(https://r Danilla Grando 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/549)
22 Jun 2018

45. Draw a table that compares the biochemical and cell count findings in bacterial, viral and
tuberculous meningitis

 Reply

(https Rana Alateeq 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/127848)
3 Sep 2018

Rana Alateeq 3729288

 Reply

(https://r Danilla Grando 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/549)
22 Jun 2018

46. What is polio and why is it no longer seen in Australia?

 Reply

(https Najima Ahmadi 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/79304)
3 Sep 2018

s3604530

 Reply

(https://r Danilla Grando 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/549)
22 Jun 2018

47. What is rabies? Describe how treatment attempts to save the life of someone bitten by a rabid
animal.

 Reply

(https
 Xuerui Guo 
(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/112801)
3 Sep 2018

Xuerui GUO 3705905

 Reply

(https Xuerui Guo 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/112801)
Yesterday

What is rabies?
a deadly infectious encephalitis caused by Lyssavirus, a single-stranded RNA virus(1)
main cause of human infection: dog bite(1)
Virus can be dormant for years, but once symptoms appear, the progression is
irreversible(1)
clinical symptoms: fever with pain, discomfort of bite site, hydrophobia(2)

Figure 1. Overview of rabies(3)

Treatment: Post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP)(4)

1. First-aid
Immediate extensive wash (>15 min) of bite site
Preferable with soap/ povidone-iodine/ detergent to kill virus
2. Human rabies immune globulin (HRIG) (5)
 Passive immunity against virus
IgG Antibodies from immunized human donor’s serum
Recommended dose : 20 IU/kg body weight (including children)
NOT given after 7 days of first vaccine shot (may decrease immune response)
Complications: pain and soreness at injection site

Figure 2. HRIG injections sites(6)

3. Vaccine
Active immunity against virus, takes 7-10 days(5)
2 available kinds in Australia:(7)

      Human diploid cell rabies vaccine (HDCV)

      Purified chicken embryo cell vaccine (PCECV)

Complications: local pain and swelling, immune complex reactions(5)

Precautions: Patient with previous allergic reaction to eggs or egg proteins should receive
HDCV(7)
Figure 3. PEP Algorithm for possible exposure to lyssaviruses from an animal in a rabies-
enzootic area(7)

References:
 1. CDC - The Rabies Virus - Rabies [Internet]. Cdc.gov. 2018 [cited 20 September 2018].
Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/rabies/transmission/virus.html
2. Rabies - Symptoms and causes [Internet]. Mayo Clinic. 2018 [cited 20 September 2018].
Available from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/rabies/symptoms-
causes/syc-20351821
3. Illinois Bat and Rabid Animals Warning 2017 | Attic Solutions [Internet]. Attic-
solutions.com. 2018 [cited 21 September 2018]. Available from: https://attic-
solutions.com/illinois-rabid-animals-warning-2017/ (https://attic-
solutions.com/illinois-rabid-animals-warning-2017/)
4. Rabies [Internet]. World Health Organization. 2018 [cited 21 September 2018]. Available
from: http://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/rabies
5. Hankins DG, Rosekrans JA. Overview, prevention, and treatment of rabies. Mayo Clinic
Proceedings. 2004;79(5):671-6.
6. Prevention / Treatment | Maricopa County, AZ [Internet]. Maricopa.gov. 2018 [cited 21
September 2018]. Available from: https://www.maricopa.gov/2337/Prevention-Treatment
7. Rabies and other lyssaviruses | The Australian Immunisation Handbook [Internet]. The
Australian Immunisation Handbook. 2018 [cited 21 September 2018]. Available from:
https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/vaccine-preventable-diseases/rabies-
and-other-lyssaviruses (https://immunisationhandbook.health.gov.au/vaccine-
preventable-diseases/rabies-and-other-lyssaviruses)

 Reply

(https://r Danilla Grando 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/549)
22 Jun 2018

48. What agar plates are used to culture bacteria from meningitis? Which bacteria grow on these
plates and what do they look like when they grow on these plates? A table and some pictures
would be ideal?

 Reply

(https Sami Abdulrahman A Alghamdi 

(https://rmit.instructure.com/courses/17094/users/34886)
3 Sep 2018

Sami Alghamdi

S3620304

 Reply