Planet Earth

Planet Earth is the home of every lifeform, known to us, in the universe. Its age is about 1/3 of the age of the
universe and, admitted, it is a thing of beauty. A slightly squashed fair with a heavy metal core, and a lighter
surface crust, wrapped in a thin sliver of sweet air to breathe, with vast oceans, fertile plains, magnificent
mountains, fresh water rivers, streams, lakes and aquifers, orbiting a star which warms us, and gives us
energy. But how did our home come in to existence, and what's it made of?

4.6 billion years ago, Earth was created from the remnants of dead stars, that collected in a giant, dirty gas
cloud. The gas cloud became denser in its center, and formed an accretion disk. Small particles started
clumping together, and building larger and larger objects, until they form the objects we call "Planets" today.

This process took 10 to 20 million years, and is still not very well understood. At about this time, when the
solar system was young and chaotic, a giant object, about as big as Mars, collided with our home. The
impact was violent, and if the object had been more massive, it might have destroyed Earth. Materials from
Earth were smashed out into orbit, and formed the Moon, which is the biggest satellite in relation to its planet
in the solar system.

At this time, Earth was a hot hell, constantly being hit by asteroids, with seas of lava, and a toxic atmosphere.
But something was about to change drastically. Earth cooled down. Water from the inside of the Earth
wandered to the surface and rained down on Earth, only to vaporize again and become clouds. Millions of
asteroids brought more and more water to our planet. All the water on Earth has about this volume compared
to Earth.

Today, the surface of Earth is 71% water and 29% land. 97.5% is saline water, while only 2.5% is fresh water.
The Fresh water is 69% ice and snow, 30% are ground waters, and only about 1% make up the remaining
ground waters. But even this small part is mostly frozen. Only a tiny part of our water is actually lakes and
rivers and an even tinier part is bound in living things.

So, gradually the Earth cooled down, and the surface formed a thin crust. But inside the earth, hot rock
continue to swirl about, moving the crust from below and breaking it apart. This process is called "Plate
Tectonics", and is happening right now. We'll make a whole video about it in the future. For now, let's just
say that the crust of Earth consisted of separate giant plates that move around. As they meet, they crumble,
and create mighty mountains, or violently plunge back down, deeper into Earth, creating deep trenches.
That's the way the highest place on Earth was formed: Mount Everest, and the deepest: the Mariana Trench.
From our perspective, Earth's mountains and trenches are mighty indeed, but when you look at the Earth in
cross-section, you can see how tiny they actually are.

The part we stand on is the crust, which is about 50 kilometers thick, though it can vary between 5 and 70
kilometers By the way, the deepest hole ever drilled by man is 12.262 kilometers deep. After the crust, comes
the mantle. It's a silicate rocky shell, and about 2,900 kilometers thick. The mantle consists of the upper
mantle, and the lower mantle. The upper mantle has different regions, too. It's upper part, which is viscous
and carries the crust, is called the "Lithosphere." After that, there comes the "Asthenosphere," which consists
of less mobile, mostly solid material. The lower mantle reaches deep down to the outer core of Earth. Earth's
outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel, about 2,266 kilometers thick. Temperatures vary from
4,000℃(7,232℉) to 5,700℃(10,292℉).

And in the center, is the inner core. It's mostly solid, a ball made of an iron-nickel alloy. with a radius of about
1,200 kilometers. 70% of the size of the moon, and about the temperature of the surface of the Sun. It is
slowly growing at an estimated rate of about 1mm/year. Now, for some respective, this small layer of
crystallized melt products of former molten mantle, is where we live.

Then, there's Earth's magnetic field. It's an invisible phenomenon that diverts high energy particles coming
from the Sun and other sources, allowing for a stable environment with comparatively little radiation impact
on Earth. But why is it there? Actually, we don't really know a terrible lot about that. We know, it has
something to do with the core of Earth. Inside this metal sphere, large electrical currents flow in complicated
patterns. They cause a magnetic field, that sort of stabilizes itself according to the laws of electrodynamics.
This entire system is called the "Dynamo." But, don't let us fool you into thinking we have it all figured out.

