 75.3982ro ksi
(b)
J 3ro2 − ( 4.5 π ) 2π ro − 3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-26
J = π ( ro4 − ri 4 ) 2 = π ro4 1 − ( ri ro ) 2
4
= π ( 50 ) 1 − ( ri ro ) 2 = ( 9.81748 × 106 ) 1 − ( ri ro ) mm 4
4 4 4
θ=
TL
=
( 7500 )( 2 ) =
0.0381972
rad
JG ( 9.81748 × 10 ) 1 − ( ri ro ) ( 40 ×10 ) 1 − ( ri ro )4
−6 4 9
τc =
Tc
=
( 7500 )( 0.050 ) =
38.1972 ×106
N/m 2
J ( 9.81748 ×10−6 ) 1 − ( ri ro )4 1 − ( ri ro )4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-27
ri = ( ro − 0.25 ) in.
θ=
TL
=
( 3 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) =
0.0750054
(a) rad
JG π ro4 2 − π ( ro − 0.25 )4 2 (11, 000 ) ro4 − ( ro − 0.25 )4
τc =
Tc
=
( 3 ×12 )( ro ) =
22.91831r
(b) o
ksi
J π ro4 2 − π ( ro − 0.25 )4 2 ro4 − ( ro − 0.25 )4
(c) As the outside radius increases, the shear stress decreases. Between ro = 0.5 in. and ro = 1.5 in. the
decrease in shear stress is very dramatic. Between ro = 1.5 in. and ro = 2.0 in. the decrease in shear stress
is much less dramatic. And beyond ro = 2.0 in. the decrease in shear stress is very slight. Therefore, a
reasonable maximum value for the outside radius would be around ro = 1.5 in.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-28
TLAB T (1.5 − LAB ) T ( 0.75 ) TAB = TBC = TCD = T = 2500 N ⋅ m
θD/ A = + +
J AB G J BC G J CD G GAB = GBC = GCD = G = 28 (109 ) N/m 2
J CD = π ( 75 ) 32 = 3.10631(106 ) mm 4
4
(a) For d = 75 mm
J AB = π (1004 − 754 ) 32
= 6.71117 (106 ) mm 4
J AB = π (1004 − 904 ) 32
= 3.37623 (106 ) mm 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-29*
Tc (15 )(1.5 )
(a) σ max = τ c = = = 2.83 ksi (T) .................................................................... Ans.
J π (1.5 )4 2
Tc (15 )(1)
(b) σ max = τ c = = = 9.55 ksi (C) ........................................................................ Ans.
J π (1)4 2
(c) θ=
TL
=
( −15)( 3 ×12 ) + ( −15)( 4 ×12 ) = −0.0439 rad ................. Ans.
JG π (1.5 )4 2 (12, 000 ) π (1)4 2 (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-30*
σ max = τ max = Tc J ≤ 75 MPa ≤ 80 MPa
Tmax ( 0.045 )
= 75 (106 ) N/m 2
π ( 0.090 − 0.050
4 4
) 32
Tmax = 9710 N ⋅ m = 9.71 kN ⋅ m ......................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-31
σ x = σ y = 0 ksi θ = −55°
Tc − (1.00 )( 0.75 )
τ xy = = = −4.38797 ksi
J π (1.54 − 1.354 ) 32
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-32
J 60 = π (1204 − 604 ) 32 = 19.08517 (106 ) mm 4
Tc ( 7500 )( 0.060 )
σ max = τ = = = 23.6 (106 ) N/m 2 = 23.6 MPa ........................... Ans.
J 19.08517 (10 )
(a) −6
σ max =
( 7500 )( 0.060 ) = 42.7 (106 ) N/m 2 = 42.7 MPa ............................................ Ans.
10.54004 (10 )
(b) −6
θ 60 =
TL
=
( −7500 )( 2 ) = −0.00982 rad ........................................... Ans.
JG (19.08517 ×10−6 )( 80 ×109 )
(c)
θ100 =
TL
=
( −7500 )( 2 ) = −0.01779 rad .......................................... Ans.
JG (10.54004 ×10−6 )( 80 ×109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-33*
(a) TBC = ( 4 12 )(1500 ) = 500 lb ⋅ ft ........................................................................................ Ans.
τ max ( power ) =
( 500 ×12 )( 0.625) = 15, 646 psi ≅ 15.65 ksi
π (1.25 ) 32
4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-34*
Tc ( 4T )( 0.080 )
τ AB = = ≤ 150 (106 ) N/m 2
J π ( 0.080 ) 2
4
T ≤ 30.2 (103 ) N ⋅ m
T ≤ 14.73 (103 ) N ⋅ m
θ=
TL
=
( 4T )( 2 ) +
(T )(1.5 ) ≤
2.5π
rad
JG π ( 0.080 ) 2 ( 45 ×10 ) π ( 0.050 ) 2 ( 76 × 10 ) 180
4 9 4 9
T ≤ 9140 N ⋅ m
Tmax = 9.14 kN ⋅ m ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-35
4 ΣM = 0 : −9 + Q − 21 + 10 = 0
Q = 20 kip ⋅ ft
Tmax = TBC = 11 kip ⋅ ft
Tc (11× 12 )( 2 )
τ BC = = = 11.20 ksi
J π ( 24 − 14 ) 2
(a)
TL ( 9 × 3 − 11× 5 + 10 × 4 )(12 × 12 )
(c) θ= = = +0.00611 rad ......................................... Ans.
JG π ( 24 − 14 ) 2 (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-36
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 20 ) 2 = 0.251327 (106 ) mm 4
4
τ BC =
(120 )( 0.020 ) = 9.55 (106 ) N/m 2
( 0.251327 ×10 ) −6
τ CD =
( 840 )( 0.020 ) = 66.8 (106 ) N/m 2 = 66.8 MPa ........................................... Ans.
( 0.251327 ×10 ) −6
τ DE =
(120 )( 0.020 ) = 9.55 (106 ) N/m 2 = 9.55 MPa ........................................... Ans.
( 0.251327 ×10 ) −6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-37
TL 0.172
(a) θ= = rad
JG 6
(T1 ×12 )( 24 ) + (T1 − 9 ) ×12 ( 48) = 0.172 rad
π (1)4 2 (12, 000 ) π ( 2 )4 2 (12, 000 ) 6
T1 = 2.66776 kip ⋅ ft ≅ 32.0 kip ⋅ in. ................................Ans.
Tc ( 2.66776 × 12 )(1)
(b) τ BC = = = 20.4 ksi
π (1) 2
4
J
σ BC = τ BC = 20.4 ksi (T) ..................................................Ans.
( 2.66776 − 9 ) × 12 ( 2 )
(c) σ CD = τ CD = = 6.05 ksi (C) ................................................... Ans.
π ( 2) 2
4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-38*
2π NT 2π (180 ) T
Power = T ω = = = 240 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
T = 12.73240 (103 ) N ⋅ m
Tc (12, 732.40 )( d 2 )
τ= = = 80 (106 ) N/m 2
J π d 4 32
d ≥ 0.0932 m = 93.2 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-39
TL T ( 20 × 12 )
θ= = = 0.06 rad
JG π ( 4 )4 32 (12, 000 )
T = 75.39822 kip ⋅ in. = 6.28319 kip ⋅ ft
2π NT 2π ( 270 )( 6283.19 )
Power = T ω = = = 323 hp .............................................. Ans.
60 ( 60 )( 550 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-40*
T ( 0.050 )
= 80 (106 ) N/m 2
Tc
τ= = T = 13, 672.211 N ⋅ m
J π ( 0.050 − 0.030 ) 2
4 4
(b) θ=
TL
=
(13, 672.211)( 3) = 0.0600 rad ...................................... Ans.
JG π ( 0.0504 − 0.0304 ) 2 ( 80 ×109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-41*
Power = T ω = 2π NT 60 = 2π ( 60 ) T 60 = ( 20, 000 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
T = 1.750704 (106 ) lb ⋅ ft = 21.00845 (106 ) lb ⋅ in.
TL ( 21.00845 × 10 ) ( 20 × 12 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-42
Power = T ω = 2π ( 400 ) T 60 = 200 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s T = 4774.648 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 4774.648 )( d 2 )
(a) τ= = = 70 (106 ) N/m 2 d = 0.0703 m
J π d 32
4
θ=
TL
=
( 4774.648)(1.5) = 0.045 rad d = 0.0671 m
JG π d 4 32 ( 80 × 109 )
d min = 70.3 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
T ( 0.075 2 )
(b) τ= = 50 (106 ) N/m 2 T = 4141.748 N ⋅ m
π ( 0.075 ) 32
4
2π N ( 4141.748 )
Power = = 200 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s N = 461 rpm ...................... Ans.
60
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-43
Power = T ω = 2π NT 60 = 2π ( 3800 ) T 60 = (162 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
T = 223.90588 lb ⋅ ft = 2686.8705 lb ⋅ in.
(a) τ=
( 2686.8705 )( d 2 ) = 5000 psi d = 1.39878 in. ≅ 1.399 in. ...................... Ans.
π d 4 32
Tc ( 2686.8705 )(1.5 )
(b) τ= = = 5000 psi J = 0.80606 in.4
J J
π ( 34 − di4 )
J= = 0.80606 in.4 di = 2.92090 in. ≅ 2.92 in. ....................... Ans.
32
Wh − Ws π ( 32 − 2.920902 ) 4 − π (1.39878 )2 4
(c) (100 ) = (100) = −76.1
Ws π (1.39878 ) 4 2
%reduction = 76.1% .............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-44
2π NT 2π (1800 ) T
Power = T ω = = = 1200 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
T = 6366.1977 N ⋅ m
( 6366.1977 )( d 2 ) = 100 106 N/m 2
τ=
Tc
=
J π d 4 − ( 0.75d )4 32
( ) d = 0.0780 m
θ=
TL
=
( 6366.1977 )( 3) = 0.20 rad d = 0.0844 m
JG
4
{
π d − ( 0.75d ) 32 ( 80 × 10 )
4
9
}
d min = 84.4 mm ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-45*
2π NT 2π (1800 ) T
Motor shaft: Power = T ω = = = ( 350 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 1021.24422 lb ⋅ ft = 12, 254.93 lb ⋅ in.
Tc (12.25493)( d 2 )
τ= = = 15 ksi d = 1.61 in.
J π d 4 32
TL (12.25493)(10 × 12 )
θ= = = 0.10 rad d = 1.880 in.
JG (π d 4 32 ) (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-46*
Power = T ω = 2π NT 60
2π ( 250 ) TAB 60 = 200 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s TAB = 7639.4373 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 7639.4373)( d 2 )
(a) τ= = = 75 (106 ) N/m 2 d = 0.0804 m
J π d 32
4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-47
2π NT 2π ( 360 ) T1
(a) Motor shaft: Power = T ω = = = (100 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T1 = 1458.92031 lb ⋅ ft = 17,507.0 lb ⋅ in.
Tc (17.5070 )( d1 2 )
τ= = = 12 ksi d1 = 1.951 in. ........................................ Ans.
J π d14 32
(b) Power shaft: N power = ( 96 16 ) N motor = 6 ( 360 ) = 2160 rpm
2π NT 2π ( 2160 ) T
Power = T ω = = = (100 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T2 = 243.15339 lb ⋅ ft = 2917.84 lb ⋅ in. ( = T1 6 )
τ=
( 2.91784 )( d 2 2 ) = 12 ksi d 2 = 1.074 in. ........................................ Ans.
π d 24 32
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-48
(a) Shaft D: N D = ( 48 24 ) N E = 2 ( 400 ) = 800 rpm
2π NT 2π ( 800 ) TD
Power = T ω = = = 40 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s TD = 477.4648 N ⋅ m
60 60
( 477.4648 )( d D 2 ) = 70
τ=
π d 32
4 (10 ) N/m
6 2
d D = 0.0326 m = 32.6 mm ........... Ans.
D
2π NT 2π ( 400 ) TD
(b) Shaft E: Power = T ω = = = 180 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
TE = 4297.1835 N ⋅ m
( 4297.1835 )( d E 2 ) = 70
τ=
π d 32
4 (10 ) N/m
6 2
d E = 0.0679 m = 67.9 mm ............ Ans.
E
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-49*
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AB + θ BC = 0 θ = TL JG
( −TA )( 2 ) + ( 3.5 ×12 ) − TA ( 3) = 0
JG JG
TA = 25.200 kip ⋅ in. = −TAB
TBC = ( 3.5 × 12 ) − TA = 16.800 kip ⋅ in.
TAB c ( 25.200 )(1)
(a) τ max = = = 16.04 ksi ................... Ans.
π ( 2 ) 32
4
J
(b) θ = θ AB =
TL
=
( −25.200 )( 2 ×12 ) = −0.0321 rad ................................................. Ans.
JG π ( 2 )4 32 (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-50*
J S = π d 4 32 = π (1254 − 1004 ) 32 = 14.15097 (106 ) mm 4
Deformations: θS = θM θ = TL JG
TS L TM L
=
(14.15097 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 68.10875 ×10−6 )( 65 ×109 )
−6 9
TM = 3.91057TS (b)
TS = 2.03642 kN ⋅ m TM = 7.96358 kN ⋅ m
Tc ( 2036.42 )( 0.0625 )
τS = = = 8.99 (106 ) N/m 2 = 8.99 MPa ................................ Ans.
(14.15097 ×10 )
(a) −6
J
θ = θS =
TL
=
( 2036.42 )( 2 ) = 0.00360 rad ........................................ Ans.
JG (14.15097 × 10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
(b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-51
Tc T (1.5 )
(a) τ= = ≤ 15 ksi T ≤ 79.5 kip ⋅ in. ..................................................... Ans.
J π ( 3)4 32
(b) θS = θ A θ = TL JG
TS L TA L
= TS = 3.40127TA
32 (11, 600 ) π ( 3.5 − 3 ) 32 ( 4000 )
( )
π 3 4 4 4
Tc T (1.5 )
Guess that τS = = S 4 = τ max = 15 ksi
J π ( 3) 32
Then TS = 79.52156 kip ⋅ in. TA = 23.37998 kip ⋅ in.
τA =
( 23.37998 )(1.75 ) = 6.03 ksi ≤ 12 ksi = τ (correct guess)
π ( 3.54 − 34 ) 32
and max
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-52*
J B = π d 4 32 = π ( 804 − 604 ) 32 = 2.74889 (106 ) mm 4
J A = π ( 60 ) 32 = 1.272345 (106 ) mm 4
4
TB L TA L
=
( 2.74889 ×10 )( 45 ×10 ) (1.272345 ×10−6 )( 28 ×109 )
−6 9
TB = 3.47222TA
TB ( 0.040 )
= 150 (106 ) N/m 2
Tc
τB = =
J ( 2.74889 ×10 )
(a) −6
TB = 10,308.35 N ⋅ m TA = 2968.807 N ⋅ m
Tmax = TB + TA = 13.28 kN ⋅ m ...................................................................................... Ans.
Tc ( 2968.807 )( 0.030 )
τA = = = 70.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 70.0 MPa ............................... Ans.
(1.272345 ×10 )
(b) −6
J
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-53
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AB + θ BC = 0 θ = TL JG
( −TA )( 5 ×12 ) + (T − TA )(8 ×12 ) = 0
J (11, 600 ) J ( 6500 )
T = 1.35022TA
Tc (T − TA )(1.5 )
Guess that τB = = = τ max = 6 ksi
π ( 3) 32
4
J
Then T − TA = 31.80863 kip ⋅ in.
TA = 90.82586 kip ⋅ in. = −TS
and τS =
( 90.82586 )(1.5) = 17.13 ksi ≤ 18 ksi = τ (correct guess)
π ( 3) 32
4 max
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-54*
J B = π d 4 32 = π ( 40 ) 32 = 0.251327 (106 ) mm 4
4
Deformations: θ A = θS = θB θ = TL JG
TA L TS L TB L
= =
( 5.79624 ×10 )( 28 ×10 ) ( 3.76991×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 0.251327 ×10−6 )( 39 ×109 )
−6 9 −6 9
TA = 16.5577TB (b)
TS = 30.7693TB (c)
θ = θB =
TL
=
( 206.924 )( 3) = 0.0633 rad .......................................... Ans.
JG ( 0.251327 × 10−6 )( 39 × 109 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-55*
Equilibrium: TS + TP = T = 1000 lb ⋅ in. (a)
Deformations: θ AB , P = θ AB , S θ = TL JG
TP (12 ) TS (12 )
(a) =
π ( 2 )4 32 (150 ) π ( 2.254 − 24 ) 32 (12, 000 )
TS = 48.1445TP (b)
(b) θ=
(1000 )( 4 ) = 0.01698 rad .................................................................... Ans.
π ( 2 ) 32 (150 ×103 )
4
0.01801 − 0.01698
(c) %error = (100 ) = 5.75% ................................................................. Ans.
0.01801
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-56
J S = π (1004 − 504 ) 32 = 9.20388 (106 ) mm 4
TS ( 0.05 )
= τ max = 70 (106 ) N/m 2
Tc
τS = =
J ( 9.20388 × 10 )
Guess that −6
θ = θS =
TL
=
(12,885.4 )( 2.5) = 0.0437 rad ............................................ Ans.
JG ( 9.20388 × 10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
(b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-57*
Equilibrium: T = TS + TA = 1.5TA TS = 0.5TA
Deformations: θ A = θS θ = TL JG
TA L
=
( 0.5TA ) L J S = 0.26180 in.4
π ( 2 ) 32 ( 4000 ) J S (12, 000 )
4
π ( d 4 − 24 )
JS = = 0.26180 in.4 d = 2.07858 in. = 2 (1 + t )
32
t = 0.0393 in. .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-58
TB = TS
θB = θS θ = TL JG
TB L TS L
= J B = 1.77778 J S
J B ( 45 ×10 ) J S ( 80 ×109 )
9
π (1004 − d 4 ) πd4
JB = = (1.77778 ) = 1.77778 J S
32 32
d = 77.5 mm .......................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-59
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AB + θ BC = 0 θ = TL JG
( −TA )( 5 ×12 ) + ( 25 ×12 ) − TA (10 ×12 ) = 0
π ( 4 )4 32 G π ( 44 − 24 ) 32 G
TA = 204.255 kip ⋅ in. = −TAB
TBC = ( 25 ×12 ) − TA = 95.7447 kip ⋅ in.
Tc ( 204.255 )( 2 )
(a) τ AB = = = 16.25 ksi
π ( 4 ) 32
4
J
τ BC =
( 95.7447 )( 2 ) = 8.13 ksi τ max = τ AB = 16.25 ksi
π ( 44 − 24 ) 32
............................ Ans.
(b) θ = θ AB =
TL
=
( −204.255)( 5 ×12 ) = −0.0406 rad ................................................ Ans.
JG π ( 4 )4 32 (12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-60*
J B = π d 4 32 = π ( 75 ) 32 = 3.10631(106 ) mm 4
4
J M = π ( 60 ) 32 = 1.272345 (106 ) mm 4
4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-61
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 6 ) 32 = 127.2345 in 4
4
TL T ( 6 × 12 )
(a) θ= = = 0.0018 rad
GJ (127.2345 )(12, 000 )
T = 38.17035 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 3.18 kip ⋅ ft ...............................................Ans.
TL Tb ( 9 ×12 )
(b) θ= = = 0.0018 rad
GJ (127.2345 )(12, 000 )
Tb = 25.44690 kip ⋅ in.
Tc ( 25.44690 )( 3)
τ= = = 0.600 ksi
J (127.2345)
τ = 600 psi ..................................................................... Ans.
−0.0018 +
( −TA )( 3 ×12 ) + (T − TA )( 6 ×12 ) = 0
(127.2345)(12, 000 ) (127.2345)(12, 000 )
Guess that
Tc
τ AB = =
(TA )( 3) = τ = 10 ksi
J (127.2345 )
max
and τ BC =
( 250.2279 )( 3) = 5.90 ksi ≤ 10 ksi = τ (correct guess)
(127.2345) max
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-62*
4 ΣM = 0 : TA − 4 ( 0.075V ) = 0
TA = 0.300V = 0.300 (τ A )
= 0.300 ( 60 ×106 )(150 ×10−6 ) = 2700 N ⋅ m
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AB + θ BC + θCD = 0 θ = TL JG
( −2700 )( 0.3) +
( −2700 )( 0.6 ) +
(T − 2700 )( 0.3) =0
π ( 0.075 )4 32 ( 28 ×109 ) π ( 0.075 )4 32 ( 80 ×109 ) π ( 0.075 )4 32 ( 80 ×109 )
(a) T = 15,814.3 N ⋅ m ≅ 15.81 kN ⋅ m .................................. Ans.
(b) TCD = 15,814.3 − 2700 = 13,114.3 N ⋅ m
Tmax ( steel ) = TCD = 13,114.3 N ⋅ m
Tc (13,114.3)( 0.0375 )
τ max = τ CD = =
J π ( 0.075 )4 32
τ max = 158.3 (106 ) N/m 2 = 158.3 MPa ........................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-63*
The torque of the shear force VC is TC = VC (1) = VC and the
torque of the shear force VD is TD = VD (1) = VD .
Equilibrium: Torque diagrams
Deformations: θCD ,h = θCD , s θ = TL JG
(1000 − VC ) L =
(VC ) L
π ( 24 − 14 ) 32 (12 ×106 ) π (1)4 32 (12 ×106 )
Therefore VC = 62.500 lb
and VD = 1000 − VC = 1000 − 62.5 = 937.500 lb
VC = τ A = ( 25, 000 ) (π dC2 4 ) = 62.500 lb
dC = 0.0564 in. ...................................................... Ans.
VD = τ A = ( 25, 000 ) (π d D2 4 ) = 937.500 lb
d D = 0.219 in. ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-64
J S = π d 4 32 = π ( 80 ) 32 = 4.02124 (106 ) mm 4
4
Deformations: θ AB , S = θ AB , B θ = TL JG
TS (1.5 ) TB (1.5 )
=
( 4.02124 ×10 )(86 ×10 ) (16.33628 ×10 )( 39 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
TB = 1.84230TS (b)
TB = 17.50065 kN ⋅ m TS = 9.49935 kN ⋅ m
Tc ( 9, 499.35 )( 0.040 )
τS = = = 94.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 94.5 MPa ................................ Ans.
( 4.02124 ×10 )
(a) −6
J
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-65
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AB + θ BC + θCD = 0 θ = TL JG
TA ( 24 ) T ( 24 ) (T − T )( 24 ) = 0
+ A + A
J ( 6000 ) J (12, 000 ) J (12, 000 )
Tc (TA − T )( 2 )
Guess that τ CD = = = τ max = −12 ksi
π ( 4 ) 32
4
J
Then TA − T = −150.79645 kip ⋅ in. = TCD
TA = 50.26548 kip ⋅ in. = TAB = TBC
τ AB =
( 50.26548)( 2 ) = 4.00 ksi ≤ 5 ksi = τ (okay)
π ( 4 ) 32
4 max
and τ BC =
( 50.26548 )( 2 ) = 4.00 ksi ≤ 12 ksi = τ (okay)
π ( 4 ) 32
4 max
Therefore Tmax = 50.26548 + 150.79645 = 201.062 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 201 kip ⋅ in. .......................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-66*
J = π d 4 32 = π (100 ) 32 = 9.81748 (106 ) mm 4
4
θ=
TL
=
( −22,857.14 )( 2 ) = −0.0582 rad ................................................... Ans.
JG ( 9.81748 ×10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
(c)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-67
J AB = π d 4 32 = π ( 64 − 44 ) 32 = 102.1018 in 4
J BC = π ( 4 ) 32 = 25.1327 in 4
4
Initially θi =
TL
=
( 40 ×12 )( 6 ×12 ) = 0.02821 rad
GJ (102.1018 )(12, 000 )
After the torque is removed TAB = TCD , and
Deformations: θ B / A + θC / D + θ slip = θi θ = TL JG
TAB ( 6 × 12 ) TBC ( 4 × 12 )
+ + 0.010 = 0.02821 rad
(102.1018)(12, 000 ) ( 25.1327 )( 4000 )
TAB = TCD = 33.9540 kip ⋅ in.
Tc ( 33.9540 )( 2 )
(a) τA = = = 2.70 ksi .................................................................................. Ans.
J ( 25.1327 )
(b)
( 33.9540 )( 3) = 0.998 ksi .......................................................................................... Ans.
τS =
(102.1018)
TL ( −33.9540 )( 6 × 12 )
(c) θ= = = −0.001995 rad ......................................................... Ans.
GJ (102.1018 )(12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-68
J S = π d 4 32 = π ( 80 ) 32 = 4.02124 (106 ) mm 4
4
θi =
TL
=
(10, 000 )( 0.800 ) = 0.02487 rad
GJ ( 4.02124 × 10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
Initially
TS = TB = 7680.1087 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 7680.1087 )( 0.080 )
τB = = = 23.1(106 ) N/m 2 = 23.1 MPa ............................. Ans.
( 26.62500 ×10 )
(a) −6
J
θ=
TL
=
( −7680.1087 )( 0.800 ) = −0.01910 rad ................................................ Ans.
GJ ( 4.02124 × 10−6 )( 80 × 109 )
(c)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-69
J = π d 4 32 = π ( ro4 − ri 4 ) 2 = π ro4 1 − ( ri ro ) 2 = 8π 1 − ( ri ro ) in.4
4 4
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AC + θCB = 0 θ = TL JG
( −TA )( 3 ×12 ) + ( 7.5 − TA )( 2 ×12 ) = 0
J ( 4000 ) J ( 4000 )
TA = 3.000 kip ⋅ ft = TAC
TCB = 7.5 − TA = 4.500 kip ⋅ ft
(a) θ=
TL
=
( −3 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) rad
JG 8π 1 − ( ri ro )4 ( 4000 )
(b) τ=
Tc
=
( 4.5 ×12 )( 2 ) ksi
J 8π 1 − ( ri ro )4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-70
Equilibrium: Torque diagram
Deformations: θ AC + θCB = 0 θ = TL JG
( −TA )( 2 ) +
(T − TA )( 2 ) =0
J s ( 80 ×10 9
) J b ( 40 × 109 )
TA 1 + ( J b 2 J s ) = T
J s = π d s4 32 J b = π db4 32
db + d s = 200 mm
In terms of the diameter ratio r = ( db d s )
d s = 200 (1 + r ) db = rd s = 200r (1 + r )
Method of solution:
Ts ( d s 2 )
Guess τs = = τ s ( max )
Js
Compute TA = −Ts , T − TA = Tb , T , τ b , and θ AC
Check τ b ≤ τ b ( max ) and θ AC ≤ θ max
Tb ( db 2 )
Guess τb = = τ b ( max )
Jb
Compute T − TA = Tb , Ts = −TA , T , τ s , and θ AC
Check τ s ≤ τ s ( max ) and θ AC ≤ θ max
Guess θ AC = θ max
Compute TA = −Ts , T − TA = Tb , T , τ b , and τ s
Check τ b ≤ τ b ( max ) and τ s ≤ τ s ( max )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-71
πd4 π ( 44 − d a4 ) π d a4
JS = = in.4 J Al = in.4
32 32 32
Equilibrium: TSt + TAl = 6.00 kip ⋅ ft = 72.00 kip ⋅ in. (a)
Deformations: θ ST = θ Al θ = TL JG
TSt L TAl L 3 J StTAl
= TSt = (b)
J St (12, 000 ) J Al ( 4000 ) J Al
72 J Al 36d a4
TAl = = kip ⋅ in.
J Al + 3J St 384 − d a4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-72
π (120 )
4
πd4
J= = = 20.3575 (106 ) mm 4
32 32
π (18 )
2
πd2
Ab = = = 254.4690 mm 2
4 4
Equilibrium: TA + TC = T (a)
θ AB =
( −TA )( 0.75)
( 20.3575 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) −6 9
θ BC =
(T − TA )(1.50 )
( 20.3575 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) −6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-72 (cont.)
TA = ( 0.666667T − 12, 633.09 ) N = −TAB
TBC = T − TA = ( 0.333333T + 12, 633.09 ) N
Tc (TA )( 0.060 ) = 2947.32T N/m 2
τ AB = = ( A)
J ( 20.3575 × 10−6 )
(a)
Tc (T − TA )( 0.060 )
τ BC = = = 2947.32 (T − TA ) N/m 2
J ( 20.3575 ×10 )−6
τb =
(TA ) =
( 0.666667T − 12, 633.09 )
( 305.3628 ×10 ) ( 305.3628 ×10 )
(b) −6 −6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-73
Assume that the steel shaft extends all the way through the aluminum shell and attaches to the wall at D.
πd4 π ( 34 − 24 ) π ( 24 )
Ja = = = 6.38136 in. 4
Ja = = 1.57080 in.4
32 32 32
Equilibrium: Ts + Ta = T (a)
(c) θ=
( 0.424779T )(12 ) + (T )(18) = 0.00122535T rad
(1.57080 )(12, 000 ) (1.57080 )(12, 000 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-74
π (120 )
4
πd4
Js = = = 20.35752 (106 ) mm 4 θ = TL JG
32 32
π (1204 − 604 )
Ja = = 19.08518 (106 ) mm 4
32
π ( 60 )
4
Jb = = 1.272345 (106 ) mm 4
32
Equilibrium: Ts = −TC (a)
TD − TC = Ta + Tb (b)
θCD =
( −TC )( 2 )
( 20.35752 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) −6 9
θ EF ,a =
(Ta )(1.40 )
(19.08518 ×10 )( 28 ×10 )−6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-74 (cont.)
