38EssayOut

li
nes

(
1) Rel
igi
on:ASol
uti
onorI
tsel
fAnI
ssue

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. Anover
viewofmaj
orr
eli
gionsandt
hei
rinj
unct
ions:

3. Somei
ssuesappar
ent
lycr
eat
edbyr
eli
gion:

- I
nter
-r
eli
gioushat
red.

- Sect
ari
ani
sm.

- Fanat
ici
sm andI
ntol
erance.

- Tr
adi
ti
onal
ism andConser
vat
ism.

- GenderDi
scr
imi
nat
ion.

- Fat
ali
sm.

4. Dor
eli
gionr
eal
lycauseapr
obl
emsori
sitmer
elyanal
legat
ion?

5. Causesofmi
sunder
standi
ngaboutr
eli
gion:

- Negat
iver
oleofr
eli
giousl
eader
sandsocal
ledi
cons.

- I
nef
fect
ivecont
ri
but
ionbyt
hemedi
a.

- I
nsuf
fi
cientf
ocusonr
eli
giouseducat
ioni
nmoder
neducat
ionali
nst
it
uti
ons.

- Pur
sui
tofpol
it
icalmot
ivesi
nthegui
seofr
eli
gion.

- Lackofci
vil
izat
ion.

6. Act
ualcausesoft
hepr
obl
emsf
acedbywor
ld:

- Pol
it
icalpowergames.

- Economi
cmot
ivesoft
henat
ions.

- Lackofci
vil
izat
ioni
nhumanbei
ngs.

- Mi
ssi
ngel
ementofchar
act
erbui
ldi
ngi
neducat
ionali
nst
it
utes.

- Poorcont
roloverandmoni
tor
ingofsci
ent
if
icadvancement
.
- Del
eter
iousi
mpact
sofel
ect
roni
candsoci
almedi
a.

7. Dor
eli
gionpr
ovi
deasol
uti
ont
othei
ssuest
hepr
esentwor
ldi
sconf
ront
edwi
th?

Yesal
lrel
igi
ons:

- Pr
opagat
eHumani
sm andpr
ovi
demechani
sm f
ort
hecr
eat
ionofat
err
orf
reewor
ld.

- I
ncul
cat
emor
alval
uesandpr
ovi
desol
uti
onst
othei
ssuesofmor
aldegr
adat
ion.

- Encour
agegener
osi
tyandbenevol
encet
oresol
vepover
tyandpr
ivat
ioni
ssues.

- Spr
eadpat
ienceandr
est
rai
nandt
husdevel
opasoci
etyf
reeofat
roci
ti
esand
i
njust
ices.

- Inculcat
esenseofaccount
abil
it
yandr
esponsi
bil
it
yinsoci
etyandaddr
esst
hei
ssueof
f
lout
ingoflaws,rul
esandpri
ncipl
es.

- Teachsel
f-
rest
rai
ntandsel
fcont
rol
andr
esol
veal
lissuescr
eat
edbyr
apaci
tyand
avar
ice.

8. Recommendat
ionsf
ort
hedi
ssemi
nat
ionoft
ruemassageoft
her
eli
gion:

- Posi
ti
ver
oleofr
eli
giousi
cons.

- Gover
nment
’spat
roni
zingt
hedi
ssemi
nat
ionofr
eli
gioni
nit
spur
efor
m.

- I
ntr
oduct
ionofr
eli
gionasi
ntegr
alpar
tofcur
ri
cul
a.

- Posi
ti
ver
oleofmedi
a.

- Focusonsi
mil
ari
ti
esi
ndi
ff
erentr
eli
gions.

9. Recommendat
ionsf
ort
hesol
uti
onsofwor
ldi
ssues:

- Ef
fect
iver
oleofUNO.

- Endofpowergame.

- Ef
fect
iver
oleofmedi
ainsensi
ti
zat
ionofbr
ains.

- Devi
singmodusoper
andi
forcount
eri
ngt
hedet
ri
ment
alef
fect
sofsci
ent
if
ic
advancement.

- Di
ver
ti
ngener
giest
owar
dst
heachi
evementofSDGs.

- Compassi
onat
e,consi
der
ateandsol
ici
tousat
ti
tudeoft
hesuper
power
s.

10. Concl
usi
on:
(
2) Backwar
dnessofWomenLeadst
oBackwar
dnessofTheNat
ion.

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. Di
ff
erentf
act
sofwomenbackwar
dness:

• I
ll
it
eracy.

• Economi
cdepr
ivat
ion.

• Mal
nut
ri
ti
on.

• Li
mit
edr
olei
ndeci
sionmaki
ng.

• SexualHar
assment
.

• Domest
icVi
olence.

• Ear
lyorChi
ldhoodmar
ri
ages.

• Excessi
vepr
egnanci
es.

3. Doesbackwar
dnessofwomenl
eadst
obackwar
dnessoft
henat
ion:

Yesi
t’
str
ue!I
t’
sbackwar
dnessofwoment
hat
:

• r
esul
tsi
nmor
all
yweaksoci
etywhi
chi
sful
lof
:

- Cr
imes.
- Cor
rupt
ionandf
avor
it
ism.

- I
nept
nessandi
ncompet
ence.

- Dr
ugaddi
cti
on.

