CEM443

TAKING OFF QUANTITIES &

BQ DESCRIPTION

WEEK 13
1
 Learning Outcomes
By the end of this session, students should be able to:

Defined and explain the preparation

of BQ and Taking-off sheet
Preparation of BQ & Taking-off Sheet
1. BQ is a document which lists all the items
necessary for the complete construction of
works.
2. Each item includes a description and quantity.
3. Function of BQ:
a. enables all contractors tendering for a contract to price on
exactly the same information
b. to set down the various items of work in logical sequence for
easily priced by the contractor
c. provides a good basis for the valuation of “variation” if any
changes of design
d. a good basis for the preparation of cost analyses for cost
planning usage
4. BQ is built up in three stages
i) First stage – Taking off
Taking off is to calculate the quantity in
each item of work which is sometimes
called a dimension sheet as shown
below:
A B C D A B C D

Table 1 – Taking off Sheet / Dimension Sheet

* Columns A, B, C and D appear twice on each sheet.
 Column A : “timesing column” - used if the
quantity is to be multiplied / divided

 Column B : “dimension column” - the dimensions

of the item are entered one below the other in
this column. Dimensions should always be entered
in the following order, length, breadth, depth and
thickness.

 Column C : “squaring or cubing column” – result

column

 Column D : “description column” of the item and

for any additional calculations.
ii) Second stage – Abstracting
transferring the description quantity from
the taking-off sheet to the abstract sheet
and collecting together items, which can be
billed under one item
Item Summary Quantity

Table 2 – Abstract Sheet

 iii) Third stage – Writing a bill quantities

Rules for Taking-off Quantities: concise, accurate and well

 Descriptions - Each item should be described in enough detail
 Order –
i. Excavation - cubic, linear then square meter
ii. Mass concrete and reinforced concrete - cubic, then square
meters.
iii. Reinforcement - largest diameter first
iv. Brickwork - cubic then square items
v. Steelwork - nearest item first.
 Accuracy - re-measure civil engineering works when they are
completed to determine the exact value of the work
 Numbering - All items should be measured consecutively page
by page
 Abbreviations - The following
abbreviations are often used on the
dimension sheets:
B‟wrk - brickwork
C.I. - cast iron
Ex. - excavation
M.S - mild steel
P.C. - prime cost
R.C. - reinforced concrete
The traditional method of preparation of a BQ can
conveniently be broken down into two main processes:
• Taking off
• Abstracting / Working up

This traditional method was very lengthy and tedious. As

such, “The Direct Billing System” was developed. It is to „bill
direct‟, by transferring the items direct from the dimensions
paper to the BQ, thus eliminating the need for an abstract.

The quantity take-off is set down in the standard form of

BQ, that by adding together the prices listed will give the
“contract price” or “tender sum”.
Concrete
Concrete is the most important material in
construction because its cost is cheap and easily
obtained compare to other materials. The
following tables show the appropriate unit of
measurement for those items included in the
above section of work. Reference should be
made to the Standard Method of measurement
(Clauses 5278) for more detailed information on
the preparation of bill of quantities as shown
below :
Table 4.1 : Concrete-Method Of Measurement
Item
Mass concrete }
Reinforced concrete }
Prestressed }
Reinforced concrete not
exceeding 300 mm thick
Precast concrete (e.g. beams,
columns, etc.)
Precast concrete (e.g. pavings,
landings etc).
Precast prestressed concrete
Factory-made pre-tensioned
members
Site-made pre-tensioned
members
Post-tensioned members
Unit Remarks
Separate items are to be provided for
cu m (i) Different quantities of concrete
(ii) Beams, columns, slabs, etc.
(iii)Concrete 300 mm thick or less.
Thickness to be stated.
sq m or cu m Thickness to be stated
lin m, cu m or No.
Sq m Thickness to be stated
Separate items are to be provided for units
of differing cross-sections and lengths
Includes the cost of the moulds
lin m, cu m or No. Include supply, delivery and steel
lin m, cu m or No. Steel to be measured separately
lin m, cu m or No. Includes supply and delivery
Table 4.1 : Concrete-Method Of Measurement
Item
Assembly and post-
tensioning of post-tensioned
members
Erection of pre-tensioned
members and assembly of
post-tensioned members
Concrete blockwork (e.g.
quay walls, breakwaters,
etc)
Shuttering
Vertical, horizontal, sloping,
curved, domical and other
types of work
Unit Remarks
no. of assemblies Steel measured separately
no. Includes jointing
cu m Size and weight of the blocks are to
be stated.
Only the area of the concrete, which
requires support during the
deposition of the concrete, is to be
measured.
Rough and wrought shuttering are to
be measured separately
sq m Separate items are to be provided
for each
Table 4.1 : Concrete-Method Of Measurement

