1.

Describe the distinguishing characteristics of carbohydrates A carbohydrate is a molecule

consisting of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen atoms, usually with a hydrogen–oxygen atom ratio
of 2:1 and thus with the empirical formula Cₘₙ. This formula holds true for monosaccharides
2. Describe the important biological functions of polysaccharides.a carbohydrate (e.g., starch,
cellulose, or glycogen) whose molecules consist of a number of sugar molecules bonded
together.

3. Explain what distinguishes lipids from other classes of biological

macromolecules.carbohydrates.
lipids.
proteins.
nucleic acids.
4. Describe the unique properties, building blocks and biological roles of fats, phospholipids and
steroids.Lipids - Diverse Hydrophobic Molecules

1. Fats store large amounts of energy

* Phospholipids are major components

of cell membranes

3. Steroids include cholesterol and certain hormones

5. Distinguish proteins from the other classes of macromolecules Proteins (polymers of amino
acids)
Carbohydrates (polymers of sugars)
Lipids (polymers of lipid monomers)
Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA; polymers of nucleotides)
6. List the biological functions which proteins perform Repair and Maintenance. Protein is
termed the building block of the body. ...
Energy. Protein is a major source of energy. ...
Hormones. Protein is involved in the creation of some hormones. ...
Enzymes. ...
Transportation and Storage of Molecules. ...
7. Explain what determines protein conformation and why it is important rotein conformation is
determined by the proteins ability to recognize and bond with another molecule. ... The primary
structure of a protein is determined by inherited genetic information and its unique sequence of
amino acids.
8. Define denaturation and explain how proteins may be denatured occurs when a portein
becomes biologically inactive due to changes in pH, salt concentration, temperature, and other
environmental factors. ... Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) store information relating to amino acid
sequences of other proteins.
9. Describe the characteristics that distinguish nucleic acids from the other classes of Nucleic
acids store and transmit genetic information that makes them different from other
macromolecules. - Nucleic acids contain ribose and deoxyribose sugar connected with bases. -
Nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds called Phosphodiester.macromolecules
10.Summarize the functions of nucleic acids. What is more important DNA or Protein?
Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is a nucleic acid that contains the genetic instructions for the
development and function of living things. All known cellular life and some viruses contain
DNA. ... The major function of DNA is to encode the sequence of amino acid residues in
proteins, using the genetic code.
11. Briefly describe the three-dimensional structure of DNA The structure is called a double
helix. DNA is essentially made of sugar, phosphate and bases, bonded together by hydrogen.

12.Evaluate the importance of energy to living things Image result for ]Evaluate the importance
of energy to living things
Cells cannot survive on their own. They need power to stay alive. They need energy to perform
functions such as growth, maintaining balance, repair, reproduction, movement and defense.
This means all living organisms must obtain and use energy to live.
13.Relate energy and chemical reactions Chemical reactions often involve changes in energy
due to the breaking and formation of bonds. Reactions in which energy is released are
exothermic reactions, while those that take in heat energy are endothermic.
14.Describe the role of enzymes in chemical reactions A fundamental task of proteins is to act
as enzymes—catalysts that increase the rate of virtually all the chemical reactions within cells.
Although RNAs are capable of catalyzing some reactions, most biological reactions are
catalyzed by proteins.
15.Identify the effect of enzymes on food molecules
Food contains large molecules that have been broken down into units and turn into digestive
enzymes