• Wr
eakhavocwi
tht
heeconomyoft
hecount
rybyaf
fect
ing:

- Decr
easei
nGDP.

- Decr
easei
nExpor
ts.

- Decr
easei
nthet
axr
evenueoft
hest
ate.

- Ri
sei
nInf
lat
ion.

- I
ncr
easei
npover
ty.

• Adver
sel
yaf
fect
stheheal
thoft
henat
ionbecauseof
:

- Poorknowl
edgeofhygi
eneandcl
eanl
iness.

- Poorknowl
edgeofNut
ri
ti
on.

- I
gnor
anceofwayst
ost
ayheal
thy.

• Gener
atest
hei
ssueofover
popul
ati
on:

• Cr
eat
esdet
eri
orat
esi
mpactont
hei
mageoft
hecount
ry.

4. Causesofwomenbackwar
dness:

• Rel
igi
ousCauses:

- Negat
iver
oleofso-
cal
ledr
eli
giousl
eader
s.

- Mi
sint
erpr
etat
ionofr
eli
giousi
njunct
ions.

- Lessconsi
der
ati
onofI
jt
ihadi
nMusl
im st
ates.

• Pol
it
ical
Causes:

- Lackofpol
it
icalwi
l
l.

- Poorofi
nsuf
fi
cientl
egi
slat
ion.

- Lackofr
epr
esent
ati
oni
ndeci
sionmaki
ng.
• Soci
alCauses:

- I
ll
it
eracyofmen.

- Taboos,
cust
omsandt
radi
ti
ons.

- Secur
it
yissues.

- Hi
ghr
ateofchi
ldbi
rt
h.

• Economi
cCauses:

- Pover
tyatdomest
icl
evel

- Budget
aryconst
rai
ntatnat
ional
level
.

- Lackofeconomi
coppor
tuni
ti
es.

5. Di
ff
erentst
epsbei
ngt
akenatnat
ional
andi
nter
nat
ionall
evelf
orwomenempower
ment
:

• Mi
ll
enni
um Devel
opmentGoal
sMDGs:

• Sust
ainabl
eDevel
opmentGoal
s:

• Di
ff
erentl
awsandPol
ici
es:

• Awar
enessCampai
gns:

• Rol
eofNGOs:

6. Recommendat
ionsf
ort
heAmel
ior
ati
onofwomencondi
ti
ons:

• Pr
opagat
ionofTr
ueMassageofI
slam Thr
oughModer
ateRel
igi
ousLeader
s:

• Enact
mentandSt
ri
ctI
mpl
ement
ati
onofLawsf
or:

- Endofdomest
icvi
olence.

- Pr
ovi
desecur
it
yatwor
kpl
ace.

- Cont
rolear
lychi
ldhoodmar
ri
ages.

• Fi
xat
ionandenhancementofQuot
asi
n:

- El
ect
edbodi
esatnat
ional
aswel
laspr
ovi
nci
all
egi
slat
ure.
- Educat
ionalI
nst
it
uti
ons.

- Jobsi
nPubl
icaswel
laspr
ivat
esect
or.

• Counsel
ingoft
heMal
eMember
soft
heSoci
ety:

• Awar
enessCampai
gns:

• Al
locat
ionofMor
eBudgetf
or:

- Womeneducat
ion.

- Popul
ati
oncont
rolpr
ogr
ams.

- Sof
tloans.

- Women’
sheal
thandnut
ri
ti
on.

7. Someot
herr
ecommendat
ionsf
ort
hedevel
opmentofanat
ion:

• FocusonEducat
ion:

• Al
locat
ionofMor
eBudgetf
orResear
chandDevel
opment
:

• Er
adi
cat
ionofCor
rupt
ion:

• Sust
enanceofDemocr
acyandPol
it
ical
Stabi
li
ty:

• Rul
eofLaw:

• Pr
omot
ionofAccount
abi
li
tycul
tur
e:

• Devol
uti
onofPowerandAut
hor
it
y:

8. Concl
usi
on:

(
3) I
ndust
ri
alSect
orofPaki
stan.(
Sit
uat
ion,
IssuesandSol
uti
ons)
1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. I
ndust
ri
alSect
orandI
tsComponent
s:

3. I
mpor
tanceofI
ndust
ri
alSect
orf
oraCount
ry:

4. Di
ff
erentPhasesofI
ndust
ri
alDevel
opmenti
nPaki
stan:

• 1950s:TheEr
aofRapi
dIndust
ri
alGr
owt
h:

• 1960s:TheEr
aofI
ndust
ri
alSt
abi
li
zat
ion:

• 1970s:Nat
ional
izat
ionandi
tsI
mpact
s:

• 1980s:Russi
an-
AfghanwarandPr
o-I
ndust
ri
alpol
ici
esofZi
a:

• 1990s:TheDecadeofPr
ivat
izat
ion:

• Post9/
11:Commer
cial
izat
ionunderMushar
af:

5. Pr
esentSi
tuat
ionofI
ndust
ri
alSect
orofPaki
stan:

• Si
tuat
ionofManuf
act
uri
ngsect
or:

- Lar
geScal
emanuf
act
uri
ngsect
or.

- Smal
lScal
emanuf
act
uri
ngsect
or.