Item Unit Remarks

Shuttering 300 mm wide or
under
Fillets and splays, over 50
mm wide on the splay
Forming holes for pipes,
etc.
Facework (e.g. granolithic
facing, etc.)
Steel
Rails or steel sections
Bar reinforcement
lin m Separate items are to be provided
for vertical, horizontal, sloping and
curved work
lin m Width to be stated
no. Diameter of hole to be stated.
No. Deduction to be made to
shuttering measurement.
sq m Measurement extra over concrete.
Thickness to be stated.
Mg
Mg
Mg Separate items for bars 25 mm
diameter and less, also bars 12 m
in
length and upwards in steps of 1.5
m
Table 4.1 : Concrete-Method Of Measurement

Item Unit Remarks

Fabric reinforcement sq m, Mg or lin m Weight in kg per sq m to be stated
Steel wire or cable for
prestressing on site
Forming holes lin m, no.
Anchorage, including fixing no. of wires Includes ducts or sheathing
tensioning
Grouting of cables lin m Thickness to be stated
Pneumatic mortar sq m
Bringing plant to site and Lump sum
removing on completion
Pre-tensioning on site no. of wires
Tensioning, including
anchorage
Bedding and grouting base- sq m
plates
Pockets for bolts and no. Separate items for pockets nor
grouting exceeding 100 mm deep, 200 mm
deep, and 300 mm deep, thereafter
in steps of 300 mm.
• The items for concrete include supply, placing in
forms or shuttering vibrating and curing.
• Shuttering is measured by the area of concrete,
which requires support during setting.
• The items for shuttering include supply and erection,
including all necessary struts and bearer, treatment
before concreting and removal when the concrete
has set.
• The items for reinforcement includes supply, bending
to the shapes shown on the bending schedules and
fixing the reinforcement in the works.
• Usually it is not possible to give the precise quantities
of reinforcement in the bill of quantities, as the
detailed drawings are not available when the bill is
prepared and the quantities must be estimated.
The weights of reinforcement for various components of
a structure can be expressed as the weight per unit
volume of concrete, and these “factors,” as shown below,
used for estimating the weights of reinforcement.

Slabs 0.5 - 0.10 Mg per cu m

Main beams 0.25 - 0.35 Mg per cu m
Secondary beams 0.15 - 0.25 Mg per cu m
Columns 0.10 - 0. 37 Mg per cu m
Water retaining structures 0.08 Mg per cu m

When the total weight of reinforcement has been

determined for a component it is necessary to divide the
total weight arbitrarily into separate weights for each
diameter of bar that is likely to be used.
Anchorage (Hooks) and Bending Of
Reinforcement
Types Anchorage (hooks) Bends

Mild steel (R)

H = 9d H = 5d
N = 3d N = 3d
d = diameter of bar d = diameter of bar
L = length L = length

Min. limit for hooks = H = 9d Min. limit for bends = H = 5d

Length of hooks = H + N = 12d Length of bends =H+N
Example : = 8d
Total length of bar = L + 9d Example :
Total length of bar = L + 5d
High tensile H = 11d H = 5.5d
steel (T or Y) N = 4d N = 4d
Min. limit for hooks = H = 11 d Min. limit for bends = H = 5.5d
Length of hooks = H + N = 15d Length of bends = H + N = 9.5d
Reinforcement Detailing
Beam
Slab
Stirrups
Concrete cover
Pad footing
 Formwork
A number of activities involve in the formwork operations are: -
• fabricating
• erecting
• stripping
• moving
• cleaning
• oiling

In the pricing of the forms all the above activities and the materials involved are allowed. It is the
surface area of the concrete, that is the contact area that will be measured. At the time of take-off, the
design of the forms does not have to be concerned since only the area of formwork is measured, thus,
the formwork shall be measured in square metre of contact area. For narrow strips of formwork, that
in less than 0.3 metre wide is normally measured in linear metre. It should be noted that the bulkheads
i.e. where wall is to be continued shall be measured separately. Also the forms to slab edges are
measured separately from forms to beams and forms to walls.

