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    Death Entities in Living Bodies. The de PDF

    Загружено:

    Aankh Benu

    Авторское право:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Скачайте в формате PDF или читайте онлайн в Scribd
    Отметить как неприемлемый контент
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    |oasa_os_coyon_otaiso_i8 22-02-2007 12:45 Page Lo#4y PRO u DEAD ENTITIES IN LIVING BODIES: THE DEMONIC INFLUENCE, OF THE DEAD IN THE MEDICAL TEXTS PANAGIOTIS LM. KOUSOULIS University of the Aegean 1. INrRopuction! ‘The ancient Egyptians were famous for their elaborate preparations for death, Death was both feared as a horror and seen as a necessary stage in the human cycle.” Although Egyptian funerary art rarely contains gruesome images of the dead,” other sources mention several categories of hostile and dangerous spirits. This paper will explore some aspects of the demonic influence of the dead in the medical corpus. For the limited space of this paper, I will confine myself to the medical papyti from the New Kingdom: P. Edwin Smith, P. Ebers, P. British Museum 10059, P. Hearst, . Berlin 3038 and P. Chester Beatty VL The emphasis will be on the identity of the ddead, the nature ofthe diseases that they cause and the ways in which they are teated, Many of the demonic epithets of the dead do not seem to have any ontologic: tenance outside a specific magical framework, which creates and manipulates demonic names and personae through the exploitation of sounds and recited formulae’ and the application of certain treatments, The details of these treatments are important because they reveal an inexorable unity of magical and medical performative details.° "This puper isan outcome from my forthcoming monograpt on the demonic influence of the dead in the magical andl medical enrpora. I would like wo thank the Congress Organisers for their hospitality tnd for organizing such @ successful and Iruitfal meeting. My participation a the Congress was sup- ported by the projet Pythagoras, which is funded by the Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs and the Buropean Union, For the terrifying aspects of death, see J, Zandes, Death as an Enemy according t9 the Ancient Eeyptian Conceptions (Leiden, ) and E. Hornung, Altigyprische Hollenvorstelluagen (Beri, 1968). 2" See rematks by H.G. Fischer, «The Ancient Egyptian attitude towands the monstrous», in Monsters and Demons inthe Ancient und Medieval Worlds, Papers in Hencurof Edith Porada (Maina am Rhein, 1987), p. 13-26 * All material can be Found in H. Grapow, Grundtiss der Medizin der Alten digypter V. Die medic nischen Teste in heroglyphischer Umschreibung autographiert (Beri, 1958). For P. Edwin Smith, see flso JH. Breasted, The Easin Smith Surgical Papyrus (Chicago, 1980) and W. Westendort, Papyrus Ecdvin Smith (Berne and Suatgan, 1966) For Chester Beaty VI, see AH. Gardiner, Chester Beary Gif. Hieravie Paps in the British Museum, Thcd Series, 2 vols. (London. 1935). "See recently P. Kousulis, «The double persona ofthe demonic: the ase othe Four Apophian sakes, in P. Kousoulis and M, Calli (eds), Egyptian Mugie and Demonelogy. Proceedings of the 1" Egypro Ingieal Conference on Rhodes, Greece 27-29 lune 2003 (Wales it pes). For the inexorable unity of magical and medical practice in Ancient Egypt, see R-K. Rtner, «Magic in medicine», in D, Redford (ed), The Oxford Eneyelopedia of Ancien Egypt, vo. It (Oxtor, 2000), |8354_05_coyon_ouaiso_18 22-02-2007 13:45 Page 1044 geno 1044 P. KOUSOULIS 2. THE DEAD AND THEIR PERSONAE ‘The hostile dead mt, mit or mtyw’ are the protagonists in most attacks towards the living in the medical texts. Usually, only the male dead are mentioned, although the prescriptions applied to both genders.” They often appear in parallel with shw and other entities including disease-cemons (hiytyw).* the donkey (3) and the nfr-demon,? the enemies ({fty or frwy),!* the opponents (dy dy), anything evil (tt nbe diet)? bad oF red (he abe bine di drt," the hidden one (kipw or jmnw),! the srhy-

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