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ANSI/TIA/EIA-455-41A-l993

Approved: November 2, 1993


Reaffirmed: December 26, 2001

The Teleconmiunications Industry Association


represents the conmiunications sector of

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NOTICE

TIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest
through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers, facilitating
interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser in selecting and
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Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any member or nonmember of
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Publications, nor shall the existence of such Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary
use by those other than TIA/EIA members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically
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Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with the American National
Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA/EIA does not assume any liability
to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation whatever to parties adopting the Standard
or Publication.

This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use or all
applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this Standard to
establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the applicability of regulatory
limitations before its use.

(From Standards Proposal No. 3-3884-RF1, formulated under the cognizance of the TIA FO-6.6
Subcommittee on Optical Fibers.)

This Document was reaffirmed by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) on
December 26,200 1, and by the TIA.

Published by

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Reproduced By GUML
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ENGINEERING DOCUMENTS
With lhe Permission of EIA
Under Royalty Agreement
ANSI/ TIA/ EIA- 4 5 5- 41A- 19 9 3
APPROVED: November 2, 1993

TIAIEIA
STANDARD
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FOTP-41
Compressive Loading Resistance of -

Fiber Optic Cables

o
(Revision of EIA-455-41)

DECEMBER 1993

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION

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NOTICE

TIA/EIA Engineering Standards and Publications are designed to serve the public interest
through eliminating misunderstandings between manufacturers and purchasers,
facilitating interchangeability and improvement of products, and assisting the purchaser
in selecting and obtaining with minimum delay the proper product for his particular need.
Existence of such Standards and Publications shall not in any respect preclude any
member or nonmember of TIA/EIA from manufacturing or selling products not
conforming to such Standards and Publications, nor shall the existence of such
Standards and Publications preclude their voluntary use by those other than TIA/EIA
members, whether the standard is to be used either domestically or internationally.

Recommended Standards and Publications are adopted by TIA/EIA in accordance with


the American National Standards Institute (ANSI) patent policy. By such action, TIA/ElA
does not assume any liability to any patent owner, nor does it assume any obligation
whatever to parties adopting the Recommended Standard or Publication.

This Standard does not purport to address all safety problems associated with its use
or all applicable regulatory requirements. It is the responsibility of the user of this
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Standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and to determine the
applicability of regulatory limitations before its use.

Published by

TELECOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION


Standards and Technology Department
2001 Pennsylvania Avenue N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006

@ELECTRONIC INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION 1993


All rights reserved
Printed in U.S.A.

PRICE: Please refer to current


Catalog of EIA & JEDEC STANDARDS & ENGINEERING PUBLICATIONS
or call Global Engineering Documents, USA and Canada (1-800-854-7179)
Internati onal (303-397-7956)

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PLEASE!
DON’T VIOLATE
THE
LAW!

This document is copyrighted by the EL4 and may not be reproduced without
permission.

Organizations may obtain permission to reproduce a limited number of copies


through entering into a license agreement with the EM. For information,
contact:

ELA Engineering Publications Office


2001 Pennsylvania Ave., N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20006
(202)457-4963

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FOTP-4 1

COMPRESSIVE LOADING RESISTANCE OF FIBER OPTIC CABLES

CONTENTS

Section Page
1. INTRODUCTION 1
2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS 2
3. APPARATUS 3
4. SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS 4
5. PROCEDURE 5

6. CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS 8


7. DOCUMENTATION 8
8. SPECIFICATION INFORMATION 9

APPENDIX COMPARISON BETWEEN FOTP-41 AND IEC, ISO, 10


AND CCITT REQUIREMENTS

FIGURE 1 TEST FIXTURE AND TEST ARRANGEMENT 3

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TIA/EIA-455-41A
Page 1

FOTP-4 1

COMPRESSIVE LOADING RESISTANCE OF FIBER O P T I C CABLES

(From EIA Standards Proposal No. 2355, formulated under the


cognizance of TIA FO-6.7, Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Cables, and
TIA FO-6.4, Subcommittee on Fiber Optic Test Methods and
Instrumentation.)
This FOTP is part of the series of test procedures included
within Recommended Standard EIA/TIA-455.

NOTE : This FOTP was originally published in EIA-455-41 as


FOTP-41.

