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Solución

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 UNIDAD VI

EJERCICIO 1

DETERMINE SI LATRANSFORMACIÓN DADA DE V W ES LINEAL O NO.

I.- T: R2 R3 ; T (X, Y)= (X, Y)

T [ (X1, Y1 ) + (X2 , Y2) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 , Y2)]

= [(Y1, +Y2 ) + (X1 , X2)]

(Y1, +Y2 ) = T(X1, Y1) Y (X1 , X2) = T(X2, Y2)

T [ (X1, Y1 ) + (X2 , Y2) ] = T(X1, X2) + T (Y1, Y2)

T [ K (X, Y) ] = T ( KX, KY) = KT(X, Y) = (Y, X)

SI ES UNA TRANSFORMACIÓN LINEAL

EJERCICIO 2

2.- T: R3 R2 ; T (X, Y, Z) = (1, Z)

T [ (X1, Y1 , Z1) + (X2 , Y2 , Z2) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 + Y2) (Z1 + Z2)]
= [( 1 ) + (Z1 , Z2)]
T [ (1, Z1) + (1, Z2)] = T(1, Z1) + T(1, Z2)

T [ K (X, Y, Z) ] = T ( KX, KY, KZ) = KT(X, Y, Z) = K(1, Z) = (K, KZ)

NO ES UNA TRANSFORMACIÓN LINEAL.

EJERCICIO 3

2.- T: R3 R2 ; T (X, Y, Z) = (X, Y)

T [ (X1, Y1 , Z1) + (X2 , Y2 , Z2) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 + Y2) (Z1 + Z2)]

= [( X1, X2) + (Y1 , Y2)]

T [ (X1, Y1) + (X1, Y2)] = T(X1, Y1) + T(X2, Y2)

T [ K (X, Y, Z) ] = T ( KX, KY, KZ) = K(X, Y) = KT(X, Y)

SI ES UNA TRANSFORMACIÓN LINEAL.

EJERCICIO 4

4.- T: R2 R2 ; T (X, Y) = (1, Y)

T [ (X1, Y1 ) + (X2 , Y2 ) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 + Y2)]

= [( 1 ) + (Y1 , Y2)]
T [ (1, Y1) + (1, Y2)] = T(1, Y1) + T(1, Y2)

T [ K (X, Y) ] = T ( KX, KY,) = KT(X, Y) = K(1, Y) = (K, KY)

NO ES UNA TRANSFORMACIÓN LINEAL

EJERCICIO 5

5.- T: R2 R2 ; T (X, Y) = (X + Y, X - Y, 3Y)

T [ (X1, Y1 ) + (X2 , Y2 ) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 + Y2)]

= [ (X1 + X2 +Y2 +Y2), (X1 + X2 -Y2 -Y2), (3Y1 +3Y2)]
= [ (X1 + Y1 , X2 +Y2 , 3Y1 ) + ( X2 -Y2 , X2 -Y2 , 3Y2)]

(X1 + Y1 , X2 +Y2 , 3Y1 ) = T (X1 , Y1) Y ( X2 -Y2 , X2 -Y2 , 3Y2) = T (X2 , Y2)

T [ (X1, Y1 ) + (X2 , Y2 ) ] = T [(X1, +X2 ) + (Y1 + Y2)]

T [ K (X, Y) ] = T ( KX, KY) = ( KX + K Y. KX – KY, 3KY) = k( X + Y, X – Y, 3Y)

= KT (X, Y)

SI ES UNA TRANSFORMACIÓN LINEAL.

OBTENER LA IMAGEN, NÚCLEO, RANGO Y NULIDAD DE LA

TRANSFORMACIÓN DEFINIDA POR:

EJEMPLO 1

T (X, Y, Z) = ( X + Y, Y + Z, 0 )
B = { (1, 0, 0), ( 0, 1, 0), ( 0, 0, 1)}
T = ( 1, 0, 0) = ( 1, 0, 0)

T = ( 0, 1, 0,) = ( 0, 1, 0)

T = ( 0, 0, 1) = ( 0, 1, 0)
1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 0

α(1, 0, 0) + α( 0, 1, 0) = ( x, y , z)
α=x
α=y
z=0

II = { ( α, α, 0 ) / α, α, ∈ R }

R=2
( X + Y, Y + Z, 0 ) = ( 0, 0 ,0)

X+Y=0
X+Y=0
0=0

X = -Y
Y=-Z
Z=Z
SI Z = 1, y = -1, X = 1

BN { ( 1, -1, 1 )}

α ( 1, -1. 1) = ( X. Y . Z)
X=α
Y = -α
Z=α N = { (α, -α, α) / α ∈ R}

N=1

EJEMPLO 2

2.- T ( X, Y , Z) = ( 2Y + Z, 3X + 1, 1+ Y)
B = { (1, 0, 0), ( 0, 1, 0), ( 0, 0, 1)}

T = ( 1, 0, 0) = ( 0, 4, 1)

