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This essay deals with the optimal way to desirably control any arbitrary
physical system that has an input and an output. The problem arises when the
output of that same system must be set at a desirable level which can only be done
by changing the causal input. The extent to which this change in input makes a
change in the output may not be know or, for that matter, even linear, all since it is
unmodelled. Thus an active, iterative feedback controlled loop is need to correct the
input in order to produce a desired output. This is where Control theory comes in. It
deals with controlling the output of said systems to reach the desired goal output in
the least time with the least deviation of the output of the system to the desired
output. An apt example for this would be a car heater. If the temperature inside the
car cabin is 20ºC but the driver sets it at 25ºC, the car’s computer system must
supply electricity (input) to the heating coils in such a way that the cabin heats up to
25ºC without overheating or under-heating, in the quickest time possible. An optimal
control algorithm would do so while achieving said goals.