1. INTRODUCTION

0 The intent of this test is to determine the ability of a fiber


optic cable to mechanically and optically withstand, or recover
from (or both), the effects of a slowly-applied compressive
force. The following parameters may be measured or observed:

1.1 the number of fibers broken during the compressive loading,

1.2 the changes in optical transmittance or attenuation during


or after the loading,

1.3 any change in the outer covering.

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Page 2

2. APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

The following documents form a part of this FOTP to the extent


specified herein:

EIA/TIA-455-A "Standard Test Procedures for


Fiber Optic Fibers, Cables,
Tranducers, Sensors, Connecting
and Terminating Devices, and
Other Fiber Optic Components"

FOTP-13 (EIA/TIA-455-13) "Visua1 and Mechanical


Inspection of Fiber Optic
Components, Devices and
Assemblies Ir

FOTP-2O (EIA/TIA-455-2' OA) "Measurement of Change in


Optical Transmittance"
FOT P- 46 ( E IA/TIA-45 5-46A) 'I Spectra1 Attenuation
Measurement for Long-Length,
Graded-index Optical Fibers"

FOTP-53 (EIA/TIA-455-53A) "Attenuation by Substitution


Measurement for Multimode
Graded Index Optical Fibers or
O
Fiber Assemblies Used in Long
Length Communications Systems

FOTP-61 (EIA/TIA-455-61A)2 "Measurement of Fiber or Cable


Attenuation Using an OTDR"
FOTP-78 (EIA/TIA-455-78A) "Spectral - Attenuation Cutback
Measurements for Single-Mode
Optical Fibers"
IEC 794-1, Second Edition "Optical fibre cables, Part 1:
Generic specification"
IEC 794-2, Second Edition "Optical fibre cables, Part 2:
Product specifications"

1 In process of preparation. Pending publication of this revision, use EIA RS-455-20.

2 In process of preparation. Pending publication of this revision, use EIA/TIA-45541.

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Page 3

0 3. APPARATUS
The following apparatus and equipment is required to perform this
test:
3.1 T e s t Fixture. The test fixture shall consist of two flat
contact plates, one of which is movable. As shown in Figure 1,
the plate length shall be 100 mm (4 in.)/ with a 6 mm (1/4 in.)
radius rounded contact edge to prevent cutting the cable. The
contact width of the plate shall be greater than the determined
width of the cable. Unless otherwise specified in the Detail
Specification, the hardness of both the stationary and movable
plates shall be Rockwell RB-90, minimum.

3.2 Lateral Motion C o n t r o l .


The fixture shall be such that
lateral motion of the cable in the fixture is prevented during
test.

3.3 Loading Apparatus. Use a loading system capable of


delivering the specified load at the specified rate. The system
shall also be capable of maintaining the specified load to within
5% for the duration of the test.

COMPRESSION
LOAD
I

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-.
R=6
(1/4 in)-
mm 1
/
L- CABLE
//
FIXED

-100 nm-

Figure 1 . T e s t F i x t u r e and T e s t Arrangement

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Page 4

3.4 Optical T e s t Equipment. Equipment used for measuring


transmittance or attenuation shall be s t a b l e over the length of
time required to perform the test.

3.4.1 Use apparatus as described in FOTP-20 for measuring the


optical transmittance of the fibers. Note that the "reference"
and "monitor" fibers of FOTP-20 are not required. Power dividers
are not required if source instability over the test period is
not greater than ten percent (108) of the specified maximum
attenuation change.
3.4.2 Unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification,
alternative equipment as described in one of the followins FOTPs
may be used for measuring attenuation for a particular type of
fiber in the cable:
3.4.2.1 for multimode fiber, use FOTP-46, FOTP-53, or FOTP-61.

3.4.2.2 for single-mode fiber, use FOTP-78 or FOTP-61.

NOTE : When choosing any optical test methods (and


particularly for OTDR methods such as FOTP-611, users are
cautioned to consider the accuracy required and the
difficulty of performing the tests.