T = ( 0, 1, 0,) = ( 2, 1, 1)

T = ( 0, 0, 1) = ( 1, 1, 1)
0 4 1 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
2 1 2 2 1 2 0 -1 -1 0 -1 -1
1 1 1 0 4 1 0 4 1 0 0 7

α(1, 1, 1) + α( 0, -1, -1) +α (0, 0, -7)= ( x, y , z)

α=x
α-α=y
α - α - 7α = Z

II = { ( α, α - α, α - α - 7α, 0 ) / α, α, α ∈ R }

R=3

( 2Y + Z, 3X + 1, 1+ Y) = ( 0, 0, 0)

2Y + Z = 0
3X + 1= 0
1+ Y = 0

X = - 1/3
Y=-1
Z=2

BN { ( - 1/3, -1, 2 )}

α (- 1/3, -1, 2 ) = ( X. Y . Z)

X = -1/3α
Y = -α
Z = 2α N = { ( -1/3α, -α, 2α) / α ∈ R}

N=1
EJEMPLO 3

3.- T ( X, Y , Z) = (3X + Y, Z + 1, 3Y + 1)

B = { (1, 0, 0), ( 0, 1, 0), ( 0, 0, 1)}

T = ( 1, 0, 0) = ( 3, 1, 1)
T = ( 0, 1, 0,) = ( 1, 0 ,4)
T = ( 0, 0, 1) = ( 0, 2, 1)

3 1 1 1 1 4 1 1 1 1 1 4
1 1 4 3 1 1 0 -2 -11 0 -2 -11
0 2 1 0 2 1 0 2 1 0 0 -10

α(1, 1, 4) + α( 0, -2, -11) +α (0, 0, -10)= ( x, y , z)

α=x
α-α=y
4α -11 α - 10α = Z

II = { ( α, α - α,4 α - 11α - 10α, ) / α, α, α ∈ R }

R=3
( 3X + Y, Z + 1, 3Y + 1) = ( 0, 0, 0)

3X + Y= 0
Z + 1= 0
3Y + 1 = 0

X = 1/9
Y = - 1/3
Z =-1

BN { ( 1/9, -1/3, -1 )}

α ( 1/9, -1/3, -1 ) = ( X. Y . Z)

X = -1/9α
Y = -1/3α
Z = -1α N = { ( 1/9α, -1/3α, -1α) / α ∈ R}

N=1
EJEMPLO 4
4.- T ( X, Y , Z) = ( X + Z, Y, X + Z)
B = { (1, 0, 0), ( 0, 1, 0), ( 0, 0, 1)}
T = ( 1, 0, 0) = ( 1, 0, 1)
T = ( 0, 1, 0,) = ( 0, 1, 0)
T = ( 0, 0, 1) = ( 1, 0, 1)

1 0 1 1 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 0

α(1, 0, 1) + α( 0, 1, 0) = ( x, y , z)
α=x
α=y
α= Z
II = { ( α, α) / α, α ∈ R }
R=2

( X + Z, Y, X + Z) = ( 0, 0, 0)

X + Z= 0
Y= 0
X+Z=0
X = -Z
Y=0
Z=Z
SI Z = 1, X = -1, Y = 0
BN { ( -1, 0, 1 )}
α ( -1, 0, 1 ) = ( X. Y . Z)
X = -α
Y=0
Z=α N = { ( -α, 0, α) / α ∈ R}

N=1
EJEMPLO 5
5.- T ( X, Y , Z) = ( X + Z, 0)
B = { (1, 0, 0), ( 0, 1, 0), ( 0, 0, 1)}
T = ( 1, 0, 0) = ( 1, 0, 0)
T = ( 0, 1, 0,) = ( 0, 1, 0)
T = ( 0, 0, 1) = ( 1, 0, 0)

1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 0 0

α(1, 0, 0) + α( 0, 1, 0) = ( x, y , z)
α=x
α=y
0= Z

II = { ( α, α, 0) / α, α ∈ R }

R=2

( X + Z, Y, 0) = ( 0, 0, 0)

X + Z= 0
Y= 0
0=0

X = -Z
Y=0
Z=Z

SI Z = 1, X = -1, Y = 0
BN { ( -1, 0, 1 )}
α ( -1, 0, 1 ) = ( X. Y . Z)
X = -α
Y=0
Z=α N = { ( -α, 0, α) / α ∈ R}

N=1