Speaking of breath-taking information, what about the airy stuff that surrounds us? By volume, dry air
consists mostly of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon, a variable mount of water vapor, and small amounts
of other gases. Humans are very dependent on the lowest layer of the atmosphere: the Troposphere - Where
the weather is. It's 12 kilometers thick on average. Above that is the Stratosphere, which is where the ozone
layer protects us from the sun's most aggressive type of light. Above that is the Mesosphere - the coolest
place on Earth, with an average temperature around -85℃ (-121℉). At about 80 kilometers up, the
Thermosphere starts. The transition to space is a fluent one, without clear borders. but humans decided that
space starts here.

At about 100 kilometers, Earth stops, and space begins, though the atmosphere extends a bit further. In this
region, we find the Ionosphere, the aurora borealis, and the ISS, and the outermost layer is the Exosphere,
stretching up to 10,000 kilometers. It merges fluently with outer space, where there's no atmosphere at all.
The atoms and molecules in this area are so far apart, that they can travel hundreds of kilometres without
colliding with each other. OK. Humans, in their present form, have only been around for 200,000 years -
that's 0.004% of Earth's history. Not long, really.

And, here we are now, living in a thin, moist layer on a small, wet rock. We call this rock: Earth. It is the
product of the universe's deepest workings, the result of a constant process of creation and destruction,
happening all of the universe, all the time, helped by chance, the laws of the universe and random events,
we are really lucky.
 Planet Earth

Planet Earth is the home of every lifeform, known to us, in the universe. Its age is about 1/3 of the age of the
universe and, admitted, it is a thing of ___________. A slightly squashed fair with a heavy metal core, and a
lighter surface crust, wrapped in a thin sliver of sweet air to breathe, with vast oceans, fertile plains,
___________mountains, fresh water rivers, streams, lakes and aquifers, orbiting a star which
___________us, and gives us energy. But how did our home come in to ___________, and what's it made
of?

4.6 billion years ago, Earth was created from the ___________of dead stars, that collected in a giant, dirty
gas cloud. The gas cloud became denser in its ___________, and formed an accretion disk. Small
___________started clumping together, and building larger and larger objects, until they form the objects we
call "___________" today.

This process took 10 to 20 million years, and is still not very well understood. At about this time, when the
solar system was young and ___________, a giant object, about as big as Mars, collided with our home. The
impact was ___________, and if the object had been more massive, it might have ___________Earth.
Materials from Earth were smashed out into orbit, and formed the Moon, which is the biggest ___________in
relation to its planet in the solar system.

At this time, Earth was a hot hell, constantly being hit by asteroids, with seas of ___________, and a toxic
atmosphere. But something was about to change ___________. Earth cooled down. Water from the inside
of the Earth wandered to the ___________and rained down on Earth, only to ___________again and become
clouds. Millions of asteroids brought more and more water to our planet. All the water on Earth has about this
volume compared to Earth.

Today, the surface of Earth is 71% water and 29% land. 97.5% is saline water, while only 2.5% is fresh water.
The Fresh water is 69% ice and snow, 30% are ground waters, and only about 1% make up the remaining
ground waters. But even this small part is mostly ___________. Only a tiny part of our water is actually lakes
and rivers and an even tinier part is bound in living things.

So, gradually the Earth cooled down, and the surface formed a thin crust. But inside the earth, hot rock
continue to ___________about, moving the crust from below and breaking it apart. This process is called
"Plate Tectonics", and is happening right now. We'll make a whole video about it in the future. For now, let's
just say that the crust of Earth consisted of ___________giant plates that move around. As they meet, they
crumble, and create mighty mountains, or ___________plunge back down, deeper into Earth, creating deep
trenches. That's the way the highest place on Earth was formed: Mount Everest, and the deepest: the Mariana
Trench. From our ___________, Earth's mountains and trenches are mighty indeed, but when you look at
the Earth in cross-section, you can see how tiny they actually are.

The part we stand on is the crust, which is about 50 kilometers thick, though it can vary between 5 and 70
kilometers By the way, the ___________hole ever drilled by man is 12.262 kilometers deep. After the crust,
comes the mantle. It's a silicate rocky shell, and about 2,900 kilometers thick. The mantle ___________of
the upper mantle, and the lower mantle. The upper mantle has different ___________, too. It's upper part,
which is viscous and carries the crust, is called the "Lithosphere." After that, there comes the
"Asthenosphere," which consists of less mobile, mostly solid material. The lower mantle ___________deep
down to the outer core of Earth. Earth's outer core is a liquid layer of iron and nickel, about 2,266 kilometers
thick. Temperatures vary from 4,000℃(7,232℉) to 5,700℃(10,292℉).