If in a form system there is an opening, and if the size of the opening is less than one square metre,
therefore no deduction is made from the total area of the forms.

Grooves, chases, chamfers in formwork that are linear in nature are measured in linear metre.

Forms to circular column are measured in linear metre to the height of the column and are described
by giving the diameter of the column.
Formwork
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION FOR
CONCRETE WORK,
REINFORCEMENT & FORMWORK
FOR SLAB
SLAB

Prepare taking off sheet and bill of for the slab shown in figure below with the thickness
of slab 300 mm. The dimension sheet shall include concrete work (mass concrete for
slab) and reinforcement (bottom only). Concrete cover = 25mm.

T10-100

T12-200
SLAB – TAKE OFF SHEET
SLAB

Concrete Work
Mass concrete
4.3
3.5
0.3 4.52 m3

Reinforcement Reinforcement (bottom –

Reinforcement (bottom – X direction)
Y direction)
T10 -100
T12 -200
Length = 3.500
Length = 4.300 Less (-) cover
Less (-) cover 2 x 0.025 = 0.050
2 x 0.025 = 0.050 3.450
4.250
Add (+) Add (+)
bend 2x5.5d = bend 2 x 5.5d =
Steel length = slab
length (-) cover
2 x 5.5 x 0.012 = 0.132 Steel length = slab 2 x 5.5 x 0.010 = 0.275
4.382 length (-) cover 3.725

Total length required steel Total length required steel

(3500 – 25 – 25) = 3450 (4300 – 25 – 25) = 4250

No. of steel No. of steel

3450 = 17.25 4250 = 42.5
200 100

Say, 18 Say, 43

18/ 4.38 78.84 m, T12 43/ 3.725 160.18 m, T10

SLAB - BILL OF QUANTITIES

Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.

Concrete Work
1 Mass concrete for slab, mix grade (to be
determine) 4.52 cu. m

Reinforcement
2 T 10, 160.18m (3.14 x 0.0052 x 160.18 x 7850)
98.71 Kg

3 T 12, 78.84m (3.14 x 0.0062 x 78.84 x 7850)

69.96 Kg

(Density of steel bar, assume = 7850kg/m3)

Total Bill RM
SLAB

Based on drawing as shown in Figure 5.4.1, calculate the amount of formwork

required (prepare taking off sheet) and bill of for the slab.

3500mm

4000mm

Figure 5.4.1: Side Elevation and Plan View of Slab

 SLAB
Sawn timber of
Sawn timber of 38mm thickness
38 mm thickness For soffit of slab
4.00 for side of slab
2/ 0.25 2.00 Length (Y)=4.00
m2
Less (-) column
3.50 2 x (0.4) = 0.40
2/ 0.25 1.75 2 3.60
m2
Length (X)=3.50
Less (-) column
3.75 m2 2 x(0.18) = 0.18
1/ 3.60 2 3.32
3.32 11.93
m2
Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.

Formwork
1 Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness for side of slab 3.75 sq. m
2 Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness for soffit of slab 11.93 sq. m

Total Bill RM
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION FOR
CONCRETE WORK,
REINFORCEMENT & FORMWORK
FOR BEAM
Beam
The following example illustrates the method of preparing a taking off sheet and BQ
for the reinforcement of the r.c beam (6 units) as shown in Figure 4.2.3.