θ EF ,b =
(Tb )(1.40 ) = 24.45179 (10−6 ) (Tb ) rad
(1.272345 ×10 )( 45 ×10 )
−6 9
Ta = 9.33335Tb
3π
−1.22805 (10−6 ) TC + + 2.61983 (10−6 ) (Ta ) = 0 (c)
180
TC = [ 42, 636.60 + 2.13333Ta ] N = [ 42, 636.60 + 19.91107Tb ] N
TD = ( 42, 636.60 + 19.91107Tb ) + ( 9.33335Tb ) + Tb (b)
τa =
(Ta )( 0.060 ) τb =
(Tb )( 0.030 ) τs =
(Ts )( 0.030 )
(19.08518 ×10 ) −6
(1.272345 ×10 ) −6
( 20.35752 ×10 ) −6
θ D = θCD =
(Ts )( 2 )
( 20.35752 ×10 )(80 ×10 )
−6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-75*
N 50
σx = = = 3.97887 ksi σ y = 0 ksi
A π ( 4 )2 4
τ xy =
Tc
=
( 30 )( 2 ) = 2.38732 ksi
J π ( 4 )4 32
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 2.38732 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 25.10°, − 64.90°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 3.97887 ) − ( 0 )
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy
2
2 2
2
3.97887 3.97887
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 2.38732 ) = 1.98944 ± 3.10760 ksi
2
2 2
σ p1 = 1.98944 + 3.10760 = 5.10 ksi (T) 25.10° ...................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 1.98944 − 3.10760 = −1.118 ksi = 1.118 ksi (C) 64.90° ........................... Ans.
σ p 3 = σ z = 0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p = 3.10760 ksi ≅ 3.11 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-76*
1500 (103 )
= 27.2837 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 27.3 MPa ................... Ans.
N
σx = =
A π ( 0.400 − 0.300 ) 4
2 2
Tc
τ xy = =
( 350 × 103 ) ( 0.200 )
= 40.7437 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 40.7 MPa ............... Ans.
J π ( 0.400 − 0.300 ) 32
4 4
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 40.7437 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 35.74°, − 54.26°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 27.2837 ) − ( 0 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
2
27.2837 27.2837
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 40.7437 ) = 13.6419 ± 42.9668 MPa
2
2 2
σ p1 = 13.6419 + 42.9668 = 56.6 MPa (T) 35.74° ................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 13.6419 − 42.9668 = −29.3 MPa = 29.3 MPa (C) 54.26° ........................ Ans.
σ p 3 = σ z = 0 Mpa ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-77
N 2800
σx = = = 891.268 psi σ y = 0 psi
A π ( 2 )2 4
2π NT 2π (1500 ) T
Power = T ω = = = ( 360 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 1260.50715 lb ⋅ ft = 15,126.09 lb ⋅ in.
Tc (15,126.09 )(1)
τ xy = = = 9629.565 psi
π ( 2 ) 32
4
J
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 9629.565 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 43.68°, − 46.32°
2 σ x −σ y 2 (891.268 ) − ( 0 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
2
0.891268 0.891268
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 9.629565 ) = 0.44563 ± 9.63987 ksi
2
2 2
σ p1 = 0.44563 + 9.63987 = 10.08 ksi (T) 43.68° .................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 0.44563 − 9.63987 = −9.19 ksi = 9.19 ksi (C) 46.32° ............................... Ans.
σ p 3 = σ z = 0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p = 9.63987 ksi ≅ 9.64 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-78*
125 (10 ) 3
= 44.20971(106 ) N/m 2
N
σx = = σ y = 0 N/m 2
A π ( 0.060 ) 4
2
Tc T ( 0.030 )
τ xy = = = 23,578.51T N/m 2
J π ( 0.060 )4 32
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1 = + + τ xy
2
2 2
2
44.20971
+ ( 23.57851T × 10 ) ≤ 100 MPa
44.20971 −3 2
σ p1 = +
2 2
T ≤ 3167.83 N ⋅ m Tmax = 3.17 kN ⋅ m ........................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-79
Tc (100 )( 2 )
τ xy = = = 7.95775 ksi σ y = 0 ksi
J π ( 4 )4 32
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σx σ
2
σ p1 = + + τ xy = + x + ( 7.95775 ) ≤ 18 ksi
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ x ≤ 14.48190 ksi
π ( 4 )2
Pmax = σ x A = (14.48190 ) = 182.0 kip ............................................................. Ans.
4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-80*
Tc ( 35 × 10 ) ( 0.075 )
3
σ −σ y
2
σx
2
τp = x + τ xy = + ( 52.81586 ) ≤ 60 MPa
2 2
2 2
σ x ≤ 56.93802 MPa
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σx σ
2
2 2 2 2
σ x ≥ −66.94255 MPa
π ( 0.150 )2
Pmax = σ x A = ( 56.93802 × 10 ) 6
= 1.006 (106 ) N
4
Pmax = 1006 kN (C) ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-81*
N 175
σx = = = 6.18936 ksi σ y = 0 ksi
A π ( 6 )2 4
Tc (175 )( 3)
τ xy = = = 4.12624 ksi
J π ( 6 )4 32
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 4.12624 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 26.57°, − 63.43°
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 6.18936 ) − ( 0 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
2
6.18936 6.18936
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 4.12624 ) = 3.09468 ± 5.15780 ksi
2
2 2
σ p1 = 3.09468 + 5.15780 = 8.25 ksi (T) 26.57° ...................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 3.09468 − 5.15780 = −2.06 ksi = 2.06 ksi (C) 63.43° ............................... Ans.
σ p 3 = σ z = 0 ksi ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p = 5.15780 ksi ≅ 5.16 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-82
πd2 π (100 )
2
π (1602 − 1002 )
AAB = = = 7853.98 mm 2 ABC = = 12, 252.21 mm 2
4 4 4
π (100 )
4
π (160 − 1004 )
4
J AB = = 9.81748 (10 6
) mm 4
J BC = = 54.5223 (106 ) mm 4
32 32
P P
σ AB = = = 127.324 P
AAB 7853.98 (10−6 )
P P
σ BC = = = 81.6180 P
ABC 12, 252.21(10−6 )
Since both σ AB and τ AB are larger than σ BC and τ BC , the maximum stresses will occur in section AB,
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σx σ
2
2 2 2 2
σ x ≤ 121.473 MPa
σ −σ y
2
σx
2
τp = x + τ xy = + ( 50.9296 ) ≤ 80 MPa
2 2
2 2
σ x ≤ 123.389 MPa
Pmax = σ x A = (121.473 ×106 )( 7853.98 × 10−6 ) = 954 (103 ) N
Pmax = 954 kN (C) ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-83*
π ( 4) π ( 6)
2 2
πd2
A4 = = = 12.5664 in.2 A6 = = 28.2743 in.2
4 4 4
π ( 4) π (6)
4 4
πd4
J4 = = = 25.1327 in. 4
J6 = = 127.2345 in.4
32 32 32
P 125 Tc T ( 2)
σ4 = = = 9.94716 ksi τ4 = = = 0.0795776T
A4 12.5664 J ( 25.1327 )
σ6 =
P
=
125
= 4.42098 ksi τ6 =
Tc
=
( 3T )( 3) = 0.0707355T
A6 28.2743 J (127.2345 )
Since both σ4 and τ 4 are larger than σ6 and τ 6 ,
the maximum stresses will occur in the 4-in. section
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2 2
9.94716 9.94716
σ p1 = + + τ xy =
2
+ + τ xy ≤ 15 ksi
2
2 2 2 2
τ xy ≤ 8.70589 ksi
σ −σ y
2 2
9.94716
τp = x + τ xy =
2
+ τ xy ≤ 10 ksi
2
2 2
τ xy ≤ 8.67545 ksi
Tc (T )( 2 )
τ xy = = = 8.67545 ksi
J 25.1327
Tmax = 109.0 kip ⋅ in. ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-84
N ( −200 ) (10 ) 3
−339,530.545
σx = = = N/m 2 σ y = 0 N/m 2
A π d − ( 0.5d ) 4
2 2
d 2
τ xy =
Tc
=
( 7500 )( 0.5d ) = 40, 743.665 N/m 2
J π d 4 − ( 0.5d )4 32 d3
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p2 = − + τ xy
2
2 2
−169, 765.273 −169, 765.273 40, 743.665
2 2
2 2 3
d d d
Simplifying yields
10 (106 ) d 6 − 33.9531(103 ) d 4 − 1.66005 = 0
from which d = 0.0830 m = 83.0 mm ...................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-85
N 20 25.46479
σx = = = ksi σ y = 0 ksi
A πd 4
2
d2
2π NT 2π (1800 ) T
Power = T ω = = = ( 240 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 700.28175 lb ⋅ ft = 8403.3810 lb ⋅ in.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-86*
210 (103 )
1084 + ( 0.30 )( −754 ) (10−6 ) = 197.9539 MPa
E
2 [ a b]
σ 45 = ε + νε = 2
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
210 (103 )
−754 ) + ( 0.30 )(1084 ) (10−6 ) = −98.9539 MPa
E
2 [ b
σ −45 = ε + νε a ] = 2 (
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ 45 = σ x cos 2 ( 45° ) + σ y sin 2 ( 45° ) + 2τ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° )
σ −45 = σ x cos 2 ( −45° ) + σ y sin 2 ( −45° ) + 2τ xy sin ( −45° ) cos ( −45° )
For a shaft subjected to an axial load P and a torque T : σ y = 0 N/m 2
Therefore 0.50σ x + τ xy = 197.9539 MPa
0.50σ x − τ xy = −98.9539 MPa
Solving yields σ x = 99.0000 MPa τ xy = 148.4539 MPa
π ( 0.025 )
2
P = σ x A = ( 99 × 10 6
) = 48.6 (103 ) N = 48.6 kN ...................................... Ans.
4
T=
τ xy J
=
(148.4539 ×10 ) π ( 0.025)
6 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-87*
ε n = ε x cos 2 θ + ε y sin 2 θ + γ xy sin θ cos θ
= ( 36 ) cos 2 ( 45° ) + (150 ) sin 2 ( 45° ) + γ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° ) = 310
γ xy = 434.00 µ rad
T=
τ xy J
=
( 5007.69 )( 2492.075 )
c (10.375 )
T = 1.20285 (106 ) lb ⋅ in. = 100.2 kip ⋅ ft ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-88
200 (103 )
1414 + ( 0.30 )( −212 ) (10−6 ) = 296.7912 MPa
E
2 [ a b]
σ 45 = ε + νε = 2
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
200 (103 )
−212 ) + ( 0.30 )(1414 ) (10−6 ) = 46.6374 MPa
E
2 [ b
σ −45 = ε + νε a ] = 2 (
1 −ν 1 − ( 0.30 )
σ 45 = σ x cos 2 ( 45° ) + σ y sin 2 ( 45° ) + 2τ xy sin ( 45° ) cos ( 45° )
σ −45 = σ x cos 2 ( −45° ) + σ y sin 2 ( −45° ) + 2τ xy sin ( −45° ) cos ( −45° )
For a shaft subjected to an axial load P and a torque T : σ y = 0 N/m 2
Therefore 0.50σ x + τ xy = 296.7912 MPa
0.50σ x − τ xy = 46.6374 MPa
Solving yields σ x = 343.4286 MPa τ xy = 125.0769 MPa
π ( 0.050 )
2
P = σ x A = ( 343.4286 × 10 6
) = 674 (103 ) N = 674 kN ........................... Ans.
4
T=
τ xy J
=
(125.0769 ×10 ) π ( 0.050 )
6 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-89
pr ( 360 )( 24 )
σx = = = 14, 400 psi = 14.400 ksi
t ( 0.6 )
pr P 14.400 28.000
σy = − = − = 5.97741 ksi
2t A 2 π ( 24.62 − 242 ) 4
−Tc − ( 550 ×12 )( 24.6 )
τ xy = = = −48.01566 ksi
J π ( 24.64 − 244 ) 32
(a) θ = − tan −1 ( 4 3) = −53.130°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ + σ y sin 2 θ + 2τ xy sin θ cos θ
= (14.4 ) cos 2 ( −53.130° ) + ( 5.97741) sin 2 ( −53.130° )
+ 2 ( −48.01566 ) sin ( −53.130° ) cos ( −53.130° )
σ n = +55.1 ksi = 55.1 ksi (T) ............................................................................................. Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − (14.4 ) − ( 5.97741) sin ( −53.130° ) cos ( −53.130° )
+ ( −48.01566 ) cos 2 ( −53.130° ) − sin 2 ( −53.130° )
τ nt = 17.49 ksi ........................................................................................................................ Ans.
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( −48.01566 )
(b) θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = −42.494°, + 47.506°
2 σ x −σ y 2 (14.4 ) − ( 5.97741)
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
= + ( −48.01566 )
2
2 2
σ p1 = (10.18871) + ( 48.19999 ) = 58.3887 ksi
σ p1 ≅ 58.4 ksi (T) 42.494° .................................................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = (10.18871) − ( 48.19999 ) = −38.0113 ksi
σ p 2 ≅ 38.0 ksi (C) 47.506° ................................................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = − p = − ( 0.360 ) ksi = 0.360 ksi (C) ............................................................... Ans.
τ max =
σ max − σ min
=
( 58.3887 ) − ( −38.0113) = 48.2 ksi .................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-90
π ( 0.120 )
2
π π d s2
A=
4
( do2 − di2 ) = 4
=
4
di = d o2 − ( 0.120 )
2
J = π d 32 = π ( d − d
4 4
o i
4
) 32
250 (103 )
= 22.10485 (106 ) N/m 2
P
σx = =
A π ( 0.120 ) 4
2
τ xy = = = N/m 2
J π ( d o − di ) 32
4 4
( d o − di )
4 4
σx σ σ
2 2
+ x + (τ xy ) τ max = x + (τ xy )
2 2
σ p1 =
2 2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-91
2π NT 2π (1500 ) T
Power = T ω = = = ( 360 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 1260.50715 lb ⋅ ft = 15,126.09 lb ⋅ in.
P 2800 3565.071
σx = = = psi
A πd2 4 d2
−Tc − (15,126.09 )( d 2 ) −77, 036.54
τ xy = = = psi
J π d 4 32 d3
σx σ σ
2 2
+ x + (τ xy ) τ max = x + (τ xy )
2 2
σ p1 =
2 2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-92*
r d = 12 100 = 0.12
D d = 135 100 = 1.35
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b K t ≅ 1.6
J = π d 4 32 = π (100 ) 4 32 = 9.81748 (106 ) mm 4
τ max = K t
Tc
= (1.6 )
(10, 000 )( 0.050 )
J ( 9.81748 ×10−6 )
τ max = 81.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 81.5 MPa .......................................................................... Ans.
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-93*
r d = 0.15 3 = 0.05
D d = 4 3 = 1.3333
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b K t ≅ 2.0
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 3) 32 = 7.95216 in.4
4
τ max = K t
Tc
= ( 2)
( 4 ×12 )(1.5) = 18.11 ksi ................................................................... Ans.
J ( 7.95216 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-94
( 614 )( 0.025) = 40 106 N/m 2
τ = Kt
Tc
J
= Kt
π ( 0.050 )4 32
( )
K t = 1.60 r d = 4.5 50 = 0.09
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b D d ≅ 1.2
D = 1.2d = 1.2 ( 50 ) = 60 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-95
r d = 0.125 6 = 0.021 D d = 8 6 = 1.3333
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b K t ≅ 2.6
Tc T ( 3)
τ max = Kt = ( 2.6 ) = 12 ksi
π ( 6 ) 32
4
J
T = 195.7 kip ⋅ in. ............................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-96*
h r = 5 5 =1 r d = 5 100 = 0.05
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25a K t ≅ 1.85
T ( 0.050 )
= 60 (106 ) N/m 2
Tc
τ max = K t = (1.85 )
π ( 0.100 ) 32
4
J
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-97
K t = τ max τ nom = 12 8 = 1.50 D d = 5 4 = 1.25
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25b r d ≅ 0.125
r = 0.125d = 0.125 ( 4 ) = 0.50 in. ...................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-98*
( 3270 )( d 2 ) = 60 106 N/m 2
τ max = K t
Tc
J
= Kt
π d 4 32
( )
d 3 = 277.56622 (10−6 ) K t (a)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-99
h r = 0.5 0.25 = 2 r d = 0.25 1 = 0.25
Therefore, from Fig. 6-25a K t ≅ 1.65
τ max = K t
Tc
= (1.65 )
( 500 )( 0.5 ) = 4201.69 psi = σ y
π (1) 32
4
J 3
σ y = 12, 605.1 ksi ≅ 12.61 ksi ..................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-100*
T ( 0.050 )
= 120 (106 ) N/m 2
Tc
(a) τ= =
J π ( 0.100 ) 32
4
0.0503
= 240π (106 ) = 31.4159 (10 ) N ⋅ m
3
3
= 31.4159 kN ⋅ m
31.4159 − 23.5619
% Inc = (100 ) = 33.3% .................................................................... Ans.
23.5619
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-101*
τ yρ 24 ρ
Elastic zone 0 ≤ ρ ≤ ry τρ = = ksi
ry ry
Plastic zone ry ≤ ρ ≤ c τ ρ = τ y = 24 ksi
0 1.5 1.5
48π 1.5
4
2 − 1.5
3 3
= + ( 48π )
1.5 4 3
T = 360 kip ⋅ in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) ry = 1.0 in.
24 ρ
T = ∫ ρ (τ dA ) = ∫ ρ ( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫ ρ ( 24 )( 2πρ ) d ρ
1 2
0 1 1
48π 14 23 − 13
= + ( 48π )
1 4 3
T = 390 kip ⋅ in. ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-102
τ yρ 140 (106 ) ρ
Elastic zone 0 ≤ ρ ≤ ry τρ = = N/m 2
ry ry
Plastic zone ry ≤ ρ ≤ c τ ρ = τ y = 140 (106 ) N/m 2
(a) ry = 40 mm
140 (106 ) ρ
T = ∫ ρ (τ dA ) = ∫ ( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫0.040 ρ 140 (106 ) ( 2πρ ) d ρ
0.040 0.050
ρ
0.025 0.040
280 (10 ) π 0.040 − 0.0254
6 4
0.0503 − 0.0403
=
0.040 + 280 ( )
10 6
π
4 3
T = 29.8 (103 ) N ⋅ m = 29.8 kN ⋅ m ................................................................................... Ans.
(b) ry = 25 mm
0.025
0.0503 − 0.0253
= 280 (106 ) π
3
T = 32.1(103 ) N ⋅ m = 32.1 kN ⋅ m .................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-103*
c c τ y 1.50 24
γc = γ = = = 0.004 = 4000 µ rad .......................................... Ans.
r G 0.75 12, 000
(a)
r
(b) Elastic zone 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 0.75 in. τ ρ = τ y ρ ry = 24 ρ 0.75 = 32.00 ρ ksi
Plastic zone 0.75 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 1.5 in. τ ρ = τ y = 24 ksi
T = ∫ ρ (τ dA ) = ∫ ρ ( 32 ρ )( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫ ρ ( 24 )( 2πρ ) d ρ
0.75 1.50
0 0.75
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-104
(a) θ = 8° = 0.13963 rad γ = rθ L
cθ 0.050 ( 0.13963)
γ max = = = 0.002327 ≅ 2330 µ rad ....................................... Ans.
L 3
τy 140
(b) γy = = = 0.00175 rad
G 80, 000
γ r L 0.00175 ( 3)
ry = = = 0.03760 m
θ 0.13963
τ yρ 140 ρ
Elastic zone 0.025 m ≤ ρ ≤ 0.03760 m τρ = = = 3723.40 ρ MPa
ry 0.03760
Plastic zone 0.03760 m ≤ ρ ≤ 0.050 m τ ρ = τ y = 140 MPa
0.025 0.0376
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-105
(a) θ = 5° = 0.0872665 rad γ = rθ L
cθ 2 ( 0.0872665 )
γ max = = = 0.0029089 ≅ 2910 µ rad ........................................ Ans.
L ( 5 ×12 )
τy 18 γ r L 0.001500 ( 5 × 12 )
(b) γy = = = 0.00150 rad ry = = = 1.03132 in.
G 12, 000 θ 0.0872665
τ yρ 18 ρ
Elastic zone 0 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 1.03132 in. τρ = = = 17.45330 ρ ksi
ry 1.03132
Plastic zone 1.03132 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 2.0 in. τ ρ = τ y = 18 ksi
0 1.03132
τρ =
ρτ y
=
( 0.50 )(18) = 8.73 ksi .................................................................................... Ans.
ri 1.03132
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-106*
γ y ro 7.5 ( 25 )
(a) ry = = = 15 mm
γo 12.5
ργ o 0.0125ρ
γρ = = = 0.500 ρ rad
ro 0.025
210 (106 )
G1 = = 28.00 (109 ) N/m 2
0.0075
0 ≤ γ ≤ 0.0075 rad
( 230 − 210 ) (106 )
G2 = = 4.00 (109 ) N/m 2 0.0075 rad ≤ γ ≤ 0.0125 rad
0.0125 − 0.0075
τ ρ 1 = G1γ ρ = 28 (109 ) ( 0.5ρ ) = 14.00 (109 ) ρ N/m 2 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 15 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-107*
roγ i ( 2.00 )( 0.0075 )
(a) γo = = = 0.0120 rad < 0.0125 rad
ri (1.25)
ργ 0.0075ρ
γρ = i = = 0.00600 ρ rad
ri 1.25
33 − 30
G2 = = 600 ksi
0.0125 − 0.0075
0.0075 rad ≤ γ ≤ 0.0125 rad
τ ρ = 25.5 + G2γ ρ = [ 25.5 + 3.600 ρ ] ksi 1.25 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 2.0 in.
1.25
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-108
θρ 0.300 ρ
γ= = = 0.150 ρ rad
L 2
γ y ρ ( 0.0035 ) ρ
ry = = = 0.023333 m = 23.333 mm
γρ ( 0.150 ρ )
τ = 2910γ 0.74 = 2910 ( 0.150 ρ ) = 714.826 ρ 0.74 MPa 0 ≤ ρ ≤ 23.333 mm
0.74
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-109
T = ∫ ρ (τ dA ) = ∫ ρ kγ 1 2 ( 2πρ ) d ρ
R
(a) γ = ρθ L
0
ρθ 4π k 7 2
12
( 2πρ ) d ρ = 2π k θ L ∫0 ρ 5 2 d ρ =
R R
T =∫ ρk R θ L
0
L 7
49 LT 2
Solving for θ yields θ= ............................................................................................ Ans.
16π 2 k 2 R 7
Rθ 49T 2
(b) γ max = =
L 16π 2 k 2 R 6
12
49T 2 7T
τ max = kγ 12
=k 2 2 6
= ................................................................... Ans.
16π k R 4π R 3
max
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-110*
τ b ( max ) = 60 MPa ≤ 84 MPa (all elastic)
J b = π d 4 32 = π ( 80 ) 32 = 4.02124 (106 ) mm 4
4
Tb =
c
=
( 0.040 )
( ) 3
θb = θ B / C
τL
=
( 60 ×106 ) ( 2.5 )
= 0.083333 rad = θ s
=
cG b ( 0.040 ) ( 45 × 10 )
9
cθ ( 0.040 )( 0.083333)
γ s ( max ) = = = 0.002222 rad > 0.0015 rad
L 1.5
Therefore, part of the steel shaft will be in plastic deformation,
and the yield surface location is located using
γ y L ( 0.0015 )(1.5 )
ry = = = 0.02700 m = 27.00 mm
θ 0.083333
τ ρ 120 ρ
Elastic zone 0 m ≤ ρ ≤ 0.027 m τρ = y = = 4444.44 ρ MPa
ry 0.0270
Plastic zone 0.027 m ≤ ρ ≤ 0.040 m τ ρ = τ y = 120 MPa
0 0.027
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-111*
cθ (1)( 0.30 )
γ b ( max ) = = = 0.00500 rad
L 60
τ b ( max ) = Gγ b ( max ) = 5000 ( 0.005 ) = 25.0 ksi ≤ 30 ksi (all elastic)
J b = π d 4 32 = π ( 2 ) 32 = 1.57080 in 4
4
Tb =
τ max J ( 25.0 )(1.57080 ) = 39.2700 kip ⋅ in.
=
c (1)
rθ ( 2 )( 0.30 )
γ s ( min ) = i = = 0.01000 rad
L 60
Therefore, all of the steel shaft will be in plastic deformation, and
τ s = τ y = 18 ksi
T = Tb + Ts = 39.270 + 716.283 = 755.55 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 756 kip ⋅ in. ................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-112
J AB = π d 4 32 = π (160 ) 32 = 64.3398 (106 ) mm 4
4
(a)
0.050
τy 120 (106 )
γy = = = 0.001500 rad < 0.0035315 rad
80 (109 )
For the steel:
Gb
Therefore, the steel is fully plastic in AB as assumed and
Ts ≅ 97.3 kN ⋅ m τ s = τ y = 120 MPa ............................................................... Ans.
(b) Since the steel in AB is elastic and the bronze in BC is elastic:
TAB LAB Tb LBC
θ D / A = θ B / A + θC / B + θ D / C = + +0
J AB Gs J b Gb
=
( 75, 000 )( 2 ) +
( 27, 736.3)(1.5)
( 64.3398 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 9.81748 ×10−6 )( 40 ×109 )
−6 9
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-113
(a) For section AB (steel)
τy 18
γy = = = 0.001500 rad
Gs 12, 000
rABθ B ( 2 )( 0.072 )
γ AB = =
LAB ( 4 ×12 )
= 0.003 rad > 0.001500 rad (steel yields)
γ y LAB ( 0.0015 )( 4 ×12 )
ry = = = 1.00 in.
θB ( 0.072 )
τ yρ 18 ρ
Elastic zone 0 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 1.00 in. τρ = = = 18 ρ ksi
ry 1.00
Plastic zone 1.00 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 2.0 in. τ ρ = τ y = 18 ksi
0 1.0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-114
τ AB = τ b = 50 MPa < τ yb = 60 MPa (elastic)
τ BC = τ s = 50 MPa < τ ys = 120 MPa (elastic)
J = π d 4 32 = π (100 ) 32 = 9.81748 (106 ) mm 4
4
TA = TAB =
τbJ
=
( 50 ×10 )( 9.81748 ×10 )
6 −6
c ( 0.050 )
= 9817.48 N ⋅ m = 9.81748 kN ⋅ m
θ D / A = 0 = θ D / C + θC / B + θ B / A
(T ) L (T ) L
= θ D / C + A BC + A AB
JGs JGb
θD/C +
( 9,817.48)( 0.600 ) +
( 9,817.48)( 0.600 ) =0
( 9.81748 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 9.81748 ×10 )( 40 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
θ D / C = −0.02250 rad
For segment CD:
τ ys 120 (106 )
γ ys = = = 0.001500 rad
Gs 80 (109 )
rθCD ( 50 )( 0.0225 )
γ CD = = = 0.001875 rad > 0.001500 rad (part plastic)
LCD ( 600 )
γ y LCD ( 0.0015 )( 0.600 )
ry = = = 0.0400 m = 40.0 mm
θC ( 0.0225)
τ yρ 120 ρ
Elastic zone 0 in. ≤ ρ ≤ 40 mm τρ = = = 3000 ρ MPa
ry 0.040
Plastic zone 40 mm ≤ ρ ≤ 50 mm τ ρ = τ y = 120 MPa
0 0.040
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-115
J = π d 4 32 = π ( 4 ) 32 = 25.13274 in.4 τ y = Ty c J
4
Ty =
τ max J
=
(18)( 25.13274 ) = 226.1947 kip ⋅ in. = 18.8496 kip ⋅ ft
c ( 2)
For 0 ≤ T ≤ 18.85 kip ⋅ ft
Tc (T × 12 )( 2 )
τ= = = 0.95493T ksi
J ( 25.13274 )
θ=
TL
=
(T ×12 )(10 ×12 )
JG ( 25.13274 )(12, 000 )
= 4.77465 (10−3 ) T rad
For 18.85 kip ⋅ ft ≤ T ≤ 25 kip ⋅ ft
18 ρ
(T ×12 ) = ∫ ρ (τ dA) = ∫0 ρ ( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫r ρ (18 )( 2πρ ) d ρ
r 2.0
r
9π 4
= r + 12π 2.03 − r 3 = 96π − 3π r 3
r
ry = 3 32 − ( 4T π ) τ max = τ y = 18 ksi
θ=
γ yL
=
τ yL
=
(18)(10 ×12 ) = 0.1800
ry Gry (12, 000 ) ry ry
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-116
J = π d 4 32 = π (120 ) 32 = 20.35752 (106 ) mm 4 τ y = Ty c J
4
Ty =
τ max J
=
( 44.3 ×10 )( 20.35752 ×10 ) = 15, 030.636 N ⋅ m
6 −6
c ( 0.060 )
For 0 ≤ T ≤ 15.03 kN ⋅ m
Tc T ( 0.060 )
τ= = = 2947.314T N/m 2
J 20.35752 (10−6 )
TL T ( 3)
θ= =
JG ( 20.35752 × 10−6 )(16.66 × 109 )
= 8.84548 (10−6 ) T rad
θ=
γ yL
= =
( 44.3 ×10 ) ( 3) = 7.97719 (10 )
τ yL
6 −3
r y Gr (16.66 ×10 ) r
y r 9
y y
7.97719 (10 ) −3
7.97719
r = m= mm
y
θ θ
ρθ 0.060θ
0.44 0.44
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-117
J a = π (1) 32 = 0.09817477 in 4 J s = π ( 0.5 ) 32 = 0.00613592 in 4
4 4
Tya =
τ max J a
=
( 30, 000 )( 0.09817477 ) = 5890.49 lb ⋅ in. = 490.874 lb ⋅ ft
ca ( 0.5)
Tys =
τ max J s
=
(18, 000 )( 0.00613592 ) = 441.786 lb ⋅ in. = 36.8155 lb ⋅ ft
cs ( 0.25)
For 0 ≤ T ≤ Ty θ = TL JG
θa =
(Ta ×12 )(10 ) = 0.3055775 (10−3 ) Ta rad (1)
( 0.09817477 )( 30, 000 0.0075)
θs =
(Ts ×12 )( 30 ) = 4.88924 (10−3 ) Ts rad (2)
( 0.00613592 )(18, 000 0.0015 )
θa = θs T = Ta + Ts
Ta = 16.000Ts T = 17.000Ts
If Ta = Tya = 5890.49 lb ⋅ in. , then Ts = 368.1556 lb ⋅ in.