And in the center, is the inner core. It's mostly solid, a ball made of an iron-nickel alloy. with a radius of about
1,200 kilometers. 70% of the size of the moon, and about the ___________of the surface of the Sun. It is
slowly growing at an estimated rate of about 1mm/year. Now, for some respective, this small layer of
crystallized melt products of former molten mantle, is where we live.

Then, there's Earth's magnetic field. It's an invisible ___________that diverts high energy particles coming
from the Sun and other sources, allowing for a stable environment with comparatively little
___________impact on Earth. But why is it there? Actually, we don't really know a ___________lot about
that. We know, it has something to do with the core of Earth. Inside this metal sphere, large electrical currents
flow in complicated ___________. They cause a magnetic field, that sort of stabilizes itself according to the
laws of electrodynamics. This entire system is called the "___________." But, don't let us fool you into
thinking we have it all figured out.

Speaking of ___________information, what about the airy stuff that surrounds us? By volume, dry air consists
mostly of Nitrogen, Oxygen, Argon, Carbon, a variable mount of ___________, and small amounts of other
gases. Humans are very dependent on the lowest layer of the atmosphere: the Troposphere - Where the
___________is. It's 12 kilometers thick on average. Above that is the Stratosphere, which is where the ozone
layer protects us from the sun's most ___________type of light. Above that is the Mesosphere - the coolest
place on Earth, with an ___________temperature around -85℃ (-121℉). At about 80 kilometers up, the
Thermosphere starts. The transition to space is a fluent one, without clear borders. but humans decided that
space ___________here.

At about 100 kilometers, Earth stops, and space begins, though the atmosphere extends a bit further. In this
region, we find the Ionosphere, the aurora borealis, and the ISS, and the outermost layer is the Exosphere,
___________up to 10,000 kilometers. It merges fluently with outer space, where there's no atmosphere at
all. The atoms and molecules in this area are so far apart, that they can travel hundreds of kilometres without
___________with each other. OK. Humans, in their present form, have only been around for 200,000 years
- that's 0.004% of Earth's history. Not long, really.

And, here we are now, living in a thin, ___________layer on a small, wet rock. We call this rock: Earth. It is
the product of the universe's deepest workings, the result of a constant process of creation and ___________,
happening all of the universe, all the time, helped by ___________, the laws of the universe and random
events, we are really ___________.
 Did you know?

1. How old is the Earth? ___________________________

2. Where did the materials that made the Earth come

___________________________
from?

3. How did the Moon form? ___________________________

 ________ water
4. What is the percentage between water and land?  ________ land

What is the percentage between saline water and fresh  ________ saline water
5.
water?  ________ fresh water

 ________ ice and snow

6. What is the percentage among the divisions of water?  ________ ground water
 ________ remaining water

7. What the highest point on the Earth? ___________________________

8. What the lowest point on the Earth? ___________________________

9. How deep has mankind ever drilled? ___________________________

 ________ mantle
10. What is the exact thickness of each layer of the Earth?  ________ outer core
 ________ inner core

11. What is the growth rate of the inner core per year? ___________________________

12. What’s the use of the Earth’s magnetic field? ___________________________

13. What is the name of the process where the Earth’s core
___________________________
generate magnetic field?

i. _______________________
14. What kind of gases are available in the Earth’s ii. _______________________
atmosphere? iii. _______________________

i. _______________________
15. Name three layers of atmosphere. ii. _______________________
iii. _______________________

16. Which layer of atmosphere do human live in? ___________________________

17. How long have humans been around? ___________________________

18. What is the percentage of the Earth’s history? ___________________________

 I’m Not Afraid

I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)

To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the storm
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not alone
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same road (same road)

Yeah, it's been a ride

I guess I had to, go to that place, to get to this one
Now some of you, might still be in that place
If you're trying to get out, just follow me
I'll get you there

You can try and read my lyrics off of this paper before I lay 'em
But you won't take the sting out these words before I say 'em
'Cause ain't no way I'mma let you stop me from causing mayhem
When I say I'mma do something I do it,
I don't give a damn what you think,
I'm doing this for me, so **** the world
Feed it beans, it's gassed up, if it thinks it's stopping me
I'mma be what I set out to be, without a doubt undoubtedly
And all those who look down on me I'm tearing down your balcony
No ifs, ands or buts, don't try to ask him why or how can he
From "Infinite" down to the last "Relapse" album
He's still ****, whether he's on salary paid hourly
Until he bows out or he **** his bowels out of him
Whichever comes first, for better or worse
He's married to the game, like a "**** you" for Christmas
His gift is a curse, forget the Earth, he's got the urge
To pull his **** from the dirt, and **** the whole universe