4. SAMPLING AND SPECIMENS

4.1 Samples. Select samples from representative lots of fiber


optic cable.
4.2 Specimen Length. The specimen to be tested may be the end
of a long reel length of cable that is not cut from the reel. If
cut from a long sample, the total length of the specimen shall be
sufficiently long to permit the measurement of changes in optical
transmittance or attenuation, considering the intended
application of the cable. Unless otherwise specified by the
Detail Specification, the specimen length shall be such that the
total attenuation in the specimen exceeds the resolution of the
measurement system, but in no case shall the specimen length be
less than 4 m (13 ft). For best results, optimize the actual
specimen length (together with the launch conditions of the
optical test equipment being used) to approximate the end-use
conditions expected for the cable.

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Page 5

e 5. PROCEDURE

5.1 Unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification,


precondition the specimen of fiber optic cable for a period of 24
hours under the following standard ambient atmospheric
conditions:
5.1.1 For all except U.S. Military applications, precondition in
accordance with EIA/TIA-455-A, Table 1 (23 f: 5OC, 20 to 70%
Relative Humidity, Site-Ambient Pressure), and conduct the test
under these conditions.

5.1.2 For U.S. Military applications only, precondition in


accordance with EIA/TIA-455-A, Table 2 (25 & SOC, 45 to 75%
Relative Humidity, 650 to 800 mm of Hg Pressure), and conduct the
test under these conditions.

5.2 Place the specimen in the test apparatus, taking care that
no initial stress is applied to the specimen. Mount the cable
specimen in a manner to prevent lateral motion of the cable in
the test fixture.
5.2.1 Position the cable so that the fiber unit to be examined
or measured optically is in the direct path of the applied load.
0 (A "unit" is loosely defined here as a tube, groove, bundle, cord
or other structure containing one or more optical fibers.)
5.2.2 Unless otherwise specified by the Detail Specification, in
cases where the cable is other than a round configuration (e.g.,
ribbon, under-carpet, zip-cord), mount the specimen flat in the
compression apparatus with the major dimension of the cable
against the plate surface.
5.2.3 Affix the specimen ends in an appropriate manner to assure
that there is no movement of these ends in the test apparatus
throughout the test.

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Page 6 L

5.3 The Detail Specification shall specify the number of fibers


in the cable to be tested for optical performance. Before
applying any compressive force, measure the optical output power
or attenuation for the unstressed specimen following the
procedures of FOTP-20 (except omitting the "reference" and
"monitor" fibers, and the power divider requirements), or of the
alternative FOTP used (FOTP -46, -53, -61,or - 7 8 ) , as
appropriate. Record data.
NOTE: If the test configuration does not permit optical
measurement while the specimen is in the compression
apparatus, perform an initial measurement following the
instructions of the selected FOTP before installing the
speciment in the test fixture.

5.4 Operate the compressive loading apparatus to apply the


specified load at the specified rate. The load shall be applied
gradually without any abrupt change. If optical measurements
during loading are not required, proceed to 5.5.
Only when required by the Detail Specification or by other
instruction, measure optical output power or attenuation at the
prescribed intervals during the compressive loading cycle.
Record data.

5.5 After maintaining the load for the specified interval,


O
release the compressive load. Allow the specimen to relax for a
minimum period of 5 minutes.

5.6 Measure optical output power or attenuation after


compression. Record data.
NOTE: If the test configuration does not permit optical
measurement while the specimen is in the compression
apparatus, remove the specimen from the apparatus for
optical testing, taking care not to disturb the sample ends
that are attached to the optical equipment.

5.7 After removing the specimen from the test apparatus,


visually inspect the specimen for damage, in accordance with
FOTP-13, except using only normal corrected vision without
magnification. Record observations.

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Page 7

a 6.

6.1
CALCULATIONS OR INTERPRETATION OF RESULTS

If optical power has been measured, calculate the optical


loss in the sample due to crush using the equation:

where Pl is the output power before compressive strength


testing, and
P2 is the output power after compressive strength
testing.

6.2 Unless otherwise specified in the Detail Specification, the


following criteria shall be met in order for the cable to pass
the compressive loading test:
6.2.1 I f specified, the optical l o s s of the specimen due to
crush shall not exceed the limits prescribed by the Detail
Specification;
6.2.2 If specified, the fibers shall not be broken as a result
of the compressive force;
6.2.3 There shall be no cracking, splitting, or similar damage
of the cable exterior, and
6.2.4 Cable exterior deformation shall not be considered as
damage.
6.3 Precision and Bias. No statement is made about either the
precision or bias of FOTP-41 f o r measuring compressive loading

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resistance. The results merely state whether there is conformance
to the criteria for success specified in the procedure.