Tmax = Ta + Ts = 6258.6456 lb ⋅ in. = 521.5538 lb ⋅ ft
r (3)
9000π 4
= r + 12, 000π 0.253 − r 3 = 187.50π − 3000π r 3
r
r = 3 62.500 − ( 0.004Ts π ) τ max = τ y = 18 ksi
θs =
τ max L
=
(18 )( 30 ) =
0.04500
rad (4)
Gr (18 0.0015) r r
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-117 (cont.)
r r
15, 000π 4 2250π
= r + 17, 000π 0.503 − r 3 + 0.504 − r 4
r
(5)
r
140.625π
= 2125.0π + − 4250π r 3
r
τ L
θ a = max =
( 30 )(10 ) = 0.07500 rad (6)
Gr ( 30 0.0075) r r
Computer approach:
1. Increment θ = θa = θs
2. Compute Ts and Ta using Eqs. (1) and (2)
If Ts ≥ 36.82 lb ⋅ ft ,
use Eqs. (3) and (4).
If Ta ≥ 490.9 lb ⋅ ft ,
use Eqs. (5) and (6).
3. Compute T = Ta + Ts
4. Plot θ versus T
5. Repeat until T = 750 lb ⋅ ft
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-118
J a = π ( 20 ) 32 = 15.70796 (103 ) mm 4
4
J s = π ( 25 ) 32 = 38.34952 (103 ) mm 4
4
Tya =
τ max J a
=
( 210 ×10 )(15.70796 ×10 ) = 329.867 N ⋅ m
6 −9
ca ( 0.010 )
Tys =
τ max J s
=
(120 ×10 )( 38.34952 ×10 ) = 368.155 N ⋅ m
6 −9
cs ( 0.0125)
For 0 ≤ T ≤ Ty θ = TL JG
θa =
(T )( 0.250 ) = 568.411(10−6 ) T rad
(15.70796 ×10 )( 210 ×10 −9 6
0.0075 )
θs =
(T )( 0.300 ) = 97.7848 (10−6 ) T rad
( 38.34952 ×10 )(120 ×10 −9 6
0.0015 )
If T ≥ Tys (where r is the yield boundary)
120 (106 ) ρ
( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫ ρ (120 ×106 ) ( 2πρ ) d ρ
r c
T =∫ ρ
0
r r
60 (106 ) π
= r 4 + 80 (106 ) π c3 − r 3 = 20 (106 ) π ( 4c3 − r 3 )
r
T
r = 3 4c 3 − c = 0.0125 m
20π (106 )
where (1)
θs =
τ max L
=
(120 ×10 ) ( 0.300 ) = 450 (10 ) rad
6 −6
224
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-118 (cont.)
If T ≥ Tya (where r is the yield boundary)
τ ≤ 210 MPa (ρ ≤ r) τ a = 210 ρ r
τ ≥ 210 MPa (ρ ≥ r) τ a = 210 + 4000 ( γ − 0.0075 ) = 180 + 4000γ
0.0075ρ 30 ρ
= 180 + 4000 = 180 +
r r
210 ρ 6 30 ρ 6
(10 ) ( 2πρ ) d ρ + ∫r ρ 180 + (10 ) ( 2πρ ) d ρ
r c
T = ∫ ρ
0
r r
105 (106 ) π 15 (106 ) π
= r + 120 (10 ) π c − r +
4 6 3 3
c 4 − r 4
r r
7.5c 4
= 2π (106 ) 60c 3 + − 15r 3 where c = 0.010 m
r
For a given torque T , solve for r . For example, using the Newton-Raphson iteration method, let
Tr
f (r ) = + 15r 4 − 7.5c 4 − 60c 3 r = 0
2π (10 )
6
T
f ′(r ) = + 60r 3 − 60c 3
2π (10 )
6
Then r ( n +1) = r ( n ) − ( f f ′ )
( 0)
Guess that r = c and iterate until the value for
r no longer changes.
θa =
τ max L
=
( 210 ×10 ) ( 0.250 ) = 1.875 (10 ) rad
6 −3
θ = θa + θs
225
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-119*
For the square bar: b a =1 1=1
The value of α from Fig. 6-30 is: α ≅ 0.21
Tmax = τ maxα a 2b = (12 )( 0.21)(1) (1) = 2.52 kip ⋅ in. ..................................................... Ans.
2
226
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-120*
(a) For the rectangular bar: b a = 75 40 = 1.875
θ=
TL
=
( 735)( 0.400 ) = 0.00972 rad ............................ Ans.
β a bG ( 0.225 )( 0.040 )3 ( 0.075 ) ( 28 ×109 )
3
θ=
TL
=
(863)( 0.400 ) = 0.00913 rad Ans.
β a bG ( 0.15 )( 0.05477 )3 ( 0.05477 ) ( 28 ×109 )
3
224
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-121
(a) For the square bar: b a = 1.5 1.5 = 1
The value of α from Fig. 6-30 is: α ≅ 0.21
Tmax = τ maxα a 2b = (12 )( 0.21)(1.5 ) (1.5 ) = 8.505 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 8.51 kip ⋅ in. ................ Ans.
2
Tmax =
τ max J
=
(12 )( 0.4970 ) = 7.952 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 7.95 kip ⋅ in. .................................... Ans.
c 0.75
(b) For the square bar: β ≅ 0.15
θ=
TL
=
( 8.505)( 3 ×12 ) = 0.1008 rad ................................................ Ans.
β a bG ( 0.15 )(1.5 )3 (1.5 )( 4000 )
3
229
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-122*
T
τ= A = π r 2 4 = π (100 ) 4 = 7854.0 mm 2
2
2 At
t=
T
=
( 2000 ) = 0.00318 m = 3.18 mm .............................. Ans.
2 Aτ 2 ( 7854.0 × 10−6 )( 40 ×106 )
230
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-123
T
τ= A = ( 6 )( 8 ) + π ( 3) = 76.274 in 2
2
2 At
t=
T
=
(125) = 0.1229 in. ............................................................................. Ans.
2 Aτ 2 ( 76.274 )( 8 )
231
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-124
(a) For the circle: d = 500 π = 159.155 mm
T
τ= A = π r 2 4 = π (159.155 ) 4 = 19,894.38 mm 2
2
2 At
Tmax = 2 Atτ max = 2 (19.89438 ×10−3 ) ( 0.003) ( 75 × 106 )
2 At
Tmax = 2 Atτ max = 2 (15.625 × 10−3 ) ( 0.003) ( 75 × 106 )
232
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-125*
For the rectangle: a = 2 in. b = 3 in. b a = 3 2 = 1.5
(a) The value of α from Fig. 6-30 is: α ≅ 0.23
Tmax = TAB = T2 − T1 = 30 − 10 = 20 kip ⋅ in.
Tmax 20
τ max = = = 7.25 ksi ............................................................................ Ans.
α a b 0.23 ( 2 )2 ( 3)
2
=
( −10 )( 30 ) +
( 20 )( 30 )
( 0.20 )( 2 ) ( 3)( 4000 ) ( 0.20 )( 2 ) ( 3)( 4000 )
3 3
233
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-126*
T
τ= A = ( 65 )( 95 ) = 6175 mm 2
2 At
TAB = T2 − T1 = 2T − 2T = 0 kN ⋅ m
Tmax = TBC = T1 = 2T = 2 Atminτ max
= 2 ( 6175 ×10−6 ) ( 0.005 ) ( 80 ×106 ) = 4.940 (103 ) N ⋅ m
T = 4.94 2 = 2.47 kN ⋅ m .................................................................................................... Ans.
234
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-127
(a) For the square bar: b a = a a =1
The value of α from Fig. 6-30 is: α ≅ 0.21
Tmax = τ maxα a 2b = τ max ( 0.21)( a ) ( a ) = 0.21a 3τ max
2
τ max π (1.12838a ) 32
4
τ max J = 0.28209a 3τ
Tmax = = max
c 1.12838a 2
θ circle 8.44009TL a 4G
= = 1.266 ...................................................................................... Ans.
θ square 6.667TL a 4G
235
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-128
TAB = T TBC = 2T TCD = −T
For the square bar: b a = 50 50 = 1
From Fig. 6-30: α ≅ 0.21 β ≅ 0.15
For the stress specification: τ max ≤ 80 MPa
Tmax = TBC = 2T ≤ τ maxα a 2b = ( 80 × 106 ) ( 0.21)( 0.050 ) ( 0.050 ) = 2100 N ⋅ m
2
T ≤ 1050 N ⋅ m
For the deformation specification: θ ≤ 0.035 rad
θ D / A = θ B / A + θC / B + θ D / C
θD/ A =
(TAB + TBC + TCD ) L = (T + 2T − T )( 0.400 ) ≤ 0.035 rad
β a bG (.15)( 0.050 ) ( 0.050 ) ( 28 ×109 )
3 3
T ≤ 1148 N ⋅ m
Tmax = 1050 N ⋅ m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
236
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-129*
T
τ= A = (12.5 )( 40 ) = 500 in 2
2 At
T = 2 Atminτ max = 2 ( 500 )( 0.04 )( 8 ) = 320 kip ⋅ in. ......................................................... Ans.
237
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-130
210 2 150 500 + 320
A = π ( 500 ) + π ( 320 ) + 2 ( 695cos15° )
2
360 360 2
= 1.142671(106 ) mm 2 = 1.142671 m 2
T 200 (103 )
t= = = 0.001750 m = 1.750 mm ................................. Ans.
2 Aτ 2 (1.142671) ( 50 × 106 )
238
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-131
Equilibrium: TA − 8 − 0 + TD = 0 TA + TD = 8 kip ⋅ in.
TAB = −TA TBCD = ( 8 − TA ) kip ⋅ in.
For the square bar: b a = 1.5 1.5 = 1
From Fig. 6-30: α ≅ 0.21 β ≅ 0.15
Deformation: θD / A = θB / A + θD / B = 0
θD/ A =
( −TA )(1.5) + ( 8 − TA )( 3.0 ) = 0 rad
β a 3bG β a 3bG
4.5TA = 24 kip ⋅ in.
TA = 5.3333 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 5.33 kip ⋅ in. .................................................................................... Ans.
TD = 2.6667 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 2.67 kip ⋅ in. .................................................................................. Ans.
239
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-132*
σ max = σ y FS = 250 1.25 = 200 MPa τ max = σ max 2 = 100 MPa
For 60 rpm:
2π NT 2π ( 60 ) T
Power = T ω = = = 150 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
T = 23,873.24 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 23,873.24 )( d 2 )
τ= = = 100 (106 ) N/m 2 d = 0.1067 m
J π d 4 32
Use shaft with d = 110 mm ..................................................................................... Ans.
For 6000 rpm:
2π NT 2π ( 6000 ) T
Power = T ω = = = 150 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
T = 238.7324 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 238.7324 )( d 2 )
τ= = = 100 (106 ) N/m 2 d = 0.0230 m
J π d 4 32
Use shaft with d = 25 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
Use a speed of 6000 rpm if weight is critical. ...................................................................... Ans.
240
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-133*
σ max = σ y FS = 62 1.5 = 41.3333 ksi τ max = σ max 2 = 20.6667 ksi
Tc (1200 × 12 )( c )
τ= = ≤ 20, 666.7 psi
J J
J c ≥ 0.69677 in 3
J I x + I y 2I
= = = 2 S ≥ 0.69677 in 3
c c c
S ≥ 0.34839 in 3
From Table A-13 Use a 2-in. diameter pipe. ............................................................................... Ans.
241
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-134
σ max = σ y FS = 250 1.5 = 166.6667 MPa τ max = σ max 2 = 83.3333 MPa
2π NT 2π ( 60 ) T
Power = T ω = = = 150 (103 ) N ⋅ m/s
60 60
T = 23,873.24 N ⋅ m
Tc ( 23,873.24 ) c
(a) τ= = ≤ 83.3333 (106 ) N/m 2
J J
J c ≥ 286.4789 (10−6 ) m3 = 286.4789 (103 ) mm3
J I x + I y 2I
= = = 2 S ≥ 286.4789 (103 ) mm3 S ≥ 143.239 (103 ) mm3
c c c
Use 203 mm diameter .............................................................................................. Ans.
Tc ( 23,873.24 )( d 2 )
(b) τ= = = 83.3333 (106 ) N/m 2 d = 0.1134 m
J π d 32
4
242
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-135
σ max = σ y FS = 36 2 = 18 ksi τ max = σ max 2 = 9 ksi
2π NT 2π ( 200 ) T
Power = T ω = = = (100 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 2626.057 lb ⋅ ft = 31,512.38 lb ⋅ in.
Tc ( 31.51238 )( c )
(a) τ= = ≤ 9 ksi J c ≥ 3.50141 in 3
J J
J I x + I y 2I
= = = 2 S ≥ 3.50141 in 3 S ≥ 1.75070 in 3
c c c
Use a 3-in. diameter pipe...................................................................................................... Ans.
Tc ( 31.51238 )( d 2 )
(b) τ= = ≤ 9 ksi d ≥ 2.6126 in.
J π d 4 32
Use shaft with d = 2 5 8 in. ....................................................................................... Ans.
(c) W ( pipe ) = 7.58 lb/ft
π ( 2.625 )
2
243
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-136*
σ max = σ y FS = 360 3 = 120 MPa τ max = σ max 2 = 60 MPa
Tmax = TAB = 1000 N ⋅ m
Tc (1000 )( d 2 )
τ= = = 60 (106 ) N/m 2
J π d 32
4
d ≥ 0.04395 m = 43.95 mm
Use shaft with d = 50 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
244
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-137
σ max = σ y FS = 36 2.25 = 16 ksi τ max = σ max 2 = 8 ksi
Tmax = TAB = 30 kip ⋅ in.
Tc ( 30 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 8 ksi d ≥ 2.673 in.
J π d 4 32
Use shaft with d = 2 3 4 in. ....................................................................................... Ans.
245
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-138*
σ max = σ y FS = 360 3 = 120 MPa
τ max = σ max 2 = 60 MPa
d ≥ 0.05960 m = 59.60 mm
Use shaft with d = 60 mm ....................................................................................... Ans.
246
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-139
Tmax = TAB = 380 lb ⋅ ft = 4560 lb ⋅ in.
(a) For the shaft: σ max = σ y FS = 53 2 = 26.5 ksi τ max = σ max 2 = 13.25 ksi
Tc ( 4.560 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 13.25 ksi d ≥ 1.206 in.
J π d 4 32
Use shaft with d = 1 1 4 in. ........................................................................................ Ans.
(b) For the bolts: σ max = σ y FS = 36 1.5 = 24 ksi τ max = σ max 2 = 12 ksi
d1 d1 π d b2 τπ db2 d1
TAB = 4V = 4 (τ A ) = 2τ d1 =
2 2 4 2
4.560 =
(12 ) π db2 ( 3.5) db = 0.2629 in.
2
Use bolts with d = 5 16 in. ......................................................................................... Ans.
247
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-140
For a given value of power, the values of torque are the same in the shaft and in the collar.
Tc T ( d s 2 ) 16Td s Tc T ( dc 2 ) 16Td c
τs = = = τc = = =
J π d s4 32 π d s4 J π ( d c4 − d s4 ) 32 π ( d c4 − d s4 )
For the same shear stress in the shaft and in the collar
16Td s 16Td c d c4 − d s4 d c
= =
π ds
4
π ( d c4 − d s4 ) d s4 ds
4
dc dc
− −1 = 0
ds ds
d c d s = 1.221 (independent of the material) ............................................................... Ans.
248
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-141*
Tc ( 48 ×12 )( 3)
(a) τ AB = = = 13.58 ksi
π ( 6 ) 32
4
J
Tc (13 ×12 )( 2 )
τ CD = = = 12.41 ksi
π ( 4 ) 32
4
J
Tc ( 2 × 12 )(1)
τ DE = = = 15.28 ksi
π ( 2 ) 32
4
J
τ max = τ DE = 15.28 ksi .......................................Ans.
(b) θ E / A = θ B / A + θC / B + θ D / C + θ E / D
θE / A =
TL
=
( 48 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) + ( −37 ×12 )( 4 ×12 )
JG π ( 6 )4 32 (12, 000 ) π ( 6 )4 32 (12, 000 )
+
(13 ×12 )( 5 ×12 ) + ( −2 ×12 )( 2 ×12 )
π ( 4 )4 32 (12, 000 ) π ( 2 )4 32 (12, 000 )
θ E / A = 0.1002 (10−3 ) rad ..................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) θC / A = θ B / A + θC / B
θC / A =
( 48 ×12 )( 3 ×12 ) + ( −37 ×12 )( 4 ×12 )
π ( 6 )4 32 (12, 000 ) π ( 6 )4 32 (12, 000 )
θC / A = −0.377 (10−3 ) rad ..................................................................................................... Ans.
249
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-142*
Tc ( 4000 )( d1 2 )
(a) τ AB = = ≤ 80 (106 ) N/m 2
J π d1 32
4
θC / A =
( 4000 )(1) + ( −8000 )( 2 ) = −0.0483 rad ................................................. Ans.
π ( 0.075 )4 32 ( 80 ×109 )
250
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-143
Tc T ( 0.625 )
τ= = ≤ 8 ksi
J π (1.254 − 1.124 ) 32
(a)
(b) θC / A =
(1)( 3 ×12 ) = 0.1112 rad .................................................... Ans.
π (1.25 − 1.124 ) 32 ( 3800 )
4
251
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-144*
(18, 000 )( d 2 ) ≤ 100 106 N/m 2
(a) τ=
Tc
=
J π d 4 − ( 0.5d )4 32
( )
d min = 0.0993 m = 99.3 mm ...................................... Ans.
TL ( 8000 )( 2 ) + ( −18, 000 )( 4 ) + ( 4000 )( 3)
θ= =
{ }
(b)
JG π 0.1204 − 0.0604 32 (80 ×109 )
θ = −0.0288 rad ........................................................... Ans.
252
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-145
TL T ( 3 × 12 ) T ≤ 22.1575 kip ⋅ in.
θ= = ≤ 0.052 rad
JG π ( 2.5 )4 32 ( 4000 ) = 1.84646 kip ⋅ ft
Tc T (1.25 ) T ≤ 30.6796 kip ⋅ in.
τ= = ≤ 10 ksi
J π ( 2.5 )4 32 = 2.55663 kip ⋅ ft
2π NT 2π ( 500 )(1846.46 )
Power = T ω = = = ( 96, 680.3) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
Power = 96, 680.3 550 = 175.8 hp ........................................................................... Ans.
253
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-146
Tc ( 55, 000 )( 0.075 )
(a) τ AB = = ≤ 83.0 (106 ) N/m 2
π ( 0.150 ) 32
4
J
σ AB = τ AB = 83.0 MPa (T) ......................................Ans.
θC =
( −55, 000 )( 0.300 ) + ( −15, 000 )( 0.400 )
π ( 0.150 )4 32 ( 80 × 109 ) π ( 0.100 )4 32 ( 80 × 109 )
θC = −0.01179 rad ......................................................................................................... Ans.
254
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-147*
(a) First look at equilibrium of the aluminum shell and the ends of the pins:
π ( 0.5 )2
Ta = V ( 2 ) = ( 5 ) ( 2 ) = 1.963495 kip ⋅ in.
4
πd4 π ( 34 − 24 ) π ( 24 )
Ja = = = 6.38136 in.4 Js = = 1.57080 in.4
32 32 32
Assume that the steel shaft extends all the way through the aluminum shell and attaches to the wall at D. Then, the
portion of the shafts between the wall and the pin must rotate the same amount
θCD , s = θCD ,a θ = TL JG
Ts (12 ) Ta (12 )
=
(1.57080 )(12, 000 ) ( 6.38136 )( 4000 )
Ts = 0.73846Ta = 0.73846 (1.963495 )
= 1.44997 kip ⋅ in.
T = Ta + Ts = 1.963495 + 0.73846 = 3.41346 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 3.41 kip ⋅ in. ........................ Ans.
Td (1.963495 )(1.5 )
(b) τa = = = 0.462 ksi = 462 psi ....................................................... Ans.
J ( 6.38136 )
(c) θ=
( −1.44997 )(12 ) + ( −3.41346 )(18 ) = −0.00418 rad ................................ Ans.
(1.57080 )(12, 000 ) (1.57080 )(12, 000 )
255
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-148
J AB , s = π d 4 32 = π (160 ) 32 = 64.33982 (106 ) mm 4
4
Equilibrium: Ts + Tb = 75 kN ⋅ m (a)
Deformations: θ BC , s = θ BC ,b θ = TL JG
Ts (1.5 ) Tb (1.5 )
=
( 54.52234 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 9.81748 ×10 )( 40 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
Ts = 11.10720Tb (b)
Tb = 6.19466 kN ⋅ m Ts = 68.80534 kN ⋅ m
(85, 000 )( 0.08) = 105.6888 106 N/m 2 = 105.6888 MPa
In AB: τs =
Tc
=
J ( 64.33982 ×10−6 )
( )
( 68,805.34 )( 0.08) = 101.0
τs = (10 ) N/m
6 2
= 101.0 MPa
( 54.52234 ×10 )
In BC: −6
(a) τ max, s = 105.7 MPa ....................... τ max,b = 31.5 MPa .............................................. Ans.
(b) θ D = θ B / A + θC / B + θ D / C θ D = TL JG
θD =
(85, 000 )( 2 ) +
( −68,805.34 )(1.5) +0
( 64.33982 ×10 )(80 ×10 ) ( 54.52234 ×10 )(80 ×10 )
−6 9 −6 9
256
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-149
T
τ= A = ( 6 × 2 ) + π (1) 2 = 13.57080 in 2
2
2 At
t=
T
=
(1850 ×12 ) = 0.1022 in. ................................................................. Ans.
2 Aτ 2 (13.57080 )( 8000 )
257
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-150*
τ=
T
=
(12, 000 )
2 At 2 ( 53, 000 ×10−6 ) ( 0.0013)
258
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-151*
2π NT 2π ( 300 ) T
Power = T ω = = = ( 200 × 550 ) lb ⋅ ft/s
60 60
T = 3501.4087 lb ⋅ ft = 42, 016.9 lb ⋅ in.
Tc ( 42.0169 )( d 2 )
τ= = ≤ 15.9 ksi d ≥ 2.3787 in.
J π d 4 32
TL ( 42.0169 )( 3 ×12 )
θ= = ≤ 1.5° = 0.026180 rad d ≥ 2.6689 in.
JG (π d 4 32 ) (11, 600 )
use d = 2 3 4 in. ............................................................................................................ Ans.
259
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
6-152
J = π d 4 32 = π (100 ) 32 = 9.81748 (106 ) mm 4
4
θo =
TL
=
(15, 000 )(1.2 ) = 0.04584 rad
JG ( 9.81748 × 10−6 )( 40 ×109 )
After the torque at B is removed θtotal = θ ABC + θ slip + θCD = 0
( −T )( 2.2 ) + 0.04584 +
( −T )(1.6 ) =0
( 9.81748 ×10 )( 40 ×10 )
−6 9
( 9.81748 ×10 )(80 ×10 )
−6 9
260
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-1*
bh3 ( 4 )( 6 )
3
I= = = 72.00 in.4
12 12
Mr =
σI
=
(1000 )( 72.00 ) = 24, 000 lb ⋅ in. = 24.0 kip ⋅ in. ....................................... Ans.
c 3
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-2*
M x (100 ) ( 200 )( 50 ) + ( 25 ) ( 200 )( 50 ) + (100 ) ( 200 )( 50 )
d= = = 75 mm
A 3 ( 200 )( 50 )
(100 )(125) ( 300 )( 75) ( 200 )( 25)
3 3 3
I= + −
3 3 3
= 106.25 (10 ) mm
6 4
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-3
M x (1) ( 6 )( 2 ) + ( 5 ) ( 6 )( 2 )
d= = = 3 in.
A 2 ( 6 )( 2 )
( 2 )( 5) ( 6 )( 3) ( 4 )(1)
3 3 3
I= + − = 136.00 in.4
3 3 3
− M r y − ( 4000 ×12 )( 5 )
σ= = = −667 psi = 667 psi (C) ........................................... Ans.
I (136.00 )
Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit basis for testing or instructional
purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the permission of the
copyright owner is unlawful.
MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-4*
( 200 )( 300 ) (150 )( 200 )
3 3
I= − = 350 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
−σ A I − ( −7.5 ×10 )( 350 × 10 )
6 −6
Mr = = = 17,500 N ⋅ m
yA 0.150
− M r y − (17,500 )( −0.100 )
σB = = = 5.00 (106 ) N/m 2 = 5.00 MPa (T) ............... Ans.
( 350 ×10 )
(a) −6
I
− (17,500 )( 0.050 )
σC = = −2.50 (106 ) N/m 2 = 2.50 MPa (C) ................................ Ans.
( 350 ×10 )
(b) −6
− (17,500 )( −0.125 )
σD = = 6.25 (106 ) N/m 2 = 6.25 MPa (T) ................................ Ans.
( 350 ×10 )
(c) −6
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purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which the textbook has been adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-5
( 6 )(10 ) ( 4 )( 6 )
3 3
I= − = 428 in.4
12 12
Mr =
σI
=
(1200 )( 428) = 102, 700 lb ⋅ in. = 102.7 kip ⋅ in. ....................................... Ans.
c 5
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-6
M x ( 25 ) (100 )( 50 ) + (150 ) ( 200 )( 37.5 )
d= = = 100 mm
A (100 )( 50 ) + ( 200 )( 37.5)
(100 )(100 ) ( 62.5)( 50 ) ( 37.5)(150 )
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
= 72.92 (106 ) mm 4
Mr =
c
=
0.150
( ) 3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-7*
bh3 ( 4 )( 2 )
3
Mr =
σI
=
(8)( 2.667 ) = 21.3 kip ⋅ in. ..................................Ans.
c 1
bh3 ( 2 )( 4 )
3
Mr =
σI
=
(8)(10.667 ) = 85.3 kip ⋅ in. ..............................................Ans.
c 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-8
M x (12.5 ) (100 )( 25 ) + (125 ) ( 200 )( 25 )
d= = = 87.5 mm
A (100 )( 25) + ( 200 )( 25)
(100 )(87.5) ( 50 )( 62.5) ( 25)(137.5)
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
= 39.93 (106 ) mm 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-9*
(a) From Table B-3 for an S 24 × 80 section d = 2c = 24.00 in. I = 2100 in.4
Mr =
σI
=
(18 )( 2100 ) = 3150 kip ⋅ in. .......................................................................... Ans.
c 12.00
( 8 )( 0.75 )3
I = 2100 + 2 + ( 8 × 0.75 )(12.375 ) = 3938 in.4
2
(b)
12
Mr =
σI
=
(18 )( 3938) = 5560 kip ⋅ in. .......................................................................... Ans.
c 12.75
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-10*
From Table B-8 for an L 102 × 102 × 12.7-mm angle
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-11
(16 )( 28) (15)( 24 )
3 3
I= − = 11,989 in.4
12 12
− M r y − (1000 ×12 )(14 )
σ top = = = −14.01 ksi = 14.01 ksi (C)
I (11,989 )
− M r y − (1000 × 12 )( −14 )
σ bottom = = = +14.01 ksi = 14.01 ksi (T)
I (11,989 )
σ max = 14.01 ksi (T, on bottom; C, on top)) ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-12*
M x ( 237.5 ) (100 )( 25 ) + (125 ) ( 25 )( 200 ) + (12.5 ) ( 200 )( 25 )
d= =
A (100 )( 25) + ( 25)( 200 ) + ( 200 )( 25 )
= 102.5 mm
(100 )(147.5) ( 75)(122.5) ( 200 )(102.5) (175)( 77.5)
3 3 3 3
I= − + −
3 3 3 3
= 105.65 (106 ) mm 4
− M r y − ( −3000 )( 0.1475 )
σ top = = = +4.19 (106 ) N/m 2
I (105.65 ×10 )−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-13
4r 4 ( 3 )
d= = = 1.2732 in.
3π 3π
8r 4 π ( 3) 8 ( 3)
4 4
π r4
I= − = − = 8.890 in.4
8 9π 8 9π
− M r y − ( −20 )(1.7268 )
σ top = = = +3.88 ksi = 3.88 ksi (T) ..................................... Ans.
I ( 8.890 )
− ( −20 )( −1.2732 )
σ bottom = = −2.86 ksi = 2.86 ksi (C) .............................................. Ans.
(8.890 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-14
( 50 )( 50 ) ( 20 )( 20 )
3 3
I= − = 507.5 (103 ) mm 4
12 12
Mr =
σI
=
(110 ×10 )( 507.5 ×10 ) = 2233 N ⋅ m
6 −9
c 0.025
M r ≅ 2.23 kN ⋅ m .................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-15*
d= = = 3.113 in.
A (8)(1) + ( 4 )(1) + π ( 42 − 32 ) 4
(8)( 3.113) ( 7 )( 2.113) (1)(1.887 )
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
π (4 − 3
4 4
) + π (4 2
−3 2
)
+ ( 3.887 ) = 152.33 in.4
2
64 4
− M r y − ( 30 × 12 )( 5.887 )
(a) σ top = = = +13.91 ksi
I (152.33)
σ top = 13.91 ksi (T) ...................................................... Ans.
− ( 30 × 12 )( −3.113)
(b) σ bottom = = −7.36 ksi = 7.36 ksi (C) ........................................... Ans.
(152.33)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-16*
(a) σ = Eε = ( 210 × 109 )(1200 × 10−6 ) = 252.00 (106 ) N/m 2 = 252 MPa .................... Ans.
( 50 )( 50 )
3
Mr = = = −5250 N ⋅ m
y 0.025
M r = −5.25 kN ⋅ m ................................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-17
ρ = R + ( h 2 ) = 12 + ( h 2 ) in.
c E ( h 2)
σ x = Eε x = E =
ρ 12 + ( h 2 )
24σ x 24 ( 36 )
h= = = 0.0298 in. ........................................................................... Ans.
