Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
Materials:
– safety glasses
– six petri dishes
– one scalpel
– celery stalk
– one 900mL beaker
– five 1000mL glass jars
– six 25mL beakers
– pure water
– salt water solutions (5 different concentrations)
– tape
– ruler
Procedure: See Pre-Lab
Observations:
Conclusion:
(Jacob) When a celery piece is placed in pure distilled water the concentration
of water on the outside of the celery is greater than the amount inside the celery.
Therefore the celery piece is in a hypotonic condition of osmosis (Osmosis:
Background). Water molecules, due to the concentration gradient, will diffuse
through the cell membrane of the celery to balance the concentration gradient
(Osmosis: Background). This results in the vacuole or vacuoles of the individual cells
of the celery pieces to expand and fill up with water to the point where the vacuole
or vacuoles will put pressure on the cell wall of the celery cells making all the cells
turgid. The cells will become enlarged and swollen causing the celery to grow in
length, width and height. However, when the concentration of salt within the water
is increased, the salt ions, being a charged particle, will attract the water molecules
on the outside and the inside of the cells towards themselves due to the
electrostatic attractions between the molecules (Clark). Water will diffuse out of the
cell and as water exits the cell, the vacuoles in the cells (membranes containing
water) will lose water (Diffusion and Osmosis). As the vacuoles lose water the
pressure that is exerted by the vacuoles on the cell wall, called turgor pressure
(which provides stability and support to the cell) will decrease causing the cell to
shrink and shrivel (Diffusion and Osmosis)(Osmosis (Cellular) – Osmosis in Plant
Cells).
(Sarosh) Lysis did not occur in the celery pieces for two primary reasons. One
of them being that plant cells can store a great deal more water than an animal cell
due to the fact that plant cells have larger vacuoles, as well as having the additional
feature of a cell wall (Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells).When pure distilled water enters
the cell, the plant cell expands, causing noticeable growth, however the cell wall will
prevent the cell from bursting (Osmosis (Cellular) – Osmosis in Plant Cells). Unlike in
an animal cell that lacks a cell wall, all the water entering the cell would have
caused the cell to burst and lysis would have occurred. However in a plant cell, the
plant cell wall, made of cellulose, limits the amount of water the cell can intake,
because the cell wall exerts pressure as water enters the cell, preventing too much
water from entering the cell and causing the cell to burst (Osmosis (Cellular) –
Osmosis in Plant Cells). This pressure is called turgor pressure (Osmosis (Cellular) –
Osmosis in Plant Cells). Another major reason why lysis didn’t occur in the celery
pieces is due to having a very large vacuole, which can store large quantities of
water. Up to 90% of a plant cells volume can be occupied by a vacuole or several
vacuoles (Plant Cells vs. Animal Cells). A contractile vacuole takes up water from
the cytosol and, unlike an animal vacuole, periodically discharges its contents
through fusion with the plasma membrane (Different Cells have Different Have
Various Mechanisms for Controlling Cell Volume). A cellulose composed cell wall as
well as having a water storing and ejecting vacuole allows the cell to remain turgid
at all times when filled with water and making lysis impossible.
(Jacob) According to our graph, the isotonic salt concentration is 1.35
g/100mL. This is the concentration where the celery molecules achieve dynamic
equilibrium, where “water diffuses in and out of the cell at the same rate” (Brown).
(Jacob) According to graph 1, the length of the celery if it started at 30mm
and was put in a 2.4g/ 100mL of salt solution for the same amount of time as the
rest of the pieces; it would have had a decreased length of 2mm. The resulting
length would have been 28mm.
(Sarosh) When dry sugar is sprinkled on a bowl of strawberries, an artificial
concentration gradient of glucose is being created where there are more glucose
molecules on the outside of the cell than on the inside. Due to the polar charge of a
glucose molecule, water molecules will be attracted to the glucose molecules on the
outside the strawberry cells and will diffuse to the outside of the cell to try and
dissolve the sugar (Intermolecular Forces). “Depending on the amount of sugar
added and the water content of the strawberries, the result is a very sweet juice
surrounding the pieces of strawberry” (Hoff).
Bibliography
http://www.differencebetween.net/science/health/difference-between-
diffusion-and-osmosis/
Author Unknown. "Different Cells Have Various Mechanisms for Controlling Cell
Volume". 15.8 Osmosis,
Web. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bookshelf/br.fcgi?book=mcb&part=A4142
(September 26,
2010).
http://sciweb.henryford.cc.mi.us/biology/jacobs/bio131/diffusion/Diff&Os.html
(September 25,
2010).
http://www.etomica.org/app/modules/sites/Osmosis_old/Background1.html
(September 30,
2010)
http://science.jrank.org/pages/4931/Osmosis-Cellular-Osmosis-in-plant-
cells.html (September
25, 2010).
online.org/kb/article.php?p=/11/1_plant_cells_vs_animal_cells.htm
(September 28,
2010).
Brown, T. “Osmosis”.
http://www.tvdsb.on.ca/westmin/science/sbi3a1/cells/osmosis.htm (September
25, 2010).
30, 2010).