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What is new?
Dr.Venugopalan P P
Director and Lead consultant in
Emergency Medicine
Aster DM Healthcare
What is GCS?
FI VE rbal
Verbal Response
● Obey commands
● Localizing
● Normal flexion
● Abnormal flexion
● Extension
● None
Best motor response
Charts
Confounding factors rendering one or more components
of the Glasgow Coma Scale untestable
characteristics
Strategies to improve GCS
● No
CT Abnormalities ● Only One
● Two or more
GCS-PA CT charts
● Simplify three different abnormal CT findings into scores
based solely on the number of abnormalities
● Created two sets of three predictive charts based on the
GCS-P plus patient age and number of CT abnormalities
(GCS-PA CT charts)
● Charts for No CT abnormalities ,Only one abnormalities &
Two or More abnormalities
GCS-PA CT charts
1. One chart follows probabilities of death 6 months after
injury
2. Other set follows probabilities of favourable outcome at
the same time point.
● Charts can be used by clinicians in decision making
● Communicating predictive information to other clinicians,
patients, and caregivers.
GCS PA CT
Prediction Charts
GCS PA
CT-
prediction
charts
6 months
Mortality
No CT
findings
GCS PA
CT
prediction
charts
6 months
mortality
Only
One CT
findings
GCS-PA
CT
prediction
charts
6 month
mortality
Two or
more
CT
findings
GCS PA CT
Prediction
chart
6 months
Favorable
outcome
No CT
Findings
GCS PA CT
Prediction
chart
6 months
Favorable
outcome
Only One
CT
Findings
GCS PA CT
Prediction
chart
6 months
Favorable
outcome
Two or
More CT
Findings
GCS-P- A - CT prognostic Tables
● Developed from data created by the IMPACT and
CRASH studies
● These studies include patients exhibiting a wide spectrum
of haematoma.
● The size of the haematoma or severity of subarachnoid
haemorrhage does not need to be separately considered
● Size and severity will influence the GCS and pupil
reactivity
Summary
Authors response on the studies