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ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION
AIM OF PROJECT
LITERATURE REVIEW
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
RESULTS
PROGRESS OF PROJECT
EXPECTED OUTCOME
SCHEDULE OF THE PROJECT
ABSTRACT
In many situations, industrial and
infrastructural projects are considered on soft
and weak soil of low bearing capacity. Under
these circumstances, the geotechnical
engineers normally opt for a suitable ground
improvement technique, to improve bearing
capacity and reduce settlements. In these
situations, use of Geosynthetics has been
proven. But, use of Geosynthetics is not cost
effective. Geosynthetics gives tensile strength
to the soil, which is very poor in tension.
If a replacement is found for this type of
geosynthetics material, which can be of low
cost and easily available then it proves to be
economical. For this purpose, an emptied
cement bag made out of polymeric material can
be used as a geosynthetic material. Improved
bearing capacity can be expected when a
emptied cement bags are used as a reinforcing
and stabilizing material to the various soils. A
detoriated emptied cement bag is used as a
stabilizing material to the cohesive soil.
Cohesive soils have less density, less load
bearing capacity. So, expansive soils are
stabilized using emptied cement bags as a
stabilizing material. The load bearing capacity
and density are found to be increased when an
emptied cement bag is used as a stabilizing
material.
INTRODUCTION
BACKGROUND
• SOIL REINFORCEMENT:
In a modern context, reinforced soil has
become a viable and cost-effective technique
only over the last 30 years. This was brought
about by the development of geosynthetic
reinforcements engineers from strong and
durable polymers. These geosynthetic
reinforcements enable substantial tensile loads
to be supported at defined deformations over
extended design lives. These geotextiles are
used as reinforcement to the non cohesive soils
and stablilize the cohesive soils.
BENEFITS OF REINFORCED SOIL
Reinforced soil is a very cost-effective
technique compared to other construction
techniques. The major benefits of reinforced
soil are:
• Saves money.
• Saves time.
• Saves environmental impact.
• Saves wastes.
WOVEN SACKS
• The Woven Sacks are highly demanded in
various industries such as pharmaceuticals,
fertilizers, sugar, polymers, agro and
others for the packaging of goods in big
quantities.
• These sacks are manufactured using
laminated polypropylene and are able to
survive while rough filling, conveying and
loading conditions.
CEMENT BAGS
Cement bags are innovative and cost-effective
packaging concept with light weight cement bags.
CHARACTERISTICS OF
CEMENT BAGS
• Much greater bursting strength.
• Good Tensile strength.
• Resistance to tearing.
• Reusable.
• Can be air permeable and moisture,
pollutants, bacteria, mildew and oil
resistant.
• Less expensive.
• Easily available
METHODOLOGY ADOPTED
• STAGE-1: (FOR COHESIONLESS
SOILS)
• The soil properties are determined by
conducting various basic tests on it.
• The soil is tested for California bearing ratio.
• The properties of emptied cement bags are
determined by conducting various tests on
them.
• Then the soil is reinforced with emptied
cement bags as a Geosynthetic material..
Then an increase is expected in the shear strength
parameters and California bearing ratio value.
• A comparison is drawn on the results
of tests done on soil with and without
using emptied cement bags.
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8
100
80
60
% Fines
40
20
0
0.01 0.1 1 10
-20
Sieve size(mm)
MODIFIED COMPACTION
TEST
1.7
1.69
Dry density(g/cc)
1.68
1.67
1.66
1.65
1.64
1.63
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Water content(%)
DETERMINATION OF
OPTIMUM MOISTURE
CONTENT AND MAXIMUM
DRY DENSITY
Optimum moisture content and
maximum dry density of the soil can be
determined by conducting modified
compaction test.
1)Optimum moisture content=6.41%
2)Maximum dry density=1.695g/cc
CBR TEST WITHOUT
CEMENT BAGS
250
200
Force(kN)
150
100
50
0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Penetration(mm)
DETERMINATION OF
PROPERTIES OF AN EMPTIED
CEMENT BAG
S.NO. TEST RESUL
1. Thickness test Thickness of
cement bag is de
2. Puncture shear test Puncture sh
determin
3. Tensile test Tensile stren
determin
DIRECT SHEAR TEST
USING EMPTIED CEMENT
BAG
Shear strength parameters can be determined by
conducting direct shear test with emptied cement bags as a
reinforcing material.
Shear strength parameters are found to be increased
when a emptied cement bag is used.
c = 0 kg/sq. cm
ɸ = 42°
COMPARISON OF DIRECT
SHEAR TEST WITH AND
WITHOUT CEMENT BAGS