Theory

Types of Thresholding

Digital signal processing

Binarization

Prof. Johan Agudelo1

jmagudeloc@libertadores.edu.co

24 de agosto de 2016

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

Content

1 Theory

2 Types of Thresholding
Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

Content

1 Theory

2 Types of Thresholding
Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

What is Thresholding?

The simplest segmentation method.

Application example: Separate out regions of an image
corresponding to objects which we want to analyze. This
separation is based on the variation of intensity between the
object pixels and the background pixels.
To differentiate the pixels we are interested in from the rest,
we perform a comparison of each pixel intensity value with
respect to a threshold.
we have separated properly the important pixels, we can set
them with a determined value to identify them.
logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

What is Thresholding?

The simplest segmentation method.

Application example: Separate out regions of an image
corresponding to objects which we want to analyze. This
separation is based on the variation of intensity between the
object pixels and the background pixels.
To differentiate the pixels we are interested in from the rest,
we perform a comparison of each pixel intensity value with
respect to a threshold.
we have separated properly the important pixels, we can set
them with a determined value to identify them.
logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

What is Thresholding?

The simplest segmentation method.

Application example: Separate out regions of an image
corresponding to objects which we want to analyze. This
separation is based on the variation of intensity between the
object pixels and the background pixels.
To differentiate the pixels we are interested in from the rest,
we perform a comparison of each pixel intensity value with
respect to a threshold.
we have separated properly the important pixels, we can set
them with a determined value to identify them.
logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

What is Thresholding?

The simplest segmentation method.

Application example: Separate out regions of an image
corresponding to objects which we want to analyze. This
separation is based on the variation of intensity between the
object pixels and the background pixels.
To differentiate the pixels we are interested in from the rest,
we perform a comparison of each pixel intensity value with
respect to a threshold.
we have separated properly the important pixels, we can set
them with a determined value to identify them.
logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Theory
Types of Thresholding

Figura: Thresholding example

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Truncate
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

thresholding operations

Figura: Thresholding example

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


maxVal, if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) = (1)
0 otherwise ,

So, if the intensity of the pixel src(x,y) is higher than thresh,

then the new pixel intensity is set to a MaxVal. Otherwise, the
pixels are set to 0.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


maxVal, if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) = (1)
0 otherwise ,

So, if the intensity of the pixel src(x,y) is higher than thresh,

then the new pixel intensity is set to a MaxVal. Otherwise, the
pixels are set to 0.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary

Figura: Thresholding example

logo
Figura: Threshold Binary

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary, Inverted

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


0 if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) = (2)
maxVal otherwise ,
If the intensity of the pixel src(x,y) is higher than thresh, then
the new pixel intensity is set to a 0. Otherwise, it is set to
MaxVal.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary, Inverted

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


0 if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) = (2)
maxVal otherwise ,
If the intensity of the pixel src(x,y) is higher than thresh, then
the new pixel intensity is set to a 0. Otherwise, it is set to
MaxVal.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold Binary Invert

Figura: Thresholding example

logo
Figura: Threshold Binary Invert
Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations
 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Truncate

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


threshold if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) =
src(x, y ) otherwise ,
(3)
The maximum intensity value for the pixels is thresh, if
src(x,y) is greater, then its value is truncated. See figure
below:

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Truncate

Figura: Thresholding example

Figura: Truncate logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold to Zero

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


src(x, y ) if src(x, y ) > thresh,
dst(x, y ) = (4)
0 otherwise ,

If src(x,y) is lower than thresh, the new pixel value will be set
to 0.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold to Zero

Figura: Thresholding example

Figura: Threshold to Zero logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold to Zero, Inverted

This thresholding operation can be expressed as:


0 if src(x, y ) > thresh ,
dst(x, y ) = (5)
src(x, y ) otherwise,
If src(x,y) is greater than thresh, the new pixel value will be
set to 0.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Figura: Thresholding example

logo
Figura: Threshold to Zero, Inverted
Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations
 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Research and development

Research
Realice un código en OpenCV que le permita aplicar las técnicas de
umbralización en una imagen de su elección, consigne el desarrollo
en un articulo y cárguelo a la carpeta asignada con el código en
formato cpp. Tenga en cuenta que la explicación al detalle de cada
una de las técnicas, la construcción en LATEX del documento y la
calidad en la redacción serán tenidas en cuenta para su evaluación.

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations

 Threshold Binary
Threshold Binary, Inverted
Theory
Truncate
Types of Thresholding
Threshold to Zero
Threshold to Zero, Inverted

Bibliography

1 http://docs.opencv.org/2.4/doc/tutorials/imgproc

logo

Prof. Johan Agudelo Thresholding Operations