E − σ x 29, 000 − 36
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-18*
ρ = R + ( h 2 ) = R + ( 25 2 ) = ( R + 12.5 ) mm
c E (12.5 )
σ x = Eε x = E =
ρ R + 12.5
E (12.5 ) ( 73, 000 )(12.5) − 12.5 = 9113 mm ≅ 9.11 m ........................ Ans.
R= − 12.5 =
σx 100
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-19
4 ΣM cut = 0 : −M r − M = 0
M r = − M = −15 kip ⋅ in.
(The internal resisting moment is the same over the entire length of the beam.)
( 2 )( 2 )
3
I= = 1.3333 in.4
12
− M r y − ( −15 )(1)
σ top = = = +11.25 ksi = 11.25 ksi (T) ........................................... Ans.
I (1.3333)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-20
I= − +
3 3 3
π (100 ) π (100 )
4 2
64 4
− M r y − (100 ×10 ) ( −0.15064 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-21*
4 ΣM C = 0 : 20 RD − 3 (1000 ) − 18 ( 2000 ) = 0
RD = 1950 lb ↑
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M r + 5 (1950 ) − 3 ( 2000 ) = 0
M r = 3750 lb ⋅ ft = 3.750 kip ⋅ ft
π ( 24 − 1.54 )
I= = 8.590 in.4
4
− M r y − ( 3.750 ×12 )( 2 )
σA = = = −10.48 ksi = 10.48 ksi (C) ................................. Ans.
I ( 8.590 )
− ( 3.750 × 12 )( −1.5 )
σB = = +7.86 ksi = 7.86 ksi (T) ................................................ Ans.
(8.590 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-22
M x (140 ) (120 )( 40 ) + ( 60 ) ( 40 )(120 )
d= = = 100 mm
A (120 )( 40 ) + ( 40 )(120 )
(120 )( 60 ) ( 80 )( 20 ) ( 40 )(100 )
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
= 21.76 (10 ) mm
6 4
4 ΣM cut = 0 : −M r − M = 0
M r = −M
(The internal resisting moment is the same over the entire length of the beam.)
M = −M r =
σI
=
( 90 ×10 )( 21.76 ×10 ) = +32.6 kN ⋅ m
6 −6
y ( 0.060 )
At the bottom of the beam (σ = 140 MPa C )
M = −M r =
σI
=
( −140 ×10 )( 21.76 ×10 ) = +30.5 kN ⋅ m
6 −6
y ( −0.100 )
M max = 30.5 kN ⋅ m 3 ................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-23
di = d o − 0.5
(a) σ max =
M rc
=
(100 )( do 2 )
π d o4 − ( d o − 0.5 ) 64
4
I
32 (100 ) d o
σ max = ksi
π d o4 − ( d o − 0.5 )
4
(b) d min ≅ 3.9 in. .............................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-24
bh3 b ( 2b ) 8b 4
3
I= = =
12 12 12
M r c ( 6000 )( h 2 ) 12 ( 6000 )( b )
σ max = = =
(8b4 12 )
(a)
I 8b 4
12 ( 6000 )( b ) ( 9000 )
σ max = = N/m 2
8b 4 b3
(b) hmin ≅ 150 mm .............................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-25
From Table B-3 for an S 4 × 9.5 section d = 2c = 4.00 in. A = 2.79 in.2
I = 6.79 in.4 S = 3.39 in.3
M 1 = σ S = ( 20 )( 3.39 ) = 67.8 kip ⋅ in.
M R = 1.75M = (1.75 )( 67.8 ) = 118.65 kip ⋅ in.
bt 3 2
I R = 6.79 + 2 + ( bt )( 2 + 0.5t )
12
M R cR (118.65 )( 2 + t )
σ= = ≤ 20 ksi
IR IR
(118.65 )( 2 + t ) = 5.9325
IR ≥ (2 + t ) in.4
20
bt 3 2
6.79 + 2 + ( bt )( 2 + 0.5t ) ≥ 5.9325 ( 2 + t )
12
30.45 + 35.595t
b≥
t + 12t ( 2 + 0.5t )
3 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-26
Aa = ( 200 )( 30 ) = 6000 mm 2 Ab = 2 (150 ) t + ( 200 ) w = 6000 mm 2
w = ( 30 − 1.5t ) mm
( 30 )( 200 )
3
Ia = = 20.00 (106 ) mm 4
12
Ma =
σI
=
(150 ×10 )( 20 ×10 ) = 30, 000 N ⋅ m
6 −6
c 0.100
w ( 200 ) (150 ) t 3 2
3
Mb =
σI
=
(150 ×10 ) I 6
b
N⋅m
c0.100 + t
M − Ma
% Inc = b (100 )
Ma
Mb
= − 1 (100 )
30, 000
5000 I b
% Inc = − 1 (100 )
0.100 + t
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-27*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −1000 − Vr = 0
Vr = −1000 lb ...............................................................................Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r + 1000 x = 0
M r = ( −1000 x ) lb ⋅ ft .................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-28*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : − ( 2 x ) − Vr = 0
Vr = ( −2 x ) kN .............................................................................Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r + ( 2 x )( x 2 ) = 0
M r = ( − x 2 ) kN ⋅ m .....................................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-29
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 200 ×10 )( 5) − ( 500 )( 2 ) − 10 RA = 0 RA = 900 lb
0 ≤ x ≤ 10 ft
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 900 − ( 200 x ) − Vr = 0
Vr = ( 900 − 200 x ) lb .......................................................... Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r + ( 200 x )( x 2 ) − 900 x = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-30*
4 ΣM B = 0 : (15 × 4 )( 6 ) − 8RA = 0 RA = 45 kN
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 45 − (15 x ) − Vr = 0
Vr = ( 45 − 15 x ) kN .....................................................................Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r − 45 x + (15 x )( x 2 ) = 0
M r = ( 45 x − 7.5 x 2 ) kN ⋅ m .......................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-31
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 5000 )( 4 ) + ( 2000 )( 8) − 12 RA = 0 RA = 3000 lb
4 ft ≤ x ≤ 8 ft
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 3000 − 2000 − Vr = 0
Vr = (1000 ) lb ...................................................................... Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r − 3000 x + ( 2000 )( x − 4 ) = 0
M r = (1000 x + 8000 ) lb ⋅ ft .............................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-32
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA + ( wL ) − ( 2 wL ) = 0 RA = wL ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A + ( wL )( L 2 ) − ( 2 wL )( 3L 2 ) = 0 M A = 5wL2 2 4
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( wL ) + ( wx ) − Vr = 0
Vr = wL + wx = w ( L + x ) ...........................................................Ans.
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M r + ( 5wL2 2 ) − ( wL ) x − ( wx )( x 2 ) = 0
wx 2 5wL2 w 2
Mr = + wLx − = ( x + 2 Lx − 5 L2 ) ...................Ans.
2 2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-33*
4 ΣM A = 0 : 12 RB − ( 2000 )( 4 ) − ( 5000 )( 8 ) = 0 RB = 4000 lb
4 ΣM cut = 0 : ( 4000 )( 2 ) − M r = 0
M r = ( 8000 ) lb ⋅ ft
bh3 ( 3)( 8 )
3
I= = = 128.00 in.4
12 12
On the bottom of the beam ( y = −4 in.)
− M r y − ( 8 × 12 )( −4 )
σ= = = +3.00 ksi = 3.00 ksi (T) ............................................. Ans.
I (128.00 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-34
From Table B-4 for an S 254 × 52 section d = 2c = 254.00 mm I = 61.2 (106 ) mm 4
4 ΣM A = 0 : 8 RB − (15 × 4 )( 2 ) = 0 RB = 15 kN
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M r + (15 )( 3) = 0 M r = 45 kN ⋅ m
On the bottom of the beam ( y = −127.0 mm )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-35*
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 2000 )(13) + (1000 × 6 )( 5 ) − 10 RA = 0 RA = 5600 lb
4 ΣM A = 0 : ( 2000 )( 3) − (1000 × 6 )( 5 ) + 10 RB = 0 RB = 2400 lb
(a) Vr = ( −2000 ) lb ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
M r = −2000 ( x + 3) = [ −2000 x − 6000] lb ⋅ ft ................................................................ Ans.
(b) Vr = −2000 + 5600 = ( 3600 ) lb ......................................................................................... Ans.
M r = −2000 ( x + 3) + 5600 x = [3600 x − 6000 ] lb ⋅ ft ................................................... Ans.
(c) Vr = −2000 + 5600 − 1000 ( x − 2 ) = ( −1000 x + 5600 ) lb ............................................ Ans.
M r = −2000 ( x + 3) + 5600 x − 1000 ( x − 2 )( x − 2 ) 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-36*
4 ΣM B = 0 : (12 × 6 )( 9 ) + ( 24 )( 4 ) − 10 RA = 0 RA = 74.4 kN
4 ΣM A = 0 : − (12 × 6 )(1) − ( 24 )( 6 ) + 10 RB = 0 RB = 21.6 kN
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-37
4 ΣM B = 0 : (1 2 )(1500 )(12 ) ( 4 ) − 12 RA = 0 RA = 3000 lb
1 1500 x
Vr = 3000 − ( x ) = ( −62.5 x + 3000 ) lb .................................................. Ans.
2
(a)
2 12
1 1500 x x
M r = 3000 x − ( x ) = −20.83 x − 3000 x lb ⋅ ft ...................... Ans.
3
2 12 3
dVr
(b) = −125 x = 0 Solving yields: x=0
dx
Therefore, the maximum shear force occurs either at the beginning or end of the region:
Vx =0 = 3000 lb Vx =12 = −6000 lb
Vmax = Vx =12 = ( −6000 ) lb .................................................................................................... Ans.
dM r
= −62.5 x 2 + 3000 = 0 Solving yields: x = 6.928 ft
dx
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-38*
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 9 )( 4 ) + (15 × 2 )(1.5 ) − 3RA = 0 RA = 27.0 kN
4 ΣM A = 0 : 3RB + ( 9 )(1) − (15 × 2 )(1.5 ) = 0 RB = 12.0 kN
(a) Vr = −9 + 27 − 15 ( x − 0.5 ) = ( −15 x + 25.5 ) kN ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-39
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 500 )( 6 ) ( 7 ) + ( 800 )( 5 ) ( 2.5 ) − 10 RA = 0 RA = 1100 lb
− M r y − (1050 × 12 )( 3)
σ= = = −582 psi = 582 psi (C) ........................................... Ans.
I ( 64.9 )
M r (1050 × 12 )
(c) σ max = = = 778 psi (C, top; T bottom) .............................................. Ans.
S (16.2 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-40
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 3 × 2 )( 3) − 4 RA = 0 RA = 4.50 kN
4 ΣM A = 0 : 4 RB − ( 3 × 2 )(1) = 0 RB = 1.50 kN
(120 )( 60 ) ( 80 )( 20 ) ( 40 )(100 )
3 3 3
I= − + = 21.76 (106 ) mm 4
3 3 3
M 3 = RB (1) = (1.50 )(1) = 1.500 kN ⋅ m
At the top of the section ( y = +60 mm )
− M r y − (1500 )( 0.060 )
σ= = = −4.14 (106 ) N/m 2
I ( 21.76 ×10 )−6
− (1500 )( −0.100 )
σ= = +6.89 (106 ) N/m 2 = 6.89 MPa (T) .................................... Ans.
( 21.76 ×10 ) −6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-41*
10
1 10 πs −5000 π s 10, 000
RA = RB = ∫ 1000sin ds = cos = lb
2 0 10 π 10 0 π
x 10, 000 x πs
(a) Vr = RA − ∫ w ds = − ∫ 1000sin ds
0
π 0 10
x
10, 000 10, 000 π s 10, 000 π x
Vr = + cos = cos lb ............................... Ans.
π π 10 0 π 10
10, 000 x x πs
M r = RA x − ∫ w ( x − s ) ds = − ∫0 1000 ( x − s ) sin ds
x
0
π 10
x x x
10, 000 x 10, 000 x π s 100, 000 π s 10, 000 s π s
= + cos + sin − cos
π π 10 0 π 10 0 π 10 0
2
100, 000 π x π x
Mr = sin lb ⋅ ft = 10.13sin kip ⋅ ft ..................................... Ans.
π 10 10
2
10, 000
(b) Vmax = Vx =0 = Vx =10 = = 3183 lb ≅ 3.18 kip ........................................................ Ans.
π
100, 000
M max = M x =5 = = 10,132 lb ⋅ ft ≅ 10.13 kip ⋅ ft ............................................... Ans.
π2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-42*
∫ w ( 4 − s ) ds − 4R
4
4 ΣM B = 0 : A =0
0
1 4 π s
RA = ∫ ( 4 − s ) 25cos dx
4 0 8
4 4 4
200 π s 400 π s 50 s π s 400
= sin − 2 cos − sin = 2 kN
π 8 0 π 8 0 π 8 0 π
x
x 400 x πs 400 200 π s
(a) Vr = RA − ∫ w ds = 2 − ∫ 25cos ds = 2 − sin
0
π 0
8 π π 8 0
400 200 π x
Vr = 2 − sin kN .................................................................................... Ans.
π π 8
400 x x π s
M r = RA x − ∫ w ( x − s ) ds = 2 − ∫ ( x − s ) 25cos ds
x
0
π 0
8
x x x
400 x 200 π s 1600 π s 200s π s
= 2 − sin + 2 cos + sin
π π 8 0 π 8 0 π 8 0
400 ( x − 4 ) 1600 π x
Mr = + 2 cos kN ⋅ m ................................................................. Ans.
π 2
π 8
400
(b) Vmax = Vx =0 = = 40.5 kN .............................................................................................. Ans.
π2
dM r 400 200 π x
= 2 − sin =0 x = 1.7573 m
dx π π 8
M max = M x =1.7573 = 34.1 kN ⋅ m ........................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-43
w (10 − s ) ds − 10 RA = 0
10
4 ΣM B = 0 : ∫ 0
10
10 s 3 s 4
RA = ∫ (10 − s ) (10 s ) ds =
1 10 2
− = ( 833.3) lb
10 0 3 4 0
M r = RA x − ∫ w ( x − s ) ds = 833.3 x − ∫ 10 s 2 ( x − s ) ds
x x
0 0
M r = ( 833 x − 0.8333 x 4
) lb ⋅ ft ........................................................................................... Ans.
Vmax = Vx =10 = 833.3 − 3.333 (10 ) = −2500 lb ................................................................ Ans.
3
(b)
dM r
= 833.3 − 3.333x 3 = 0 x = 6.300 ft
dx
M max = M x =6.300 = 3.94 kip ⋅ ft ............................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-44
∫ w (8 − s ) ds − 8R
8
4 ΣM B = 0 : A =0
0
RA =
1 8
8 ∫0
( 64 − s 2
) ( 8 − s ) ds =
1 8 3
8 ∫0
( s − 8s 2 − 64s + 512 ) ds = 213.3 kN
x3
Vr = RA − ∫ w ds = 213.3 − ∫ ( 64 − s 2 ) ds = 213.3 − 64 x +
x x
(a)
0 0 3
Vr = 0.333 x 3 − 64.0 x + 213 kN ..................................................................................... Ans.
M r = RA x − ∫ w ( x − s ) ds = 213.3 x − ∫ ( 64 − s 2 ) ( x − s ) ds
x x
0 0
4 4
x x
= 213.3x − + + 32 x 2 − 64 x 2
4 3
M r = 0.0833 x 4 − 32.0 x 2 + 213 x kN ⋅ m ...................................................................... Ans.
dVr
(b) = x 2 − 64 = 0 x=8 m
dx
Therefore, the maximum shear force occurs
either at the beginning or end of the region:
Vx =0 = +213.3 kN Vx =8 = −128.0 kN
Vmax = Vx =0 = 213 kN ............................................................................................................ Ans.
dM r
= 0.3333 x 3 − 64.0 x + 213.3 = 0 x = 3.570 m
dx
M max = M x =3.570 = 367 kN ⋅ m ............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-45
4 ΣM B = 0 : (1000 )(10 ) ( 5 ) + 5 P − 10 RA = 0 RA = RB = ( 5000 + 0.5 P ) lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-46
4 ΣM A = 0 : 5RD − 5b = 0 RD = ( b ) kN
4 ΣM D = 0 : 5 ( 5 − b ) − 5 RA = 0 R A = ( 5 − b ) kN
( b + 0.25) m ≤ x ≤ 5 m M r = ( 5 − x ) b kN ⋅ m
(Note that for any position of the crane,
the maximum bending moment occurs
under the wheel closest to the center of
the beam.)
(b) M B = M x =(b −0.25) = ( 5 − b )( b − 0.25 )
M B = −b 2 + 5.25b − 1.25 kN ⋅ m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-47
RB = RC = wL 2 = (1200 )(15 ) 2 = 9000 lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-48
180
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 5 − d ) RC − (15 × 6 )( 2 ) = 0 RC = kN
5−d
90 ( 3 − d )
4 ΣM C = 0 : (15 × 6 )( 3 − d ) − ( 5 − d ) RB = 0 RA = kN
5−d
(a) 0 ≤ x ≤1 m M r = − (15 x )( x 2 ) = ( −7.5 x 2 ) kN ⋅ m
90 ( 3 − d )
1 m ≤ x ≤ (6 − d ) m M r = − (15 x )( x 2 ) + ( x − 1)
5−d
90 ( 3 − d )
M r = −7.5 x 2 + ( x − 1) kN ⋅ m
5−d
(6 − d ) m ≤ x ≤ 6 m M r = −15 ( 6 − x )( 6 − x ) 2
M r = −7.5 x 2 + 90 x − 270 kN ⋅ m
dM r 90 ( 3 − d ) 6 (3 − d )
1 m ≤ x ≤ (6 − d ) m = −15 x + =0 x= m
dx 5−d 5−d
Note that when d ≥ 2.6 m , this gives a location for the maximum bending moment which is outside the
range for which the bending moment equation is valid ( x ≤ 1.0 m ) . Furthermore, when d = 1.369 m , the
bending moment at the right support is greater than the internal maximum. Therefore, for d ≥ 1.369 m the
maximum bending moment in the region BC is the same as the maximum bending moment in the region CD.
180d 2 − 900d + 1080
M BC max = kN ⋅ m d ≤ 1.369 m
(5 − d )
2
M BC max = M CD max = −7.5d 2 kN ⋅ m d ≥ 1.369 m
M CD max = −7.5d 2 kN ⋅ m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-49*
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 2000 )(12 ) + ( 6000 )( 4 ) − 16 RA = 0
RA = 3000 lb ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
16 RD − ( 2000 )( 4 ) − ( 6000 )(12 ) = 0
RD = 5000 lb ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-50*
4 ΣM A = 0 :
(15)( 7.5) + ( 20 )( 2 ) − 5RC = 0
RC = 30.5 kN ↑
4 ΣM C = 0 :
5 RA + (15 )( 2.5 ) − ( 20 )( 3) = 0
RA = 4.50 kN ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-51
4 ΣM C = 0 :
( 2000 ×12 )(10 ) − (8000 )(8) − 16 RA = 0
RA = 11, 000 lb ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
16 RC − ( 2000 × 12 )( 6 ) − ( 8000 )( 24 ) = 0
RC = 21, 000 lb ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-52*
4 ΣM D = 0 :
(10 )( 7 ) + ( 20 )( 3) − (15)( 5 ) − 10 RA = 0
RA = 5.50 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
10 RD − (10 )( 3) − ( 20 )( 7 ) − (15 )(15 ) = 0
RD = 39.5 kN ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-53
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 300 × 5 )(13.5) − ( 400 × 5)( 2.5 ) + ( 2000 )( 7 ) − 11RB = 0
RB = 2659 lb ↑
4 ΣM B = 0 :
11RD + ( 300 × 5 )( 2.5 ) − ( 400 × 5 )(13.5 ) − ( 2000 )( 4 ) = 0
RD = 2841 lb ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-54
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 30 × 4 )( 2 ) + ( 20 )( 6 ) − 8RA = 0
RA = 45 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
8 RD − ( 20 )( 2 ) − ( 30 × 4 )( 6 ) = 0
RD = 95 kN ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-55*
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 250 ×10 )( 5) + (1500 )(15 ) + (1000 ) − 20 RA = 0
RA = 1800 lb ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
20 RD + (1000 ) − (1500 )( 5 ) − ( 250 × 10 )(15 ) = 0
RD = 2200 lb ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-56
4 ΣM D = 0 :
(10 )( 9 ) + (10 × 6 )( 3) − ( 20 )( 3) − 6 RB = 0
RB = 35 kN ↑
4 ΣM B = 0 :
6 RD + (10 )( 3) − (10 × 6 )( 3) − ( 20 )( 9 ) = 0
RD = 55 kN ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-57*
4 ΣM C = 0 : ( 400 ×10 )( 5) − (1000 )( 2 ) − 10 RB = 0
RB = 1800 lb ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : 10 RC − ( 400 × 10 )( 5 ) − (1000 )(12 ) = 0
RC = 3200 lb ↑
( 7 ) ( 6 )( 2 ) + ( 3) ( 2 )( 6 )
d=
( 6 )( 2 ) + ( 2 )( 6 )
= 5.00 in.
( 6 )( 3) ( 4 )(1) ( 2 )( 5)
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
= 136.0 in.4
From the moment diagram: M max = +4050 lb ⋅ ft , − 2000 lb ⋅ ft
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-58*
4 ΣM E = 0 :
( 3 × 2 )( 7 ) + ( 6 ) + ( 5 × 4 )( 2 ) + ( 3)( 2 ) − 6 RB = 0
RB = 15.667 kN ↑
4 ΣM B = 0 :
6 RE + ( 3 × 2 )(1) + ( 6 ) − ( 5 × 4 )( 4 ) − ( 3)( 4 ) = 0
RE = 13.333 kN ↑
From the moment diagram: M max = +16.357 kN ⋅ m , − 6 kN ⋅ m
From Table B-2 for a W102 × 19 section : S = 89.5 (103 ) mm3
(16.357 ) = +182.8 106 N/m 2
σ=
Mr
= ( )
S (89.5 ×10−6 )
σ = 182.8 MPa (T, bottom; C, top) ................................................................................. Ans.
Both stresses would be less at the section where M = −6 kN ⋅ m .
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-59
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 3)(17.5) + (10 )( 7.5) − ( 5)( 7.5) − 27.5RA = 0
RA = 3.2727 kip ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
27.5 RD − ( 3)(10 ) − (10 )( 20 ) − ( 5 )( 35 ) = 0
RD = 14.7272 kip ↑
12
At the top of the section y = 9 + 1 = 10 in. :
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-60
4 ΣM D = 0 : ( 30 × 4 )( 6 ) + ( 40 )( 2 ) − 8RA = 0
RA = 100 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : 8 RD − ( 30 × 4 )( 2 ) − ( 40 )( 6 ) = 0
RD = 60 kN ↑
From the moment diagram: M max = +166.67 kN ⋅ m
From Table B-6 for a C 254 × 45 channel : d = 2c = 254.0 mm
I X − X = 42.9 (106 ) mm 4
I = IC + I P
( 250 )( 25 )3
= 2 ( 42.9 × 10 ) + 2 + ( 250 × 25 )(139.5 )
6 2
12
= 329.4 (106 ) mm 4
At the top of the section y = c + 25 = 127 + 25 = 152 mm :
− M r y − (166.67 × 10 ) ( −0.152 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-61
4 ΣM B = 0 : (1000 ×12 )( 6 ) + ( 6000 )( 6 ) − 12 RA = 0
RA = RB = 9000 lb ↑
From the moment diagram: M max = +36 kip ⋅ ft
From Table B-11 for a WT 8 × 25 section :
d = 2c = 8.130 in. ytop = yC = 1.89 in.
I = 42.3 in.4 ybottom = − ( d − yC ) = −6.24 in.
− M r y − ( 36.0 × 12 )(1.89 )
σ top = = = −19.30 ksi
I ( 42.3)
σ top = 19.30 ksi (C) .............................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-62*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA − 3 = 0
RA = 3 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A + ( 4 ) − ( 3)( 2 ) = 0
M A = 2 kN ⋅ m 4
− ( −3000 )( −0.0542 )
σ bottom = = −139.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 139.0 MPa (C)
(1.17 ×10−6 )
At the section where M = +1.00 kN ⋅ m :
− (1000 )( 0.0154 )
σ top = = −13.16 (106 ) N/m 2 = 13.16 MPa (C)
(1.17 ×10 ) −6
− (1000 )( −0.0542 )
σ bottom = = +46.3 (106 ) N/m 2 = 46.3 MPa (T)
(1.17 ×10 ) −6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-63
4 ΣM C = 0 : (1.8)( 20 ) + ( 2.2 )(10 ) − 20 RA = 0
RA = RB = 2.90 kip ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-64*
4 ΣM D = 0 :
( 5)(1) + ( 5) + ( 5)( 3) − ( 5) + (8 ×1.5 )( 3.25) − 4 RA = 0
RA = 14.75 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
4 RD − ( 8 ×1.5 )( 0.75 ) − ( 5 )(1) − ( 5 ) + ( 5 ) − ( 5 )( 3) = 0
RD = 7.25 kN ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-65*
4 ΣM C = 0 : ( w )( 3L ) 2 ( L ) − 2 LRB = 0
RB = ( 3wL 4 ) ↑
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 2 L ) RC − ( w)( 3L ) 2 ( L ) = 0
RC = ( 3wL 4 ) ↑
The maximum moment occurs
where the shear force goes to zero,
3wL ( wx 3L )( x )
Vr = − =0
4 2
x = 3L 2 ≅ 2.121L
( w 3L )( 2.121L )
3
3wL
M 2.121L = (1.121L ) −
4 6
= 0.3107 wL 2
M 0.3107 w ( 5 × 12 )
2
σ= = ≤ 15 ksi
S 64.8
w≤
(15)( 64.8 ) = 0.869 kip/in. = 10.43 kip/ft ..................................................... Ans.
0.3107 ( 5 × 12 )
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-66
For the complete structure:
4 ΣM D = 0 : 3RC − ( 3)(1.5 ) − (1.5 × 3)(1.5 ) = 0
RC = 3.75 kN = 3.75 kN ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RD − ( 3) − (1.5 × 3) + ( 3.75 ) = 0
RD = 3.75 kN = 3.75 kN ↑
For the member AB:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : − ( 3) − VB = 0
VB = −3 kN = 3 kN ↑
4 ΣM B = 0 : M B + ( 3)(1.5 ) = 0
M B = −4.5 kN ⋅ m = 4.5 kN ⋅ m 3
For the member CD:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 3.75 ) − (1.5 × 3) − VC = 0
VC = −0.75 kN = 0.75 kN ↑
4 ΣM C = 0 : M C + (1.5 × 3)(1.5 ) − ( 3.75 )( 3) = 0
M C = +4.5 kN ⋅ m = 4.5 kN ⋅ m 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-67*
(a) For pipe AB:
4 ΣM A = 0 : 64 By − (16 )( 27.5 ) − ( 48 )( 27.5 ) = 0
By = 27.5 lb ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 27.5 − 27.5 + 27.5 = 0
Ay = 27.5 lb ↑
From the moment diagram: M max = 440 lb ⋅ in.
From Table B-13 for a 1
2 -in. diameter pipe: S = 0.041 in.3
Therefore
M 440
σ= = = 10, 732 psi
S 0.041
σ ≅ 10.73 ksi (T, bottom; C top) ...................................................................................... Ans.
(b) By = FBC sin θ θ = tan −1 ( 35 64 ) = 28.673°
FBC = By sin θ = 27.5 sin 28.673° = 57.314 lb
FBC 57.314
σ BC = = = 2076 psi ≅ 2.08 ksi (T) .......................................................... Ans.
ABC 0.02761
(c) → ΣFx = 0 : Ax − 57.314 cos 28.673° = 0
Ax = +50.29 lb = 50.29 lb →
AA = π (1 4 ) 4 = 0.04909 in.2
2
FA 57.32
τA = = = 584 psi ............................................................................................ Ans.
AA 0.04909
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-68
4 ΣM D = 0 : 1.5 RE − ( 40 )(1.5 ) 2 ( 2.5 ) = 0 RE = 50 kN ↑
− ( 40 )( 2 ) (1) + ( 20 )( 3) = 0
RC = −35 kN = 35 kN ↓
(a) Shear force and bending moment graphs are shown
to the right.
(b) From the moment diagram: M max = −90 kN ⋅ m
From Table B-4 for an S 457 × 81 section : S = 1465 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-69
4 ΣM B = 0 :
( 4050 )( 40 − x ) + (1010 )( 30.5 − x ) − 40 RA = 0
RA = ( 4820 − 126.5 x ) lb ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 :
40 RB − ( 4050 )( x ) − (1010 )( x + 9.5 ) = 0
RB = ( 239.9 + 126.5 x ) lb ↑
Note that the maximum moment occurs under one of the wheels –
probably under the rear wheels ( C ) but possibly under the front
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-70*
(a) P = mg = 1500 ( 9.81) = 14, 715 N = 14.715 kN
4 ΣM B = 0 : P (10 − x ) − RA (10 ) = 0
RA = ( P − 0.1Px ) kN
4 ΣM A = 0 : RB (10 ) − Px = 0
RB = ( 0.1Px ) kN
(b) M = RA x = ( Px − 0.1Px 2 ) kN ⋅ m
dM
= P − 0.2 Px = 0
dx
x = 5.00 m ............................................................... Ans.