I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)

To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the storm
 Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not alone
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same road (same road)

Okay quit playing with the scissors and ****, and cut the crap
I shouldn't have to rhyme these words in the rhythm for you to know it's a rap
You said you was king, you lied through your teeth,
For that **** your feelings/fillings,
Instead of getting crowned you're getting capped
And to the fans, I'll never let you down again, I'm back
I promise to never go back on that promise,
in fact let's be honest,
that last "Relapse" CD was eh
Perhaps I ran them accents into the ground
Relax, I ain't going back to that now
All I'm trying to say is get back, click-clack, blow
'Cause I ain't playing around
It's a game called circle and I don't know how, I'm way too up to back down
But I think I'm still trying to figure this crap out
Thought I had it mapped out but I guess I didn't, this **** black cloud
Still follows me around but it's time to exorcise these demons
These **** are doing jumping jacks now!

I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)

To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the storm
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not alone
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same road (same road)

And I just can't keep living this way

So starting today, I'm breaking out of this cage
I'm standing up, I'mma face my demons
I'm manning up, I'mma hold my ground
I've had enough, now I'm so fed up
Time to put my life back together right now! (now)

It was my decision to get clean, I did it for me

 Admittedly, I probably did it subliminally
For you, so I could come back a brand-new me you helped see me through
And don't even realize what you did, 'cause believe me you
I've been through the ringer, but they could do little to the middle finger
I think I got a tear in my eye, I feel like the king of
My world, haters can make like bees with no stingers
And drop dead, no more beef lingers
No more drama from now on, I wanna promise
To focus solely on handling my responsibilities as a father
So I solemnly swear to always treat this roof, like my daughters
And raise it, you couldn't lift a single shingle on it!
'Cause the way I feel, I'm strong enough to go to the club
Or the corner pub, and lift the whole liquor counter up
'Cause I'm raising the bar
I'd shoot for the moon but I'm too busy gazing at stars
I feel amazing and I'm...

I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)

To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the storm
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not alone
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same road (same road)
 I’m Not Afraid
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the
__________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same
__________ (same road)
Yeah, it's been a ride
I guess I had to, go to that place, to get to this one
Now some of you, might still be in that place
If you're trying to get out, just follow me
I'll get you there
You can __________and __________my lyrics off
of this paper before I lay 'em
But you won't take the sting out these words before I
say 'em
'Cause ain't no way I'mma let you stop me from
causing __________
When I say I'mma do something I do it,
I don't give a damn what you __________,
I'm doing this for me, so **** the world
Feed it beans, it's gassed up, if it thinks it's
__________me
I'mma be what I set out to be, without a doubt
undoubtedly
And all those who __________ __________ on me
I'm tearing down your balcony
No ifs, ands or buts, don't try to ask him why or how
can he
From "Infinite" down to the last "Relapse" album
He's still ****, whether he's on salary paid hourly
Until he bows out or he **** his bowels out of him
Whichever comes first, for better or worse
He's married to the game, like a "**** you" for
Christmas
His gift is a curse, forget the Earth, he's got the urge
To pull his **** from the dirt, and **** the whole
__________
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the
__________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same
__________ (same road)
Okay quit playing with the __________and ****, and
cut the crap
I shouldn't have to rhyme these words in the rhythm
for you to know it's a rap
You said you was __________, you lied through
your teeth,
For that **** your feelings/fillings,
Instead of getting crowned you're getting capped
And to the fans, I'll never __________ __________
__________again, I'm back
I promise to never go back on that promise,
in fact let's be __________,
that last "Relapse" CD was eh
Perhaps I ran them accents into the ground
Relax, I ain't going back to that now
All I'm trying to say is __________ __________,
click-clack, blow
'Cause I ain't playing around
It's a game called circle and I don't know how, I'm
way too up to __________ __________
But I think I'm still trying to figure this crap out
Thought I had it mapped out but I guess I didn't, this
**** black cloud
Still follows me around but it's time to exorcise these
__________
These **** are doing jumping jacks now!
 I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the
__________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same
__________ (same road)
And I just can't keep living this __________
So starting today, I'm __________ __________of
this cage
I'm standing up, I'mma face my __________
I'm manning up, I'mma __________ __________
__________
I've had enough, now I'm so __________
__________
Time to put my life back __________right now!
(now)
'Cause the way I feel, I'm __________enough to go
to the club
Or the corner pub, and lift the whole liquor counter
up
'Cause I'm raising the bar
I'd shoot for the __________but I'm too busy gazing
at __________
I feel amazing and I'm...
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the
__________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same
__________ (same road)