2T12 2T18

Figure 4.2.3 – GROUND BEAM

(Concrete cover = 25mm)

Cross-Section Of Beam
 BEAM Reinforcement (top) Stirrups
Reinforce 2T12
ment Length = 2.600
Add (+) column
(+) 2/1/2/0.125 375 R6
= 0.125
125
= 2.725
(-) Less (-) cover
2 x 0.025= 0.050 Length = 0.375
2.675 (-) Less (-) cover
Add (+) 2/0.025 = 0.050
bend (2 x 5.5d) 0.325
2 x 5.5 x 0.012 = 0.132
2.807 Length = 0.125
6 unit Say, 2.80 (-) Less (-) cover
12mm dia. m.s 2.0.025 = 0.050
0.075
6/2/ 2.80 33.60 33.60 m, T12 0.325 + 0.075 = 0.400

Reinforcement (bottom) 2 x 0.400 = 0.800

(+) add (+)
2T18 anchorage 24d
Length = 2.600 24 x 0.006= 0.144
(+) Add (+) column 12d + 12 d 0.944
2/1/2/0.125 Total length,
= 0.125 say, 0.94
= 2.725
Less (-) cover No. of stirrups
(-) 2 / 0.025= 0.050 Length = 2.600
2.675 (-) Less (-) column
Add (+) 2/1/2/0.125=0.125
(+) bend 2 x 5.5d = 2.475
2 x 5.5 x 0.018
= 0.198 (2475/150)+1
2.873 = 17.5
Say, 2.87 Say, 18
18mm dia. m.s 6 mm dia. m.s
Stirrups
6/2/ 2.87 34.48 34.48 m, T12
6/18/ 0.94 101.52 101.52 m,R6-150
Beam
Based on drawing as shown in Figure 5.4.3, calculate the amount of formwork required, thus
prepare taking off sheet and bill of for the beam. The column is 200 x 200mm.

Figure 5.4.3 :Side Elevation And Plan View Of Beam

BEAM – TAKE OFF SHEET (FORMWORK)
BEAM

Sawn timber of Sawn timber of

38 mm thickness 38 mm thickness
to outer sides of to outer sides of
beam 1/A-B and beam A/1-2 and
2/A-B B/1-2
Length =4.500 Length =4.000
Add (+) column Add (+) column
2x (0.2/2) = 0.200 2x (0.2/2) = 0.200
4.70 4.700 4.20 4.200
2/ 0.35 3.29 m2 2/ 0.35 2.94 m2
Sawn timber of
Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness
38 mm thickness to inner sides of
to inner sides of beam A/1-2 and
beam 1/A-B and B/1-2
2/A-B Length = 4.000
Length = 4.500 Less (-) column
Less (-) column 2x (0.2/2) = 0.200
4.30 2x (0.2/2) = 0.200 3.80 3.800
2/ 0.35 3.01 4.300 2/ 0.35 2.66 m2
m2 Sawn timber of
38 mm thickness
Sawn timber of to soffit of beam
38 mm thickness A/1-2 and B/1-2
4.30 to soffit of beam 3.80
2/ 0.20 1.72 1/A-B and 2/A-B 2/ 0.20 1.52 m2
3.29
m2 3.01
1.72
2.94
2.66
1.52
15.14
Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.
Formwork

Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness for beam

1 15.14 sq. m

Total Bill RM
 Example 3: CONCRETE WORK FOR BEAM

A B

2
EXAMPLE OF CALCULATION FOR
CONCRETE WORK,
REINFORCEMENT & FORMWORK
FOR COLUMN & FOUNDATION
Column And Foundation (Footing)

Drawing no. 4.2.4 is the plan footings and ground beams of a building. Drawing no.4.2.4.a
is the cross-section (Section Y-Y) for the footings. All drawings are not to scale.Based on
drawing no. 4.2.4 and 4.2.4.a, prepare the take off of quantities and BQ for:

(i) Excavation work including 150 mm of top soil for footing only.
(ii) Concrete work for stump (grade 1:2:4) and footing (grade 1:3:6).
(iii) Formwork
(iv) Reinforcement steel bar

Assumption:
1) Reinforcement :
(i) Lapping of 40d for steel bar from footing to column.
(ii) Length of bending for reinforcement shall be 5.5d.
(iii) Length of hook for link shall be 24d.
2) Cover of concrete :30 mm for footing
25 mm for other members
Cross Section X-X for beam