• Si
tuat
ionofConst
ruct
ionSect
or:

• Si
tuat
ionofMi
ningSect
or:

• Si
tuat
ionofEl
ect
ri
cit
yGener
ati
onandDi
str
ibut
ionSect
or:
6. I
ssueConf
ront
ingt
heI
ndust
ri
alSect
orofPaki
stan:

• Economi
cIssues:

- Ener
gycr
isi
s.

- Hugebankspr
ead.

- Deval
uat
ionofcur
rency.

- Under
-ut
il
izat
ionofnat
ional
resour
ces.

- Lackofi
nfr
ast
ruct
ure.

• Soci
alI
ssues:

- Mar
ginal
izedr
oleofwomen.

- Over
popul
ati
on.

- Mal
nut
ri
ti
onanddi
seases.

- Cor
rupt
ion.

- Sl
acknessandLet
har
gy.

• Pol
it
ical
Issues:

- Ter
ror
ism.

- Fl
awedPol
ici
es.

- I
nter
nat
ionali
sol
ati
on.

- Pol
it
ical
inst
abi
li
ty.

• Admi
nist
rat
iveI
ssues:

- Poorper
for
manceofst
ate-
ownedent
erpr
ises.

- Labyr
int
hinepr
ocedur
esandpr
ocessesi
ngover
nmentof
fi
ces.

- Poorl
awandor
dersi
tuat
ion.

- Weakcr
imi
nalj
ust
icesyst
em.

- Lackoff
ocusonR&D.
7. SomeWor
kabl
eSol
uti
onst
otheI
ndust
ri
alSect
orI
ssues:

• Pr
ovisi
onofUni
nter
rupt
edandCheapSuppl
yofEner
gyt
otheI
ndust
ri
alSect
oron
Pr
efer
ent
ialBasi
s:

• Pr
ovi
sionofCheapandEasyCr
edi
tFaci
li
ty:

• Maxi
mum Ext
ract
ionandUt
il
izat
ionofI
ndi
genousMi
ner
alResour
ces:

• Ef
fect
iveandBenef
ici
aluseofWomenWor
kpl
ace:

• Pr
ovi
sionofNecessar
yHeal
thcar
eFaci
li
ti
esf
ort
heLabor
:

• Er
adi
cat
ionoft
heScour
geofTer
ror
ism:

• Resear
chbasedandWor
kabl
eIndust
ri
alPol
i
cies:

• Sust
enanceofDemocr
acyandPol
it
ical
Stabi
li
ty:

• Pr
omot
ionofPubl
ic-
Pri
vat
ePar
tner
shi
p:

• I
mpr
ovedLawandOr
derSi
tuat
ionandPr
otect
ionofPr
oper
tyRi
ght
s:

• Reser
vat
ionofSubst
ant
ial
Budgetf
orResear
chandDevel
opment
:

8. Concl
usi
on:

(
4) Pak-
Chi
naRel
ati
ons

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. SomeFact
saboutChi
naandPaki
stan:

3. Hi
stor
icalevi
denceofPak-
Chi
naFr
iendshi
p:
- Bor
derset
tl
ementbet
weenPaki
stanandChi
na.

- Rol
eofChi
nai
nPaki
stan-
Indi
awar
.

- Chi
nesesuppor
tforPaki
stanatUNSC.

- Chi
naandNucl
earPr
ogr
am ofPaki
stan.

- Rol
eofChi
nai
ntheDef
enseneedsofPaki
stan.

- Paki
stan’
ssuppor
ttoChi
naatt
het
imesofi
sol
ati
on.

- Paki
stan’
srol
einbr
idgi
ngt
hegapbet
weenChi
naandUS.

4. Pr
esentCont
our
sofPak-
Chi
naRel
ati
ons:

• Economi
cAspect
:

- Chi
nesei
nvest
menti
nthef
orm ofCPEC.

- Fl
our
ishi
ngt
radebet
weent
wocount
ri
es.

- FDIshar
efr
om Chi
na.

- Cheapexpor
tsandI
mpor
tsf
orChi
na.

• Soci
alAspect
:

- I
nfr
ast
ruct
uredevel
opmenti
nPaki
stan.

- Ongoi
ngandf
utur
eener
gypr
oject
sinPaki
stan.

- Ef
for
tsf
ort
heer
adi
cat
ionoft
err
ori
sm.

- Upgr
adedl
ivi
ngst
andar
dsi
nPaki
stan.

- Di
sast
ermanagementi
nPaki
stan.

• Pol
it
ical
Aspect
:

- St
ri
ngsofPear
lspol
icy.

- I
ndi
aasamut
ualenemy.

- St
abi
li
tyofAf
ghani
stan.
- USi
ncl
inat
iont
owar
dIndi
a.

- Paki
stan’
sSCOmember
shi
p.

- St
rat
egi
cimpor
tanceofGwadarf
orChi
na.

5. Chal
lengest
otheFr
iendshi
p:

- Uyghursepar
ati
st’
smovement
.

- Tar
get
edki
ll
ingsofChi
nesewor
ker
sinPaki
stan.

- Paki
stan’
sengagementwi
tht
heUS.

- Changi
ngnat
ureofChi
na-
Indi
arel
ati
onshi
p.

