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Osteoma Osteogenic
Sarcoma
Epithelial tumors
Failure of
DNA repair
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3. Wash area with WATER ONLY and It is used in the treatment of leukemia, in
pat dry. conjunction with radiation or chemotherapy, it is
4. Do not apply ointments, powders or usually harvested from the iliac crest then
lotions. transfused intravenously.
5. Do not apply heat, avoid direct TYPES :
sunshine or cold. 1. Autologous – the client is infused with
6. Use soft cotton fabrics for clothing. own bone marrow harvested during
7. Do not erase markings on the skin. remission disease
These serve as guide for areas of
irradiation.
2. Syngeneic – marrow donor is an
identical twin
Infection
1. Monitor blood counts weekly. 3. Allogenic – the client is infused with
2. Good personal hygiene, nutrition and donor bone marrow harvested from a
adequate rest. healthy individual
3. Teach signs of infection to report to SIDE EFFECTS :
physician. 1. Malnutrition
Hemorrhage 2. Infection related to immunosuppression
1. Monitor platelet count. 3. Thrombocytopenia
2. Avoid physical trauma or use of Nursing Mgt .
aspirin. 1. Provide private room for the
3. Teach signs of hemorrhage. hospitalized client for 6 – 8 wks
4. Monitor stool and skin for signs of 2. Encourage contact with significant
hemorrhage. others
5. Use direct pressure over injection sites 3. Management of side effects
until bleeding stops. CHEMOTHERAPY
Fatigue Uses antineoplastic agents to treat CA cells
1. Plenty of rest and good nutrition. locally and systematically
Weight loss due to anorexia, nausea and Provides palliative measure for the pt. Who has
vomiting widespread metastasis
1. Arrange meal times Disrupts the cell cycle in various phases,
2. Encourage bland foods interfering with cellular metabolism and
3. Provide small attractive meals reproduction.
4. Avoid extremes of temperature Cell kill hypothesis
5. Administer antiemetics as ordered During each cycle a fixed percentage of cells are
before meals killed by chemotherapy, leaving some tumor cells
Ulceration of oral mucosa (Stomatitis) remaining, this necessitates the repeated dosages
1. Administer analgesics before meals. of chemotherapy in order to reduce the number
2. Bland diet of cells, allowing the body’s immune system to
3. No smoking/alcohol destroy any remaining tumor cells.
4. Good oral hygiene (saline rinses q2) CONTRAINDICATIONS
5. Sugarless lemon drops or mint to Infection
increase salivation. Recent Surgery
Diarrhea Impaired renal or hepatic function
1. Encourage low residue, bland, high- Recent radiation therapy
protein foods Pregnancy
2. Administer antidiarrheal drugs as Bone marrow depression
ordered Safety precautions in handling chemotherapeutic agents
3. Provide good perineal care All used and unused equipment and drugs
4. Monitor electrolytes particularly Na, K, should be treated as hazardous wastes.
Cl
Place contaminated material in leak proof labeled
Anorexia, nausea and vomiting as “hazardous waste.”
1. Arrange meal times Prepare chemotherapeutic agents in a private and
2. Encourage bland foods clean setting.
3. Provide small attractive meals Strict use of body protection techniques includes
4. Avoid extremes of temperature gloves, garment with close front, cuffed long
sleeves, face shield and mask.
5. Administer antiemetics as ordered
Prevent spillage, use luer – lock fitting on
before meals
syringes and IV sets.
Headache
Flush immediately with water if it comes in
Social isolation contact with skin and mucous membranes.
BONE MARROW TRANSPLANTATION 5 MAJOR CATEGORIES
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