200mm

300mm
0.15

1.2

1.35 2.55m3
0.15
 CONCRETE WORK

Concrete grade 1:3:6

2/ 2.00 - 20 mm aggregate for footings
2.00
0.40 3.20

4/ 1.50
1.50
0.40 3.60 6.80 m3

Concrete grade 1:2:4

- 20 mm aggregate for stumps

4/ 0.20 1.850
0.20 0.250 - Ground beam
1.20 0.19 1.600
0.400 - Footing
2/ 0.25 1.200
0.25
1.20 0.15 0.34 m3
FORMWORK

Rough surface
4/4/ 1.50 formwork for footings
0.40 9.60

2/4/ 2.00
0.40 6.40 16.00 m2

Rough surface
4/4/ 1.20 formwork for side of stump
0.20 3.84

2/4/ 1.20
0.25 2.40 6.24 m2
 Reinforcement For Footing

Reinforcement for
Footing 2000 x 2000 x 400

Length of one steel bar

2.000
0.060 (-) cover 2/0.03
2 footings 1.940
7 nos r/c 0.176 (+) bends 2/5.5d @ 2/5.5/0.016
2.116  2.12
2/2/7/
2.12 59.36 MR of Y16 ø steel bar

Both ways Reinforcement for

Footing 1500x1500x400

Length of one bar

1.500
0.060 (-) cover 2/0.03
1.440
0.176 (+) bends 2/5.5d @ 2/5.5/0.016
1.616  1.62

4/2/5/ 1.62 64.80 MR of Y16 ø steel bar

 Reinforcement For Stump

Reinforcement for stump 250x250

Length of one bar

1.850
0.250 (-) less grd. level to grd beam
1.600
0.300(+) depth of grd beam
1.900
0.030 (–) cover
1.870
0.032 (-) Less 2Y16
1.838 (i)
0.088 (+) bend 5.5d (4Y16)
4 sides 1.926
2 stump 0.640 (+) Lap 40d
2.566  2.57

2/4/ 2.57 MR of Y16 ø steel bar

20.56
Mild steel link for stump 250x250

Length of one link

0.250
0.050 (-) cover 2/0.025
0.200
4x0.200 = 0.800
0.144 (+) hook 24d
4 sides 0.944

Distance that require link

1.838 (Length of steel bar from (i))
9 nos of 0.300 (-) Ground beam
link 1.538
No. of links = (1.538) + 1
2 stump (0.200)
= 8.69, say 9
2/9/ 0.94
17.00
MR of M6 ø link
 Reinforcement for stump 200x200

Length of one bar

1.850
0.250 (-) less ground level to ground beam
1.600
0.300(+) depth of ground beam
1.900
0.030 (–) cover
1.870
0.032 (-) Less 2Y16
1.838 (i)
0.066 (+) bend 5.5d (4Y12)
1.904
0.480 (+) Lap 40d
2.384  2.38
4/4/ 2.38 MR of Y12 ø steel bar
38.14
Mild steel link for stump 200x200

Length of one link

0.200
0.050 (-) cover 2/0.025
0.150
4x0.150 = 0.600
0.144 (+) hook 24d
0.744  0.74

Distance that require link

1.838 (Length of steel bar from (i))
0.300 (-) Ground beam
1.538

No. of links = (1.538) + 1

(0.250)
0.74 = 7.152, say 8
23.81
4/8/ MR of M6 ø link
Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.

EXCAVATION WORK
1 Excavation of top soil, 150 mm 2.55 cu. m
2 Excavation of trench depth not exceeding 1.5 m 25.50 cu. m
3 Excavation of trench depth exceeding 1.5 m but not
4.25 cu. m
exceeding 3.0 m

CONCRETE WORK
4 Concrete grade 1:3:6 - 20 mm aggregate for footings 6.80 cu. m
5 Concrete grade 1:2:4 - 20 mm aggregate for stumps 0.34 cu. m

FORMWORK
6 Rough surface formwork for footings 16.00 Sq. m
7 Rough surface formwork for side of stump 6.24 Sq. m