- Fai
lur
eofCPECpr
oject
.

- I
ncr
easi
nggapsbet
weeneconomi
esofbot
hcount
ri
es.

- Lackofhar
monyi
npol
it
ical
par
ti
esofPaki
stan.

6. Recommendat
ionsf
orf
utur
eSt
rengt
heni
ngofBonds:

• Paki
stan’
sRol
e:

- NoSuppor
tfort
err
ori
sm i
nXi
nji
ang.

- Pr
ovi
sionoff
ool
proofsecur
it
ytoChi
nesewor
ker
s.

- Pol
it
ical
consensusovernat
ional
agenda.

- Ear
lyi
mpl
ement
ati
onofCPECPr
oject
s.

- NoOver
tur
est
oUSatt
hecostofChi
na.

- St
ruggl
efori
mpr
ovementofnat
ional
image.

- Joi
ntef
for
tsf
orst
abi
li
tyi
nAf
ghani
stan.

• Chi
na’
sRol
e:

- Suppor
tforKashmi
rCause.

- Mor
eassi
stancei
nener
gypr
oject
s.
- Enhancedt
radet
ies.

- Assi
stancei
nthef
iel
dofEducat
ionandr
esear
chanddevel
opment
.

- Paki
stan’
sent
ryi
ntoSCO.

7. Concl
usi
on:

(
5) Democr
acyi
snomor
eVul
ner
abl
einPaki
stan

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. AnOver
viewofPaki
stan’
sPol
it
ical
Hist
ory:

- Thegameofmusi
calchai
rinf
ir
stni
neyear
s.

- Mar
ti
alLawofGener
alAyubKhan.

- Revi
valofdemocr
acyaf
tert
hesecessi
onofEastPaki
stan.

- Themur
derofdemocr
acyandZi
aregi
me.

- Er
aof90s–t
hemi
racl
eofAr
ti
cle58(
2b)
.
- Pl
aneHi
jacki
ngcaseandmar
ti
all
awofMushar
af.

- Cont
rol
leddemocr
acydur
ingMushar
afr
egi
me.

- Char
terofdemocr
acyandr
evi
val
ofdemocr
acyi
nPaki
stan.

3. Fact
orsbehi
ndt
heder
ail
mentofDemocr
acyi
nPast
:

- Absenceofpat
ri
oti
c,nat
ional
i
st,
compet
entandbet
terst
yledl
eader
shi
p.

- Over
dependenceonArmyundert
hei
nfl
uenceofant
agoni
sti
canduncongeni
al
r
elat
ionswit
hneighbori
ngcount
ri
es.

- Anemi
c,i
mpot
entandspi
nel
esspol
it
ical
inst
it
uti
ons.

- Fr
ail
,feebl
e

4. I
sDemocr
acyst
il
lVul
ner
abl
einPaki
stan?

Not
heSi
tuat
ioni
schangedasnowwehave:

- Sover
eign,
wat
chf
ulandwel
lfoundedmedi
ainst
it
uti
on.

- Avi
gil
antandpr
oact
iveci
vilsoci
etyext
remel
yal
ivet
othei
mpor
tanceofdemocr
acy.

- Aj
udi
ciar
ythatappear
stobecont
ri
teandr
emor
sef
ulf
ori
tspastchar
act
er.

- Pol
it
icalleader
shipwhi
chl
ooksconsci
ent
iousenought
opr
otectdemocr
acyevenat
t
hecostofpersonalgains.

- Mi
li
tar
yleader
shi
pt hatappear
stohavemor
eincl
inat
iont
owar
dsf
ulf
il
li
ngi
ts
pr
ofessi
onalr
esponsi
bil
it
ies.

- Ar
ecentexper
ienceofbi
tt
err
eper
cussi
onofdi
ctat
orshi
pinMushar
afr
egi
me.

5. I
ndi
spensabi
li
tyoft
heSust
enanceofDemocr
acyt
otheDevel
opmentofPaki
stan:

Democr
acyi
simpor
tantbecausei
t:

- Best
owsuponthepeoplepol
it
ical
mat
uri
tyandwi
sdom andenabl
est
hem t
ochoose
t
hebestl
otformanagi
ngt
heiraff
air
s.

- Ensuresconsensus-
baseddeci
sionmaki
ngandhel
psi
nthef
ormul
ati
onofcoher
ent
andpr
acti
cablepoli
cies.

- Promotest
hecultur
eofaccount
abi
li
tyandwi
peoutt
hemal
aisesofcor
rupt
ion,
i
nef
fi
ciencyandnepot
ism.

- Conf
erst
hesenseofpar
ti
cipat
ioni
nthevar
ioussect
ionsofsoci
etyandt
huspr
omot
es
nat
ionali
ntegr
ati
on.

- Conf
erst
hesenseoff
reedom uponci
ti
zensandwi
nst
hei
rloyal
tyt
othest
ate.

- Fost
erst
hecul
tur
eofequal
it
ybef
orel
awandi
nvest
igat
orspubl
icf
ait
hini
nst
it
uti
ons.

- Br
ingspol
it
icalst
abi
li
tyandpr
ovi
desanenvi
ronmentconduci
vet
odevel
opmentand
gr
owt
h.

