MAMMALIAN MUSCULATURE (RABBIT)
3B4
Name of the Muscle
a. Panniculus Carnosus or Cutaneous
maximus
b. Platysma
a. External oblique
b. Internal oblique
c. Transversus abdominis
d. Rectus abdominis
Description
I. Dermal/ Integumentary
Covers the entire lateral surface
of the thorax and abdomen; more
prominent anteriorly
Covers the entire lateral surface
of the thorax and abdomen, being
more prominent anteriorly
Large muscle constituting the
outermost layer of the abdominal
wall
Short muscle lying beneath the
more dorsal portion of the
external oblique.
Very thin, third muscle layer
found by cutting through the
internal oblique and by separating
the edges
Long,slender muscle on each side
of the linea alba, extending from
the pubic symphysis to the
anterior part of the thorax
Origin (O)
Medial side of the humerus
Linea alba and various points on
the ventral side of the thorax
Under the surface of the skin of
the neck and head
II. Abdominal Wall
Lumbodorsal fascia and
Posterior ribs by separate slips
Second sheet of the lumbodorsal
fascia, posterior ribs and
inguinal ligament
Anterior end of pubic symphysis
Insertion (I) Action (A)
Skin Shakes skin
Skin of the ears, eyelids, lips, etc. Moves them
Extensive neurosis which passes to
linea alba; Inguinal ligament
Compressor of the abdomen
Linea alba by the extensive
aponeurosis
Sternum and costal cartilages Retract ribs and sternum and
compresses the abdomen
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 III. Epaxial muscle

Name of the muscle Description Origin (O) Insertion (I) Action (A)

a. Multifidus A deep,narrow muscle that is
most visible in the lumbar region
b. Erector spinae A large muscle mass on each side
of the vertebral column which
extends from the sacrum and
pelvis to the head
c. Semispinalis dorsi A group of muscle bundles lying
deep to the splenius in the neck
region
Sacrum, Erector spinae,
Aponeurosis, Posterior superior
iliac spine and iliac crest
Spinous processes of T9-T12
thoracic vertebrae, medial slope
of the dorsal segment of iliac
crest
Transverse processes
Spinous processes Extension: bending the
spinal column backwards
Lateral flexion: bending the
spinal column to each side
Lateral rotation: twisting the
spinal column to each side,
and spinal support
Spinous processes of T1 and T2
thoracic vertebrae and the cervical
vertebrae
Extends the vertebral
column
Back of the skull

d.Longgisimus Capitis Articular processes of C4-C7, as Mastoid process Extension of the head and
well as the transverse processes cervical spine
of T1-T5

Transverse processes of T6-T12 Transverse processes of C2-C6 Laterally flexes and

Cervicis bilaterally extends neck
Muscle lateral to the semispinalis

Iliac crest, sacrum, spinous Angle of ribs 3-12 and the second Extension pf the thoracic
Thoracis process L1-L5, and transverse rib spine, lateral flexion of the
process T6-T12 thoracic spine

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 e. Iliocostalis
Cervicis
Costalis
Name of the muscle
a. Pectoralis major
b. Pectoralis primus
c. Pectoralis minor
a. Depressor conchae posterior (Special
portion of Platysma)
b. Sternohyoid
Angle of ribs 3-6 Transverse process of C4-C6 Bilaterally extends and
hyperextends the vertebral
Lateral to the longissimus that is column
the nearest to the furrow that
separates the epaxial muscles
from the hypaxial
Tips of the transverse processes Medial part of the area between the Bilaterally extends and
of C7-T7, the articular processes superior and inferior nuchal lines of hyperextends the spine, and
of C4 to C6 and occasionally the occipital bone, blending with unilaterally flexes the spine
from the spinous process of C7 the spinalis thoracis
or T1
IV. Chest muscles
Description Origin (O) Insertion (I) Action (A)
Large muscle covering most of Whole length of the sternum
the surface of the chest Draw the arm toward the
Humerus chest
Slender muscle at the anterior end Manubrium of the sternum
of the Pectoralis major
Found internal to the middle of Manubrium Clavicle Draws arm and shoulder
the belly of Pectoralis major Spine of the Scapula toward the chest
V. Neck and Throat muscle
Broad, thin sheet of dermal
muscle extends from the
manubrium of the sternum Manubrium of the sternum Base of the ear Moves the ear
forward, which forks like a letter
“V”, where each half inserts at the
base of the ear
Long muscle in the median line of Manubrium of the sternum Anterior horn of the hyoid Draws the hyoid posteriorly
the neck or raises the sternum
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 c. Sternomastoid Long muscle on each side of the
Sternohyoid, two of the members
of its pair converge toward the
manubrium of the sternum from
which they originate
Sternum and fascia of the Mastoid process of the skull Singly turn the head,
pectoralis depresses the head on the
neck