REINFORCEMENT
8 Y16, 59.36+64.80+20.56=144.72m,
228.30 Kg.
(3.14x0.0082x144.72x7850)
9 Y12, 38.14m,
33.84 Kg.
(3.14x0.0062x38.14x7850)
10 R 6, 17.00+23.81= 40.81m, (3.14x0.0032x40.81x7850) 9.05 Kg.
(Density of steel bar, assume = 7850kg/m3)
Total Bill RM
Foundation
Based on drawing as shown in Figure 5.4.4 and Figure 5.4.4a, calculate the amount of formwork
required for the foundations, prepare taking off sheet and bill.

Figure 5.4.4 Side Elevation Of Foundation

5.4.4a Plan View Of Foundation

FOUNDATION – TAKE OFF SHEET

FOUNDATION
Sawn timber of
Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness
38 mm thickness to sides of
to sides of foundation
foundation
10/ 1.25
0.35 4.38 m2

0.90 10/2/ 0.65

10/2/ 0.35 6.30 0.35 4.55 m2
m2 0.28 0.20

10/2/ 10/2/ 0.28

0.20
0.55 m2 0.35 1.96 m2
0.35 3.85
10/ 0.85
0.35 2.98 m2

6.30
3.85
4.38
4.55
1.96
2.98
24.02
Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.

Formwork

Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness for foundation

1 24.02 sq. m

Total Bill RM
ADDITIONAL NOTES
Retaining wall
Work example
Mass Concrete Of Retaining Wall.
Prepare taking off sheet and bill of quantities for mass concrete retaining wall with 30 m length as shown in figure below
(All measurement in mm)

1.8 m

Plan View And Cross-Section Of Retaining Wall

The dimension sheet shall include:

(i) Concrete work :

Mass concrete for foundation and mass concrete for wall.
Placing of concrete for foundation and placing of concrete for wall.
Concrete for wall thickness  500mm shall be separate from concrete
for wall thickness > 500mm.

(ii) Ancillaries work which comprise of :

Formwork for fair finishes and formwork for rough finishes.
Inserts such as land drain, and ashes in continuous pocket.
 MASS CONCRETE RETAINING WALL

CONCRETE WORK
Mass Concrete

(1 : 21/2 : 5) concrete grade 7

30.00 - 20 mm aggregate for foundation
2.40
0.90 64.80 m3

(1 : 2 : 4) Concrete grade 15
- 20 mm aggregate for wall & piers

Average width of wall

1.2
0.3 +
1.5
30.00
0.75 1.5/2 = 0.75
4.00 90.00

No. of piers
7/ 0.75 = 30/5 +1
0.30 =7
4.00 6.30

93.6 m3
 Placing Of Concrete
Mass concrete for foundation
30.00
(thickness exceeding 500 mm)
2.40
0.90 64.80
m3
Mass concrete for wall
thickness 300 mm - 500 mm & piers
30.00
0.40 Average thickness of wall
0.89 10.68 0.3
0.5 +
0.8
0.8/2 = 0.40
1.40
7/ 0.75
0.30
0.89
12.08 m3
Mass concrete for wall
thickness exceeding 500 mm & piers
Average thickness of wall
0.5
1.2 +
1.7
1.7/2 = 0.85
30.00
0.85
3.11 79.31

7/ 0.75
0.30
3.11 4.90
84.21 m3
 Concrete Ancillaries
Formwork to fair finish
(sloping surface)
Width = 4.0  0.9  4.1
2 2

30.00
4.10 123.00 m2
Formwork to rough finish
Vertical
Width of wall
30.00
7/0.75 = 5.25 – less piers
24.75
24.75 99.00 m2
4.00 Piers
Vertical width 0.4 – 1.22 m

7 0.75 21.00 m2
4.00 Piers
Vertical width 0.2 –0.4 m

7/2/ 0.30
4.00 16.80 m2

Inserts
100 clayware land drain fix in on rake
17/ 1 17 30/1.8 = 16.7, say 17 unit
24.75 Ashes in continuous pocket behind wall
0.60
0.45 6.68 m3
MASS CONCRETE RETAINING WALL - BILL OF QUANTITIES

Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.