M max = M 5 = (14.715 )( 5 ) − 0.1(14.715 )( 5 ) = 36.8 kN ⋅ m
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-71
For the combined system of beams:
4 ΣM H = 0 : 22.5 (10 ) − 37.5 RA = 0
RA = 6.00 kip = 6.00 kip ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : 37.5 RH − 15 (10 ) = 0
RH = 4.00 kip = 4.00 kip ↑
For the beam ABD:
4 ΣM D = 0 : 5TBC − 15 ( 6 ) = 0
TBC = 18.00 kip = 18.00 kip (T)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 6.00 − 18.00 − 10 + RD = 0
RD = 22.00 kip = 22.00 kip ↑
For the beam EGH:
4 ΣM E = 0 : 15 ( 4 ) − 5TFG = 0
TFG = 12.00 kip = 12.00 kip (T)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 4.00 − 12.00 + RE = 0
RE = 8.00 kip = 8.00 kip ↑
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-72*
4 ΣM C = 0 : (10 )( 2 ) − 4 RB = 0 RB = 5 kN = 5 kN ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 5 − VA = 0 VA = 5.00 kN = 5.00 kN ↓
(150 )( 200 )
3
I= = 100.0 (106 ) mm 4
12
Qa = 0 τ a = 0 MPa ........................................ Ans.
Qb = yC A = 75 (150 × 50 ) = 562.5 (103 ) mm3
VQ ( 5000 ) ( 562.5 × 10 )
−6
VQ ( 5000 ) ( 750.0 × 10 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-73*
( 8)(12 ) ( 4 )(8 )
3 3
I= − = 981.3 in.4
12 12
(a) Q2 = yC A = 5 ( 8 × 2 ) = 80.0 in 3
VQ ( 7000 )( 80.0 )
τ= = = 142.7 psi .............................. Ans.
It ( 981.3)( 4 )
(b) Q3 = yC A = 5 ( 8 × 2 ) + 3.5 ( 4 × 1) = 94.0 in 3
VQ ( 7000 )( 94.0 )
τ= = = 167.6 psi ................................................................................ Ans.
It ( 981.3)( 4 )
(c) QNA = 5 ( 8 × 2 ) + 2 ( 4 × 4 ) = 112.0 in 3
VQ ( 7000 )(112.0 )
τ max = = = 199.7 psi (at neutral axis) .......................................... Ans.
It ( 981.3)( 4 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-74
4 ΣM C = 0 : ( 25)( 3) + ( 25 )(1) − 5RB = 0
RB = 20.0 kN = 20.0 kN ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 20 − 25 − VA = 0
VA = −5.00 kN = 5.00 kN ↑
From Table B-2 for a W 254 × 89 section : I = 142 (106 ) mm 4
d = 2c = 260 mm tw = 10.7 mm
w f = 256 mm t f = 17.3 mm
(a) QNA = yC A = 121.35 ( 256 ×17.3) + 56.35 (112.7 × 10.7 ) = 605.4 (103 ) mm3
VQ ( 5000 ) ( 605.4 × 10 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-75*
RB = RC = (1000 × 8 ) 2 = 4000 lb ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 4000 − (1000 × 2 ) − Vr = 0
Vr = 2000 lb
From Table B-11 for a WT 7 × 34 section : d = 7.020 in.
ts = 0.415 in. I = 32.6 in.4 yC = 1.29 in.
Q3 = yC A = 2.865 ( 5.73 × 0.415 ) = 6.813 in 3
VQ ( 2000 )( 6.813)
τ= = = 1007 psi (at neutral axis) ................................................ Ans.
It ( 32.6 )( 0.415)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-76
(180 )( 200 ) (140 )(120 )
3 3
I= − = 99.84 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
QJ = yC A = 80 ( 40 ×180 ) = 576 (103 ) mm3
VQ (10,500 ) ( 576 × 10 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-77
4 ΣM C = 0 : −8 RB − 3 ( 4000 ) = 0
RB = −1500 lb = 1500 lb ↓
↑ ΣFy = 0 : −1500 − VA = 0
VA = −1500 lb = 1500 lb ↑
From Table B-1 for a W10 × 30 section : I = 170 in.4
d = 2c = 10.47 in. tw = 0.300 in.
w f = 5.810 in. t f = 0.510 in.
VQ (1517 )(18.105 )
τ max = = = 539 psi (at neutral axis) ........................................... Ans.
It (170 )( 0.300 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-78*
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A − 2 ( 20 ) = 0
M A = 40.0 kN ⋅ m 4
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA − 20 = 0
RA = 20 kN = 20 kN ↑
From Table B-2 for a W 203 × 60 section :
d = 2c = 210 mm tw = 9.1 mm
w f = 205 mm t f = 14.2 mm
I = 60.8 (106 ) mm 4 S = 582 (103 ) mm3
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax = 20 kN (full length of the beam)
M max = 40.0 kN ⋅ m (at the wall)
( 40, 000 ) = 68.7 106 N/m 2
σ max =
Mr
= ( )
S ( 582 ×10−6 )
σ max = 68.7 MPa (T, top; C bottom) .....................................Ans.
QNA = yC A = 97.9 ( 205 × 14.2 ) + 45.4 ( 90.8 × 9.1) = 322.5 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-79*
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 1160 lb M max = 1346 lb ⋅ ft
bh3 ( 2 )( 6 ) ( 2 )( 3)
3 3
I= = + = 40.5 in.4
12 12 12
(a) At the bottom of the beam 2.32 ft from the left support:
− M r y − (1346 × 12 )( −3)
σ max = = = +1196 psi
I ( 40.5)
σ max = 1196 psi (T) ...................................................... Ans.
(b) At the left support:
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-80
4 ΣM B = 0 : 9 + 2.5 ( 6 ) + 0.5 ( 6 ) − 3RA = 0
RA = 9.0 kN ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 9 − 6 − 6 + RB = 0
RB = 3.0 kN ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax = 9.0 kN M max = 10.5 kN ⋅ m
(100 )( 240 )
3
I= = 115.2 (106 ) mm 4
12
(a) QJ = yC A = 95 (100 × 50 ) = 475 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-81
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 250 )( 4 ) 2 ( 2 ) − 4 RA = 0
RA = RB = 250 lb ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax = 250 lb M max = 333.3 lb ⋅ ft
bh3 ( 8 )( 0.5 )
3
I= = = 0.08333 in.4
12 12
M c ( 333.3 × 12 )( 0.25 )
σ max = r = = 11,999 psi
I ( 0.08333)
σ max ≅ 12.00 ksi (T, bottom; C, top) ........................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-82*
RA = RB = ( 4 × 6 ) 2 = 12.0 kN ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax = 12.0 kN V0.5 = 12.0 − 4 ( 0.5 ) = 10.0 kN
M max = 18.0 kN ⋅ m V1.0 = 12.0 − 4 (1) = 8.0 kN
I NA = −
3 3
( 250 )(106.82 ) ( 200 )( 56.82 )
3 3
+ − = 209.1(106 ) mm 4
3 3
(a) QTJ = yC A = 81.82 ( 250 × 50 ) = 1022.8 (103 ) mm3
VQ ( 8000 ) (1022.8 × 10 )
−6
τ TJ = =
It ( 209.1×10−6 ) ( 0.050 )
τ TJ = 783 (103 ) N/m 2 = 783 kPa ......................................Ans.
(b) QBJ = 118.18 (150 × 50 ) = 886.4 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-83
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 200 × 6 )( 6 ) − ( 600 )( 3) − 9 RA = 0
RA = 600 lb = 600 lb ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : ( 600 ) − ( 200 × 6 ) + RB − 600 = 0
RB = 1200 = 1200 lb ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = ±600 lb M max = ±900 lb ⋅ ft
( 5)( 6 ) ( 3)( 4 )
3 3
I= − = 74.0 in.4
12 12
(a) QJ = yC A = 2.5 ( 5 × 1) = 12.5 in 3
VQ ( 600 )(12.5 )
τJ = = = 50.7 psi ................................. Ans.
It ( 74.0 )( 2 )
(b) QNA = 2.5 ( 5 ×1) + 2 1( 2 × 1) = 16.5 in 3
τ max =
( 600 )(16.5 ) = 66.9 psi (at NA) .......................... Ans.
( 74.0 )( 2 )
M c ( 900 × 12 )( 3)
(c) σ max = r = = 438 psi
I ( 74.0 )
σ max = 438 psi (T & C) ....................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-84
RA = RB = ( 4.5w ) 2 = ( 2.25w ) N ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams
Vmax = ( 2.25w ) N M max = ( 2.53w ) N ⋅ m
(150 )( 300 )
3
I= = 337.5 (106 ) mm 4
12
QNA = yC A = 75 (150 × 150 ) = 1687.5 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-85*
RA = RB = 1000 2 = 500 lb = 500 lb ↑
V = constant = 500 lb
( 6 )(12 ) ( 4 )(8)
3 3
I= − = 693.3 in.4
12 12
(a) QJ = yC A = 5 ( 6 × 2 ) = 60.0 in 3
VQ ( 500 )( 60.0 )
τJ = = = 21.636 psi
It ( 693.3)( 2 )
FJ = τ J AJ = ( 21.636 )(12 × 2 ) = 519.3 lb
FJ ≅ 519 lb ........................................................................... Ans.
(b) N = FJ FN = 519.3 100 = 5.19 nails s = 12 5.19 = 2.13 in.
Use 6 nails spaced 2 in. apart in a 12-in. length. ......................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-86*
From Table B-6 for a C 457 × 86 channel :
I = 7.41(106 ) mm 4 A = 11, 030 mm 2
xC = 21.9 mm tw = 17.8 mm
For the beam:
τ NA = =
( 25.40 ×10−6 ) ( 0.4572 )
(a)
It
= 60 (106 ) N/m 2
FB 28,540
(b) τ= =
AB π d 4
2
d = 0.02461 m = 24.61 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-87
From Table B-1 for a W18 × 97 section : I = 1750 in.4
d = 2c = 18.59 in. w f = 11.145 in.
12
QJ = yC A = 9.545 (10 × 0.50 ) = 47.73 in 3
VQ (115 )( 47.73)
τJ = = = 0.2063 ksi = 206.3 psi
It ( 2661)(10 )
FJ = τ J AJ = ( 206.3)( 20 ×10 ) = 41, 260 lb
FJ 41, 260
N= = = 8.596
FW 2 ( 2400 )
Use 5 welds on each side. .................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-88
RA = RB = 125 2 = 62.5 kN ↑ V = constant = 62.5 kN
From Table B-6 for a C 305 × 45 channel : I = 67.4 (106 ) mm 4
d = 2c = 304.8 mm w f = 80.5 mm
12
+ 2 ( 67.4 × 106 ) = 334.4 (106 ) mm 4
94.248
s= = 0.809 m = 809 mm ...................................................................................... Ans.
116.55
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-89*
RA = RB = 125 2 = 62.5 kip = 62.5 kip ↑ V = constant = 62.5 kip
From Table B-1 for a W 21× 101 section : I = 2420 in.4
d = 2c = 21.36 in. w f = 12.290 in.
For the beam:
(16 )( 0.75 )3
I = 2420 + 2 + (16 × 0.75 )(11.055 ) = 5354 in.4
2
12
QJ = yC A = 11.055 (16 × 0.75 ) = 132.66 in 3
VQ ( 62,500 )(132.66 )
τJ = = = 126.01 psi
It ( 5354 )(12.290 )
FJ = τ J AJ = (126.01)(12.290 s ) = (1548.6 s ) lb
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-90
RA = RB = 96 2 = 48 kN ↑ V = constant = 48 kN
From Table B-6 for a C 381× 74 channel : I = 4.58 (106 ) mm 4
A = 9485 mm 2 xC = 20.3 mm tw = 18.2 mm
From Table B-2 for a W 356 × 122 section : I = 367 (106 ) mm 4
A = 15,550 mm 2 d = 2c = 363 mm w f = 257 mm
For the beam:
M x ( 360.9 )( 9485 ) + (181.5 )(15,550 )
d= = = 249.5 mm
A ( 9485) + (15,550 )
I = 367 (106 ) + 15,550 ( 68 ) + 4.58 (106 ) + 9485 (111.4 ) = 561.2 (106 ) mm 4
2 2
QJ = 111.4 ( 9485 ) = 1056.6 (103 ) mm3
= 60 (106 ) N/m 2
FB 22,593
(b) τ= = d = 0.02190 m
AB π d 4
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-91
(8)(12 ) ( 4 )(8)
3 3
I= − = 981.33 in.4
12 12
−4 in. ≤ y ≤ +4 in. : t = 4 in.
(4 + y)
Q = yC A = 5 ( 8 × 2 ) + 2 ( 2 )( 4 − y ) = (112 − 2 y 2 ) in.3
2
VQ ( 7500 ) (116 − 2 y )
2
τ= =
It ( 981.33)( 4 )
= 3.8213 ( 56 − y 2 ) psi
−6 in. ≤ y ≤ −4 in. and 4 in. ≤ y ≤ 6 in. :
t = 8 in.
(6 + y)
Q = yC A = ( 8)( 6 − y )
2
= (144 − 4 y 2 ) in.3
τ=
It
=
( 981.33)(8 )
( 2
)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-92
4 ΣM B = 0 : ( 3 × 2 )( 3) − 4 RA = 0
RA = 4.5 kN
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 4.5 − ( 3 × .5 ) − Vr = 0
Vr = 3.0 kN
I= + −
3 3 3
= 37.89 (106 ) mm 4
−137.5 mm ≤ y ≤ +62.5 mm : t = 25 mm
137.5 + y
Q = yC A = ( 25)(137.5 − y ) = 12.5 (137.52 − y 2 ) mm3
2
τ= =
It ( 37.89 ×10−6 ) ( 0.025)
= 39.59 (137.52 − y 2 ) N/m 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-93
M x (1) ( 6 )( 2 ) + ( 2 ) ( 4 )(1) + ( 2 ) ( 4 )(1)
d= = = 1.400 in.
A ( 6 )( 2 ) + ( 4 )(1) + ( 4 )(1)
( 8)(1.4 ) ( 6 )( 0.6 ) (1)( 2.6 ) (1)( 2.6 )
3 3 3 3
I= + + + = 19.467 in.4
3 3 3 3
By symmetry, each support carries half the total load
RA = RB = ( 360 × 18 ) 2 = 3240 lb ↑
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 3240 − ( 360 × 2 ) − Vr = 0
Vr = 2520 lb
−1.4 in. ≤ y ≤ +0.6 in. : t = 8 in.
(1.4 + y )
Q = yC A = (8)(1.4 − y )
2
= 4 (1.42 − y 2 ) in.3
τ= =
It (19.467 )(8 )
= 64.725 (1.42 − y 2 ) psi
+0.6 in. ≤ y ≤ +2.6 in. t = 2 in.
( 2.6 + y )
Q = yC A = 2 (1)( 2.6 − y )
2
= ( 2.62 − y 2 ) in.3
VQ ( 2520 ) ( 2.6 − y )
2 2
τ= =
It (19.467 )( 2 )
= 64.725 ( 2.62 − y 2 ) psi
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-94*
4 ΣM B = 0 : 2 RC − ( 20 )(1.4 ) = 0
RC = 14.0 kN
↑ ΣFy = 0 : VA + (14 ) = 0
VA = −14 kN = 14 kN ↓
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M A + (14 )( 0.6 ) = 0
M A = +8.40 kN ⋅ m
( 80 )(120 ) ( 75)(100 )
3 3
I= − = 5.270 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
− M r y − ( 8400 )( −0.050 )
σA = = = +79.70 (106 ) N/m 2 = 79.70 MPa (T)
I ( 5.270 ×10 )
−6
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
79.70 + 0 79.70 − 0
2
= ± + ( 23.38 )
2
2 2
= 39.85 ± 46.20 MPa
σ p1 = 39.85 + 46.20 = 86.05 MPa ≅ 86.1 MPa (T) ....................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 39.85 − 46.20 = −6.350 MPa ≅ 6.35 MPa (C) .................................................. Ans.
1 2τ xy 1 2 ( 23.38 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = +15.20°, − 74.80° ........................ Ans.
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 79.70 ) − ( 0 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-95*
↑ ΣFy = 0 : VA − 50 = 0 VA = +50 kip = +50 kip ↑
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M A − ( 50 )( 40 ) = 0 M A = −2000 kip ⋅ in.
I= −= 1073.2 in.4
12 12
− M r y − ( 2000 )( 6.5 )
σA = = = +12.113 ksi = 12.113 ksi (T)
I (1073.2 )
QA = yC A = 7 (10 ×1) = 70.0 in 3
VQ ( 50.0 )( 70.0 )
τ= = = 6.523 ksi
It (1073.2 )( 0.5 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
12.113 + 0 12.113 − 0
2
2 2
σ p1 = 6.057 + 8.901 = 14.958 ksi ≅ 14.96 ksi (T) ......................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-96
RB = RC = 0.5 P
On a section through A: VA = ( 0.5 P ) N ↓
M A = ( 0.5 P ) N ⋅ m
I= − = 364.5 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
− M r y − ( 0.5P )( −0.150 )
σA = = = ( 205.8 P ) N/m 2
I ( 364.5 ×10 )−6
τA = = = ( 92.88 P ) N/m 2
It ( 364.5 ×10 ) ( 0.015)
−6
205.8 P + 0 205.8 P − 0
2
σ max = σ p1 = + + ( 92.88P )
2
2 2
= 241.52 P ≤ 120 (106 ) N/m 2 P ≤ 497 (103 ) N
205.8P − 0
2
2
P ≤ 541(103 ) N
Therefore Pmax = 497 kN .......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-97
4 ΣM C = 0 : 3P − 8 RB = 0 RB = 0.375 P lb
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 0.375P − VA = 0 VA = 0.375 P lb
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M A − ( 0.375P )( 2 ) = 0 M A = 0.75 P lb ⋅ ft
( 6 )( 8) ( 4 )( 6 )
3 3
I= − = 184.0 in.4
12 12
−M r y − ( 0.75P × 12 )( +2 )
σA = = = −0.09783 psi
I (184.0 )
QA = yC A = 3.5 ( 6 × 1) + 2 2.5 (1× 1) = 26.0 in 3
VQ ( 0.375 P )( 26.0 )
τ= = = 0.02649 P psi
It (184.0 )( 2 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
−0.09783 + 0 −0.09783 − 0
2
= ± + ( 0.02649 P )
2
2 2
= −0.04892 P ± 0.05563P psi
σ p1 = −0.04892 P + 0.05563P psi = +0.00671P psi (T)
σ p 2 = −0.04892 P − 0.05563P psi = −0.10455P psi ≤ −400 psi
from which: P ≤ 3826 lb
Since σ p1 and σ p2 have opposite signs:
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-98*
From Table B-2 for a W 610 × 155 section :
I = 1290 (106 ) mm 4 d = 2c = 611 mm tw = 12.7 mm
S = 4230 (103 ) mm3 w f = 324 mm t f = 19.1 mm
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA − (160 × 3) = 0
RA = +480 kN = 480 kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A − (160 × 3)(1.5 ) = 0
M A = +720 kN ⋅ m = 720 kN ⋅ m 4
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 480 kN M max = 720 kN ⋅ m
At the top of the beam (at the support):
σ max =
M
=
( 720 × 103 )
= 170.21(106 ) N/m 2 = 170.21 MPa (T)
S ( 4230 ×10−6 )
τ max = σ max 2 = 170.21 2 = 85.11 MPa
At the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
QJ = yC A = 296 ( 324 × 19.1) = 1832 (103 ) mm3
My ( 720 × 10 ) ( 0.2864 )
3
159.85 + 0 159.85 − 0
2
2 2
τ max = τ p = 96.27 MPa
At the neutral axis (at the support):
QNA = 296 ( 324 × 19.1) + 143.2 ( 286.4 × 12.7 ) = 2353 (103 ) mm3
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
σ max = 176.2 MPa (T) .......................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = 96.3 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-99*
From Table B-1 for a W18 × 60 section :
I = 984 in.4 d = 2c = 18.24 in. tw = 0.415 in.
S = 108 in. 3
w f = 7.555 in. t f = 0.695 in.
From symmetry:
RA = RB = 36 2 = 16 kip = 16 kip ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 18 kip M max = 180 kip ⋅ ft
At the bottom of the beam (at midspan):
M (180 × 12 )
σ max = = = +20.0 ksi = 20.0 ksi (T)
S (108 )
τ max = σ max 2 = 20.0 2 = 10.00 ksi
At the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
QJ = yC A = 8.773 ( 7.555 × 0.695 ) = 46.06 in.3
− My − (180 ×12 )( −8.425 )
σ= = = +18.494 ksi
I ( 984 )
VQ (18 )( 46.06 )
τ= = = 2.030 ksi
It ( 984 )( 0.415 )
18.494 + 0 18.494 − 0
2
σ max = σ p1 = ± + ( 2.030 )
2
2 2
= 9.247 + 9.467 = 18.71 ksi
τ max = τ p = 9.467 ksi
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
QNA = 8.773 ( 7.555 × 0.695 ) + 4.213 ( 8.425 × 0.415 ) = 60.79 in.3
σ max = τ max =
(18)( 60.79 ) = 2.680 ksi
( 984 )( 0.415)
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces (at midspan):
σ max = 20.0 ksi (T, bottom; C, top) ................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-100
↑ ΣFy = 0 : RA − P = 0
RA = + ( P ) N = ( P ) N ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : M A − 3P = 0
M A = + ( 3P ) N ⋅ m = ( 3P ) N ⋅ m 4
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = ( P ) N M max = ( 3P ) N ⋅ m
From Table B-2 for a W 305 × 97 section : d = 2c = 308 mm
I = 222 (106 ) mm 4 tw = 9.9 mm
S = 1440 (103 ) mm3 w f = 305 mm t f = 15.4 mm
At the top of the beam (at the support):
M ( 3P ) = 2083P N/m 2 σ max 2083P
= (1042 P ) N/m 2
σ max = = ( ) τ max = =
S (1440 ×10−6 ) 2 2
At the junction of the flange and the web (at the support):
QJ = yC A = 146.3 ( 305 ×15.4 ) = 687.1(103 ) mm3
My ( 3P )( 0.1386 )
σ= = = (1873P ) N/m 2
I ( 222 × 10 −6
)
VQ ( P ) ( 687.1×10−6 )
τ= = = ( 312.6 P ) N/m 2
It ( 222 × 10−6 ) ( 0.0099 )
1873P + 0 1873P − 0
2
2 2
1873P − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at the support):
QNA = 146.3 ( 305 ×15.4 ) + 69.3 (138.6 × 9.9 ) = 782.3 (103 ) mm3
( P ) ( 782.3 ×10−6 )
σ max = τ max = = ( 356 P ) N/m 2
( 222 ×10 ) ( 0.0099 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-101
From symmetry:
RA = RB = P 2 = ( 0.5 P ) kip ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = ( 0.5 P ) kip
M max = ( 4.5P ) kip ⋅ ft = ( 54 P ) kip ⋅ in.
0.3930 P + 0 0.3930 P − 0
2
2 2
0.3930 P − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
QNA = 11.575 ( 7.040 × 0.590 ) + 5.64 (11.28 × 0.430 ) = 75.43 in.3
( 0.5P )( 75.43) = 0.05659 P ksi
σ max = τ max = ( )
(1550 )( 0.430 )
Therefore:
σ max = ( 0.4122 P ) ksi ≤ 18 ksi P ≤ 43.7 kip
τ max = ( 0.2061P ) ksi ≤ 10 ksi P ≤ 48.5 kip
Pmax = 43.7 kip ....................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-102*
(a) RA = RB = 700 2 = 350 kN ↑
Vmax = 350 kN M max = ( 350 ×1.5 ) = 525 kN ⋅ m
From Table B-2 for a W 356 × 179 section : d = 2c = 368 mm
I = 574 (10 6
) mm 4
S = 3115 (103 ) mm3
tw = 15.0 mm w f = 373 mm t f = 23.9 mm
At the bottom of the beam (at midspan):
σ max =
M
=
( 525 ×103 )
= 168.54 (106 ) N/m 2 = 168.54 MPa (T)
S ( 3115 × 10−6 )
τ max = σ max 2 = 168.54 2 = 84.27 MPa
At the junction of the bottom flange and the web (at midspan):
QJ = yC A = 172.05 ( 373 × 23.9 ) = 1533.8 (103 ) mm3
τ= = ( ) 6 2
= 62.35 MPa
It ( 574 ×10−6 ) ( 0.0150 )
146.43 + 0 146.43 − 0
2
2 2
146.43 − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
QNA = 172.05 ( 373 × 23.9 ) + 80.05 (160.1×15 ) = 1726.0 (103 ) mm3
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
σ max = 169.4 MPa (T & C) ................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = 96.2 MPa .................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-102 (cont.)
146.43 + 0 146.43 − 0
2
2 2
146.43 − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces at midspan:
σ max = 168.5 MPa (T, bottom; C, top) ............................................................................ Ans.
τ max = 84.3 MPa ..................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-103
(a) RA = RB = 160 2 = 80 kip ↑
Vmax = 80 kip M max = ( 80 × 4 ) = 320 kip ⋅ ft
From Table B-1 for a W14 × 120 section :
I = 1380 in.4 S = 190 in.3
d = 2c = 14.48 in. t f = 0.940 in.
tw = 0.590 in. w f = 14.67 in.
At the bottom of the beam (at midspan):
M ( 320 ×12 ) σ max 20.21
σ max = = = 20.21 ksi (T) τ max = = = 10.11 ksi
S (190 ) 2 2
At the junction of the bottom flange and the web (at midspan):
QJ = yC A = 6.77 (14.67 × 0.940 ) = 93.36 in.3
− My − ( 320 ×112 )( −6.30 )
σ= = = 17.53 ksi (T)
I (1380 )
τ=
VQ
=
( 80 )( 93.36 ) = 9.173 ksi
It (1380 )( 0.590 )
17.530 + 0 17.530 − 0
2
2 2
17.530 − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
QNA = 6.77 (14.67 × 0.940 ) + 3.15 ( 6.30 × 0.590 ) = 105.07 in.3
σ max = τ max =
(80 )(105.07 ) = 10.324 ksi
(1380 )( 0.590 )
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the junction of the flange and the web (at midspan):
σ max = 21.5 ksi (T & C) ...................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-103 (cont.)
(b) RA = RA = 80 2 = 40 kip ↑
Vmax = 40 kip
M max = ( 40 × 8 ) = 320 kip ⋅ ft
At the bottom of the beam (at midspan):
M ( 320 ×12 ) σ max 20.21
σ max = = = 20.21 ksi (T) τ max = = = 10.11 ksi
S (190 ) 2 2
At the junction of the bottom flange and the web (at midspan):
− ( 320 × 12 )( −6.30 ) ( 40 )( 93.36 ) = 4.587 ksi
σ= = 17.53 ksi (T) τ=
(1380 ) (1380 )( 0.590 )
17.530 + 0 17.530 − 0
2
2 2
17.530 − 0
2
2
At the neutral axis (at midspan):
σ max = τ max =
( 40 )(105.07 ) = 5.162 ksi
(1380 )( 0.590 )
Therefore, the maximum stresses occur at the top and bottom surfaces at midspan:
σ max = 20.2 ksi (T & C) ...................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = 10.11 ksi ...................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-104*
( 90 )( 90 ) ( 60 )( 30 ) ( 30 )(150 )
3 3 3
IZ = Iz = − + = 55.08 (106 ) mm 4
3 3 3
( 60 )( 90 ) (180 )( 30 )
3 3
IY = I y = + = 4.05 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
M ry = −20sin10° = −3.473 kN ⋅ m
M rz = −20 cos10° = −19.696 kN ⋅ m
M rY I Z ( −3.473)( 55.08 )
(a) tan β = = = +2.398
M rZ IY ( −19.696 )( 4.05 )
β = +67.36° = 67.36° 3 .........................................Ans.
(b) At point A ( y = −150 mm and z = +15 mm ):
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-105*
( 4 )( 6 ) ( 3)( 4 )
3 3
IZ = Iz = − = 56.0 in 4
12 12
( 2 )( 4 ) ( 4 )(1)
3 3
IY = I y = + = 11.0 in.4
12 12
M ry = 10sin 36.87° = 6.00 kip ⋅ in.
M rz = −10 cos 36.87° = −8.00 kip ⋅ in.
(a) tan β =
M rY I Z
=
( 6.00 )( 56.0 ) = −3.818
M rZ IY ( −8.00 )(11.0 )
β = −75.32° = 75.32° 4 .............................................................................................. Ans.
(b) At point A ( y = +3 in. and z = +2 in. ):
− M rZ YA M rY Z A − ( −8.00 )( 3) ( 6.00 )( +2 )
σA = + = +
IZ IY ( 56.0 ) (11.0 )
σ A = +1.519 ksi = 1.519 ksi (T) ................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-106
(a) At point A ( y = −90 mm and z = +85 mm ):
(b) tan β =
I yz
=
( −6.05) = −1.5050
Iy ( 4.02 )
β = −56.40° = 56.40° 4 ...........................................................Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-107
(a) At point A ( y = + + 5.63 in. and z = +2.37 in. ):
I y y − I yz z
σA = − 2
M rz
I y I z − I yz
( 89.0 )( +5.63) − ( 52.5 )( +2.37 )
= − ( −7.50 ×12 )
(89.0 )(89.0 ) − ( 52.5)
2
σ A = +6.56 ksi = 6.56 ksi (T) ................................... Ans.
(b) tan β =
I yz
=
( 52.5) = +0.5899
Iy (89.0 )
β = +30.54° = 30.54° 3 .............................................................................................. Ans.
(c) At point B ( y = −2.37 in. and z = +2.37 in. ):
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-108*
(180 )( 90 ) ( 90 )(180 )
3 3
I yz = = −3.645 (106 ) mm 4
72
(a) At point A ( y = +60 mm and z = −60 mm ):
I y y − I yz z
σA = − 2
M rz
I y I z − I yz
( 3.645 )( +60 ) − ( −3.645 )( −60 ) 10−9
−12 (
= − 2
−2000 )
( 3.645 )(14.580 ) − ( −3.645 ) 10
σ A = 0 N/m 2 = 0 MPa ........................................................Ans.
(b) tan β =
I yz
=
( −3.645) = −1.000
Iy ( 3.645)
β = −45.00° = 45.00° 4 .............................................................................................. Ans.