d. Cleidomastoid Medial; Lies lateral and Mastoid region of the skull Clavicle Elevates the clavicle or turns
. somewhat dorsal to the the head
sternomastoid

e. Basioclavicularis Slightly lateral to the Occipital bone Clavicle Draw the ear towards the
Cleidomastoid at its cranial end, shoulder and rotate slightly
but crosses ventral to it caudally, forward on the
so that its insertion on the clavicle corresponding side
is medial to that of the
cleidomastoid

f. Clavodeltoid Continuation of the two preceding Clavicle Humerus Raises the humerus
muscles

g. Masseter A great mass of muscles that Zygomatic arch Outer surface of the posterior end of Closes the lower jaw
covers the angle of the jaws, the mandible
where the outer surface has a very
tough, shining fascia
h. Digastric Located along the ventral surface Occipital bone Ventral surface of the mandible Opens the jaw
of each half of the jaw bone,
which terminates through a
slender tendon
i. Mylohyoid Thin sheet of muscle crossing Mandible Median ventral line (raphe) and the Raises the floor of the mouth
transversely between and to hyoid Brings the hyoid forward
which is also dorsal to the two
digastrics

j. Sternothyroid Thin muscle that lies deeply and Sternum Thyroid cartilage Pulls the larynx posteriorly
is slightly lateral to the
sternohyoid

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 k. Thyrohyoid Thin muscle at each side of the
larynx which extends from the
thyroid cartilage up to the hyoid.
VI. Upper back and shoulder muscles
Name of the muscle Description
a. Latissimus dorsi Large, flat muscle extending
obliquely from the middle of the
back to the forelimb
b. Anterior trapezius Long slender muscles running
(Acromiotrapezius) along the ventral border of the
anterior trapezius near to insertion
Trapezius
c. Posterior trapezius Large, thick muscles extending
(Spinotrapezius) from the vertebral border of the
scapula to the middorsal line
d. Levator scapulae ventralis Long, slender muscle running
(Levator scapulae major) along the ventral border of the
anterior trapezius near its
insertion, then diverges to its
origin
e. Rhomboideus Large, thick muscle extending
from the vertebral border of the
scapula to the middorsal line
f. Splenius Fairly broad but thin muscle on
the back of the anterior part of the
neck under the anterior trapezius
Thyrocartilage
Origin (O)
Lumbodorsal fascia and
posterior ribs
External occipital protuberance
of the skull and ligament in the
midddorsal line
Lumbodorsal fascia and the
neural spines of the thoracic
vertebrae
From the ventral surface of the
skull at the suture between
occipital and basisphenoid
Middorsal ligament of the neck
and succeeding neural spines
Middorsal line of neck and
adjacent fascia
Hyoid
Insertion (I)
Crest on the medial side of the
humerus
Metacromion process and near-by
muscles and fascia
Spine of the scapula
Metacromion process in common
with the anterior trapezius
Vertebral border of the scapula
Occipital region of the skull and
atlas
Raises the larynx
Action (A)
Draws the arm caudad and
dorsad
Draws the scapula and limb
upward and forward
Pulls the scapula anteriorly
Draws scapula toward
vertebral column
Singly turns the head,
together raise the head
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 g. Supraspinatus Small, triangular muscle lateral to Supraspinous fossa
Spinatus the clavodeltoid Greater tuberosity of the humerus Extends the humerus

h. Infraspinatus Stout muscle along the axillary Infraspinous fossa and spine
border of the scapula; Muscle
partly covered by the third
deltoid, which is attached to its
surface
i. Clavodeltoid Most anterior deltoid Clavicle
(Anterior)
Deltoids
j.Acromiodeltoid Medial deltoid; small triangular Acromion process Humerus Raises the humerus
(Middle)

k. Spinodeltoid Posterior deltoid; Passes under Fascia of the muscle which fills
(Posterior) the long metacromion process; the infraspinous fossa
lateral to middle

l. Teres major The stout muscle along the
axillary border of the scapula
Teres behind the Infraspinatus
m. Teres minor Separate the teres major well
from the infraspinatus and look In
between them
Dorsal half the axillary border of
the scapula
Ventral half of the axillary
border of the scapula
Humerus in common with the
latissimus dorsi
Draws humerus against body
and rotates it
Greater tuberosity of the humerus

n. Rhomboideus capitis (Levator A slender, bandlike muscles lies Side of the skull above the Posterior end of the vertebral border Draws scapula craniad and
scapulae minor) in contact with the inner surface tympanic bulla on the medial side rotates it
of the rhomboideus and passes
along the external surface of the
splenius to be connected with the
skull
o. Subscapularis A large muscle that completely Medial surface of the scapula Lesser tuberosity of the humerus Pulls the humerus toward the
covers the medial or inner surface median ventral line