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Page 8

7. DOCUMENTATION

7.1 Report the following information for each test:

7.1.1 Date of test.


7.1.2 Identification of procedure use (FOTP-41).

7.1.3- Sample identification and description, including cable


length tested.
7.1.4 Maximum load applied and the loading rate.

7.1.5 If optical measurements are required:

7.1.5.1 The optical test procedure and equipment used ( 3 . 4 ) .


7.1.5.2 Appropriate identification of the fibers tested (number
of fibers, distribution in units, etc.) (5.3).
7.1.5.3 The initial and final power readings and the calculated
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loss, or the measured attenuation (5.3 and 5.5).


7.1.5.4 The optical power or attenuation readings while under
load, when measured (5.4).
O
-
7.1.6 Visual observations and damage assessments made.

7.1.7 Conformance to the acceptance criteria.

7.2 United States military applications require that the


following information also be reported for each test. For other
(nonmilitary) applications, this information need not be reported
but shall be available for review upon request.
7.2.1 Identification of test personnel.

7.2.2 Detailed information on equipment used (model number,


serial number, etc.) and calibration dates.
7.2.3 If optical measurement is required:

7.2.3.1 Type and wavelength of source.


7.2.3.2 Description of launch conditions used.
7.2.3.3 Description of cladding mode strippers, if applicable.

7.2.3.4 Description of detection and recording equipment.

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Page 9

8. SPECIFICATION INFORMATION

The following information shall be specified in the Detail


Specification:

8.1 A reference to this test procedure.

8.2 Any exceptions or deviations that apply to this test


procedure, including:
8.2.1 Specimen length limits, if other than stated in the
procedure (4.2).
8.2.2 Conditioning requirements and test conditions, if other
than standard (5.1).
8.2.3 Any other deviations.
8 . 3 The compressive load to be applied, the loading rate, and the
interval for which is load is maintained.
8.4 Whether optical measurements are required, and if so:

8.4.1 Optical source wavelenqth


- to be used.
8.4.2 The number of fibers to be tested ( 5 . 3 ) .

8.4.3 Whether optical measurements are required during the


compressive loading, and if so, the required measurement
interval(s) (5.4 and 5.5).

8.5 Acceptance or failure criteria.

8.6 Other requirements, if applicable.

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Page 10 c

APPENDIX

COMPARISON BETWEEN F O T P - 4 1 AND I E C , S I O , AND C C I T T REQUIREMENTS


(Nonmandatory Information)

B.l IEC

Reference is made to IEC 794-1, Second Edition (1987), "Optical


fibre cables, Part 1: Generic Specification," and to IEC 794-2,
Second Edition (1989-lo), "Optical fibre cables, Part 2: Product
specifications.'I
Clause 12 of IEC 704-1 covers "Method IEC 794-1-E3 - Crush,"
which is a method essentially the same as FOTP-41. IEC 794-1
reqires testing at 15 to 35OC, 25 to 75% relative humidity, and
86 to 106 kPa air pressure, which does not completely agree with
FOTP-41. IEC 794-1 also specifies that if the load is applied in
incremental steps, the steps shall not exceed a ratio of 1.5:l.
IEC 794-1, like FOTP-41, defers to the Detail Specification for
other test conditions and requirements.
As examples of Detail Specification requirements, Clause 6.2 of
IEC 794-2 deals with a single fiber cable. It calls for a
minimum radius of curvature of the movable p l a t e o f 5 mm, and a 500 N
load applied for 1 minute, with no fiber breakage allowed.
Clause 10.2.2 relates to a dual fiber cable; it calls for a
minimum of a 5 mm radius movable plate c u r v a t u r e , and a 1000 N load
applied for 1 minute, with no fiber breakage allowed.

B.2 IS0

No comparable IS0 tests have been identified or reviewed.

B.3 CCITT

It should be noted that, as of this publication date, there are


no known CCITT test methods that are comparable to this FOTP.
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