6. Recommendat
ionsf
ort
heFut
ureSt
rengt
heni
ngofDemocr
acyi
nPaki
stan:

- I
ntr
oduct
ionofmeani
ngf
ulel
ect
oral
ref
orms.

- St
rengt
heni
ngl
ocalgover
nmenti
nst
it
uti
ons.

- I
mpr
ovet
heper
for
manceofdemocr
ati
cgover
nment
.

- Br
ingi
ngi
npur
posef
ulr
egul
ati
onofmedi
atomakei
tmor
eresponsi
bleandsensi
ble.

- Enhanci
ngcont
ri
but
oryr
oleofeducat
ional
inst
it
utes.

- Ensur
ingi
ndependenceofj
udi
ciar
y.

- Ref
ormt
heci
vilser
vicet
oimpr
ovet
heper
for
manceofbeaur
ucr
acy.

7. Concl
usi
on:

(
6) Cr
isi
sofGoodGover
nancei
nPaki
stan(
Needf
orRef
orm andI
nst
it
uti
onBui
ldi
ng)

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. GoodGover
nanceandI
tsI
ndi
cat
ors:

3. I
mpor
tanceofGoodGover
nancef
oracount
ry:

- I
mpor
tancef
ort
heEconomi
csect
or.

- I
mpor
tancef
ort
hePol
it
ical
sect
or.

- I
mpor
tancef
ort
heSoci
alSect
or.

4. I
sPaki
stanConf
ront
ingacr
isi
sofGoodGover
nance?
.

Yes!Thef
oll
owi
ngf
act
sar
epr
oof
:

- Gener
alpubl
ic’
sshat
ter
edt
rusti
nGover
nment
.
- Absenceofaccount
abi
li
tycul
tur
eatal
llevel
s.

- Lackoft
ranspar
encyi
nfunct
ioni
ngofpubl
icor
gani
zat
ions.

- Pr
eval
enceofPr
ocr
ast
inat
ionandr
edt
apei
ndayt
odaygover
nmentf
unct
ioni
ng.

- I
nadequat
epar
ti
cipat
ionofgener
alpubl
ici
ndeci
sionmaki
ng.

- Per
sist
entexi
stenceofevi
lofcor
rupt
ion.

- Absenceofr
uleofl
aw.

- Hi
ghl
yunbal
anceddevel
opmentandgr
owt
h.

- I
nst
it
uti
onaldecay.

- I
nadequat
edel
iver
yofsoci
alser
vices.

5. Maj
orCausesoft
heDepl
orabl
eSi
tuat
ionofGover
nancei
nPaki
stan:

- Fr
equentder
ail
mentofdemocr
acy.

- I
mpot
entandpunyj
udi
ciar
y.

- Absenceoff
reeandmat
uremedi
a.

- Shor
tsi
ght
edandsel
fcent
eredappr
oachofpol
it
ici
ans.

- Fai
lur
eofeducat
ional
inst
it
uti
onst
opr
oducegoodci
ti
zens.

- Excessi
vepol
it
ici
zat
ionofpubl
icsect
or.

- Di
smalper
for
manceoft
heWat
chDogI
nst
it
utes.

- Pr
esenceofl
acunasandf
lawsi
nthecr
imi
nalj
ust
icesyst
em.

- LackofChecksandbal
ance.

- Lackofci
vicawar
eness.

- Bur
eaucr
acyat
ti
tude.

6. SomeMeasur
esTakenbyGover
nmentt
oAmel
ior
atet
heSi
tuat
ion:

- Enact
mentofLaws.

- Est
abl
ishmentofmoni
tor
ingor
gani
zat
ionsandcommi
tt
ees.

- I
ntr
oduct
ionofi
nter
nalchecksandcont
rol
s.
- Del
iber
ati
onofi
ntr
oduct
ionofci
vilser
vicesr
efor
ms.

7. RecommendedRef
ormsf
orI
nst
it
uti
onBui
ldi
ngandI
mpr
ovedGover
nancei
nPaki
stan:

- Act
iver
oleofpol
it
ici
ans,
medi
aandci
vilsoci
etyt
osaf
eguar
dthedemocr
acy.

- I
ndependentandr
esponsi
bler
oleofj
udi
ciar
y.

- Pr
udentandmat
urer
oleofmedi
a.

- I
ntr
oduct
ionofci
vilser
vicesr
efor
mst
oimpr
oveper
for
manceofbur
eaucr
acy.

- I
ntr
oduct
ionoft
echnol
ogyi
npubl
icsect
or.

- Ref
ormat
ionofWat
chDogI
nst
it
utes.

- Necessar
yst
atut
oryamendment
stoi
mpr
ovet
hecr
imi
nalj
ust
icesyst
em.

- Account
abi
li
tyatal
llevel
.

- Publ
icpar
ti
cipat
ioni
ndeci
sionmaki
ng.

- Rol
eofeducat
ionali
nst
it
uti
onst
opr
oducegoodci
ti
zens.

8. Concl
usi
on:

(
7) Soci
alMedi
a:Asour
ceofConnect
ingPeopl
eorDi
sconnect
ingThem.

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. Di
ff
erentt
ypesofMedi
a:

- Pr
intMedi
a.

- El
ect
roni
cMedi
a.