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 of the scapula, its fibers disposed
in several directions

p. Cervical Several long flat muscles
(anterior portion) extending from the transverse
processes of the cervical
Serratus ventralis vertebrae to the ribs
q. Thoracic Covers the dorsal half of the
(posterior thorax underneath the latissimus
portion) dorsi, trapezius and rhomboideus
Transverse process of the
cervical vertebrae by separate
slips and on the first two ribs
Seven slips from the ribs
Vertebral border of the scapula
above the subscapularis
Draws scapula forward,
backward, or against the
body
Vertebral border of the scapula
above the subscapularis

r. Scalenes Several long, flat muscles
extending from the transverse
processes of the cervical
vertebrae to the ribs
s. Serratus dorsalis Series of muscles on the sides of
the chest
Transverse process of the First and Second ribs Raise the ribs and bend the
cervical vertebrae of the ribs neck
Tendon from the median dorsal Ribs by slips Raises the ribs craniad
line of the neck

t. External A series of muscle on the sides of Posterior margins of the Anterior margins of the succeeding Pull the ribs forward
intercostal the chest running from one rib to vertebral ribs vertebral ribs
Intercostals the next; Extend on the chest wall
ventral to the insertion of the
serratus dorsalis
u. Internal Best seen in the ventral thoracic Margins of the vertebral and Margins of the vertebral and sternal Lower the ribs
intercostal wall, internal to the scalenes; sternal ribs ribs
chief muscles concerned in the
respiratory movements of the
thorax

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 VII. Upper arm
Name of the muscle Description Origin (O) Insertion (I) Action (A)

a. Triceps Brachii Great extensor mass located on Scapula, from the axillary border Olecranon of ulna
the back of the upper arm.

Long head Large mass on the back of the Glenoid border of the scapula Olecranon process of the ulna
upper arm

Lateral head On the lateral surface of the upper Greater tuberosity and deltoid
arm, ventral to the long head ridge of the humerus Extends forearm

Medial head In contact with the humerus; deep Dorsal surface of the humerus
between the long and lateral
heads (cut through the lateral
head)

b. Epitochlearis or Extensor Located on the medial surface of Fascia that is located on the Olecranon
antibranchii the long head of a triceps where a medial surface of the long head
fascia from the lower part is of the triceps
where this muscle originates.

c. Biceps brachii Spindle-shaped muscle that is Glenoid fossa

located on the anterior surface of
the upper arm.
Ulna and Radius Flexes the forearm
d. Brachialis Found next and lateral to the Ventral and lateral surface of the
biceps and in contact with the humerus
humerus.

