THE UNIVERSITY OF TRINIDAD & TOBAGO

FINAL ASSESSMENT/EXAMINATIONS DECEMBER, 2012

Course Code and Title: THRM 2001 THERMODYNAMICS 1

Programme: NETD MECHANICAL ENGINEERING DIPLOMA

Date and Time: Tuesday 11th December, 2012 1:00 – 4:00 pm

Duration: 3 Hours

PLEASE READ ALL INSTRUCTIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE YOU BEGIN THIS

EXAMINATION

Instructions to Candidates

1. This paper has 4 pages and 5 questions (Formula sheet and tables attached)
2. You are required to answer all 5 questions.

Key Examination Protocol

1. Students please note that academic dishonesty (or cheating) includes but is not limited to
plagiarism, collusion, falsification, replication, taking unauthorised notes or devices into an
examination, obtaining an unauthorised copy of the examination paper, communicating or
trying to communicate with another candidate during the examination, and being a party to
impersonation in relation to an examination.
2. The above mentioned and any other actions which compromise the integrity of the academic
evaluation process will be fully investigated and addressed in accordance with UTT’s
academic regulations.
3. Please be reminded that speaking without the Invigilator’s permission is NOT allowed.

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December 2012 Final Examinations
THRM 2001
Question 1 Total Marks: [20]

a) Explain in your own words the First Law of Thermodynamics. (3)

b) Explain in your own words the Second Law of Thermodynamics. (3)

c) With the aid of a diagram explain the operation of the Simple Heat Engine, explaining the
Heat and Work Transfers (3)

d) Explain one practical example of a Reversed Heat Engine. (3)

e) A steam plant uses 3050 kg/hr of coal. The steam produced is fed to a turbine whose
output is 4 MW. The calorific value of the coal is 30 MJ/kg. Determine the thermal
efficiency of the plant. (8)

Question 2 Total Marks: [20]

a) Explain what is meant by a closed system, giving an example. (4)

b) In a non flow process, 50 kJ/kg of heat is lost to a cooling system. The work done by the
system is 35 kJ/kg. If 0.25 kg of fluid is used, calculate the change in internal energy in
kJ. Is it an increase or decrease? (8)

c) During the adiabatic compression stroke of an engine, the internal energy increase is
3000 kJ. Calculate the work done. Is it done on the system or by the system? (8)

Question 3 Total Marks: [20]

a) Explain what is meant by an open system, giving an example. (4)

b) In the turbine of a gas turbine unit the gasses flow through the turbine at 17 kg/s and
the power developed by the turbine is 14000 kW. The specific enthalpies of the gases
at inlet and outlet are 1200 kJ and 360 kJ / kg respectively, and the velocities of the
gases at inlet and outlet are 60 m/s and 150 m/s respectively. Calculate the rate at
which heat is rejected from the turbine. Find also the area of the inlet pipe given that
the specific volume of the gases at inlet is 0.5 m³ /kg. (16)

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December 2012 Final Examinations
THRM 2001
Question 4 Total Marks: [20]

A particular gas has initial pressure, volume and temperature 400 kPa, 0.05 m3 and 30oC
respectively. It is expanded to 200 kPa adiabatically. Its pressure is then increased at
constant volume to 250 kPa. It is then compressed isothermally back to its initial conditions.

Sketch the cycle on a P-V diagram. (4)

Also Calculate:

a) The mass of the gas (3)

b) The work done in each process (6)

c) The net work of the cycle (3)

d) The change in internal energy for each process. (4)

Assume cp= 1.05 kJ/kgK and cv= 0.75 kJ/kgK.

Question 5 Total Marks: [20]

2.0 kg of steam with dryness fraction 0.9 is at 0.8 MN/m2.

a) Calculate the volume occupied by the steam at this condition. (4)

b) If the volume is expanded adiabatically to 0.2 MN/m2 according to PV 1.12 = c, find:

i. The new dryness fraction (6)

ii. The change in internal energy (5)

iii. The change in enthalpy. (5)

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December 2012 Final Examinations
THRM 2001
 FORMULA SHEET

Process n P-V P-T T-V Heat Work ÄU ÄH ÄS

Const V ∞ T1 P1 mcv(T2-T1) 0 mcv(T2-T1) mcp(T2-T1) T 
 mcv ln  2 
T2 P2  T1 

Isobaric 0 T1 V1 mcp(T2-T1) P(V2-V1) mcv(T2-T1) mcp(T2-T1) T 

 mR(T2-T1) mc p ln  2 
T2 V2  T1 

Isothermal 1 P1  V2  P  P  0 0 P 
  PV ln 1  PV ln 1  mR ln  1 
P2  V1   P2   P2   P2 
V  V 
PV ln 2  PV ln 2 
 V1   V1 
P  P 
mRT ln 1  mRT ln 1 
 P2   P2 
Polytropic n n n 1
T1  V2 
n 1 mcn(T2-T1) mR(T1  T2 ) mcv(T2-T1) mcp(T2-T1) T 
P1  V2  T1  P1  mcn ln  2 
  n
  n 1
P2  V1    T2  V1  T1 
T2  P2   P1V1  P2V2
n 1
Adiabatic ã   1
T1  V2 
 1 0 mR(T1  T2 ) mcv(T2-T1) mcp(T2-T1) 0
P1  V2  T1  P1  
       1
P2  V1  T2  P2  T2  V1 
P1V1  P2V2
 1
mcv(T1-T2)

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December 2012 Final Examinations
THRM 2001