Mass Concrete
1 Concrete for foundation, mix grade C7.5 64.80 cu. m
2 Concrete for wall and piers, mix grade C 15 96.30 cu. m

Placing Concrete
3 Mass concrete for foundation 64.80 cu. m
4 Mass concrete for wall & piers, thickness 300 mm -
12.08 cu. m
500 mm
5 Mass concrete for wall & piers, thickness exceeding
84.21 cu. m
500 mm

Concrete Ancillaries
6 Formwork to fair finish 123.00 Sq. m
7 Formwork to rough finish, vertical width of wall 99.00 Sq. m
8 Formwork to rough finish, piers vertical width 0.4 –
21.00 Sq. m
1.22 m
9 Formwork to rough finish, piers vertical width 0.2 –
16.80 Sq. m
0.4 m
10 Inserts, 100 mm clayware land drain 17.0 No
11 Ashes in continuous pocket behind wall 6.68 cu. m
Total Bill RM
Concrete Road

The following example illustrates the method of preparing a taking-off sheet and bill of
quantities for the concrete road shown in Figure 4.2.5.

Figure 4.2.5 : Layout And Cross-Section Of Road

 CONCRETE ROAD - BILL OF QUANTITIES

Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.
1 Reinforced concrete, 180 mm thick in road 91.85 sq m
2 Waterproof paper 91.85 sq m
3 Expansion joint in road (180 mm deep) 9.20 lin m
4 Fabric reinforcement, 3 kg per sq m
275.55 Kg
5 Precast concrete kerb, 150 mm x 150 mm bedded and jointed
in cement mortar with concrete backing 34.30 lin m

6 Mild steel dowel bars in expansion joint 20 mm diameter 24.66 lin m

7 Precast artificial stone paving slabs, 0.75 m x 0.75 m x 50 mm
thick bedded on sand 50 mm thick 27.00 lin m

Total Bill RM
 CONCRETE ROAD Precast concrete kerb –
Reinforced concrete road 150 x 150 mm (including
180 mm thick concrete backing)

18.00 2/ 5.00
4.60 82.80 18.00
10.00
1.70
4.60 7.80 28.00 m
0.15 0.15 2/ 1/4//22

Road length „ditto‟ curved

2/5.00 = 10.00
2/ 1.70 5.80 2/2.00 = 4.00
1.70 4.00 6.30 m
96.40 18.00 34.30 m

road width= 4.00 Dowel bars 20 mm dia

Add 4/0.15=0.60
4.60

Deduct
2.00 2/ 0.5
2/ Less (-) kerb 0.30 10/ 0.5
1.70 2.466 24.66
1/4//
m
1.702/ 4.55 m2 Say 10 per joint
(20 mm bar
Waterproof paper = 2.466 kg/m)
(as above) Paving slabs
750 x 750 x 50
91.85 m2 bedded on sand
0.05m thick

2/ Expansion joint 18.00

4.60 9.20 m 1.50 27.00 m
Fabric reinfmt.
(approximate)
91.85
3 275.55 Kg
 Square Column

Based on drawing as shown in Figure 5.4.2 and Figure 5.4.2a, calculate the amount of formwork
required for 5 nos. of square column. Prepare taking off sheet and bill of for the vertical column
and sloped column.

Figure 5.4.2 : Side Elevation Of 5.4.2a : Side Elevation of column at an

Vertical Column angle
 COLUMN

Sawn timber of Sawn timber of

38 mm thickness 38mm thickness
for sides vertical for sides of
of column column at 25
degree slope
Perimeter
of column Sloping distance
2/0.4 = 0.80 Sin25 = 4/h
2/0.18 = 0.36 h = 4/Sin25
1.16 = 9.5m
5/2/ 9.50
5/ 1.16 0.40 38.00
4.00 23.20 m2
5/2/ 9.50
0.18 17.10
55.10 m2

Item
Description Quantity Unit Rate RM
No.
Formwork

Sawn timber of 38 mm thickness for column

1

(23.20+55.10=78.30)
78.30 sq. m

Total Bill RM