It was my decision to get clean, I did it for me

Admittedly, I probably did it subliminally
For you, so I could come back a brand-new me you
helped see me __________
And don't even realize what you did, 'cause believe
me you
I've been through the ringer, but they could do little
to the middle finger
I think I got a __________in my eye, I feel like the
king of
My world, haters can make like bees with no
stingers
And drop dead, no more beef lingers
No more __________from now on, I wanna promise
To focus solely on handling my __________as a
father
So I solemnly swear to always treat this roof, like my
__________
And raise it, you couldn't lift a single shingle on it!
 I’m Not Afraid
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the __________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same __________ (same road)
Yeah, it's been a ride
I guess I had to, go to that place, to get to this one
Now some of you, might still be in that place
If you're trying to get out, just follow me
I'll get you there
You can __________and __________my lyrics off of this paper before I lay
'em
But you won't take the sting out these words before I say 'em
'Cause ain't no way I'mma let you stop me from causing __________
When I say I'mma do something I do it,
I don't give a damn what you __________,
I'm doing this for me, so **** the world
Feed it beans, it's gassed up, if it thinks it's __________me
I'mma be what I set out to be, without a doubt undoubtedly
And all those who __________ __________ on me I'm tearing down your
balcony
No ifs, ands or buts, don't try to ask him why or how can he
From "Infinite" down to the last "Relapse" album
He's still ****, whether he's on salary paid hourly
Until he bows out or he **** his bowels out of him
Whichever comes first, for better or worse
He's married to the game, like a "**** you" for Christmas
His gift is a curse, forget the Earth, he's got the urge
To pull his **** from the dirt, and **** the whole __________
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the __________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same __________ (same road)
Okay quit playing with the __________and ****, and cut the crap
I shouldn't have to rhyme these words in the rhythm for you to know it's a rap
You said you was __________, you lied through your teeth,
For that **** your feelings/fillings,
Instead of getting crowned you're getting capped
And to the fans, I'll never __________ __________ __________again, I'm
back
I promise to never go back on that promise,
in fact let's be __________,
that last "Relapse" CD was eh
Perhaps I ran them accents into the ground
Relax, I ain't going back to that now
 All I'm trying to say is __________ __________, click-clack, blow
'Cause I ain't playing around
It's a game called circle and I don't know how, I'm way too up to __________
__________
But I think I'm still trying to figure this crap out
Thought I had it mapped out but I guess I didn't, this **** black cloud
Still follows me around but it's time to exorcise these __________
These **** are doing jumping jacks now!
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the __________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same __________ (same road)
And I just can't keep living this __________
So starting today, I'm __________ __________of this cage
I'm standing up, I'mma face my __________
I'm manning up, I'mma __________ __________ __________
I've had enough, now I'm so __________ __________
Time to put my life back __________right now! (now)
It was my decision to get clean, I did it for me
Admittedly, I probably did it subliminally
For you, so I could come back a brand-new me you helped see me
__________
And don't even realize what you did, 'cause believe me you
I've been through the ringer, but they could do little to the middle finger
I think I got a __________in my eye, I feel like the king of
My world, haters can make like bees with no stingers
And drop dead, no more beef lingers
No more __________from now on, I wanna promise
To focus solely on handling my __________as a father
So I solemnly swear to always treat this roof, like my __________
And raise it, you couldn't lift a single shingle on it!
'Cause the way I feel, I'm __________enough to go to the club
Or the corner pub, and lift the whole liquor counter up
'Cause I'm raising the bar
I'd shoot for the __________but I'm too busy gazing at __________
I feel amazing and I'm...
I'm not afraid (I'm not afraid)
To take a stand (to take a stand)
Everybody (everybody)
Come take my hand (come take my hand)
We'll walk this road together, through the __________
Whatever weather, cold or warm
Just letting you know that you're not __________
Holler if you feel like you've been down the same __________ (same road)