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Name of the muscle
a. Extensor carpi ulnaris
b. Extensor digitorum lateralis
c. Extensor digitorum communis
d. Brachioradialis or Supinator longus
e. Extensor carpi radialis
f. Pronator teres
Description
Attached from the ulna to the
carpals, which aids for extending
the fifth digit
Located next to extensor carpi
ulnaris, going toward the pre-
axial side
Located next to the Extensor
digitorum lateralis
Located next to the Extensor
digitorum communis on the
preaxial border of the forearm,
but loose and standing away
from the underlying extensor.
Underlies the branchioradialis and
extends onto the inner or medial
surface of the arm
Located next to the extensor carpi
radialis longus, and may
somewhat be underneath.
Proceeds on the medial surface of
the forearm toward the ulnar side.
VIII.Forearm muscles
Origin (O)
Lateral epicondyle of the
humerus and semilunar notch of
the ulna
Lateral surface of the humerus
above the lateral epicondyle
Humerus
Middle of humerus
Humerus near other extensors
Medial epicondyle of the
humerus
Insertion (I) Action (A)
Proximal end of the fifth metacarpal Extends the fifth digit and
the ulnar side of the wrist.
Tendon passes internal to wrist Extend the third and fourth
ligaments and then splits into three digit
or four tendons somewhat
underlying the tendons of the next
muscles
Attaches via tendons from the Extends the digits
second up to the fifth phalanges
Lower end of radius and adjacent Rotates hand to supine
ligaments position
Second and third metacarpals Extends hand
Radius Rotates radius to prone
position
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 g. Flexor carpi radialis
h. Palmaris longus
i. Flexor profundus digitorum
j.Flexor carpi ulnaris
Name of the muscle
a. Tensor fasciae latae
b. Anterior head
Biceps
femoris
c. Posterior head
May lie next to or under the
preceding origin; Medial
epicondyle humerus
Flat muscle forming outer surface
of forearm next to preceding.
Complex muscle that lies under
the preceding and projects to the
radial side of it.
Consists of two nearly separate
muscles which form the ulnar
border of the forearm from the
medial view.
Description
Short, thin but broad muscle
forming the caudal surface of the
shank; found in the dorsal side
Internal to that part of the
gastrocnemius which is on the
lateral surface of the thigh
Internal to that part of the
gastrocnemius which is medial
Medial epicondyle of the
humerus
Medial epicondyle of the
humerus
Originates from the ulna and
humerus, converging to a broad
flat tendon under the tendon of
Pulmaris longus
One head, originates from the
medial epicondyle of the
humerus. The other head
originates from the exposed
IX. Thigh muscles
Origin (O)
Illium
Neural spines of the adjacent
vertebrae
Ischial tuberosity
Second and third metacarpals
Flat tendon passes through wrist
ligaments and divides into four or
five tendons, which pass to pads of
palm and phalanges
This tendon divides into five,
inserted on the basal phalanges.
The pisiform bone of the wrist
Insertion (I)
In the Fascia
By a tendon on the patella and on
the fascia of the shank
By a tendon on the patella and on
the fascia of the shank
Flexes the metacarpals
Flexor of digits
General flexor of the finger
Flexes ulnar side of wrists
Action (A)
Tightens the fascia
Adductor of the thigh and
flexor of the shank
Adductor of the thigh and
flexor of the shank
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 d. Gluteus maximus Under the fascia, a thin muscle
whose posterior part is partly
covered by the biceps femoris
Gluteus
e. Gluteus medius The larger, thick muscle anterior
to the Gluteus maximus
f. Vastus lateralis Under the fascia lata and its
tensor by a longitudinal slit
extending to the knee
Vastus g. Vastus intermedius Posterior part of the Vastus
lateralis
h. Vastus medialis On the medial side of the thigh
posterior to the first part of the
rectus femoris and not very well
separable from it
i. First part Thin muscle which is folded over
Rectus the anterior margin of the thigh
femoris
j. Second part Thin muscle which is folded over
the anterior margin of the thigh
k. Sartorius The very long, narrow muscle
extending like a band along the
middle of the medial surface of
the thigh
Fascia of the sacrum and part
and part of the illium
Crest and anterior part of illlium
Greater trochanter
Greater trochanter and surface of
the femur
Greater trochanter and surface of
the femur
Illium and the fascia lata
Illium in front of the acetabulum
Inguinal ligament
Third trochanter, the small
projection below the trochanter
Abducts the thigh
Great trochanter
Tibia and the patella and the tendon
which extends over the patella
Powerful extensor of the
shank
Tibia and the patella and the tendon
which extends over the patella
On the tibia and the patella and the
tendon which extends over the
patella
Tibia and patella and the tendon Powerful extensor of the
which extends over the patella shank
Tibia and patella and the tendon
which extends over the patella
Tibia Adductor of the thigh;
Rotator of the thigh;
Extensor of the Shank
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 l. Gracilis
Adductor
m. Adductor longus
n. Adductor magnus
o. Semitendinosus
p. Semimembranosus
Name of the muscle
a. Tibialis anterior
b. Peroneus
. lateral surface, consisting of a
c. Gastrocnemius
A large, thin muscle over the Pubic symphysis Fascia of the distal portion of the Adductor of the leg
posterior half of the medial thigh and proximal portion of the
surface of the thigh shank
Stout muscle beneath the gracilis;
Anterior end Various parts of the ischium Femur Adductor of the thigh
Stout muscle beneath the gracilis;
Posterior end
A cyclindrical muscle found Ischial tuberosity Medial condyle of the tibia
inside the adductor magnus
A muscle which forms the Fascia over the biceps and With the gracilis in the fascia of the Flexor of the shank
posterior margin of the thigh, ischial tuberosity shank
between the biceps femoris and
the adductor magnus
X. Shank muscles
Description Origin (O) Insertion (I) Action
The most ventral muscle, with the Lateral condyle and tuberosity of Second metatarsals Flexor of the foot
ventral border in contact with the the tibia
tibia, located in the lateral surface
of the shank
Dorsal to the preceding on the Tibia and fibula Metatarsals Flexor of the foot
group of several more or less
fused muscles
A thin, but broad muscle forming Lateral and medial condyles of
the caudal surface of the shank. the femur and tibia
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 d. Soleus An internal muscle that is a part Head of the fibula
of the gastrocnemius which is on Tendon of Achilles Extensor of the foot
the lateral surface of the thigh

e. Plantaris Situated internal to the part of the Lateral condyle of the femur
gastrocnemius which is on the
lateral surface of the thigh

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