(c) At point B ( y = −120 mm and z = +30 mm ):
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-109*
( 6 )(1.5) ( 4 )( 0.5) ( 2 )( 2.5 )
3 3 3
Iy = + + = 17.33 in.4
3 3 3
( 2 )( 3.5 ) ( 4 )( 2.5 ) ( 2 )( 0.5 )
3 3 3
Iz = + − = 49.33 in.4
3 3 3
I yz = ( 2 × 4 )(1.5 )( 0.5 ) + ( 2 × 4 )( −1.5 )( −0.5 ) = 12.00 in.4
(b) tan β =
I yz
=
(12.00 ) = +0.6924
Iy (17.33)
β = +34.70° = 34.70° 3 ..................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) At point B ( y = +3.50 in. and z = −0.50 in. ):
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-110
( 50 )( 300 ) ( 300 )( 50 )
3 3
1750.2 − 1333.3
∆σ = (100 ) = 31.3% .............................................................................. Ans.
1333.3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-111
− M rZ Y M rY Z hb3 bh3
σ= + IY = IZ =
IZ IY 12 12
M rY = M sin α M rZ = − M cos α
− ( M cos α )( −h 2 ) ( M sin α )( b 2 ) = 6M
σ max = + ( b cos α + h sin α )
( bh 3
12 ) ( hb 3
12 ) b2 h2
dσ max 6 M
= 2 2 ( −b sin α + h cos α ) = 0
dα bh
b sin α = h cos α
h 12
α = tan −1 = tan −1 = 63.43° .................................................................................. Ans.
b 6
For σ = 2000 psi :
( 6 ) (12 ) ( 2000 )
2 2
b 2 h 2σ
M= =
6 ( b cos α + h sin α ) 6 ( 6 cos 63.43° + 12sin 63.43° )
M = 128.8 (103 ) lb ⋅ in. = 128.8 kip ⋅ in. .................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-112*
A = (140 )( 20 ) + (120 )( 20 ) + ( 80 )( 20 ) = 6800 mm 2
( 20 )(140 ) (120 )( 20 ) ( 20 )( 70 )
3 3 3
Iy = + +
12 12 3
( 20 )(10 )
3
3
(140 )(80 ) (120 )( 60 ) ( 80 )( 80 )
3 3 3
Iz = − +
3 3 3
( 60 )( 60 )
3
3
I yz = 0 − ( 60 × 20 )( 70 )( 40 ) − ( 6800 )( 7.06 )(12.36 ) = −3.95 (106 ) mm 4
σ A = −946.1( 72.36 ) − 565.4 ( −62.94 ) = −32.9 MPa = 32.9 MPa (C) ............... Ans.
(b) tan β =
I yz
=
( −3.95) = −0.5976
Iy ( 6.61)
β = −30.86° = 30.86° 4 ..................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) At point B ( y = −67.64 mm and z = −62.94 mm ):
σ B = −946.1( −67.64 ) − 565.4 ( −62.94 ) = +99.6 MPa = 99.6 MPa (T) ............. Ans.
At point D ( y = +92.36 mm and z = +17.06 mm ):
σ B = −946.1( 92.36 ) − 565.4 ( +17.06 ) = −97.0 MPa = 97.0 MPa (C) ............... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-113*
( 6 )( 3) ( 3)( 6 )
3 3
I yz = = −4.50 in.4
72
M ry = 10sin 26.57° = 4.473 kip ⋅ in.
M rz = 10 cos 26.57° = 8.944 kip ⋅ in.
M rz I y + M ry I yz M ry I z + M rz I yz
σ = − y+ z
I y I z − I yz I y I z − I yz
2 2
σ A = ( −0.3312 )( −4 ) + ( 0.6628 )( +1) = +1.988 ksi = 1.988 ksi (T) ........................ Ans.
(b) tan β =
M ry I z + M rz I yz
=
( 4.473)(18.00 ) + ( 8.944 )( −4.50 ) = +2.001
M rz I y + M ry I yz ( 8.944 )( 4.50 ) + ( 4.473)( −4.50 )
β = +63.45° = 63.45° 3 ..................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-114
− M rZ Y M rY Z hb3 bh3
(a) σ= + IY = IZ =
IZ IY 12 12
M rY = M sin α M rZ = − M cos α
− ( M cos α )( −h 2 ) ( M sin α )( b 2 ) = 6M
σ max = + ( b cos α + h sin α ) ............... Ans.
( bh 3
12 ) ( hb 3
12 ) b2 h2
dσ max 6 M
(b) = 2 2 ( −b sin α + h cos α ) = 0 b sin α = h cos α
dα bh
Therefore α = tan −1 ( h b ) ......................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) When h = 2b : α = tan −1 ( 2 ) = +63.43° = +63.43° 3
hb3 ( 2b ) b bh3 b ( 2b )
3 3
b4 2b 4
IY = = = IZ = = =
12 12 6 12 12 3
IZ 2b 4 3
tan β = tan α = 4 tan 63.43° = 8.00
IY b 6
β = tan −1 8.00 = +82.87° = 82.87° 3 .............................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-115
M ry = 20sin 36.87° = 12.00 kip ⋅ in.
M rz = 20 cos 36.87° = 16.00 kip ⋅ in.
M rz I y + M ry I yz M ry I z + M rz I yz
σ = − y+ z
I y I z − I yz I y I z − I yz
2 2
σ A = ( −2.8665 )( +3) + ( 5.0273)( +3.3125 ) = +8.05 ksi = 8.05 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
(b) tan β =
M ry I z + M rz I yz
=
(12.00 )( 25.4 ) + (16.00 )(11.3) = +1.7538
M rz I y + M ry I yz (16.00 )(8.83) + (12.00 )(11.3)
β = +60.31° = 60.31° 3 ..................................................................................................... Ans.
(c) At point B ( y = −3 in. and z = +0.1875 in. ):
σ B = ( −2.8665 )( −3) + ( 5.0273)( +0.1875 ) = +9.54 ksi = 9.54 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
σ D = ( −2.8665 )( +3) + ( 5.0273)( −0.1875 ) = −9.54 ksi = 9.54 ksi (C) .................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-116*
K t Mc w 75 r 6
σ= = = 1.25 = = 0.10
I h 60 h 60
From Fig. 7-34: K t = 1.70
( 20 )( 60 )
3
I= = 360 (103 ) mm 4
12
M=
σI
=
(80 ×10 )( 360 ×10 ) = 565 N ⋅ m ............................................................. Ans.
6 −9
Kt c (1.70 )( 0.030 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-117*
w 38
= = 1.50
h 14
For K t = 1.40 Fig. 7-34 gives r h = 0.25
r = 0.25 (1 4 ) = 0.0625 in. .................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-118
Mc M ( D 2 ) 32 M σπ D 3
σ= = = M=
I π D 4 64 π D 3 32
M R ( d 2 ) 32M R K t σπ d 3
σ = Kt = MR =
π d 4 64 πd3 32 K t
D 100 r 8
= = 1.25 = = 0.10
d 80 d 80
From Fig. 7-34: K t = 1.90
M − MR (σπ D 3 32 ) − (σπ d 3 32 K t )
%R = (100 ) = (100 )
M (σπ D3 32 )
D3 − ( d 3 Kt ) ( d D )3
= (100 ) = 1 − (100 )
D3 K t
(1 1.25 )3
% R = 1 − (100 ) = 73.0% ................................................................................ Ans.
1.90
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-119
Mc M ( h 2 ) 6M σ Bh 2
σ= = = M=
I Bh3 12 Bh 2 6
M R ( h 2 ) 6M R Kt σ bh 2
σ = Kt = MR =
bh3 12 bh 2 6 Kt
d 1 16 r 1 16
= = 1.00 = = 0.10
r 1 16 b 58
From Fig. 7-34: K t = 2.30
M − MR (σ Bh 2 6 ) − (σ bh 2 6 K t )
%R = (100 ) = (100 )
M (σ Bh2 6 )
B − ( b Kt ) (b B )
= (100 ) = 1 − (100 )
B K t
( 0.625 0.75 )
% R = 1 − (100 ) = 63.8% ........................................................................ Ans.
2.30
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-120*
Mc M ( h 2 ) 6 M σ bh 2
σ= = = 2 M=
I bh3 12 bh 6
M R ( h 2) 6M R Kt σ ( b − d ) h2
σ = Kt = MR =
( b − d ) h 12 ( b − d ) h2
3
6 Kt
h 200 d 25
= = 8.00 = = 0.17
d 25 b 150
From Fig. 7-34: K t = 2.55
M − MR b − ( b − d ) Kt b−d
%R = (100 ) = (100 ) = 1 − (100 )
M b bK t
150 − 25
% R = 1 − (100 ) = 67.3% .............................................................................. Ans.
150 ( 2.55 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-121
For 04%C hot-rolled steel: σ y = 53 ksi σ all = σ y FS = 53 3 = 17.667 ksi
π (1.5 )
4
σ = Kt
Mc
= (1.50 )
(12 P )(1.365) ≤ 17.667 ksi P ≤ 1.961 kip
I 2.727
Therefore Pmax = 1.961 kip ....................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-122*
For 04%C hot-rolled steel: σ y = 360 MPa σ all = σ y FS = 360 4 = 90 MPa
Mc M ( h 2) 6 Kt M
σ = Kt = Kt =
( b − d )( h ) 12 ( b − d ) h 2
3
I
b − d 6M 6 ( 50, 000 )
Rearranging gives = = = 0.08333 m (a)
Kt σ h ( 90 × 106 ) ( 0.200 )2
2
h 200 d 25
= = 8.00 =
d 25 b b
Solve by trial and error.
Guess that K t ≅ 2.50 .
Then Eq. (a) gives b − d = 0.208 m b = 208 + 25 = 233 mm
Then from Fig. 7-34: d b = 0.107 K t = 2.70
Guess that K t ≅ 2.70 .
Then Eq. (a) gives b − d = 0.225 m b = 212 + 25 = 250 mm
Then from Fig. 7-34: d b = 0.100 K t = 2.70
Therefore bmin ≅ 250 mm ......................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-123
( 2 − 0.625)( 4 )
3
P L PL
I= = 7.333 in.4 M = = kip ⋅ in.
12 2 3 6
σ = Kt
Mc
= Kt
( PL 6 ) c gives L=
6σ I
I I K t cP
h 4 d 0.625
= = 6.40 = = 0.3125
d 0.625 b 2
From Fig. 7-34: K t ≅ 2.35
6 ( 20 )( 7.333)
L= = 37.445 in. = 3.12 ft ........................................................................ Ans.
( 2.35)( 2 )( 5)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-124
Mc M ( h 2) 6Kt M
σ = Kt = Kt = ≤ 200 MPa
I ( b − d ) h 12 ( b − d ) h 2
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-125
M = ( P 2 )( L 3) = ( 2.25 )(14 ) = 31.5 kip ⋅ in.
Mc M ( h 2) 6 Kt M
σ = Kt = Kt = ≤ 15 ksi
I ( b − d ) h 12 ( b − d ) h 2
3
6 K t ( 31.5 ) 12.60 K t
h2 ≥ = in.2
( b − d )(15) ( b − 0.75)
d/b b (in.) Kt h (in.)
0.15 5.00 2.60 2.78
0.20 3.75 2.50 3.24
0.30 2.50 2.35 4.11
0.40 1.88 2.25 5.00
0.50 1.50 2.17 6.04
0.60 1.25 2.10 7.27
0.70 1.07 2.03 8.94
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-126*
For a W 203 × 50 section d = 2c = 210 mm tw = 9.1 mm
w f = 205 mm t f = 14.2 mm S = 582 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-127*
For a W 33 × 201 section d = 2c = 33.68 in. tw = 0.715 in.
w f = 15.745 in. t f = 1.150 in. S = 684 in.3
M e = σ y S = ( 36 )( 684 ) = 24, 624 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 24, 600 kip ⋅ in. ....................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-128
For a W 762 × 196 section d = 2c = 770 mm tw = 15.6 mm
w f = 268 mm t f = 25.4 mm S = 6225 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-129*
σ yI σ y ( bh3 12 ) bh 2σ y
Me = = =
c ( h 2) 6
bh h bh σ y
2
M p = 2σ y =
2 4 4
Mp 14
= = 1.5 ............................................... Ans.
Me 16
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-130
σ yI σ y (π R 4 4 ) π R 3σ y
Me = = =
c ( R) 4
π R2 4R 4R σ y
3
M p = 2σ y =
2 3π 3
Mp 43
= = 1.698 ................................................................................................................ Ans.
Me π 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-131*
M x ( 5 ) ( 2 )(10 ) + (1) ( 8 )( 2 ) + ( 5 ) ( 2 )(10 )
yC = = = 3.857 in.
A ( 2 )(10 ) + ( 8)( 2 ) + ( 2 )(10 )
(12 )( 3.857 ) ( 8)(1.857 ) ( 4 )( 6.143)
3 3 3
I= − + = 521.5 in.4
3 3 3
Elastic action:
σ yI σ y ( 521.5 )
Me = = = 84.89σ y
c 6.143
For fully plastic action:
AT = AC = 56 2 = 28 in.2
4 (10 − c p ) = 28 in.2
c p = 3.00 in.
M p = (1.5 )(12 × 3) − ( 0.5 )( 8 × 1) + ( 3.5 )( 4 × 7 ) σ y
= 148.0σ y
Mp 148.0
= = 1.743 ............................................................................................................. Ans.
Me 84.89
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-132*
σ yI σ y ( a 4 12 ) a 3σ y
(a) Me = = =
c ( a 2) 6
a2 a a σ y
3
M p = 2σ y =
2 4 4
Mp 14
= = 1.500 ........................................................ Ans.
Me 16
σ yI σ y ( a 4 12 )
(b) Me = = = 0.11785a 3σ y
c ( a sin 45° )
a 2 a sin 45°
M p = 2σ y = 0.23570a σ y
3
2 3
Mp 0.23570
= = 2.00 ......................................................................................................... Ans.
Me 0.11785
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-133
(a) Assume that the lower flange will be fully plastic.
σ a −1 = 36 ( a − 1) a ksi
( 36 )(10 × a ) ( 36 )( a − 1) ( 9 )( a − 1)
FC = −
2 a 2
( 36 )(1× a ) +
FT = ( 36 )(1)( 9 − 2a ) + ( 36 )(1)( 6 )
2
Equating FC to FT gives: 72a 2 − 216a − 162 = 0
From which a = 3.621 in. ≅ 3.62 in. ............................................................................ Ans.
10 − 2a = 10 − 2 ( 3.621) = 2.758 in. > 1 in.
Therefore, the lower flange will be fully plastic as was assumed.
(b) σ a −1 = 36 ( 3.621 − 1) 3.621 = 26.06 ksi
( 36 )(10 × 3.621) 2 ( 3.621) ( 26.06 )( 9 × 2.621) 2 ( 2.621)
M = −
2 3 2 3
( 36 )(1× 3.621) 2 ( 3.621)
+ + ( 36 )(1× 1.758 )( 4.50 ) + ( 36 )(1× 6 )( 5.879 )
2 3
M = 2748 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 2750 kip ⋅ in. ..................................................................................... Ans.
I= − + − = 354.5 in.4
3 3 3 3
σ I ( 36 )( 354.5 )
Me = = = 2219 kip ⋅ in.
c ( 5.75)
For fully plastic action: AT = AC = 24 2 = 12 in.2
AT = ( 6 × 1) + (1) ( c p − 1) = 12 in.2 c p = 7.00 in.
M p = ( 36 )( 6 ×1)( 6.5 ) + ( 36 )( 6 × 1)( 3) + ( 36 )( 2 ×1)(1) + ( 36 )(10 × 1)( 2.5 ) = 3024 kip ⋅ in.
Mp 3024
= = 1.363 .............................................................................................................. Ans.
Me 2219
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-134
(a) Assume that the lower flange will be only partially plastic.
σ a − 40 = 240 ( a − 40 ) a MPa
( 240 )(120 × a ) ( 240 )( a − 40 ) ( 80 )( a − 40 )
FC = −
2 a 2
FT =
( 240 )(80 × a ) − ( 240 )(160 − a ) ( 40 )(160 − a )
2 a 2
+ ( 240 )( 80 )( 200 − 2a )
Equating FC to FT gives: a 2 − 120a + 2800 = 0
From which a = 88.28 mm ≅ 88.3 mm ...................................................................... Ans.
200 − 2a = 200 − 2 ( 88.28 ) = 23.44 mm < 40 mm
Therefore, the lower flange will be only partially plastic as was assumed.
I= − +
3 3 3
( 40 )( 70 )
3
− = 56.75 (106 ) mm 4
3
σ I ( 240 )( 56.75 )
Me = = = 123.82 (103 ) N ⋅ m
c ( 0.110 )
= 123.82 kN ⋅ m
For fully plastic action: AT = AC = 12,800 2 = 6400 mm 2
AT = ( 40 × 80 ) + ( 40 ) ( c p − 40 ) = 6400 mm 2
c p = 120 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-134 (cont.)
M p = ( 240 )( 40 × 80 )( 0.100 ) + ( 240 )( 40 × 80 )( 0.040 )
+ ( 240 )( 40 ×120 )( 0.060 ) + ( 240 )( 40 × 40 )( 0.020 )
= 184.32 (103 ) N ⋅ m = 184.32 kN ⋅ m
Mp 184.32
= = 1.489 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
Me 123.82
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-135*
(a) σ a − 2 = 36 ( a − 2 ) a ksi
( 36 )( 4 × a ) ( 36 )( a − 2 ) ( 2.5 )( a − 2 )
FC = −
2 a 2
( 36 )(1.5 × a ) +
FT = ( 36 )(1.5)(10 − 2a ) = 540 − 81a
2
Equating FC to FT gives: 108a 2 − 360a − 180 = 0
From which a = 3.775 in. ≅ 3.78 in. ............................................................................ Ans.
M x ( 4 )( 8 ×1.5 ) + ( 9 )( 4 × 2 )
(c) yC = = = 6.00 in.
A ( 8 ×1.5) + ( 4 × 2 )
(1.5 )( 6 ) ( 4 )( 4 ) ( 2.5 )( 2 )
3 3 3
I= + −
= 186.67 in.4
3 3 3
σ I ( 36 )(186.67 )
Me = = = 1120.0 kip ⋅ in.
c ( 6)
For fully plastic action: AT = AC = 20 2 = 10 in.2
AT = (1.5 ) ( c p ) = 10 in.2 c p = 6.667 in.
M p = ( 36 )(1.5 × 6.667 )( 3.333) + ( 36 )(1.5 × 1.333)( 0.667 )
+ ( 36 )( 4 × 2 )( 2.333) = 1919.9 kip ⋅ in.
Mp 1919.9
= = 1.714 ........................................................................................................... Ans.
Me 1120.0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-136
For a WT 305 × 70 section
d = 2c = 308.7 mm tw = 13.1 mm
w f = 230.3 mm t f = 22.2 mm
A = 8905 mm 2 S = 333 (103 ) mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-137*
εc y εc y 2ε c y 2ε c y
12
ε= = = σ = Kε 1 2 = K
c ( h 2) h h
2ε 2ε
12 12
h2 4
M = ∫ yσ dA = 2∫
h2
K c y bdy = Kb c y 5 2
32
0
h 5 h 0
σ
52
4 h
= b 12
5 2 y
12
5 2M y
Therefore σ= .................................................................................................. Ans.
bh 2 h
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-138
Since σ max = 99.3 MPa ε max = 3.5 (10−3 )
σ = 2792ε 0.59 MPa
εc y 0.0035 y
(a) ε= =
c (c)
0.59 0.59 0.59
0.0035 y y y
σ = 2792 = 99.29 MPa = 99.29 (106 ) N/m 2
c c c
0.59
y
99.29 (106 ) ( 0.100 ) dy
0.050
FC = ∫
0
c
0.59
y
FT = ∫ 99.29 (106 ) ( 0.025) dy
c
0
c
0.59 0.59
0.050 y c y
Since FC = FT : ∫ 0
4
c
dy = ∫
0 c
dy
c1.59
0.02148 =
1.59
Therefore c = 0.11957 m ≅ 119.6 mm .................................................................................. Ans.
0.59
y
99.29 (10 ) y ( 0.100 ) dy
0.05
(b) M = ∫ yσ dA = ∫ 6
0
c
0.59
y
99.29 (10 ) y ( 0.025 ) dy
0.11957
+∫ 6
0
c
= 34.76 (106 ) ∫ y1.59 dy + 8.69 (106 ) ∫
0.05 0.11957
y1.59 dy
0 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-139*
( 4 )( 7 ) ( 3.75)( 7 − 2t ) 3.75 ( 7 − 2t ) 4
3 3 3
I= − = 114.33 − in.
12 12 12
For a channel section:
( 3.875) ( 7 − t ) t
2 2
b 2 h 2t
e= = = 1.50 in.
3.75 ( 7 − 2t )
3
4I
4 114.33 −
12
Solving by trial and error yields: t = 0.250 in. .................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-140*
( 2.5)(100 )
3
I= + 2 ( 2.5 × 50 )( 25 )
2
12
= 364.6 (103 ) mm 4
(a) QA = ( 25 )( 50 × 2.5 ) = 3125 mm3
e=
( 535.7 )( 50 ) = 10.71 mm ............................................................................................. Ans.
2500
(b) QO = ( 25 )( 50 × 2.5 ) + ( 25 )( 50 × 2.5 ) = 6250 mm3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-141
QA1 = ( 6.5 )( 7 ×1) = 45.5 in.3 QA 2 = ( 6.5 )( 3 ×1) = 19.5 in.3
QAw = 45.5 + 19.5 = 65.0 in.3 QB = ( 65.0 ) + ( 3)( 6 × 1) = 83.0 in.3
I= = − = 990.7 in.4
12 12 12
VQA1 (100 )( 45.5 )
(a) τ A1 = = = 4.593 ksi
It f ( 990.7 )(1)
F1 = (τ A1 A1 2 ) = ( 4.593)( 7 × 1) 2
= 16.076 kip
e=
(16.076 − 2.952 )(13) = 1.706 in. ..........................Ans.
100
(b) τ Aw =
VQAw
=
(100 )( 65.0 ) = 6.56 ksi
Itw ( 990.7 )(1)
VQB (100 )( 83.0 )
τB = = = 8.38 ksi
Itw ( 990.7 )(1)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-142
VQA
F = τ avg A =
2 It
V ( 253)( 93 ×14 )
( 93 ×14 ) = (15.317 ×10 )
V
(a) F1 =
6
2I 14 I
V ( 222 )( 93 × 16 )
( 93 ×16 ) = (15.360 ×10 )
V
F2 =
6
2I 16 I
V ( 253)( b − 93)(14 )
( b − 93)(14 ) = ( b − 93) (1.7710 × 10 )
V
F3 =
2 3
2I 14 I
4 ΣM O = 0 : F3 h3 − F1h1 − F2 h2 = 0
V 3 V 6 V 6
I ( b − 93) (1.7710 ×10 ) ( 474 ) = I (15.317 × 10 ) ( 474 ) + I (15.360 × 10 ) ( 444 )
2
b 2 − 186b − 8124.0 = 0
b = 222.5 mm ≅ 223 mm .................................................................................................... Ans.
(b) QNA = ( 237 )( 223 × 14 ) + ( 222 )( 93 × 16 ) + (111)( 222 ×14 ) = 1.4152 (106 ) mm3
(16 )( 444 )
3
12
= 614.1(10 6
) mm 4
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-143*
QA = ( 6 )( 4 × 0.25 ) = 6.0 in.3
QB = ( 3)( 4 × 0.25 ) = 3.0 in.3
( 0.25 )(12 )
3
I≅ + 2 ( 4 × 0.25 )( 6 )
2
12
+ 2 ( 4 × 0.25 )( 3) = 126.0 in.4
2
τ A AF V ( 6) ( 4 × 0.25 )
(a) F1 = = = 0.09524V
2 (126.0 )( 0.25 ) 2
τ B AF V ( 3) ( 4 × 0.25 )
F2 = = = 0.04762V
2 (126.0 )( 0.25 ) 2
4 ΣM O = 0 : Pe − F1 (12 ) − F2 ( 6 ) = 0
Since V = P : e = 0.09524 (12 ) + 0.04762 ( 6 ) = 1.429 in. ......................................... Ans.
(b) QNA = ( 6 )( 4 × 0.25 ) + ( 3)( 4 × 0.25 ) + ( 3)( 6 × 0.25 ) = 13.5 in.3
VQNA (1500 )(13.5 )
τO = = = 643 psi ............................................................................. Ans.
Itw (126.0 )( 0.25 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-144*
QA = ( 90 )( 90 × 6 ) = 48.6 (103 ) mm3
( 6 )(180 ) ( 6 )(120 )
3 3
I≅ + + 2 ( 90 × 6 )( 90 ) = 12.528 (106 ) mm 4
2
12 12
e=
( 413.8)(180 ) − (1047.3)(180 ) = −19.00 mm = 19.00 mm ← ........................... Ans.
6000
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-145
th3 h th
2 2
I ≅ 2 + 2 ( bt ) = ( h + 3b )
12 2 6
V s Vs 2
τ 1 = ∫ yt dy =
It 0 2I
Vs 2 Vh3t
( t ds ) =
h2
F1 = ∫ τ 1 dA = ∫
0 2I 48 I
V s h Vh 2 Vhs
( )
It ∫0 2
τ 2 = τ 1 s =h 2 + t dx = +
8I 2I
b Vh Vhs
2
Vhbt
F2 = ∫ τ 2 dA = ∫ + ( t ds ) = ( h + 2b )
0
8I 2I 8I
4 ΣM O = 0 : Pe − 2 F1b − F2 h = 0
h 2tb b ( 2h + 3b )
Since V = P : e= ( 2h + 3b ) = ............................................................ Ans.
12 I 2 ( h + 3b )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-146*
π π R 3t
I = ∫ y 2 dA = ∫ ( R cos θ ) ( tR dθ ) =
2
(a)
0 2
V s V θ VR 2
τ= ∫ yt ds = ∫0 ( R cos θ ) ( R dθ ) = sin θ
2
It 0 I I
π VR 2
T = ∫ R dF = ∫ Rτ dA = ∫ R sin θ ( tR dθ )
0
I
4
VR t π 2VR t 2VR 4t 4VR
4
I ∫0
= sin θ dθ = = =
I π R 3t 2 π
4 ΣM O = 0 : Pe − T = 0 Pe − 4VR π = 0
Since V = P : e = 4 R π ..................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-147*
2π
I = ∫ y 2 dA = ∫ ( R sin θ ) ( tR dθ ) = π R3t
2
(a)
0
V s V θ VR 2
τ= ∫ yt ds = ∫0 ( R sin θ ) ( R dθ ) = (1 − cos θ )
2
It 0 I I
2π VR 2
T = ∫ R dF = ∫ Rτ dA = ∫ R (1 − cos θ ) ( tR dθ )
0
I
4
VR t 2π 2π VR t 2π VR 4t
4
(1 − cos θ ) dθ =
I ∫0
= = = 2VR
I π R 3t
4 ΣM O = 0 : Pe − T = 0 Pe − 2VR = 0
Since V = P : e = 2 R .......................................................................................................... Ans.
I = π R 3t = π ( 2 ) ( 0.1) = 2.51327 in.4
3
(b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-148
Let a = 20 mm
QA = (1.5a )( at ) = 1.5a 2t
QB 2 = 1.5a 2t + ( 2a )( 2at ) = 5.5a 2t
QB 3 = ( 2a )( 2at ) = 4a 2t
QBw = 5.5a 2t + 4a 2t = 9.5a 2t
QO = 9.5a 2t + ( a )( 2at ) = 11.5a 2t
( 2t )( 4a ) ( t )( 2a )
3 3
I= − + 2 ( 4a × t )( 2a ) = 42a 3t
2
12 12
V s V s V s2
(a) τ1 = ∫ y ( t ds ) = ∫ ( a + s ) t ds = as +
It 0 It 0 I 2
V s2 2Va 3t 2Va 3t V
as + ( t ds ) =
a
F1 = ∫ τ 1 dA = ∫ = +
0 I 2 3I 3 ( 42a t ) 63
3
VQavg V ( 3.5a 2t ) V
F2 = τ avg A2 = ( 2at ) = ( 2at ) =
It ( 42a t ) ( t )
3
6
VQavg V ( 2a t ) 2
V
F3 = τ avg A3 = ( 2at ) = ( 2at ) =
It ( 42a t ) ( t )
3
10.5
4 ΣM O = 0 : Pe − 2 F1 ( 2a ) − ( F2 − F3 )( 4a ) = 0
Pe − 2 (V 63)( 2a ) − (V 6 )( 4a ) + (V 10.5 )( 4a ) = 0
4a 4a 4a 22a 22 ( 20 )
Since V = P : e= + − = = = 6.98 mm .............................. Ans.
63 6 10.5 63 63
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-149
QA = (1)( 2 × 0.125 ) = 0.25 in.3
QB = 0.25 + (1)( 4 × 0.125 ) = 0.75 in.3
( 0.375)( 4 )
3
I= = 2.00 in.4
12
τA =
VQA
=
( 300 )( 0.25) = 300 psi
It ( 2.00 )( 0.125)
τB =
VQB
=
( 300 )( 0.75) = 900 psi
It ( 2.00 )( 0.125)
Therefore:
τ max = τ B == 900 psi ...................................................................................................... Ans.
F1 =
τ A A1
=
( 300 )( 2 × 0.125) = 25.00 lb
3 3
4 ΣM B = 0 : Pe − 2 F1 ( 4 cos 30° ) = 0
Therefore:
2 ( 25.00 )( 4 cos 30° )
e= = 0.577 in. ......................................................................... Ans.
( 300 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-150*
Es 200
n= = = 20
Ew 10
(175) (150 )( 350 ) + ( 357.5) ( 3000 )(15)
yC = = 259.2 mm
(150 )( 350 ) + ( 3000 )(15)
−cw σ s −259.2 75
σw = = = −9.19 MPa
cs n 105.8 20
σ w = 9.19 MPa (C) ........................................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-151*
Es 30, 000
n= = = 20
Ew 1500
M x ( 6.5 ) ( 6 )(12 ) + ( 0.25 ) (120 )( 0.5 )
yC = = = 3.659 in.
