Methods of Dyeing

• Batch Dyeing
– Winch Dyeing/Beck Dyeing/Reel Dyeing
– Jig Dyeing
– Pad Dyeing
• Package Dyeing

• Combination Dyeing
– Jet Dyeing
– Paddle Machines/Rotary Drums/Tumblers
– Continuous Machines
 Batch Dyeing
• Known as Exhaust Dyeing
• Material is circulated in a dye bath
• Used from fibre-garment
• Preferable for smaller lots
• Flexible process in terms of colour
• Better temperature control
• Cost is low
• Equipments used: Beck, Jig, Pad
 Winch Dyeing/Beck Dyeing/Reel Dyeing

• Oldest Process

• Fabric is in a loose rope form sewn at ends

• Lifted in and out of a dye bath by a reel

• Majority of fabric is immersed in the dye

• No tension/pressure is applied- fabric is left loose

• Used for low weight fabrics/knitted goods

• Liquor ratio 25:1/ 20:1

• Fabric length 50-100m

 Advantages

• Construction and operation of winch machine is very simple.

• Suitable for types of wet processing operations like desizing

to softening.

• Suitable for practically all types of fabrics, which can

withstand creasing in rope form processing.

• The tension exerted on winch is less than jigger dyeing

machine , the material
is thus dyed with fuller hand.

• The appearance of the dyed goods is clean and smooth.

 Disadvantages

• Batch dyeing operations needs trimming, sewing, opening out the rope,
loading and unloading for individual lots separately.

• Since several lengths of fabric are run over the winch reel into the liquor
and sewn end to end, continuous length processing is not possible in a
single batch.

• Fabric is processed in rope form which may lead to crease marks,

particularly in heavy, woven, thin and light synthetics.

• Most of the machine work under atmospheric conditions. Else they have
varying temperature of different parts particularly in open width becks

• The winch dyeing machine does not give very efficient motion of goods
through the liquor
 Jig Dyeing

• Stationary Dye bath with two rolls

• Fabric is in open width form

• Rolled back and forth by the rollers at regular intervals

• Several thousands meter of fabric is dyed

•Cloth can be dyed in open width form of full width form.

•Prevent heat loss and chemical loses by evaporation when

compared to winch dyeing machine

•The material to liquor ratio is 1:3 (or) 1:4 which saves

considerable amount of chemical cost and steam cost.

•Level/uniform dyeing is difficult

•Warp tension is high

 Pad Dyeing
• Done in Pad box
• Fabric is in open width form
• Passed through nip rollers
• Dye is forced through pressure between nip
• Economical method
• Rate of cloth run is 30-300 yds/min
Pad Dyeing
 Package Dyeing
• Dye bath is forced through the textile
• Generally textile is in yarn stage
• Yarn wound on perforated packages
• Fabric and fibre can also be dyed
• Beam dyeing is also done with perforated beams
and yarn/ fabric wound on it
• Skein dyeing is another example
• Liquor ratio is 10:1-4:1
• Used for bulky yarns
 Combination Dyeing

Jet Dyeing

• Similar to winch dyeing

• Involves vigorous agitation of both material and liquor

• Rapid speed- 200-800 m/min

• Fabric wrinkling is minimal

• High efficiency, low energy consumption, faster

• Equipment maintenance cost is high, foaming is a

problem, abrasion is high
 Paddle Dyeing
• Used for product dyeing
• Paddle circulates the material and the liquor
 Continuous Dyeing
• Also called ranges
• Large fabric lot dyeing
• Fabric and yarn can be dyed
• Efficient for long runs
• Colour variation has to be tolerated
 Thermosol Dyeing Process

• For Polyester

• Dye padded onto the fabric

• Dry heat used to move the dye into the fabric