• Soci
alMedi
aandi
tsTypes:

- Bl
ogsandMi
crobl
ogs.

- Soci
alnet
wor
kingsi
tes(
Facebook)
.

- Soci
alCommer
ce(
Amazon,
Ali
baba)
- Soci
alMedi
anews(
Digg)
.

- VoI
PSof
twar
e(Skype,
MSN)
.

• Soci
alMedi
aasasour
ceofconnect
ingpeopl
e.

- Connect
ingwi
thunknownpeopl
ebel
ongi
ngt
oot
hernat
ionsandst
ates.

- Connect
ingpeopl
eoneal
readyknow,
Irr
espect
iveoft
hei
rlocat
ion.

- Possi
bil
it
yofst
ayi
ngconnect
edwi
thot
her
sroundt
hecl
ock.

- Li
tt
lecostofmai
ntai
ningconnect
ion.

- Fastandspeedyconnect
ivi
ty.

- Easyt
raci
ngofl
ostcont
act
s.

3. Benef
it
sofConnect
ivi
tyt
hroughsoci
alMedi
a:

• Soci
al:

- Shar
esi
nfor
mat
ion.

- Upgr
adesl
ivi
ngst
andar
d.

- Ser
vesassour
ceofeducat
ion.

- El
imi
nat
essoci
albi
ases.

• Economi
c:

- Spr
eadspol
it
icalawar
eness.

- Assi
stsi
npol
it
icaldeci
sionmaki
ng.

o Ar
abSpr
ing2011.

o Gener
alEl
ect
ionsi
nPaki
stan2013.

- Hi
ghl
ight
spubl
ici
ssuesandgr
ievances.

• Pol
it
ical
:

- Gi
vesi
nfor
mat
iononeconomi
coppor
tuni
ti
es.

- Pr
ovi
depl
atf
ormf
oreconomi
cact
ivi
ti
es..

- Render
sassi
stancei
neconomi
cdeci
sionmaki
ng.
• Rel
igi
ous:

- I
mpar
tsr
eli
giouseducat
ion.

- El
imi
nat
esr
eli
giousbi
ases.

- Ser
vesaspl
atf
orm ofr
eli
giouspr
eachi
ng.

• Admi
nist
rat
ive:

- Ser
vesassour
ceofi
nfor
mat
ionshar
ing.

- Assi
stsi
nqui
ckdeci
sionmaki
ng.

- Hel
psi
nensur
ingbet
tergover
nance.

4. Soci
alMedi
aassour
ceofDi
sconnectoft
hePeopl
e:

- Weakeni
ngoff
ami
lybonds.

- Decr
easei
ntr
adi
ti
onalgett
oget
her
.

- Decl
inei
ntr
adi
ti
onalgett
oget
her
.

- Decl
inei
nspor
tsact
ivi
ti
es.

- Scar
cit
yoft
ime.

5. AGl
impseoversomeot
herevi
lofsoci
almedi
a:

- Spoi
lofmor
alval
ues.

- Wast
ageoft
ime.

- Act
sofcheat
ingandf
raud.

- Del
eter
iousi
mpact
sonheal
th.

- Pr
omot
ionofhat
redandant
agoni
sm.

- Unr
eli
abi
li
tyofi
nfor
mat
ion.

6. CausesofEvi
lsofSoci
alMedi
a:

- Absenceofpr
opercont
rol
mechani
sm.

- Poorper
for
manceofr
egul
ator
yaut
hor
it
ies.

- Nof
ocusonchar
act
erbui
ldi
ngi
neducat
ional
inst
it
uti
ons.
- Absenceofot
herr
ecr
eat
ional
faci
li
ti
es.

- Easyavai
labi
li
tyoft
echnol
ogy.
.

- Cheaperaccesst
osoci
almedi
asi
tes.

- I
ncogni
toaccesst
osoci
almedi
asi
tes.

7. Recommendat
ionsf
orel
imi
nat
ionofHar
mfulI
mpact
sofSoci
alMedi
a:

- Appl
icat
ionofsomemandat
oryf
il
ter
sandcont
rol
s.

- Atnat
ionall
evel
.

- Atl
ocall
evel
.

- Launchi
ngofawar
enesscampai
gns.

- Enact
mentofst
ri
ngentl
aws.

- Ef
fect
iver
oleofr
egul
ator
yaut
hor
it
ies.

- Ef
fect
iver
oleofeducat
ionsect
ori
nchar
act
erbui
ldi
ng.

- Pr
ovi
sionofbet
terspor
tsandr
ecr
eat
ional
faci
li
ti
es.

- Enact
mentofser
vicecost
.

8. Concl
usi
on:

(
8) St
atusofWomeni
nIsl
am

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. St
atusofwomenbef
oreI
slam andi
nOt
herRel
igi
ons:

- St
atusofwomeni
nAr
abi
a.

- St
atusofwomeni
nRomanEmpi
re.
- St
atusofwomeni
nHi
ndui
sm.

- St
atusofwomeni
nBuddhi
sm.

3. St
atusofwomenasGr
ant
edbyI
slam:

• St
atusi
nhouse:

- Asamot
her
.

- Asasi
ster
.

- Asawi
fe.

- Asadaught
er.