A ( 6 )(12 ) + (120 )( 0.5)
− cs −3.659
σs = ( nσ w ) = ( 20 )( −1250 ) = +10,347 psi
cw 8.841
σ s ≅ 10.35 ksi (T) ................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-152
Ea 73
n= = = 9.125
Ew 8
P L PL ( 30 )( 4 )
M = = = = 30 kN ⋅ m
2 2 4 4
( 200 + 228.1)( 300 )
3
IT = = 963.2 (106 ) mm 4
12
Mc ( 30, 000 )( 0.150 )
σw = = = 4.672 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 4.67 MPa (T) ....................... Ans.
IT ( 963.2 ×10 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-153
Es 29, 000
n= = = 18.125
Ew 1600
( 4 + 18.125)( 6 )
3
IT = = 398.25 in.4
12
Mc (10, 000 × 12 )( 3)
σw = = = 903.95 psi ≅ 904 psi (T) ........................................... Ans.
IT ( 398.25)
σ s = nσ w = (18.125 )( 903.95 ) = 16,384 psi ≅ 16,380 psi (T) ................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-154*
Ea 70
n= = = 7.00
Ew 10
Myw ( 3000 )( 0.040 )
σw = = ≤ 15 (106 ) N/m 2
IT IT
IT ≥ 8.000 (10−6 ) m 4
( 7 w )( 86 ) ( 7 w − 50 )( 80 )
3 3
IT = − ≥ 8.000 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
72,366w ≥ 5.8667 (10 6
) w ≥ 81.1 mm .................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-155
Es 30, 000
n= = = 18.75
Ew 1600
M = PL = ( 4000 )( 6 ) = 24, 000 lb ⋅ ft
( 75 )(11.5 ) ( 71)(10 )
3 3
IT = − = 3589 in.4
12 12
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-156
Eb 100
n= = = 71.43
E p 1.4
My p M (131 − yC )
σp = =
IT IT
nMyb 71.43MyC
σb = =
IT IT
For σ b = 10σ p : 71.43 yC = 10 (131 − yC )
yC = 16.088 mm
( 3) ( 6 )( 71.43w ) + ( 68.5) ( 50 )(125 )
yC = = 16.088 mm
( 6 )( 71.43w) + ( 50 )(125)
5609w = 327,575 w = 58.4 mm ........................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-157*
Es 30, 000
n= = = 18.75
Ew 1600
wL2 w (16 )
M= = = 32w
8 8
M x ( 8 ) ( 8 )(15 ) + ( 0.25 ) (150 )( 0.5 )
yC = = = 5.019 in.
A ( 8)(15) + (150 )( 0.5)
(8)(10.481) (150 )( 5.019 ) (142 )( 4.519 )
3 3 3
IT = + − = 5024 in.4
3 3 3
σw =
Myw
=
( 32w ×12 )(10.481) ≤ 1600 psi w ≤ 1997.3 lb/ft
IT ( 5024 )
nMys 18.75 ( 32w × 12 )( 5.019 )
σs = = ≤ 18, 000 psi w ≤ 2502.5 lb/ft
IT ( 5024 )
Therefore: wmax = 1997 lb/ft ..................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-158*
Es 200
n= = = 15.38
Ew 13
wL2 ( 20 )( 5 )
2
M= = = 62.50 kN ⋅ m
8 8
( 2307 )( 330 ) ( 2157 )( 300 )
3 3
IT = − = 2056 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
Myw ( 6250 ×10 ) ( 0.150 )
3
ys 165
σa = ( nσ w ) = (15.38 )( 4.560 ) = 77.1 MPa (T) ................................................ Ans.
yw 150
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-159
Es 30, 000
n= = = 20
Ew 1500
M = ( 2.50 )(10 ) = 25.0 kip ⋅ ft
( 6 )(12 ) ( 20w )( t )
3 3
IT = + + ( 20 wt )( 6 + 0.5t )
2
12 12
Myw ( 25.0 × 12 )( 6 )
σw = = ≤ 1 ksi IT ≥ 1800 in.4
IT IT
IT = 864 + 1.66667 wt 3 + 20wt ( 6 + 0.5t ) ≥ 1800 in.4
2
(a)
nMys 20 ( 25.0 × 12 )( 6 + t )
σs = = ≤ 10 ksi IT ≥ 600 ( 6 + t ) in.4
IT IT
IT = 864 + 1.66667 wt 3 + 20wt ( 6 + 0.5t ) ≥ 600 ( 6 + t ) in.4
2
(b)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-160
Es 200
n= = = 16.667
Ew 12
M = 2 ( P 2) = ( P ) N ⋅ m
IT = − + = 1729.4 (106 ) mm 4
3 3 3
Myw ( P )( 0.25413)
σw = = ≤ 10 (106 ) N/m 2 P ≤ 68.05 (103 ) N
IT (1729.4 ×10 )
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-161
bh3 ( 8 )(15 )
3
M=
σ wIw
=
( 2.4 )( 2250 )
cw 7.5
M max = 720 kip ⋅ in. ............................................... Ans.
Es 30, 000
(b) n= = = 18.75
Ew 1600
(8)(15 ) (150 )( t )3
3
Either: M=
σ w IT
=
( 2.4 )( IT ) or M=
σ s IT
=
(18 )( IT )
cw 7.5 ncs 18.75 ( 7.5 + t )
M − 720
Choose smaller M and compute ∆M = (100 )
720
Mcw M ( 7.5 ) nMcs 18.75M ( 7.5 + t )
σw = = σs = =
IT IT IT IT
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-162
Ea 73
(a) n= = = 5.615
Ew 13
(150 )( 300 ) ( nw )( 50 )3
3
Mcw ( 75 × 10 ) ( 0.150 )
3
σw = =
IT IT
σa = =
IT IT
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-163*
As = 3 π (1) 4 = 2.356 in.2
2
AT = nAs = 12 ( 2.356 ) = 28.27 in.2
10h ( h 2 ) = 28.27 (18 − h )
5h 2 + 28.27 h − 508.86 = 0
From which: h = 7.650 in. 18 − h = 10.350 in.
(10 )( 7.650 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-164*
Es 200
n= = = 13.333
Ec 15
As = 4 π (15 ) 4 = 706.9 mm 2
2
AT = nAs = 13.333 ( 706.9 ) = 9425 mm 2
200h ( h 2 ) = 9425 ( 275 − h )
h 2 + 94.25h − 25,919 = 0
From which: h = 120.62 mm 275 − h = 154.38 mm
( 200 )(120.62 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-165
Es 30, 000
n= = = 13.636
Ec 2200
wL2 ( 820 )(13)
2
M max = = = 17,322 lb ⋅ ft
8 8
As = 3 π ( 0.75 ) 4 = 1.3254 in.2
2
AT = nAs = 13.636 (1.3254 ) = 18.073 in.2
10h ( h 2 ) = 18.073 (15.5 − h )
h 2 + 3.615h − 56.02 = 0
From which: h = 5.892 in. 15.5 − h = 9.608 in.
(10 )( 5.892 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-166*
Es
n= = 12
Ec
3wL2 3w ( 4 )
2
M max = = = (1.5w ) N ⋅ m
32 32
As = 3 π (16 ) 4 = 603.2 mm 2
2
AT = nAs = 12 ( 603.2 ) = 7238 mm 2
200h ( h 2 ) = 7238 ( 300 − h )
h 2 + 72.38h − 21, 714 = 0
From which: h = 115.55 mm 300 − h = 184.45 mm
( 200 )(115.55)
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-167
wL2 w (12 )
2
Es 30, 000
n= = = 12.5 M max = = = (18w ) lb ⋅ ft
Ec 2400 8 8
As = 3 π ( 0.875 ) 4 = 1.8040 in.2
2
AT = nAs = 12.5 (1.8040 ) = 22.55 in.2
8h ( h 2 ) = 22.55 (16 − h )
4h 2 + 22.55h − 360.8 = 0
From which: h = 7.088 in. 16 − h = 8.912 in.
(8 )( 7.088)
3
3
Myc (18w ×12 )( 7.088 )
σc = = ≤ 1000 psi w ≤ 1790.3 lb/ft
IT ( 2741)
nMys 12.5 (18w ×12 )( 8.912 )
σs = = ≤ 16, 000 psi w ≤ 1822.6 lb/ft
IT ( 2741)
Therefore: wmax = 1790 lb/ft ..................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-168*
Es 198
n= = = 12
Ec 16.5
300h ( h 2 ) = 12 As ( 500 − h )
12.5h 2
As =
500 − h
≤ 7 (106 ) N/m 2
Myc Mh
σc = = (a)
IT IT
nMys 12M ( 500 − h )
σs = = ≤ 125 (106 ) N/m 2 (b)
IT IT
From Eqs. (a) and (b): 84 ( 500 − h ) = 125h h = 200.95 mm
M max =
σ c IT
=
( 7 ×10 )( 2623 ×10 ) = 91,370 N ⋅ m
6 −6
h ( 0.20095 )
M max = 91.4 kN ⋅ m ............................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-169
Es 30, 000
n= = = 12.5
Ec 2400
wL2 (1000 )(16 )
2
5 ( 0.625b )
2
5h 2
10h ( h 2 ) = nAs b = 12.5 As b As = = = 0.15625b
12.5b 12.5b
(10 )( h ) (10 )( 0.625b )
3 3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-170
From the curved beam formula:
ro − ri 11d − 10d
R= = = 10.49206d
ln ( ro ri ) ln (1.1)
yC = R − RC = 10.49206d − 10.5d = −0.00794d
Myi M ( 0.49206d ) −6.197 M
σ max = = =
ri AyC (10d )( td )( −0.00794d ) td 2
− Mc − M ( d 2 ) −6 M
σ max = = =
( td 3 12 ) td 2
From the flexure formula:
I
6.197 − 6
Error = (100 ) = 3.18% ..................................................................................... Ans.
6.197
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-171*
M ( R − ro ) − M ( R − ri )
σ o = −σ i = =
ro AyC ri AyC
ro ( R − ri ) = ri ( ro − R )
14 ( R − 6 ) = 6 (14 − R )
Which gives R = 8.400 in.
dA
A = 2 ( 8 × 1) + ( b × 2 ) = ( 2b + 16 ) in.2 A = R∫
ρ
Using Table B-20
dA 8 14
∫ = ( b ) ln + 2 (1) ln = 0.28768b + 1.69750
ρ 6 6
2b + 16 = ( 8.400 )( 0.28768b + 2.26996 )
b = 4.24 in. .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-172
RC = 450 + 100 = 550 mm
A = 2 ( 50 ×150 ) + ( 75 × 100 ) = 22,500 mm 2
dA
A = R∫
ρ
Using Table B-20
dA 500 600 650
∫ = (150 ) ln + ( 75 ) ln + (150 ) ln = 41.484 mm
ρ 450 500 600
22,500 = R ( 41.484 ) R = 542.4 mm
yC = R − RC = 542.4 − 550 = −7.600 mm
M ( R − ri ) ( 20, 000 )( 0.5424 − 0.450 )
σi = =
ri AyC ( 0.450 )( 0.0225)( −0.00760 )
σ i = −24.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 24.0 MPa (C) .................................................................. Ans.
M ( R − ro ) ( 20, 000 )( 0.5424 − 0.650 )
σo = =
ro AyC ( 0.650 )( 0.0225)( −0.00760 )
σ o = +19.36 (106 ) N/m 2 = 19.36 MPa (T) ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-173*
A = ( 8 × 2 ) + ( 4 × 2 ) + ( 4 × 2 ) = 32 in.2
RC =
(11)(8 × 2 ) + (14 )( 4 × 2 ) + (17 )( 4 × 2 ) = 13.25 in.
32
dA
A = R∫
ρ
Using Table B-20
dA 12 16 18
∫ = ( 8 ) ln + ( 2 ) ln + ( 4 ) ln = 2.5051 in.
ρ 10 12 16
32 = R ( 2.5051) R = 12.774 in.
yC = R − RC = 12.774 − 13.25 = −0.4760 in.
M ( R − ri ) ( −30 ×12 )(12.774 − 10 )
σi = = = +6.56 ksi = 6.56 ksi (T) .................. Ans.
ri AyC (10 )( 32 )( −0.4760 )
M ( R − ro ) ( −30 ×12 )(12.774 − 18 )
σo = = = −6.86 ksi = 6.86 ksi (C) ................. Ans.
ro AyC (18)( 32 )( −0.4760 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-174*
RC = 75 + 150 = 225 mm A = ( 250 × 300 ) − (150 × 200 ) = 45, 000 mm 2
Using Table B-20
dA 125 325 375
∫ = ( 250 ) ln + 2 ( 50 ) ln + ( 250 ) ln = 259.0 mm
ρ 75 125 325
dA
A = R∫ 45, 000 = R ( 259.0 ) R = 173.75 mm
ρ
yC = R − RC = 173.75 − 225 = −51.25 mm
M ( R − ri ) M ( 0.17375 − 0.075 )
σi = = ≤ −140 (106 ) N/m 2
ri AyC ( 0.075)( 0.0450 )( −0.05125)
M ≤ 245 (103 ) N ⋅ m
M ( R − ro ) M ( 0.17375 − 0.375 )
σo = = ≤ 35 (106 ) N/m 2
ro AyC ( 0.375)( 0.0450 )( −0.05125)
M ≤ 150.4 (103 ) N ⋅ m
Therefore: M max = 150.4 kN ⋅ m ............................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-175
A = (1.5 × 0.75 ) + (1.5 × 3) = 5.625 in.2
dA 3 4ρ d ρ 6 ρ dρ
A = R∫ = R ∫ −2 + + ∫ 3−
ρ 2.25
3 ρ 3
3 ρ
3 4 6 1
= R −2 ln + ( 3 − 2.25 ) + 3ln − ( 6 − 3)
2.25 3 3 3
= 1.50408R = 5.625 in. 2
5.625
R= = 3.7398 in.
1.50408
yC = R − RC = 3.7398 − 4.00 = −0.2602 in.
M ( R − ri ) ( −70 )( 3.7398 − 2.25 ) = +31.7 ksi = 31.7 ksi (T) ................ Ans.
σi = =
ri AyC ( 2.25)( 5.625)( −0.2602 )
M ( R − ro ) ( −70 )( 3.7398 − 6.00 ) = −18.02 ksi = 18.02 ksi (C) .......... Ans.
σo = =
ro AyC ( 6.00 )( 5.625)( −0.2602 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-176*
F = 1500 kN (T) Vz = 500 kN
M y = − ( 500 × 1) = −500 kN ⋅ m
F Mc
σ xA = +
A I
1500 (103 ) ( 500 ×10 ) ( 0.200 ) 3
= +
π ( 0.400 − 0.300 ) 4 π ( 0.200 − 0.150 ) 4
2 2 4 4
σ yA = τ xyA = 0 MPa
σ p1 = 143.7 MPa (T) .......................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = σ p 3 = 0 MPa ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-177*
P = 150 kip (C) M = (150 )( 2 ) = 300 kip ⋅ in.
A = 2 ( 2 × 6 ) = 24 in 2
My ( 3) ( 2 )( 6 ) + ( 7 ) ( 6 )( 2 )
xC = = = 5.00 in.
A 2 ( 6 )( 2 )
( 2 )( 5) ( 6 )( 3) ( 4 )(1)
3 3 3
Iy = + − = 136.00 in.4
3 3 3
− P Mc −150 ( 300 )( 5 )
σ yC = + = + = 4.78 ksi (T) ..................... Ans.
A I 24 136
− P Mc −150 ( 300 )( 3)
σ yD = − = − = −12.87 ksi = 12.87 ksi (C) .......................... Ans.
A I 24 136
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-178
↑ ΣFy = 0 : P + 4060 − 5210 = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M − ( 4060 )( 0.016 ) − ( 5210 )( 0.037 ) = 0
P = 1150 N (C) M y = 257.73 N ⋅ m
A = π ( 27 ) 4 = 572.6 mm 2
2
(a) Solid:
I = π ( 27 ) 64 = 26.09 (103 ) mm 4
4
σ xA =
− F Mc
± =
−1150
±
( 257.3)( 0.0135)
A I 572.6 (10−6 ) 26.09 (10−9 )
= ( −2.0084 ± 133.36 ) (106 ) N/m 2
σ T max = +131.4 MPa = 131.4 MPa (T) ........................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-179*
P = 50 kip (T) Vy = 5 kip
M z = ( 5 )( 24 ) = 120 kip ⋅ in.
T = 30 kip ⋅ in.
I z = π ( 4 ) 64 = 12.5664 in.4
4
J = 2 I z = 25.1327 in.4
2 ( 2)
3
4r π r 2r
2 3
Q = yC A = = = = 5.3333 in.3
3π 2 3 3
σ xA =
P
=
( 50 ) = 3.979 ksi (T) σ yA = 0 ksi
A π ( 4 )2 4
τ xyA =
Tc Vy Q
− =
( 30 )( 2 ) − ( 5)( 5.3333) = 1.8575 ksi
J I z t ( 25.1327 ) (12.5664 )( 4 )
σx +σ y σ x −σ y
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + τ xy
2
2 2
3.979 + 0 3.979 − 0
2
= ± + (1.8575 )
2
2 2
σ p1 = 1.9895 + 2.7218 = +4.7113 ksi ≅ 4.71 ksi (T) .................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 1.9895 − 2.7218 = −0.7323 ksi ≅ 0.732 ksi (C) ................................................. Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
1 2τ xy 1 2 (1.8575 )
θ p = tan −1 = tan −1 = 21.52° .................................................... Ans.
2 σ x −σ y 2 ( 3.979 ) − 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-180
P = 40 kN (T) M = ( 40 )( 0.65919 ) = 26.37 kN ⋅ m
A = (100 × 50 ) + ( 30 × 80 ) + ( 60 × 20 ) = 8600 mm 2
xC =
( 25 )(100 × 50 ) + ( 90 )( 30 × 80 ) + (140 )( 60 × 20 ) = 59.19 mm
8600
100 ( 50 ) 3
Iy = + (100 × 50 )( 34.19 )
2
12
30 ( 80 )3 60 ( 20 )3
+ + ( 30 × 80 )( 30.81) + + ( 60 × 20 )( 80.81)
2 2
12 12
= 18.321(106 ) mm 4
σ CD =
P Mc
+ =
40, 000
+
( 26.37 )( 0.09081)
A I 8600 (10−6 ) 18.321(10−6 )
σ EF =
P Mc
− =
40, 000
−
( 26.37 )( 0.05919 )
A I 8600 (10 )
−6
18.321(10−6 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-181
P = 15 kip (C)
M = (15 )(12 ) = 180 kip ⋅ in.
A = ( 5 ×12 ) = 60 in 2
− P Mc −15 (180 )( 6 )
σA = + = + = 1.250 ksi (T)
A I 60 720
σ A = 1.250 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
− P Mc −15 (180 )( 6 )
σB = − = −
A I 60 720
σ B = −1.750 ksi = 1.750 ksi (C) .................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-182*
→ ΣFx = 0 : − P − 25 = 0 P = −25 kN = 25 kN (C)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : V − 30 = 0 V = 30 kN
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M − ( 25 )( 0.350 ) − ( 30 )(1.25 ) = 0
M = −46.25 kN ⋅ m = 46.25 kN ⋅ m 4
A = (100 × 150 ) = 15, 000 mm 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-183*
P = 450 lb (T) M = ( 450 )( 3) = 1350 lb ⋅ in.
A = ( 0.5 × h ) = ( 0.5h ) in 2
I = ( 0.5 )( h ) 12 = ( h3 24 ) in.4
3
P Mc 450 (1350 )( h 2 )
σ= + = + ≤ 16, 000 psi
A I 0.5h h3 24
16, 000h 2 − 900h − 16, 200 ≥ 0
h ≥ 1.035 in. ....................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-184
→ ΣFx = 0 : P − 30 = 0 P = 30 kN (C)
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 40 − V = 0 V = 40 kN
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + ( 30 )( 0.750 ) − ( 40 )(1.20 ) = 0
M = 25.5 kN ⋅ m 4
A = 2 ( 50 ×150 ) + (100 × 75 ) = 22,500 mm 2
I= − = 93.75 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
− P Mc − ( 30, 000 ) ( 25,500 )( 0.100 )
σ BB = ± = ±
A I 22.5 (10−3 ) 93.75 (10−6 )
Therefore: σ L = σ max T = +25.9 (106 ) N/m 2 = 25.9 MPa (T) ........................................... Ans.
σ R = σ max C = −28.5 (106 ) N/m 2 = 28.5 MPa (C) ........................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-185
P = 80 lb (T)
M = ( 80 )( 3) = 240 lb ⋅ in.
A = ( 0.5 × 0.1875 ) = 0.093750 in 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-186*
P = 780 kN (T) Vy = 10 kN
M z = (10 × 0.700 ) = 7.00 kN ⋅ m
T = 14.0 + 5.6 = 19.6 kN ⋅ m
A = π (150 ) 4 = 17, 671 mm 2
2
J = 2 I = 49.70 (106 ) mm 4
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
23.01 + 0 23.01 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( 29.58 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = 11.505 + 31.74 = 43.245 MPa ≅ 43.2 MPa (T) ................................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 43.245) − ( −20.235) = 31.7 MPa ...................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-187*
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax − Q + 30 cos 30° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay − 30sin 30° = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : 5.5Q − (11)( 30 cos 30° ) − ( 4 )( 30sin 30° ) = 0
Q = 62.87 lb
Ax = 36.89 lb Ay = 15.00 lb
θ = tan −1 ( 5.5 4 ) = 53.97°
Z ΣFn = 0 : 36.89 cos θ + 15.00sin θ − N = 0
^ ΣFt = 0 : V + 15.00 cos θ − 36.89sin θ = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + ( 36.89 )( 2.75 ) − (15.00 )( 2 ) = 0
N = 33.83 lb V = 21.01 lb
M = −71.45 lb ⋅ in. = 71.45 lb ⋅ in. 3
A = ( 0.18750 ×1) = 0.18750 in.2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-188
a = 1430 cos16° = 1374.6 mm W = mg = ( 360 )( 9.807 ) = 3531 N
b = 1430sin16° = 394.2 mm
1374.6 − 890
φ = tan −1 = 20.53°
394.2 + 900
→ ΣFx = 0 : Ax + B sin 20.53° = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : Ay + B cos 20.53° − 3531 = 0
4 ΣM A = 0 : ( B cos 20.53° )(1374.6 ) − ( B sin 20.53° )( 394.2 ) − ( 3531)( 2700 cos16° ) = 0
B = 7976 N
Ax = −2797 N Ay = −3938 N
Z ΣFn = 0 : P − 2797 cos16° − 3938sin16° = 0
^ ΣFt = 0 : V + 2797 sin16° − 3938cos16° = 0
P = 3774 N V = 3014 N
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + ( 3938 )( 0.530 cos16° ) − ( 2797 )( 0.530sin16° ) = 0
M = −1597.7 N ⋅ m = 1597.7 N ⋅ m 3
A = (100 × 100 ) − ( 60 × 60 ) = 6400 mm 2
(100 )(100 ) ( 60 )( 60 )
3 3
I= − = 7.253 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
( 3774 ) + (1597.7 )( 0.050 ) = +11.60 106 N/m 2
σ top =
P Mc
+
A I
=
6400 (10−6 ) 7.253 (10−6 )
( )
σ top = σ max T = 11.60 MPa (T) ..................................................................................... Ans.
( 3774 ) − (1597.7 )( 0.050 ) = −10.42 106 N/m 2
σ bottom =
P Mc
−
A I
=
6400 (10−6 ) 7.253 (10−6 )
( )
σ bottom = σ max C = 10.42 MPa (C) ................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-189*
A = ( 6 × 4 ) = 24 in.2
( 6 )( 4 )
3
Ix = = 32 in.4
12
( 4 )( 6 )
3
Iy = = 72 in.4
12
P 9600
σP = = = 400 psi (C)
A 24
M x c ( 9600 )( 2 )
σM = = = 600 psi (T & C)
x
Ix 32
σM =
M yc
=
(19, 200 )( 3) = 800 psi (T & C)
y
Iy 72
σ A = −400 + 600 + 800 = +1000 psi = 1000 psi (T) .............................................. Ans.
σ B = −400 − 600 + 800 = −200 psi = 200 psi (C) .................................................. Ans.
σ C = −400 − 600 − 800 = −1800 psi = 1800 psi (C) ............................................. Ans.
σ D = −400 + 600 − 800 = −600 psi = 600 psi (C) ................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-190
By symmetry, each support carries half of the total weight. Then,
V = 10 kN
M = ( 30 )( 2 ) − (10 × 2 )(1) = 40.00 kN ⋅ m
π ( 604 ) π ( 600 )
4 4
I= − = 2741(106 ) mm 4
4 4
2 ( 604 ) 2 ( 600 )
3 3
4r π r 2r
2 3
Q = yC A = = = −
3π 2 3 3 3
= 2.899 (106 ) mm3
Stresses due to the internal pressure:
pr ( 200 × 10 ) ( 0.600 )
3
At A:
σ x = 15.00 MPa σ y = 30.00 MPa
τ xy = =
It ( 2741×10−6 ) ( 0.008)
= −1.3221(106 ) N/m 2 = −1.3221 MPa
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
15 + 30 15 − 30
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( −1.3221)
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = 22.500 + 7.616 = +30.116 MPa ≅ 30.1 MPa (T) ............................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 22.500 − 7.616 = +14.884 MPa ≅ 14.88 MPa (T) ............................................ Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max =
σ max − σ min
=
( 30.116 ) − 0 = 15.06 MPa ............................................................ Ans.
2 2
At B:
σx =
pr Mc
− = 15 (106 ) −
( 40, 000 )( 0.604 )
2t I ( 2741×10−6 )
= +6.186 (106 ) N/m 2 = 6.186 MPa (T)
σ y = 30.00 MPa τ xy = 0 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-190 (cont.)
Since τ xy = 0 MPa these are principal stresses and
τ max =
σ max − σ min
=
( 30.0 ) − 0 = 15.00 MPa ................................................................. Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-191
bh3 (1)( t )
3
t
+ −6
0.08333t 3
h (in.) t (in.)
0 0.0000
0.25 0.1246
0.50 0.1713
0.75 0.2110
1.00 0.2444
1.25 0.2738
1.50 0.3004
1.75 0.3249
2.00 0.3477
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-192*
( 200 )(150 )
3
Iy = = 100.0 (106 ) mm 4
12
P = 75 kN (C)
M x = ( 75 )( 0.075 ) = 5.625 kN ⋅ m
M y = ( 75 )( 0.050 ) = 3.750 kN ⋅ m
M x c ( 5625 )( 0.075 )
σM = = = 7.50 (106 ) N/m 2 (T & C)
x
Ix 56.25 (10 )
−6
σ B = −2.50 + 7.50 − 3.75 = +1.25 MPa = 1.25 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
σ C = −2.50 − 7.50 − 3.75 = −13.75 MPa = 13.75 MPa (C) ................................. Ans.
σ D = −2.50 − 7.50 + 3.75 = −6.25 MPa = 6.25 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-193
I x = ( 6 )( 4 ) 12 = 32 in.4 A = ( 6 × 4 ) = 24 in.2
3
I y = ( 4 )( 6 ) 12 = 72 in.4
3
P = 4000 lb (C)
M x = ( 400 )( 24 ) + ( 4000 )(1) = 13, 600 lb ⋅ in.
M z = ( 500 )( 24 ) = 12, 000 lb ⋅ in.
Neither Vx nor Vz contributes to the stresses at the corners.
P 4000
σP = = = 166.67 psi (C)
A 24
M x c (13, 600 )( 2 )
σM = = = 850 psi (T & C)
x
Ix 32
M z c (12, 000 )( 3)
σM = = = 500 psi (T & C)
z
Iz 72
σ A = −166.67 + 850 + 500 = +1183 psi = 1183 psi (T) ........................................ Ans.
σ B = −166.67 − 850 + 500 = −517 psi = 517 psi (C) ............................................ Ans.
σ C = −166.67 − 850 − 500 = −1517 psi = 1517 psi (C) ........................................ Ans.
σ D = −166.67 + 850 − 500 = +183.3 psi = 183.3 psi (T) ...................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-194*
A = ( 200 ×150 ) = 30, 000 mm 2
( 200 )(150 )
3
Ix = = 56.25 (106 ) mm 4
12
(150 )( 200 )
3
Iz = = 100.0 (106 ) mm 4
12
P = 75 kN (C)
M x = ( 75 )( 0.075 ) = 5.625 kN ⋅ m
M z = (15 )( 0.5 ) − ( 75 )( 0.050 ) = 3.750 kN ⋅ m
M x c ( 5625 )( 0.075 )
σM = = = 7.50 (106 ) N/m 2 (T & C)
x
Ix 56.25 (10 )
−6
M z c ( 3750 )( 0.100 )
σM = = = 3.75 (106 ) N/m 2 (T & C)
z
Iz 100.0 (10 )
−6
σ A = −2.50 + 7.50 − 3.75 = +1.25 MPa = 1.25 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
σ B = −2.50 + 7.50 + 3.75 = +8.75 MPa = 8.75 MPa (T) ..................................... Ans.
σ C = −2.50 − 7.50 + 3.75 = −6.25 MPa = 6.25 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
σ D = −2.50 − 7.50 − 3.75 = −13.75 MPa = 13.75 MPa (C) ................................ Ans.
1.250 13.25
=
z′ 150 − z ′
z ′ = 12.5 mm
8.75 6.25
=
z ′′ 150 − z ′′
z ′′ = 87.5 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-195
θ = tan1 ( 9 16 ) = 29.357°
4 ΣM A = 0 :
(T sin θ )( 64 ) − ( 27.5)(16 ) − ( 27.5)( 48) = 0
T = 56.10 lb
→ ΣFx = 0 : P − 56.10 cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : V − 27.5 + 56.10sin θ = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : − M − ( 27.5 )(16 ) + ( 56.10sin θ )( 32 ) = 0
P = 48.89 lb V = 0 lb M = 440 lb ⋅ in.