• St
atusi
nSoci
ety:

- Ri
ghtt
oli
fe.

- Ri
ghtt
ohonoranddi
gni
ty.

- Ri
ghtt
oeducat
ion.

- Ri
ghtt
ofor
mingandbr
eaki
ngconj
ugal
rel
ati
ons.

• St
atusi
nst
ate:

- Ri
ghtt
oenj
oyf
undament
alhumanr
ight
s.

- Ri
ghtt
oenj
oyci
ti
zenshi
pofst
ate.

4. I
nToday’
swor
ld,
doWomenAct
ual
lyEnj
oysTheSt
atusgr
ant
edt
othem byI
slam:

• No:

5. CausesofpoorSt
atusofWomeni
nIsl
ami
cSt
ates:

• Rel
igi
ouscauses:

- Negat
iver
oleofr
eli
giousl
eader
s.

- Mi
sint
erpr
etat
ionofr
eli
giousi
njunct
ions.

- Avoi
danceofI
jt
ihadi
nMusl
im st
ates.

• Pol
it
ical
causes:

- Undemocr
ati
cgover
nment
.
- Lackofpol
it
icalwi
l
l.

- Poorl
egi
slat
ion.

- Lackofr
epr
esent
ati
oni
ndeci
sionmaki
ngI
.

• Soci
alCauses:

- I
ll
it
eracyofmen.

- Taboos,
cust
omsandt
radi
ti
ons.

- Secur
it
yissues.

- Hi
ghchi
ldbi
rt
hrat
es.

• Economi
ccauses:

- Pover
tyatdomest
icl
evel
.

- Budget
aryconst
rai
ntsatnat
ional
level
.

- Lackofeconomi
coppor
tuni
ti
es.

6. Recommendat
ionf
ort
heAmel
ior
ati
onofSi
tuat
ion:

- Rol
eofmoder
ater
eli
giousl
eader
stopr
opagat
etr
uemessageoft
her
eli
gion.

- Enact
mentandst
ri
cti
mpl
ement
ati
onofl
aws.

- Toenddomest
icvi
olence.

- Topr
ovi
desecur
it
yatwor
kpl
ace.

- Tocont
rolchi
ldofear
lymar
ri
ages.

- Fi
xat
ionandenact
mentofquot
as.

o I
nel
ect
edbodi
es.

o I
neducat
ionali
nst
it
uti
ons.

o I
njobs.

- Counsel
ingofmal
ememberofsoci
ety.

- Awar
enesscampai
gn.

- Al
locat
ionofmor
ebudget
s.
o Forwomeneducat
ion.

o Forpopul
ati
oncont
rol
progr
ams.

o Forsof
tloans.

o Forwomenheal
thandnut
ri
ti
on.

7. Concl
usi
on:

(
9) Whatar
etheHur
dlesi
nOurWayt
oBecomi
ngaTr
ulyI
ndependentSt
ate

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. Measur
est
ogauget
hei
ndependenceofast
ate:

3. Cr
it
icalanal
ysi
sofPaki
stan’
s68year
sofi
ndependence:

4. Hur
dlesi
nourwayt
obecomi
ngat
rul
yindependentst
ate:

• Pol
it
ical
:

- Pr
obl
emat
icbor
der
s.

- Mi
li
tar
ydomi
nat
ion:Ani
mpedi
mentt
odevel
opmentofot
herst
atei
nst
it
uti
ons.

- Lackofconsensusamongpol
it
ici
ansonmaj
ori
ssues.

- Per
enni
ali
ssuesoft
err
ori
sm.

- Shor
tsi
ght
ed,
impr
udentandi
mpet
uousl
y-desi
gnedf
orei
gnpol
icy.

• Admi
nist
rat
ive:

- Spi
nel
essbur
eaucr
acy.

- Del
ayedj
ust
ice.

- Di
shonest
y,Nepot
ism,
andRed-
tapi
sm.

- Fl
awedt
ranspar
encyandaccount
abi
li
tymechani
sm.

• Economi
c:

- Vi
ciousci
rcl
eofpover
ty.
- Out
dat
edt
echni
quesofagr
icul
tur
alf
armi
ng.

- Unbr
idl
edi
nfl
ati
onr
ate.

- Undocument
edeconomy.

- Bl
indpr
ivat
izat
ion.

• Rel
igi
ous:

- Pat
het
icr
oleofr
eli
giousi
consf
orpowerl
ust
.

- I
ncul
cat
ionofant
i-
democr
ati
csent
imenti
nthemi
ndsoff
oll
ower
sandsuppor
tof
di
ctat
orshi
p.

- Useofr
eli
giousf
oll
ower
sasapr
essur
egr
oup.

- Uni
gnor
abl
erol
eofr
eli
giouspar
ti
esi
npr
omot
ingsect
ari
ani
sm.

- I
ncl
inat
iont
owar
dst
aql
eedr
athert
hanI
jt
ehad.

• Soci
al:

- Mar
ginalandunpr
oduct
iver
oleofwomen.

- Cl
assdi
spar
it
iesduet
ofeudal
ism andl
andl
ordi
sm.

- Resi
stanceofgener
almassest
oadopt
ingnewt
hings.

- Uncont
rol
ledpopul
ati
ongr
owt
h.