P Mc −48.89 ( 440 )( 0.5 )
(a) σx = − = − = −24.445 − 1320.0
A I (1× 2 ) ( 2 )(1)3 12
σ x = −1344.4 psi ≅ 1344 psi (C) σ y = τ xy = 0 lb
Since τ xy = 0 these are principal stresses and
σ p1 − σ p 2 1295.6 − 0
τ max = τ p = = = 648 psi ................................................................ Ans.
2 2
P Mc
(c) σx = + = −24.445 + 0 = −24.445 psi ≅ 24.4 psi (C) σ y = 0 lb
A I
Because V = 0 , τ xy = 0 and these are principal stresses
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-196*
A = π (100 ) 4 = 7854 mm 2
2
σ 1 = Eε1 = ( 210 ×109 )( −200 ×10−6 ) = −42.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 42.0 MPa (C)
σ 2 = Eε 2 = ( 210 × 109 )( 820 ×10−6 ) = 172.2 (106 ) N/m 2 = 172.2 MPa (T)
σ 3 = Eε 3 = ( 210 ×109 )( 600 × 10−6 ) = 126.0 (106 ) N/m 2 = 126.0 MPa (T)
σ 4 = Eε 4 = ( 210 × 109 )( −420 × 10−6 ) = −88.2 (106 ) N/m 2 = 88.2 MPa (C)
P M zc P M yc
σ1 = − σ2 = +
A I A I
P M zc P M c
σ3 = + σ4 = − y
A I A I
(σ 1 + σ 3 ) A = ( −42.0 + 126.0 ) (106 )( 7854 ×10−6 ) = 329.9
Therefore: P=
2 2
(10 ) N
3
Mz = = = 8.247 (103 ) N ⋅ m
2c 2 ( 0.050 )
M z ≅ 8.25 kN ⋅ m ................................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-197*
π (1) π ( 0.75 )
4 4
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
13, 409 + 0 13, 409 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( 2608 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = 6705 + 7194 = +13,899 psi ≅ 13.90 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
σ p 2 = 6705 − 7194 = −489 psi ≅ 0.489 ksi (C) ............................................................. Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
(13,899 ) − ( −489 ) = 7194 psi ≅ 7.19 ksi ........................... Ans.
2 2
On the bottom of the pipe:
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
−13, 409 + 0 −13, 409 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( 2608 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = −6705 + 7194 = +489 psi ≅ 0.489 ksi (T) ........................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = −6705 − 7194 = −13,899 psi ≅ 13.90 ksi (C) ..................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 489 ) − ( −13,899 ) = 7194 psi ≅ 7.19 ksi .......................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-198
π (120 )
4
Therefore:
− Mc − (12, 000 )( 0.060 )
σx = = = −70.73 (106 ) N/m 2 = 70.73 MPa (C)
I 10.179 (10 )−6
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
−70.73 + 00 −70.73 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + (19.60 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = −35.365 + 40.433 = +5.068 MPa ≅ 5.07 MPa (T) ............................................ Ans.
σ p 2 = −35.365 − 40.433 = −75.798 MPa ≅ 76.0 MPa (C) ......................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 5.068) − ( −75.798) = 40.4 MPa ......................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-199*
A = π (1) 4 = 0.7854 in.2
2
Q P ( x + 3) c Q P ( x + 3)( 0.50 )
σ A = Eε A = + = + = 5500 psi (a)
A I 0.7854 0.04909
Q ( Px ) c Q Px ( 0.50 )
σ B = Eε B = + = + = 4000 psi (b)
A I 0.7854 0.04909
Q ( Px ) c Q Px ( 0.50 )
σ C = Eε C = − = − = −3000 psi (c)
A I 0.7854 0.04909
From adding Eqs. (b) and (c): Q = 392.7 lb ≅ 393 lb ................................................. Ans.
Then from Eq. (b): Px = 343.63 lb
and from Eq. (a): Px + 3P = 490.90 lb
Combining these last two equations gives: P = 49.09 lb ≅ 49.1 lb ................................................ Ans.
and x = 7.00 in. .................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-200
P = 125 kN (C) Vx = 50 kN
M z = ( 50 × 0.900 ) = 45.0 kN ⋅ m
π ( 265 ) π ( 250 )
2 2
A= − = 6067.2 mm 2
4 4
π ( 265 ) π ( 250 )
4 4
I= − = 805.27 (106 ) mm 4
4 4
2r 3 2 ( 265 ) 2 ( 250 )
3 3
pr ( 2500 × 10 ) ( 0.250 )
3
Note that both A and B are on the neutral axis for bending and
the bending moment does not affect the stress at either A or B.
The affect of the other stresses is the same at both A and B.
σ x = 41.667 MPa (T)
σ y = 20.833 − 20.60 = 0.233 MPa (T)
τ xy = −4.118 MPa
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-200 (cont.)
(a) θ n = −53.13°
σ n = σ x cos 2 θ n + σ y sin 2 θ n + 2τ xy sin θ n cos θ n
= ( 41.667 ) cos 2 ( −53.13° ) + ( 0.233) sin 2 ( −53.13° )
+ 2 ( −4.118 ) sin ( −53.13° ) cos ( −53.13° )
σ n = +19.10 MPa = 19.10 MPa (T) .......................................................................... Ans.
τ nt = − (σ x − σ y ) sin θ cos θ + τ xy ( cos2 θ − sin 2 θ )
= − ( 41.667 ) − ( 0.233) sin ( −53.13° ) cos ( −53.13° )
+ ( −4.118 ) cos 2 ( −53.13° ) − sin 2 ( −53.13° )
τ nt = +21.0 MPa ............................................................................................................. Ans.
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( −4.118 )
2
(b)
2 2
σ p1 = 20.950 + 21.122 = 42.072 MPa ≅ 42.1 MPa (T) ............................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 20.950 − 21.122 = −0.172 MPa ≅ 0.172 MPa (C) ........................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 42.072 ) − ( −0.172 ) = 21.1 MPa ......................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-201
A = π ( 4 ) 4 = 12.566 in.2 I z = π ( 4 ) 64 = 12.566 in.4
2 4
P 18
σP = = = 1.4324 ksi (C)
A 12.566
M z c ( 81)( 2 )
σM = = = 12.892 ksi (T, at A)
z
Iz 12.566
Tc ( 54 )( 2 )
τT = = = 4.297 ksi
J 25.133
V Q ( 2.25 )( 5.333)
τV = x = = 0.2387 ksi
I zt (12.566 )( 4 )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-201 (cont.)
Therefore, at A:
σ x = 12.892 − 1.4324 = 11.459 ksi
σ y = 0 ksi
τ xy = 4.297 ksi
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
11.459 + 0 11.459 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( 4.297 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = 5.730 + 7.162 = +12.892 ksi ≅ 12.89 ksi (T) ...................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 5.730 − 7.162 = −1.432 ksi ≅ 1.432 ksi (C) ....................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
(12.892 ) − ( −1.432 ) = 7.16 ksi ............................................. Ans.
2 2
And at B:
σ x = −1.4324 ksi = 1.4324 ksi (C)
σ y = 0 ksi
τ xy = 4.297 + 0.2387 = 4.536 ksi
−1.4324 + 0 −1.4324 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 4.536 )
2
2 2
σ p1 = −0.7162 + 4.592 = +3.876 ksi ≅ 3.88 ksi (T) ..................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = −0.7162 − 4.592 = −5.308 ksi ≅ 5.31 ksi (C) ..................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 3.876 ) − ( −5.308) = 4.59 ksi ............................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-202*
θ = tan −1 ( 3 5 ) = 30.96°
For the entire chair:
↑ ΣFy = 0 : A + B − 84 − 28sin θ = 0
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-202* (cont.)
4 ΣM D = 0 : ( 0.4 )(84 ) − ( 0.5) Fy = 0 Fy = 67.2 N
and Dx = ( Fx − 24 ) N Dy = 16.80 N
For member BCF:
→ ΣFx = 0 : Fx + Cx − 28cos θ = 0
↑ ΣFy = 0 : 24.58 + C y − 67.2 − 28sin θ = 0
0.1667
4 ΣM D = 0 : 0.3 + ( 28 ) + ( 0.1333)( 24.58 )
sin θ
+ ( 0.1667 )( 67.2 ) − ( 0.2777 ) Fx = 0
Fx = 115.1 N Cx = −91.0 N C y = 57.0 N
On a section midway between pins C and F:
400 500
a + b = 500 mm =
a b
Therefore a = 222.2 mm b = 277.8 mm b 2 = 138.9 mm
c = 133.3 mm d = 166.7 mm d 2 = 83.4 mm
^ ΣFn = 0 : 24.6 cos 30.96° + 57.0 cos 30.96° + 91.0sin 30.96° − P = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M + ( 91.0 )(138.9 ) − ( 57.0 )( 83.4 ) − ( 24.6 )( 216.7 ) = 0
M = −2555 N ⋅ mm = 2.555 N ⋅ m 4
(10 )( 30 )
3
A = (10 × 30 ) = 300 mm 2
I= = 22.5 (103 ) mm 4
12
− P Mc − (116.79 ) ( 2.555 )( 0.015 )
σ top = + = +
A I ( 300 ×10−6 ) ( 22.5 ×10−9 )
σ top = +1.3140 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 1.314 MPa (T) ......................................................... Ans.
− P Mc − (116.79 ) ( 2.555 )( 0.015 )
σ bottom = − = −
A I ( 300 ×10−6 ) ( 22.5 ×10−9 )
σ top = −2.093 (106 ) N/m 2 ≅ 2.09 MPa (C) ............................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-203*
π ( 4)
2
E 29, 000
A= = 12.566 in.2 G= = = 11,154 ksi
4 2 (1 + ν ) 2 (1 + 0.30 )
π ( 4)
4
Q= = = 5.333 in.3
3 3
Tc VQ
At gage A: τ xy = − = σ 45° = −σ −45°
J It
σ −νσ −45° 1 +ν Tc VQ
ε 45° = 45° = − = εA
E E J It
Tc VQ
At gage C: τ xy = + = σ 45° = −σ −45°
J It
σ −νσ −45° 1 +ν Tc VQ
ε 45° = 45° = + = εC
E E J It
1 + ν Tc
Therefore: ε A + εC = 2
E J
EJ ( ε A + ε C ) ( 29, 000 )( 25.133)( 450 + 550 ) (10 )
−6
which gives T= =
2 (1 +ν ) c 2 (1 + 0.30 )( 2 )
T = 140.16 kip ⋅ in. ≅ 140.2 kip ⋅ in. .............................................................. Ans.
1 + ν VQ
Also εC − ε A = 2
E It
EIt ( ε C − ε A ) ( 29, 000 )(12.566 )( 4 )( 550 − 450 ) (10 )
−6
which gives V= =
2 (1 + ν ) Q 2 (1 + 0.30 )( 5.333)
V = 10.513 kip ≅ 10.51 kip ............................................................................ Ans.
Tc (140.16 )( 2 )
At gage B: τ xy = = = 11.153 ksi
J ( 25.133)
− Mc − M ( 2 )
σ= = = ( −0.159160 M ) ksi
I 12.566
ε B = ε x cos 2 45° + ε y sin 2 45° + γ xy sin 45° cos 45°
= (σ x E )( 0.5 ) + ( −vσ x E )( 0.5 ) + (τ xy G ) ( 0.5 )
= σ x (1 −ν ) + τ xy 2 (1 +ν ) 2 E
2 ( 29, 000 ) ( 325 × 10−6 ) = ( −0.159160M )(1 − 0.30 ) + 2 (11.154 )(1 + 0.30 )
M = 91.1 kip ⋅ in. .............................................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-204
2 ( 4503 − 4403 )
A = π ( 4502 − 4402 ) = 27,960 mm 2 Q= = 3960.7 (103 ) mm3
3
π ( 450 − 440
4 4
) = 2768.8 10 mm
I=
4
( ) 6 4
J = 2 I = 5537.5 (106 ) mm 4
M z c ( 324 × 10 ) ( 0.450 )
3
Tc Vx Q
At A: σ x = 0 MPa τ xy = + = 8.776 + 2.575 = 11.351 MPa
J It
F M xc
σy = + = 0.08773 + 1.1959 = 1.2838 MPa (C)
A I
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-204 (cont.)
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
0 − 1.2838 0 + 1.2838
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + (11.351)
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = −0.6418 + 11.369 = +10.7272 MPa ≅ 10.73 MPa (T) ...................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = −0.6418 − 11.369 = −12.0108 MPa ≅ 12.01 MPa (C) ..................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
(10.7272 ) − ( −12.0108) = 11.37 MPa ................................ Ans.
2 2
Tc
At B: σ x = 0 MPa τ xy = = 8.776 MPa
J
F M zc
σy = + = −0.08773 + 52.65 = 52.56 MPa (T)
A I
0 + 52.56 0 − 52.56
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 8.776 )
2
2 2
σ p1 = 26.28 + 27.71 = +53.99 MPa ≅ 54.0 MPa (T) ................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 53.99 ) − ( −1.430 ) = 27.7 MPa ........................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-205
4 ΣM C = 0 : (1350 )( 5) + ( 670 )( 5 ) − 10 RA = 0
RA = 1010 lb
θ = tan −1 (13 10 ) = 52.431°
At the section containing G and H:
Z ΣFn = 0 : 1010sin θ − P = 0
^ ΣFt = 0 : 1010 cos θ − V = 0
4 ΣM cut = 0 : M − (1010 cos θ )( 3.5 ) = 0
P = 800.6 lb V = 615.8 lb
M = 2155.3 lb ⋅ ft
A = ( 4 × 4 ) = 16 in.2 QH = yC A = (1.5 )( 4 × 1) = 6.00 in.3
( 4 )( 4 )
3
I= = 21.333 in.4
12
At point G:
P Mc −800.6 ( 2155.3 ×12 )( 2 )
σ= + = − = −2474.8 psi τ =0
A I 16 21.333
σ p1 = σ p 3 = 0 psi ........................ σ p 2 = −2474.8 psi ≅ 2470 psi C ............................ Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 0 ) − ( −2474.8) = 1237 psi .................................................... Ans.
2 2
At point H:
P Mc −800.6 ( 2155.3 ×12 )(1)
σ= + = + = +1162.3 psi
A I 16 21.333
VQ ( 615.8 )( 6.00 )
τ= = = 43.30 psi
It ( 21.333)( 4 )
1162.3 + 0 1162.3 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± + ( 43.30 )
2
2 2
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
(1163.91) − ( −1.61) = 583 psi ............................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-206
(a) P = 360 kN V = 270 kN
M = ( 360 )( 0.150 ) + ( 270 )( 0.450 ) = 175.5 kN ⋅ m
A = 2 (120 × 30 ) + ( 30 × 180 ) = 12, 600 mm 2
I= − = 94.50 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
P My 360 (103 ) (175.5 ×103 ) y
σx = + = +
A I 12, 600 (10−6 ) ( 94.50 × 10−6 )
= ( 28.571 + 1857.14 y ) (106 ) N/m 2
Q = (105 )(120 × 30 ) +
( 90 + y )
( 30 )( 90 − y )
2 −90 ≤ y ≤ 90 mm
= 378, 000 + 15 ( 90 − y ) mm
2 2 3
VQ ( 270 × 10 ) Q 90 ≤ y ≤ 120 mm
3
t = 120 mm
τ xy = =
It ( 94.50 × 10−6 ) t t = 30 mm −90 ≤ y ≤ 90 mm
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-206 (cont.)
y 240
(b) =
σB σ B +σC
194.29
y = 240 = 104.62 mm
194.29 + 251.43
σx + 0 σ −0
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-207
A = (1× 0.25 ) = 0.25 in 2
I= = = 0.02083 in.4
12 12
M = P ( 3) = ( 3P ) lb
P Mc P ( 3P )( 0.5) = 76.01P psi
(a) σB = + = + ( )
A I 0.25 0.02083
P Mc P ( 3P )( 0.5) = −68.01P psi
σC = − = − ( )
A I 0.25 0.02083
s 1− s
(b) =
σB σC
σB 76.01
s= = = 0.5278 in.
σ B + σ C 76.01 + 68.01
The distance s is independent of P .
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-208*
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load:
A = B = 6700 N ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 6700 N M max = 13, 400 N ⋅ m
≤ 9 (106 ) N/m 2
M max 13, 400
Then σ max = =
S S
= 1488.9 (10−6 ) m3
13, 400
S≥
9 (106 )
= 1488.9 (103 ) mm3
Try a 203 × 254-mm timber with
S = 1850 (103 ) mm3 A = 46, 000 mm 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-209*
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load: A = B = 1800 lb ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 1800 lb M max = 10,800 lb ⋅ ft
M max 10,800 × 12
Then σ max = = ≤ 1900 psi
S S
10,800 ×12
S≥ = 68.21 in.3
1900
Try an 8 × 8-in. timber with
S = 70.3 in.3 A = 56.3 in.2
I = 264 in.4 w = 15.6 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included,
the maximum moment is
(15.6 )( 20 )
2
(11.6 )( 20 )
2
11,380 × 12
M = 10,800 + = 11,380 lb ⋅ ft S≥ = 71.87 in.3
8 1900
which is still okay. Next, check the shear stress,
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-210
4 ΣM B = 0 : 1.5 P − ( 0.25 )( 275 × 9.807 ) = 0 P = 449.5 N
4 ΣM C = 0 : 1.75 ( 449.5 ) − 0.25 B = 0 B = 3147 N
M max = ( 449.5 )(1.5 ) = 674.25 N ⋅ m
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-211*
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load:
A = B = ( 4 × 16 ) 2 = 32 kip ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 32 kip M max = 128 kip ⋅ ft
M max 128 × 12
Then σ max = = ≤ 22 ksi
S S
128 × 12
S≥ = 69.82 in.3
22
Try a W 18 × 60 section with
S = 108 in.3 d = 2c = 18.24 in.
tw = 0.415 in. w = 60 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included, the maximum moment is
( 0.060 )(16 )
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-212*
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load:
A = B = 42 kN ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 42 kN M max = 82.5 kN ⋅ m
( 47 × 9.81)( 5.5)
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-213
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load: A = B = 3000 lb ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 3 kip M max = 24 kip ⋅ ft
M max 24 × 12
Then σ max = = ≤ 22 ksi
S S
24 × 12
S≥ = 13.091 in.3
22
Try a W 6 × 25 section with
S = 16.7 in.3 d = 2c = 6.38 in.
tw = 0.320 in. w = 25 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included, the maximum moment is
( 25 )( 24 )
2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-214*
4 ΣM B = 0 : (15)(8 − x ) − 8 A = 0 A = (15 − 1.875 x ) kN ↑
4 ΣM A = 0 : 8 B − 15 x = 0 B = (1.875 x ) kN ↑
For any location x , the maximum moment in the beam occurs
under the load and is equal to
M C = Ax = (15 x − 1.875 x 2 ) kN ⋅ m
The location x that makes M C a maximum is found from
dM C
= (15 − 3.75 x ) = 0
dx
which gives x = 4.00 m M max = 30 kN ⋅ m
which is still okay. Next, check the shear stress, The maximum shear stress occurs
when the load is near one of the supports ( x = 0 or x = 8 m ) and is equal to
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-215
Since the joists are spaced 16 in. (1.3333 ft) apart,
the uniformly distributed load is
w = ( 60 )(1.3333) = 80 lb/ft
By symmetry each support carries half of the total load:
A = B = (12 × 80 ) 2 = 480 lb ↑
From the shear-force and bending-moment diagrams:
Vmax = 480 lb M max = 1440 lb ⋅ ft
M max 1440 ×12
Then σ max = = ≤ 1200 psi
S S
1440 ×12
S≥ = 14.40 in.3
1200
Try a 2 × 8-in.timber with
S = 15.3 in.3 I = 57.1 in.4 A = 12.2 in.2 w = 3.39 lb/ft
When the weight of the beam is included, the maximum moment is
( 3.39 )(12 )
2
1501×12
M = 1440 + = 1501 lb ⋅ ft S≥ = 15.01 in.3
8 1200
which is still okay. Next, check the shear stress,
( 3.39 )(12 ) = 500.3 lb Vmax 1.5 ( 500.3)
Vmax = 480 + τ max = 1.5 = = 61.51 psi
2 A 12.2
which is much less than the allowable shear stress of 120 psi . Therefore, this design is okay.
Use a 2 × 8-in. timber section ............................................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-216
4 ΣM A = 0 : 6 B − 8829b − ( 8829 )( b + 1.5 ) = 0
B = ( 2943b + 2207 ) N
↑ ΣFy = 0 : A + B − 2 ( 8829 ) = 0
A = (15, 451 − 2943b ) N
Then VAC = A = (15, 451 − 2943b ) N
VCD = VAC − 8829 = ( 6622 − 2943b ) N
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-217*
M x 2 ( 4 )( 2 × 8 ) + (1)( 8 × 2 )
yC = = = 3.00 in.
A 2 ( 2 × 8) + (8 × 2 )
( 2 )( 5) (12 )( 3) (8)(1)
3 3 3
I =2 + − = 272.00 in.4
3 3 3
(a) σ max = ( 5 −1) σ A = ( −5 )( 2000 ) = −10, 000 psi = 10 ksi (C) ..................................... Ans.
−σ A I − ( 2000 )( 272.00 )
(b) Mr = = = +544 (103 ) lb ⋅ in. = 544 kip ⋅ in. ...................... Ans.
yA ( −1)
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-218*
M x (100 )( 37.5 × 200 ) + ( 225 )(100 × 50 )
yC = = = 150.0 mm
A ( 37.5 × 200 ) + (100 × 50 )
( 37.5)(150 ) (100 )(100 ) ( 62.5 )( 50 )
3 3 3
I= + − = 72.92 (106 ) mm 4
3 3 3
− M r y − (100 ×10 ) ( −0.150 )
3
σ bottom = =
I ( 72.92 ×10−6 )
σ bottom = +206 (106 ) N/m 2 = 206 MPa (T) ..................................................................... Ans.
σ top = =
I ( 72.92 ×10−6 )
σ top = −137.1(106 ) N/m 2 = 137.1 MPa (C) ................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-219
For 0 ft ≤ x ≤ 10 ft
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-220*
For 0 m ≤ x ≤ 4 m
V = − (10 ) − ( 8 )( x + 2 ) + ( 57 )
V = ( 31 − 8 x ) kN ...................................................... Ans.
M = − (10 )( x + 4 ) − ( 8 )( x + 2 )
( x + 2) +
( 57 x )
2
M = ( −4 x 2 + 31x − 56 ) kN ⋅ m .............................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-221
yC =
( 4 )(1× 8) + (8.5 )( 4 ×1)
(1× 8 ) + ( 4 ×1)
= 5.50 in.
( 4 )( 3.5 ) ( 3)( 2.5) (1)( 5.5)
3 3 3
I= − +
3 3 3
= 97.00 in.4
At M = +14.742 kip ⋅ ft
− M r y − ( −3.980 × 12 )( +3.5 )
σ top = = = +1.723 ksi
I ( 97.00 )
− M r y − ( −3.980 × 12 )( −5.5 )
σ bottom = = = −2.71 ksi
I ( 97.00 )
σ T ( max ) = 10.03 ksi (T) ........................................................................................................... Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-222
4 ΣM E = 0 : (10 )( 5) − 4 B + (15 × 2 )( 2 ) + (10 )(1) = 0
B = 30.0 kN
4 ΣM B = 0 : 4 E + (10 )(1) − (15 × 2 )( 2 ) − (10 )( 3) = 0
E = 20.0 kN
For a WT 305 × 70 section : d = 2c = 308.7 mm
yC = 75.9 mm tw = 13.1 mm
w f = 230.3 mm t f = 22.2 mm
I = 77.4 (106 ) mm 4
(a) At the bottom of the beam 2.33 m from the left support:
− Mc − ( 23.33 × 10 ) ( −0.2328 )
3
σ bottom = =
I ( 77.4 ×10−6 )
σ max T = +70.2 (106 ) N/m 2 = 70.2 MPa (T) ................................................................... Ans.
− Mc − ( −10.00 × 10 ) ( −0.2328 )
3
σ bottom = =
I ( 77.4 ×10−6 )
σ max C = −30.1(106 ) N/m 2 = 30.1 MPa (C) .................................................................... Ans.
(c) QNA = yC A = 116.4 ( 232.8 ×13.1) = 355.0 (103 ) mm3
τ = ( ) 6 2
max
( 77.4 ×10 ) ( 0.0131)
−6
τ = ( ) 6 2
J
( 77.4 ×10 ) ( 0.0131)
−6
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-223*
M ry = −6.00 kip ⋅ ft = −72.00 kip ⋅ in. M rz = 0
M ry I z + M rz I yz I z 89.0
tan β = = = = 1.69524
M rz I y + M ry I yz I yz 52.5
β = +59.46° = 59.46° 3
At point A ( y = −2.37 in. and z = +2.37 in. ):
M rz I y + M ry I yz M ry I z + M rz I yz M ry ( − I yz y + I z z )
σA = − y + z =
I y I z − I yz I y I z − I yz I y I z − I yz2
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-224
( 30 )( 75)
3
I= = 1.05469 (106 ) mm 4
12
h 75 d 20
= = 3.75 = = 0.4
d 20 b 50
From Fig. 7-34: K t ≅ 2.25
(1400 )( 0.0375) = 112.0 106 N/m2 = 112.0 MPa ............... Ans.
σ = Kt
Mc
I
= ( 2.25 )
1.05469 (10−6 )
( )
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-225*
For a W 14 × 120 section d = 2c = 14.48 in. tw = 0.590 in.
w f = 14.670 in. t f = 0.940 in. S = 190 in.3
M e = σ y S = ( 36 )(190 ) = 6840 kip ⋅ in. ............................................................................ Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-226*
QA = ( 25 )( 50 × 3) = 3.75 (103 ) mm3 QB = 0 mm3
( 6 )(100 )
3
12
τD = = = 7.81(106 ) N/m 2 τB = 0
It ( 2.00 ×10 ) ( 0.003)
−6
e=
( 937.5)(100 ) − ( 312.5)(100 ) = 25.00 mm = 25.00 mm ← ............................... Ans.
2500
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-227
Ea 10, 000
n= = = 33.33
Ep 300
σp =
My p
=
(10 )(1.5) ≤ 1 ksi IT ≥ 15.00 in.4
IT IT
nMya 33.33 (10 )(1.625 )
σa = = ≤ 20 ksi IT ≥ 27.08 in.4
IT IT
IT = − ≥ 27.08 in.4
12 12
20.36 w ≥ 22.58 w ≥ 1.109 in. .................................................................. Ans.
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-228
Es 200
n= = = 11.765
Ec 17
As = 4 π ( 20 ) 4 = 1256.6 mm 2
2
AT = nAs = 11.765 (1256.6 ) = 14, 784 mm 2
250h ( h 2 ) = 14, 784 ( 400 − h )
h 2 + 118.27 h − 47,310 = 0
From which: h = 166.27 mm 400 − h = 233.7 mm
( 250 )(166.27 )
3
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-229*
A = ( 2.25 × 3) + ( 2.5 ×1) = 9.25 in.2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-230
P = ( 320 )( 3 5 ) = 192 kN
V = ( 320 )( 4 5 ) = 256 kN
M = ( 256 )( 0.250 + 0.320 ) + (192 )( 0.240 )
= 192 kN ⋅ m
A = ( 75 × 200 ) = 15, 000 mm 2
bh3 ( 75 )( 200 )
3
I= = = 50.0 (106 ) mm 4
12 12
Q = yC A = ( 75 )( 50 × 75 ) = 281.3 (103 ) mm3
At point A: σ xA = 0 MPa
σ yA = + = +
A I 15 (10−3 ) 50.0 ×10−6
τ xyA = = ( ) 6 2
= 19.203 MPa
It ( 50.0 ×10−6 ) ( 0.075)
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
0 + 204.8 0 − 204.8
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + (19.203)
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = 102.4 + 104.19 = 206.6 MPa ≅ 207 MPa (T) ..................................................... Ans.
σ p 2 = 102.4 − 104.19 = −1.790 MPa ≅ 1.790 MPa (C) ............................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 MPa ........................................................................................................................... Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 206.6 ) − ( −1.790 ) = 104.2 MPa ......................................... Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-231
From symmetry, each of the supports carries half of the total load
RB = RC = 2900 lb
At point A:
M A = 5800 lb ⋅ ft = 69.6 kip ⋅ in.
T = ( 2500 )(12 ) − ( 400 )(12 )
= 25, 200 lb ⋅ in. = 25.20 kip ⋅ in.
I = π d 4 64 = π ( 4 ) 64 = 12.566 in.4
4
J = 2 I = 25.133 in.4
− Mc − ( 69.6 )( 2 )
σx = = = −11.078 ksi
I 12.566
σ y = 0 ksi
Tc ( 25.2 )( 2 )
τ xy = = = 2.005 ksi
J 25.133
σx +σ y σ −σ y
2
−11.078 + 0 −11.078 − 0
2
σ p1, p 2 = ± x + τ xy = ± + ( 2.005 )
2 2
2 2 2 2
σ p1 = −5.539 + 5.891 = 0.352 ksi = 0.352 ksi (T) ........................................................ Ans.
σ p 2 = −5.539 − 5.891 = −11.430 ksi = 11.43 ksi (C) ................................................... Ans.
σ p 3 = 0 ksi .............................................................................................................................. Ans.
τ max = τ p =
σ p1 − σ p 2
=
( 0.352 ) − ( −11.430 ) = 5.89 ksi ............................................ Ans.
2 2
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MECHANICS OF MATERIALS, 6th Edition RILEY, STURGES AND MORRIS
7-232*
From the bending-moment diagram:
M max = 7.5 kN ⋅ m
= 125.0 (10−6 ) m3
M 7500
S= =
σ 60 (10 )
6
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