5. Canweeverbecomeat
rul
yindependentnat
ion?Yes.

6. Recommendat
ionsf
orr
emovi
ngt
hehur
dlesi
nbecomi
ngat
rul
yindependentst
ate:

- Str
engtheni
ngofdemocr
acybyensur
ingcont
inui
tyofcr
edi
bleel
ect
ionsandpr
oper
vet
ti
ngofcandidat
es.

- Devi
singmet
icul
ous,
far
-si
ght
edandi
ndependentf
orei
gnpol
icy.

- Acompl
eteover
haul
ingofadmi
nist
rat
ivesyst
ems.

- Adopt
ingpr
udentandvi
sionar
yeconomi
cpol
ici
es.

- Enact
ingofst
ri
ngentl
awst
obr
oadent
het
axnet
.

- Pr
omot
ingpr
ogr
essi
veschol
ars.

- Launchi
ngofmedi
acampai
gnt
ochanget
hemi
ndsetofsoci
ety.
7. Concl
usi
on:

(
10) I
mpor
tanceofFr
eeMedi
a

1. I
ntr
oduct
ion:

2. Medi
aandi
tst
ypes:

- Pr
intMedi
a.

- El
ect
roni
cMedi
a.

3. Component
soff
reedom ofmedi
a:

- Nocensor
ingofnews/pr
ogr
amsbyt
hegover
nment
.

- Noi
mposi
ti
onofeconomi
crest
rai
nts.

- Nocancel
lat
ionofper
mit
s/Li
censes.

- Not
hreat
stoj
our
nal
ist
s.

4. I
mpor
tanceofFr
eeMedi
a:

• I
mpor
tancef
orpol
i
ticalsect
or:

- Ensur
essust
enanceofdemocr
acy.

- Guar
ant
eesanenvi
ronmentofaccount
abi
li
ty.

- Spr
eadspol
it
icalawar
eness.

- Assi
stst
heGover
nmenti
ndeci
sionmaki
ng.

- St
rengt
henel
ect
oralpr
ocess.

• I
mpor
tancef
orEconomi
csect
or:

- Provi
desgover
nmentwi
tht
hei
nfor
mat
iononnat
ionalandi
nter
nat
ionaleconomi
c
t
rends.

- Assi
stsi
nvest
orsi
neconomi
cdeci
sionmaki
ng.

- Hi
ghl
ight
smi
stakesandwr
ongdoi
ngofgover
nment
.

• I
mpor
tancef
orSoci
alSect
or:
- I
mpar
tsi
nfor
maleducat
ion.

- Di
ssemi
nat
esi
nfor
mat
ionandknowl
edge.

- I
ncul
cat
eset
iquet
tes.

- Upgr
adesl
ivi
ngst
andar
ds.

- Hi
ghl
ight
ssoci
alevi
ls.

- Ref
lectt
ruei
mageofnat
ion.

- I
ndi
cat
esvi
olat
ionofhumanr
ight
s.

- Pr
ovi
decheapsour
ceofEnt
ert
ainment
.

5. Rol
eofMedi
ainPaki
stan:Acasest
udy.

- Lawyer
’smovementagai
nstPar
vezMushar
af.

- Rest
orat
ionofJudi
ciar
y.

- ChangeofPubl
icopi
nionwi
thr
efer
encet
oter
ror
ist
s.

- Pr
ivat
izat
ionofSt
eelMi
llandot
heruni
ts.

- Sust
enanceofDemocr
acy.

- Emer
genceofThi
rdpol
it
ical
for
ceand2013El
ect
ions.

- Changi
ngst
atusandr
oleofwomen.

6. Somenegat
ivei
mpact
s:

- Reveal
ingofnat
ionalsecr
etes.

- Pr
omot
ionofobsceni
ty.

- Det
eri
orat
ionofmor
ali
ty.

- Spr
eadofconsumer
ism.

- Causi
ngofment
alunr
est
.

- Det
eri
orat
ionsoff
orei
gnr
elat
ionofcount
ry.

- Damaget
othei
mageofnat
ionandst
ate.

7. CausesofEvi
lsoft
heMedi
a:
8. Recommendat
ions:

• Forensur
ingi
ndependenceofMedi
a:

- Enact
mentofLaws.

- Publ
icawar
enesscampai
gn.

- Act
iver
oleofci
vilsoci
ety.

- I
ndependentr
oleofj
udi
ciar
y.

- Mat
urer
oleofmedi
aor
gani
zat
ions.

• Forer
adi
cat
ionofevi
lsofMedi
a:

- Enact
mentofl
awsandst
ri
cti
mpl
ement
ati
on.

- Ef
fect
iver
oleofr
egul
ator
yaut
hor
it
ies.

- Est
abl
ishmentofef
fect
ivemechani
sm wi
thi
nmedi
aor
gani
zat
ions.

- Devi
singofaconsensus-
basedcodeofconductcol
lect
ivel
ybymedi
aor
gani
zat
ions.

- Pr
ovi
sionofbet
terwor
kfaci
li
ti
est
omedi
aper
sonnel
.

- Pr
omot
ionofmedi
aeducat
ionasani
mpor
tantf
iel
d.

- Tr
aini
ngofmedi
aper
sonnel
.

9. Concl
usi
on: