Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 24

TRAVEL & TOURISM

ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018


INDONESIA
ECONOMIC
IMPACT 2018

“Inclusive growth and ensuring a future


with quality jobs are the concerns of
governments everywhere. Travel &
Tourism, which already supports one in
every ten jobs on the planet, is a dynamic
engine of employment opportunity.”
Gloria Guevara Manzo, President & CEO
World Travel & Tourism Council

For more information, please contact:


ROCHELLE TURNER | Research Director
rochelle.turner@wttc.org
FOREWORD

A
s one of the world’s largest economic sectors, Travel & Tourism
creates jobs, drives exports, and generates prosperity across the
world. In our annual analysis of the global economic impact of
Travel & Tourism, the sector is shown to account for 10.4% of
global GDP and 313 million jobs, or 9.9% of total employment, in 2017.

The right policy and investment decisions are only made with empirical
evidence. For over 25 years, the World Travel & Tourism Council (WTTC) has
been providing this evidence, quantifying the economic and employment
impact of Travel & Tourism. Our 2018 Annual Economic Reports cover 185
countries and 25 regions of the world, providing the necessary data on 2017
performance as well as unique 10-year forecasts on the sector’s potential.

2017 was one of the strongest years of GDP growth in a decade with
robust consumer spending worldwide. This global growth transferred again
into Travel & Tourism with the sector’s direct growth of 4.6% outpacing
THE ECONOMIC IMPACT the global economy for the seventh successive year. As in recent years,
OF GLOBAL TRAVEL & performance was particularly strong across Asia, but proving the sector’s
TOURISM resilience, 2017 also saw countries such as Tunisia, Turkey and Egypt that
had previously been devastated by the impacts of terrorist activity,
recover strongly.

10.4%
Travel & Tourism GDP as a
This power of resilience in Travel & Tourism will be much needed for
the many established Travel & Tourism destinations that were severely
impacted by natural disasters in 2017. While our data shows the extent
of these impacts and rates of recovery over the decade ahead, beyond
percentage of global GDP. just numbers, WTTC and its Members are working hard to support local
communities as they rebuild and recover.

Inclusive growth and ensuring a future with quality jobs are the concerns
of governments everywhere. Travel & Tourism, which already supports

4.6%
Direct Travel & Tourism GDP
one in every ten jobs on the planet, is a dynamic engine of employment
opportunity. Over the past ten years, one in five of all jobs created across
the world has been in the sector and, with the right regulatory conditions
and government support, nearly 100 million new jobs could be created over
growth in 2017. the decade ahead.

Over the longer term, forecast growth of the Travel & Tourism sector will
continue to be robust as millions more people are moved to travel to see

1 /10
the wonders of the world. Strong growth also requires strong management,
and WTTC will also continue to take a leadership role with destinations
to ensure that they are planning effectively and strategically for growth,
accounting for the needs of all stakeholders and using the most advanced
jobs are supported by Travel & technologies in the process.
Tourism. This is 9.9% of global
employment. WTTC is proud to continue to provide the evidence base required in order
to help both public and private bodies make the right decisions for the
future growth of a sustainable Travel & Tourism sector, and for the millions
of people who depend on it.

1 /5
of all global net jobs created in
last decade have been within the
Travel & Tourism sector.
Gloria Guevara Manzo
President & CEO

Cover: Jack Anstey, Unsplash


Inside cover: Derek Thomson, Unsplash

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018


CONTENTS

THE ECONOMIC IMPACT


OF TRAVEL & TOURISM
MARCH 2018

FOREWORD

2018 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY FACTS 1

DEFINING THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM 2

TRAVEL & TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP 3

TRAVEL & TOURISM’S CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT 4

VISITOR EXPORTS AND INVESTMENT 5

DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF TRAVEL & TOURISM 6

COUNTRY RANKINGS: ABSOLUTE CONTRIBUTION, 2017 7

COUNTRY RANKINGS: RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION, 2017 8

COUNTRY RANKINGS: REAL GROWTH, 2018 9

COUNTRY RANKINGS: LONG TERM GROWTH, 2018 - 2028 10

SUMMARY TABLES: ESTIMATES & FORECASTS 11

THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM: REAL 2017 PRICES 12

THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM: NOMINAL PRICES 13

THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM: GROWTH 14

GLOSSARY 15

METHODOLOGICAL NOTE 16

REGIONS, SUB-REGIONS & COUNTRIES 17


INDONESIA
2018 ANNUAL RESEARCH: KEY FACTS 1
2018 FORECAST

GDP: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION


The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was IDR259,583.0bn (USD19.4bn), 1.9% of total
GDP in 2017 and is forecast to rise by 5.2% in 2018, and to rise by 6.1% pa, from 2018-2028, to IDR494,021.0bn
(USD37.0bn), 2.1% of total GDP in 2028.

GDP: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION


The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP was IDR787,100.0bn (USD58.9bn), 5.8% of GDP in 2017, and
is forecast to rise by 5.4% in 2018, and to rise by 6.4% pa to IDR1,547,440.0bn (USD115.8bn), 6.6% of GDP in 2028.

EMPLOYMENT: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION


In 2017 Travel & Tourism directly supported 4,585,000 jobs (3.7% of total employment). This is expected to rise
by 1.8% in 2018 and rise by 3.0% pa to 6,258,000 jobs (4.2% of total employment) in 2028.

EMPLOYMENT: TOTAL CONTRIBUTION


In 2017, the total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment, including jobs indirectly supported by
the industry was 10.0% of total employment (12,241,500 jobs). This is expected to rise by 2.0% in 2018 to
12,486,500 jobs and rise by 3.1% pa to 16,985,000 jobs in 2028 (11.4% of total).

VISITOR EXPORTS
Visitor exports generated IDR192,608.0bn (USD14.4bn), 7.0% of total exports in 2017. This is
forecast to grow by 3.8% in 2018, and grow by 6.4% pa, from 2018-2028, to IDR372,088.0bn (USD27.8bn) in
2028, 9.3% of total.
INVESTMENT
Travel & Tourism investment in 2017 was IDR160,864.0bn, 3.7% of total investment (USD12.0bn). It should rise
by 6.6% in 2018, and rise by 6.2% pa over the next ten years to IDR311,887.0bn (USD23.3bn) in 2028, 4.0% of
total.
1
All values are in constant 2017 prices & exchange rates

WORLD RANKING (OUT OF 185 COUNTRIES):


Relative importance of Travel & Tourism's total contribution to GDP

23 152 45 7
ABSOLUTE RELATIVE SIZE GROWTH LONG-TERM GROWTH
Size in 2017 Contribution to GDP in 2017 2018 forecast Forecast 2018-2028

TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF BREAKDOWN OF TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL


TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP CONTRIBUTION TO GDP AND EMPLOYMENT 2017
2017 IDRbn GDP (2017 IDRbn)
1,800,000
172,445
1,600,000
1,400,000 355,072
1,200,000
1,000,000
259,583
800,000
EMPLOYMENT
600,000
4,585 ('000)
400,000 6,095
DIRECT
200,000 1,562
0 + INDIRECT
2011

2016
2017
2018

2028
2010

2014
2015
2012
2013
2008
2009

2028

+ INDUCED
DIRECT INDIRECT INDUCED
= TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 1


DEFINING THE ECONOMIC
CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM
Travel & Tourism is an important economic activity in most countries around the world. As well as its direct economic impact, the
industry has significant indirect and induced impacts. The UN Statistics Division-approved Tourism Satellite Accounting
methodology (TSA:RMF 2008) quantifies only the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism. But WTTC recognises that Travel &
Tourism's total contribution is much greater, and aims to capture its indirect and induced impacts through its annual research.

DIRECT
Travel & Tourism contribution

COMMODITIES
● Accommodation
● Transportation
● Entertainment
● Attractions
INDIRECT INDUCED TOTAL
INDUSTRIES Travel & Tourism contribution Travel & Tourism
● Accommodation services contribution (spending of direct and contribution
● Food & beverage services indirect employees)
● Retail Trade ● T&T investment spending
● Transportation services
● Cultural, sports & recreational ● Government collective T&T ● Food and beverages ● To GDP
services spending ● Recreation
● Clothing ● To employment
SOURCES OF SPENDING ● Impact of purchases from ● Housing
● Residents' domestic T&T suppliers ● Household goods
spending
● Businesses' domestic travel
spending
● Visitor exports
● Individual government T&T
spending

DIRECT CONTRIBUTION

The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP reflects the ‘internal’ spending on Travel & Tourism (total spending within a particular
country on Travel & Tourism by residents and non-residents for business and leisure purposes) as well as government 'individual' spending -
spending by government on Travel & Tourism services directly linked to visitors, such as cultural (eg museums) or recreational (eg national parks).

The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is calculated to be consistent with the output, as expressed in National Accounting,
of tourism-characteristic sectors such as hotels, airlines, airports, travel agents and leisure and recreation services that deal directly with
tourists. The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is calculated from total internal spending by ‘netting out’ the purchases made
by the different tourism sectors. This measure is consistent with the definition of Tourism GDP, specified in the 2008 Tourism Satellite
Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA: RMF 2008).

The total contribution of Travel & Tourism includes its ‘wider impacts’ (ie the indirect and induced impacts) on the economy. The ‘indirect’
contribution includes the GDP and jobs supported by:

● Travel & Tourism investment spending – an important aspect of both current and future activity that includes investment activity
such as the purchase of new aircraft and construction of new hotels;

● Government 'collective' spending, which helps Travel & Tourism activity in many different ways as it is made on behalf of the
‘community at large’ – eg tourism marketing and promotion, aviation, administration, security services, resort area security services, resort
area sanitation services, etc;

● Domestic purchases of goods and services by the sectors dealing directly with tourists – including, for example, purchases of food and
cleaning services by hotels, of fuel and catering services by airlines, and IT services by travel agents.

The ‘induced’ contribution measures the GDP and jobs supported by the spending of those who are directly or indirectly employed by the
Travel & Tourism industry.
PLEASE NOTE THAT DUE TO CHANGES IN METHODOLOGY BETWEEN 2010 AND 2011, IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO COMPARE FIGURES PUBLISHED BY WTTC FROM 2011 ONWARDS
WITH THE SERIES PUBLISHED IN PREVIOUS YEARS.

2 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


TRAVEL & TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION
TO GDP1
The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP in 2017 was IDR259,583.0bn (1.9% of GDP). This is forecast to rise by 5.2% to IDR273,159.0bn in 2018.
This primarily reflects the economic activity generated by industries such as hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation
services (excluding commuter services). But it also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by
tourists.

The direct contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP is expected to grow by 6.1% pa to IDR494,021.0bn (2.1% of GDP) by 2028.

INDONESIA: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP

CONSTANT 2017 IDRBN % OF WHOLE ECONOMY GDP


600,000 2.5

500,000
2.0

400,000
1.5
300,000
1.0
200,000

0.5
100,000

0 0.0

2028
2009

2009
2008

2008
2028
2012
2013
2014

2016

2012

2014

2016
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018

2010

2011

2015

2017

2018
2013
2028

The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced income impacts, see
page 2) was IDR787,100.0bn in 2017 (5.8% of GDP) and is expected to grow by 5.4% to IDR829,930.0bn (5.8% of GDP) in 2018.

It is forecast to rise by 6.4% pa to IDR1,547,440.0bn by 2028 (6.6% of GDP).

INDONESIA:TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO GDP


CONSTANT 2017 IDRBN % OF WHOLE ECONOMY GDP

1,800,000 7.0

1,600,000
6.0
1,400,000
5.0
1,200,000
1,000,000 4.0

800,000 3.0
600,000
2.0
400,000
1.0
200,000
0 0.0
2017 2018 2028
2028
2028 2017 2018 2028

Direct Indirect Induced Direct Indirect Induced

1
All values are in constant 2017 prices & exchange rates

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 3


TRAVEL & TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION
TO EMPLOYMENT

Travel & Tourism generated 4,585,000 jobs directly in 2017 (3.7% of total employment) and this is forecast to grow by 1.8% in 2018 to 4,668,000
(3.7% of total employment). This includes employment by hotels, travel agents, airlines and other passenger transportation services
(excluding commuter services). It also includes, for example, the activities of the restaurant and leisure industries directly supported by tourists.

By 2028, Travel & Tourism will account for 6,258,000 jobs directly, an increase of 3.0% pa over the next ten years.

INDONESIA: DIRECT CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO EMPLOYMENT

'000 JOBS % OF WHOLE ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT


7,000.0 4.5

4.0
6,000.0
3.5
5,000.0
3.0
4,000.0 2.5

3,000.0 2.0

1.5
2,000.0
1.0
1,000.0
0.5

0.0 0.0
2009
2008

2028
2012

2014

2016
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018
2013
2008
2009
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018

2028
2012
2013
2014

2016

2028

2028
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to employment (including wider effects from investment, the supply chain and induced
income impacts, see page 2) was 12,241,500 jobs in 2017 (10.0% of total employment). This is forecast to rise by 2.0% in 2018 to 12,486,500 jobs
(10.0% of total employment).

By 2028, Travel & Tourism is forecast to support 16,985,000 jobs (11.4% of total employment), an increase of 3.1% pa over the period.

INDONESIA:TOTAL CONTRIBUTION OF TRAVEL & TOURISM TO EMPLOYMENT


'000 JOBS % OF WHOLE ECONOMY EMPLOYMENT
18,000.0 14.0
16,000.0
12.0
14,000.0
10.0
12,000.0

10,000.0 8.0

8,000.0
6.0
6,000.0
4.0
4,000.0

2,000.0 2.0

0.0 0.0
2017 2018 2028 2017 2018 2028
2028
Direct Indirect Induced Direct Indirect Induced

4 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


VISITOR EXPORTS AND INVESTMENT1

VISITOR EXPORTS
Visitor exports are a key component of the direct contribution of Travel & Tourism. In 2017, Indonesia generated
IDR192,608.0bn in visitor exports. In 2018, this is expected to grow by 3.8%, and the country is expected to attract 14,467,000 international
tourist arrivals.

By 2028, international tourist arrivals are forecast to total 24,387,000, generating expenditure of IDR372,088.0bn, an increase of 6.4% pa.

INDONESIA:VISITOR EXPORTS AND INTERNATIONAL TOURIST ARRIVALS

CONSTANT 2017 IDRBN mn FOREIGN VISITOR EXPORTS AS % OF TOTAL EXPORTS


400,000 30 10.0

350,000 9.0
25
8.0
300,000
20 7.0
250,000
6.0
200,000 15
5.0
150,000
10 4.0
100,000
3.0
5
50,000
2.0
0 0
1.0
2008
2009

2011

2015

2017
2018

2028
2012
2013
2014

2016
2010

2028

0.0
2009
2008

2028
2012

2014

2016
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018
2013

2028
FOREIGN VISITOR EXPORTS (LHS)
FOREIGN TOURIST ARRIVALS (RHS)

INVESTMENT
Travel & Tourism is expected to have attracted capital investment of IDR160,864.0bn in 2017. This is expected to rise by 6.6% in 2018, and rise
by 6.2% pa over the next ten years to IDR311,887.0bn in 2028.

Travel & Tourism’s share of total national investment will rise from 3.7% in 2018 to 4.0% in 2028.

INDONESIA:CAPITAL INVESTMENT IN TRAVEL & TOURISM


CONSTANT 2017 IDRBN % OF WHOLE ECONOMY INVESTMENT
350,000 4.5

4.0
300,000
3.5
250,000
3.0

200,000 2.5

150,000 2.0

1.5
100,000
1.0
50,000
0.5

0 0.0
2009
2008

2028
2012

2014

2016
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018
2013

2008
2009

2016
2010
2011

2015

2017
2018

2028
2012
2013
2014
2028

2028

1
All values are in constant 2017 prices & exchange rates

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 5


DIFFERENT COMPONENTS OF
TRAVEL & TOURISM1
INDONESIA
TRAVEL & TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP:
BUSINESS VS LEISURE, 2017 Leisure travel spending (inbound and domestic)
generated 75.2% of direct Travel & Tourism GDP in
Leisure 2017 (IDR351,107.0bn) compared with 24.8% for
spending business travel spending (IDR115,695.0bn).
75.2%
Leisure travel spending is expected to grow by 5.1% in
Business 2018 to IDR368,925.0bn, and rise by 5.4% pa to
spending IDR625,023.0bn in 2028.
24.8%
Business travel spending is expected to grow by 5.8%
in 2018 to IDR122,438.0bn, and rise by 7.1% pa to
IDR244,163.0bn in 2028.

INDONESIA
TRAVEL & TOURISM'S CONTRIBUTION TO GDP:
DOMESTIC VS FOREIGN, 2017 Domestic travel spending generated 58.7% of direct
Travel & Tourism GDP in 2017 compared with 41.3%
Foreign visitor
for visitor exports (ie foreign visitor spending or
spending
international tourism receipts).
41.3%
Domestic
Domestic travel spending is expected to grow by
spending
6.3% in 2018 to IDR291,418.0bn, and rise by 5.5% pa to
58.7% IDR497,097.0bn in 2028.

Visitor exports are expected to grow by 3.8% in 2018


to IDR199,945.0bn, and rise by 6.4% pa to
IDR372,088.0bn in 2028.

INDONESIA
BREAKDOWN OF TRAVEL & TOURISM'S
TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GDP, 2017 The Travel & Tourism industry contributes to GDP
Direct and employment in many ways as detailed on page 2.
33.0%
Induced

21.9%
The total contribution of Travel & Tourism to GDP
Indirect
a
is three times greater than its direct contribution.
45.1%
Indirect is the
sum of:
(a) Supply chain
20.9%
b
(b) Investment
12.1% c
(c) Government
collective
12.0%
1
All values are in constant 2017 prices & exchange rates

6 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


COUNTRY RANKINGS:
ABSOLUTE CONTRIBUTION,2017

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2017 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2017
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP (US$bn) CONTRIBUTION TO GDP (US$bn)
2 China 402.3 2 China 1349.3
8 India 91.3 7 India 234.0
12 Thailand 42.2 12 Australia 151.4
13 Australia 41.7 15 Thailand 95.0
16 Philippines 27.3 18 Philippines 66.3
World Average 21.5 World Average 62.9
22 Indonesia 19.4 23 Indonesia 58.9
27 Malaysia 15.2 28 Malaysia 41.9
Southeast Asia Average 13.6 Southeast Asia Average 33.0
33 Vietnam 13.0 47 Vietnam 20.6
59 Sri Lanka 4.5 62 Sri Lanka 9.9
65 Cambodia 3.1 72 Cambodia 7.2

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2017 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2017
CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT '000 jobs CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT '000 jobs
1 China 28250.0 1 China 79900.0
2 India 26148.1 2 India 41622.5
4 Indonesia 4585.1 4 Indonesia 12241.6
7 Vietnam 2467.6 6 Philippines 7796.6
8 Philippines 2348.2 9 Thailand 5834.0
10 Thailand 2336.6 11 Vietnam 4060.9
Southeast Asia Average 1445.7 Southeast Asia Average 3630.9
16 Cambodia 1191.2 19 Cambodia 2663.5
World Average 937.5 World Average 2341.0
25 Malaysia 669.8 25 Malaysia 1704.5
33 Australia 531.7 30 Australia 1501.6
40 Sri Lanka 404.2 41 Sri Lanka 875.1

2017 2017
TRAVEL & TOURISM INVESTMENT (US$bn) VISITOR EXPORTS (US$bn)
2 China 154.7 2 China 125.3
3 India 41.6 4 Thailand 59.6
12 Australia 18.0 14 India 27.3
16 Indonesia 12.0 15 Australia 23.4
20 Thailand 7.7 23 Malaysia 18.5
29 Malaysia 5.3 27 Indonesia 14.4
30 Vietnam 5.1 Southeast Asia Average 13.6
Southeast Asia Average 4.9 38 Vietnam 8.8
World Average 4.8 World Average 8.1
54 Philippines 1.9 44 Philippines 7.5
69 Sri Lanka 0.9 56 Sri Lanka 4.7
74 Cambodia 0.8 62 Cambodia 4.0

The tables on pages 7-10 provide provide brief extracts from the full WTTC Country League Table Rankings, highlighting comparisons with
competing destinations as well as with the world and regional average. Averages in above tables are simple cross-country averages.
The competing destinations selected are those that offer a similar tourism product and compete for tourists from the same set of origin markets.
These tend to be, but are not exclusively, geographical neighbours.

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 7


COUNTRY RANKINGS:
RELATIVE CONTRIBUTION, 2017

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2017 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2017
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % share CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % share
15 Cambodia 14.1 20 Cambodia 32.4
25 Thailand 9.4 34 Thailand 21.2
27 Philippines 8.7 35 Philippines 21.1
51 Vietnam 5.9 63 Malaysia 13.4
58 Sri Lanka 5.3 Southeast Asia 12.0
Southeast Asia 4.9 69 Sri Lanka 11.6
64 Malaysia 4.8 75 China 11.0
91 India 3.7 76 Australia 11.0
102 China 3.3 World 10.4
World 3.2 99 India 9.4
112 Australia 3.0 100 Vietnam 9.4
158 Indonesia 1.9 152 Indonesia 5.8

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2017 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2017
CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % share CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % share
14 Cambodia 13.6 20 Cambodia 30.4
50 Thailand 6.2 40 Philippines 19.2
52 Philippines 5.8 48 Thailand 15.5
57 Sri Lanka 5.1 66 Australia 12.2
58 India 5.0 Southeast Asia 11.8
Southeast Asia 4.7 69 Malaysia 11.8
68 Malaysia 4.6 76 Sri Lanka 11.0
70 Vietnam 4.6 80 China 10.3
75 Australia 4.3 84 Indonesia 10.0
World 3.8 World 9.9
87 Indonesia 3.7 110 India 8.0
91 China 3.6 116 Vietnam 7.6

TRAVEL & TOURISM CONTRIBUTION 2017 VISITOR EXPORTS 2017


TO TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT % share CONTRIBUTION TO EXPORTS % share
27 Cambodia 15.8 44 Cambodia 28.8
58 Vietnam 8.5 51 Sri Lanka 25.3
73 Thailand 7.3 62 Thailand 19.2
78 Malaysia 6.7 Southeast Asia 8.3
Southeast Asia 6.4 97 Malaysia 8.3
84 India 6.3 99 Philippines 8.0
90 Australia 5.4 101 Australia 7.8
World 4.5 113 Indonesia 7.0
116 Sri Lanka 4.1 World 6.5
127 Indonesia 3.7 122 India 5.8
144 China 3.0 131 China 5.2
163 Philippines 2.4 144 Vietnam 4.0

8 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


COUNTRY RANKINGS:
REAL GROWTH, 2018

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2018 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2018
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % growth CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % growth
9 Thailand 7.8 6 India 7.5
10 India 7.6 9 Thailand 7.4
19 China 6.9 21 China 6.6
22 Vietnam 6.7 31 Vietnam 6.2
34 Philippines 6.2 36 Philippines 5.9
Southeast Asia 5.9 Southeast Asia 5.8
53 Indonesia 5.2 45 Indonesia 5.4
58 Sri Lanka 5.1 56 Sri Lanka 5.1
80 Cambodia 4.2 76 Cambodia 4.5
World 4.0 79 Malaysia 4.3
88 Malaysia 3.9 World 4.0
95 Australia 3.6 116 Australia 3.2

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2018 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2018
CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % growth CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % growth
5 Philippines 6.6 9 Philippines 6.2
21 Thailand 5.2 14 Thailand 5.5
38 Cambodia 4.2 Southeast Asia 3.3
49 Sri Lanka 3.7 66 China 3.2
Southeast Asia 3.3 70 India 3.1
75 India 2.8 World 3.0
World 2.4 82 Sri Lanka 2.6
99 Australia 2.1 92 Cambodia 2.5
105 Vietnam 1.9 102 Indonesia 2.0
108 Indonesia 1.8 108 Australia 1.7
123 China 1.5 117 Malaysia 1.5
132 Malaysia 1 123 Vietnam 1

2018 2018
TRAVEL & TOURISM INVESTMENT % growth VISITOR EXPORTS % growth
30 Vietnam 7.0 10 Thailand 8.9
34 India 6.7 11 India 8.8
35 Indonesia 6.6 40 Vietnam 6.7
48 Cambodia 6.5 Southeast Asia 6.0
53 China 6.2 69 Sri Lanka 5.1
Southeast Asia 5.4 93 Australia 4.0
78 Thailand 5.2 World 3.9
World 4.8 103 Indonesia 3.8
90 Philippines 4.5 115 Philippines 3.4
102 Sri Lanka 4.3 119 Cambodia 3.2
113 Malaysia 3.9 124 Malaysia 3.1
164 Australia 1.2 170 China 0.5

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 9


COUNTRY RANKINGS:
LONG TERM GROWTH, 2018 - 2028

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2018 - 2028 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2018 - 2028
CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % growth pa CONTRIBUTION TO GDP % growth pa

3 India 7.1 4 India 6.9


5 China 6.7 6 China 6.6
10 Indonesia 6.1 7 Indonesia 6.4
12 Vietnam 6.0 10 Vietnam 6.1
19 Cambodia 5.9 12 Cambodia 6.0
24 Thailand 5.7 19 Philippines 5.8
25 Sri Lanka 5.7 27 Thailand 5.6
26 Philippines 5.7 Southeast Asia 5.5
Southeast Asia 5.5 33 Sri Lanka 5.5
75 Malaysia 4.4 69 Malaysia 4.6
World 3.8 World 3.8
158 Australia 2.6 158 Australia 2.6

TRAVEL & TOURISM'S DIRECT 2018 - 2028 TRAVEL & TOURISM'S TOTAL 2018 - 2028
CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % growth pa CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT % growth pa

11 Cambodia 4.1 18 China 3.5


14 Thailand 4.0 23 Thailand 3.4
39 Malaysia 3.1 32 Malaysia 3.1
Southeast Asia 3.0 35 Indonesia 3.1
51 Indonesia 3.0 45 Cambodia 2.9
81 Philippines 2.6 Southeast Asia 2.8
96 Sri Lanka 2.2 World 2.5
World 2.2 75 Philippines 2.4
99 India 2.1 98 India 2.0
120 China 1.8 123 Vietnam 1.5
138 Australia 1.5 133 Sri Lanka 1.5
142 Vietnam 1.5 141 Australia 1.3

TRAVEL & TOURISM CONTRIBUTION 2018 - 2028 VISITOR EXPORTS 2018 - 2028
TO TOTAL CAPITAL INVESTMENT % growth pa CONTRIBUTION TO TOTAL EXPORTS % growth pa

4 India 6.7 7 Sri Lanka 6.6


8 China 6.5 13 Indonesia 6.4
12 Cambodia 6.4 15 Vietnam 6.4
18 Indonesia 6.2 20 Thailand 6.2
36 Thailand 5.5 42 India 5.5
Southeast Asia 5.4 49 Philippines 5.4
47 Philippines 5.2 Southeast Asia 5.4
54 Vietnam 5.0 58 Cambodia 5.2
57 Malaysia 4.9 World 4.1
World 4.3 115 Malaysia 4.1
132 Sri Lanka 3.1 153 Australia 3.1
158 Australia 2.3 183 China 1.9

10 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


SUMMARY TABLES:
ESTIMATES & FORECASTS
2017 2017 2018 2028
11 2 1 3
INDONESIA USDbn % of total Growth USDbn % of total Growth
Direct contribution to GDP 19.4 1.9 5.2 37.0 2.1 6.1
Total contribution to GDP 58.9 5.8 5.4 115.8 6.6 6.4
4
Direct contribution to employment 4,585 3.7 1.8 6,258 4.2 3.0
4
Total contribution to employment 12,242 10.0 2.0 16,985 11.4 3.1
Visitor exports 14.4 7.0 3.8 27.8 9.3 6.4
Domestic spending 20.5 2.0 6.3 37.2 2.1 5.5
Leisure spending 26.3 1.4 5.1 46.8 1.4 5.4
Business spending 8.7 0.5 5.8 18.3 0.6 7.1
Capital investment 12.0 3.7 6.6 23.3 4.0 6.2
1 2 3 4
2017constant prices & exchange rates; 2018 real growth adjusted for inflation (%); 2018-2028 annualised real growth adjusted for inflation (%); '000 jobs

2017 2017 2018 2028


SOUTHEAST ASIA USDbn1 % of total Growth2 USDbn 1 % of total Growth3
Direct contribution to GDP 135.8 4.9 5.9 245.5 5.2 5.5
Total contribution to GDP 329.5 12.0 5.8 598.3 13.0 5.5
4
Direct contribution to employment 14,457 4.7 3.3 20,037 5.6 3.0
4
Total contribution to employment 36,309 11.8 3.3 49,516 13.7 2.8
Visitor exports 135.6 8.3 6.0 243.2 9.5 5.4
Domestic spending 119.3 4.3 5.9 207.8 4.8 5.1
Leisure spending 184.9 3.6 6.5 335.5 3.8 5.5
Business spending 70.0 1.3 4.6 115.5 1.3 4.7
Capital investment 48.8 6.4 5.4 86.8 6.4 5.4
1
2017constant prices & exchange rates; 22018 real growth adjusted for inflation (%); 32018-2028 annualised real growth adjusted for inflation (%); 4'000 jobs

2017 2017 2018 2028


1 2
WORLDWIDE USDbn % of total Growth USDbn 1
% of total Growth3
Direct contribution to GDP 2,570.1 3.2 4.0 3,890.0 3.6 3.8
Total contribution to GDP 8,272.3 10.4 4.0 12,450.1 11.7 3.8
4
Direct contribution to employment 118,454 3.8 2.4 150,139 4.2 2.2
4
Total contribution to employment 313,221 9.9 3.0 413,556 11.6 2.5
Visitor exports 1,494.2 6.5 3.9 2,311.4 6.9 4.1
Domestic spending 3,970.5 5.0 4.1 6,051.5 5.8 3.9
Leisure spending 4,233.3 2.5 4.1 6,605.3 2.8 4.1
Business spending 1,230.6 0.7 3.8 1,756.1 0.8 3.2
Capital investment 882.4 4.5 4.8 1,408.3 5.1 4.3
1
2017constant prices & exchange rates; 22018 real growth adjusted for inflation (%); 32018-2028 annualised real growth adjusted for inflation (%); 4'000 jobs

% of total refers to each indicator's share of the relevant whole economy indicator such as GDP and employment. Visitor exports is shown relative to total exports of goods and services.
Domestic spending is expressed relative to whole economy GDP. For leisure and business spending, their direct contribution to Travel & Tourism GDP is calculated as a share of
whole economy GDP (the sum of these shares equals the direct contribution). Investment is relative to whole economy investment.

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 11


THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF
TRAVEL & TOURISM: REAL 2017 PRICES
INDONESIA

(IDRbn, real 2017 prices) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018E 2028F

1. Visitor exports 108,578 125,241 151,527 171,854 174,148 192,608 199,945 372,088

Domestic expenditure
2. 219,479 215,213 244,660 244,239 259,696 274,193 291,418 497,097
(includes government individual spending)

3. Internal tourism consumption


328,057 340,454 396,187 416,093 433,844 466,801 491,363 869,185
(= 1 + 2 )

4. Purchases by tourism providers,


including imported goods -143,688 -150,421 -175,581 -184,636 -192,892 -207,218 -218,204 -375,164
(supply chain)
5. Direct contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP 184,369 190,033 220,606 231,457 240,952 259,583 273,159 494,021
(= 3 + 4)

Other final impacts


(indirect & induced) 124,050 127,862 148,433 155,734 162,122 174,658 183,792 332,397
6 Domestic supply chain

7. Capital investment 134,793 142,085 150,320 156,481 155,239 160,864 171,509 311,887

8. Government collective spending 78,182 85,320 89,072 97,071 99,151 100,443 105,483 184,566

Imported goods from indirect


9. -53,372 -57,896 -70,597 -78,136 -80,174 -80,893 -85,081 -121,165
spending

10. Induced 125,405 130,703 144,732 155,651 162,706 172,445 181,068 345,734

11. Total contribution of


Travel & Tourism to GDP 593,427 618,107 682,566 718,258 739,996 787,100 829,930 1,547,440
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)

Employment impacts ('000)

12. Direct contribution of Travel & 3,201.3 3,262.7 3,785.7 4,140.2 4,363.4 4,585.1 4,668.2 6,257.6
Tourism to employment

Total contribution of Travel &


13. 9,351.8 9,600.0 10,541 11,400 11,800 12,242 12,487 16,985
Tourism to employment

Other indicators
89,036 109,669 118,029 117,725 114,596 123,243 135,114 272,938
14. Expenditure on outbound travel

12 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF
TRAVEL & TOURISM: NOMINAL PRICES
INDONESIA

(IDRbn, nominal prices) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018E 2028F

1. Visitor exports 88,340 106,917 136,423 160,957 167,101 192,608 207,423 570,901

Domestic expenditure
2. 178,570 183,725 220,274 228,751 249,187 274,193 302,317 762,704
(includes government individual spending)

3. Internal tourism consumption


266,910 290,642 356,697 389,708 416,288 466,801 509,740 1,333,605
(= 1 + 2 )

4. Purchases by tourism providers,


including imported goods -116,906 -128,412 -158,080 -172,928 -185,087 -207,218 -226,365 -575,621
(supply chain)

5. Direct contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP 150,004 162,230 198,617 216,780 231,201 259,583 283,375 757,984
(= 3 + 4)

Other final impacts


(indirect & induced) 100,928 109,155 133,638 145,858 155,561 174,658 190,666 510,002
6. Domestic supply chain

7. Capital investment 109,668 121,297 135,337 146,558 148,957 160,864 177,924 478,533

8. Government collective spending 63,609 72,837 80,194 90,915 95,139 100,443 109,428 283,183

Imported goods from indirect


9. -43,422 -49,426 -63,561 -73,180 -76,930 -80,893 -88,264 -185,898
spending

10. Induced 102,030 111,580 130,306 145,781 156,122 172,445 187,840 530,464

11. Total contribution of


Travel & Tourism to GDP 482,817 527,672 614,531 672,712 710,050 787,100 860,969 2,374,270
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)

Employment impacts ('000)

12. Direct contribution of Travel & 3,201.3 3,262.7 3,785.7 4,140.2 4,363.4 4,585.1 4,668.2 6,257.6
Tourism to employment

Total contribution of Travel &


13. 9,351.8 9,600.0 10,541 11,400 11,800 12,242 12,487 16,985
Tourism to employment

Other indicators
72,441 93,623 106,265 110,260 109,959 123,243 140,168 418,774
14. Expenditure on outbound travel

*Concepts shown in this table align with the standard table totals as described in the 2008 Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological
Framework (TSA: RMF 2008) developed by the United Nations Statistical Division (UNSD), the Statistical Office of the European Communities (EUROSTAT),
the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and the World Tourism Organization (UNWTO).

Historical data for concepts has been benchmarked to match reported TSA data where available.

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 13


THE ECONOMIC CONTRIBUTION OF
TRAVEL & TOURISM: GROWTH
INDONESIA
Growth1 (%) 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018E 2028F 2

1. Visitor exports 7.7 15.3 21.0 13.4 1.3 10.6 3.8 6.4

Domestic expenditure
2. 3.5 -1.9 13.7 -0.2 6.3 5.6 6.3 5.5
(includes government individual spending)

3. Internal tourism consumption


4.9 3.8 16.4 5.0 4.3 7.6 5.3 5.9
(= 1 + 2 )

4. Purchases by tourism providers,


including imported goods 5.8 4.7 16.7 5.2 4.5 7.4 5.3 5.6
(supply chain)

5. Direct contribution of
Travel & Tourism to GDP 4.1 3.1 16.1 4.9 4.1 7.7 5.2 6.1
(= 3 + 4)

Other final impacts


(indirect & induced) 4.1 3.1 16.1 4.9 4.1 7.7 5.2 6.1
6. Domestic supply chain

7. Capital investment 10.4 5.4 5.8 4.1 -0.8 3.6 6.6 6.2

8. Government collective spending 8.7 9.1 4.4 9.0 2.1 1.3 5.0 5.8

Imported goods from indirect


9. 23.0 8.5 21.9 10.7 2.6 0.9 5.2 3.6
spending

10. Induced 3.0 4.2 10.7 7.5 4.5 6.0 5.0 6.7

11. Total contribution of


Travel & Tourism to GDP 4.4 4.2 10.4 5.2 3.0 6.4 5.4 6.4
(= 5 + 6 + 7 + 8 + 9 + 10)

Employment impacts ('000)

12. Direct contribution of Travel & 2.5 1.9 16.0 9.4 5.4 5.1 1.8 3.0
Tourism to employment

Total contribution of Travel &


13. 2.6 2.7 9.8 8.2 3.5 3.7 2.0 3.1
Tourism to employment

Other indicators
8.8 23.2 7.6 -0.3 -2.7 7.5 9.6 7.3
14. Expenditure on outbound travel

1 2
2012-2017 real annual growth adjusted for inflation (%); 2018-2028 annualised real growth adjusted for inflation (%)

14 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


GLOSSARY
KEY DEFINITIONS
TRAVEL & TOURISM INTERNAL TOURISM CONSUMPTION
Relates to the activity of travellers on trips outside their Total revenue generated within a country by industries that deal
usual environment with a duration of less than one year. directly with tourists including visitor exports, domestic spending
Economic activity related to all aspects of such trips is and government individual spending. This does not include
measured within the research. spending abroad by residents. This is consistent with total internal
tourism expenditure in table 4 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO GDP
GDP generated by industries that deal directly with BUSINESS TRAVEL & TOURISM SPENDING
tourists, including hotels, travel agents, airlines and other Spending on business travel within a country by residents and
passenger transport services, as well as the activities of international visitors.
restaurant and leisure industries that deal directly with
tourists. It is equivalent to total internal Travel & Tourism LEISURE TRAVEL & TOURISM SPENDING
spending (see below) within a country less the purchases Spending on leisure travel within a country by residents and
made by those industries (including imports). In terms international visitors.
of the UN’s Tourism Satellite Account methodology it is
consistent with total GDP calculated in table 6 of the TSA: INDIRECT AND INDUCED IMPACTS
RMF 2008.
INDIRECT CONTRIBUTION
DIRECT CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT The contribution to GDP and jobs of the following three factors:
The number of direct jobs within Travel & Tourism. This is
consistent with total employment calculated in table 7 of • CAPITAL INVESTMENT: Includes capital investment
the TSA: RMF 2008. spending by all industries directly involved in Travel &
Tourism. This also constitutes investment spending by other
TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO GDP industries on specific tourism assets such as new visitor
GDP generated directly by the Travel & Tourism sector plus accommodation and passenger transport equipment, as
its indirect and induced impacts (see below). well as restaurants and leisure facilities for specific tourism
use. This is consistent with total tourism gross fixed capital
TOTAL CONTRIBUTION TO EMPLOYMENT formation in table 8 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
The number of jobs generated directly in the Travel
& Tourism sector plus the indirect and induced • GOVERNMENT COLLECTIVE SPENDING: Government
contributions (see below). spending in support of general tourism activity. This can
include national as well as regional and local government
DIRECT SPENDING IMPACTS spending. For example, it includes tourism promotion, visitor
information services, administrative services and other public
VISITOR EXPORTS services. This is consistent with total collective tourism
Spending within the country by international tourists consumption in table 9 of TSA: RMF 2008.
for both business and leisure trips, including spending
on transport, but excluding international spending on • SUPPLY-CHAIN EFFECTS: Purchases of domestic goods
education. This is consistent with total inbound tourism and services directly by different industries within Travel &
expenditure in table 1 of the TSA: RMF 2008. Tourism as inputs to their final tourism output.

DOMESTIC TRAVEL & TOURISM SPENDING INDUCED CONTRIBUTION


Spending within a country by that country’s residents for The broader contribution to GDP and employment of spending by
both business and leisure trips. Multi-use consumer durables those who are directly or indirectly employed by Travel & Tourism.
are not included since they are not purchased solely for
tourism purposes. This is consistent with total domestic OTHER INDICATORS
tourism expenditure in table 2 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
Outbound spending by residents abroad is not included OUTBOUND EXPENDITURE
here, but is separately identified according to the TSA: RMF Spending outside the country by residents on all trips abroad.
2008 (see below). This is fully aligned with total outbound tourism expenditure in
table 3 of the TSA: RMF 2008.
GOVERNMENT INDIVIDUAL SPENDING
Spending by government on Travel & Tourism services FOREIGN VISITOR ARRIVALS
directly linked to visitors, such as cultural services (eg The number of arrivals of foreign visitors, including same-day and
museums) or recreational services (eg national parks). overnight visitors (tourists) to the country.

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 15


METHODOLOGICAL NOTE
WTTC has an on-going commitment to align its economic impact research with the UN Statistics Division-approved 2008 Tourism Satellite
Account: Recommended Methodological Framework (TSA:RMF 2008). This involves the benchmarking of country reports to official,
published TSAs, including for countries which are reporting data for the first time, as well as existing countries reporting an additional
year’s data. New country TSAs incorporated this year include Bulgaria, Hungary, Portugal and Vietnam, bringing our total of countries in our
benchmarking dataset to 58. Furthermore, we have sourced updated TSAs for 26 countries.

WTTC coverage includes data on 185 countries and reports on 25 other regions, sub-regions and economic and geographic groups. This
year, there are 10 reports for special economic and geographic groups.

ECONOMIC AND GEOGRAPHIC GROUPS

APEC (ASIA-PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION) (OIC) ORGANISATION FOR ISLAMIC COOPERATION**


Australia, Brunei, Canada, Chile, China, Hong Kong, Indonesia, Japan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei
South Korea, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Papua New Guinea, Darussalam, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Egypt,
Peru, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, Taiwan, Thailand, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guyana, Indonesia, Iran, Iraq, Ivory
USA, Vietnam. Coast, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya,
Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria,
FORMER NETHERLANDS ANTILLES Oman, Pakistan, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Sudan,
Bonaire, Curacao, Sint Maarten, Saba and Sint Eustatius. Suriname, Syria, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, UAE, Uganda,
Uzbekistan, Yemen.
G20
Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, European Union, OTHER OCEANIA
France*, Germany*, India, Indonesia, Italy*, Japan, Mexico, Russian American Samoa, Cook Islands, French Polynesia, Guam, Marshall
Federation, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey, UK*, Islands, Micronesia (Federated States of), New Caledonia, Niue,
USA. Northern Mariana Islands, Palau, Samoa, Tuvalu.

GCC (GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL) PACIFIC ALLIANCE


Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE. Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru.

OAS (ORGANIZATION OF AMERICAN STATES) SADC (SOUTHERN AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT COMMUNITY)


Argentina, Antigua and Barbuda, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Angola, Botswana, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Lesotho,
Brazil, Canada, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominican Madagascar, Malawi, Mauritius, Mozambique, Namibia, Seychelles,
Republic, Dominica, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, South Africa, Swaziland, Tanzania, Zambia, Zimbabwe.
Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, St Kitts and Nevis,
Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, St Lucia, St Vincent and the
Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, USA, Uruguay.

OECD (ORGANISATION FOR ECONOMIC CO-OPERATION AND


DEVELOPMENT)
Australia, Austria, Belgium, Canada, Chile, Czech Republic, Denmark,
Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland,
Israel, Italy, Japan, South Korea, Luxembourg, Mexico, Netherlands,
New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Slovenia,
Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, UK, USA.

* included in European Union


** no data for Afghanistan, Djibouti, Guinea-Bissau, Mauritania, Palestine, Somalia or Turkmenistan

16 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


ECONOMIC IMPACT REPORTS
REGIONS, SUB REGIONS &COUNTRIES
WORLD

SUB-REGION
SUB REGION

SUB REGION

SUB REGION
REGION

REGION
REGION

REGION
COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY COUNTRY

Algeria Anguilla China Hungary


NORTH AFRICA

Egypt Antigua and Barbuda Hong Kong Ireland

NORTHEAST ASIA
Libya Aruba Japan Italy
Morocco Bahamas South Korea
Latvia
Tunisia Macau
Barbados Lithuania
Angola Mongolia
Bermuda Luxembourg
Taiwan

EUROPEAN UNION
Benin
British Virgin Islands Malta
Kazakhstan

CENTRAL ASIA
Botswana
Cayman Islands Netherlands
Burkina Faso Kyrgyzstan
Cuba Poland
Burundi Tajikistan
Dominica Portugal
Cameroon Uzbekistan
CARIBBEAN

Dominican Republic Romania


Australia
Cape Verde
Former Netherland Antillies Fiji Slovakia
Central African Republic
Grenada Kiribati Slovenia
Chad
Guadeloupe New Zealand Spain
OCEANIA

Comoros
Haiti Papua New Guinea Sweden
Congo

EUROPE
ASIA-PACIFIC

Jamaica Solomon Islands UK


Cote d'Ivoire
Martinique Tonga Albania
Democratic Republic of Congo
Puerto Rico Vanuatu Armenia
Ethiopia
Other Oceanic States
Gabon St Kitts and Nevis Azerbaijan
Bangladesh
Gambia St Lucia Belarus
India
SOUTH ASIA

Ghana St Vincent and the Grenadines Bosnia and Herzegovina


Maldives
AMERICAS

Guinea Trinidad and Tobago Georgia


AFRICA

Nepal
Kenya US Virgin Islands Iceland
OTHER EUROPE

Pakistan
Lesotho
SUB-SAHARAN

Argentina Macedonia
Sri Lanka
Madagascar Belize Moldova
Brunei Darussalam
Malawi Bolivia Montenegro
Cambodia
Mali
SOUTHEAST ASIA (ASEAN)

Brazil Indonesia Norway


Mauritius
Chile Laos Russian Federation
Mozambique
Colombia Malaysia Serbia
Namibia
Costa Rica Myanmar Switzerland
Niger
Ecuador Philippines Turkey
LATIN AMERICA

Nigeria
El Salvador Singapore Ukraine
Reunion
Guatemala Thailand Bahrain
Rwanda
Vietnam
Guyana Iran
Sao Tome and Principe Austria
Honduras Iraq
Senegal Belgium
Nicaragua Israel
Seychelles Bulgaria
Panama Jordan
Sierra Leone
MIDDLE EAST

Croatia
Paraguay
EUROPEAN UNION

Kuwait
South Africa Cyprus
EUROPE

Peru Lebanon
Sudan and South Sudan Czech Republic
Swaziland Suriname Oman
Denmark
Tanzania Uruguay Qatar
Estonia
Togo Venezuela Finland Saudi Arabia

Uganda Canada France Syria


AMERICA
NORTH

Zambia Mexico Germany United Arab Emirates

Zimbabwe USA Greece Yemen

TRAVEL & TOURISM ECONOMIC IMPACT 2018 | 17


The World Travel & Tourism Council is the global authority on the economic and social contribution of
Travel & Tourism.

WTTC promotes sustainable growth for the Travel & Tourism sector, working with governments and international institutions to create jobs, to
drive exports and to generate prosperity. Council Members are the Chairs, Presidents and Chief Executives of the world’s leading private sector
Travel & Tourism businesses.

Together with Oxford Economics, WTTC produces annual research that shows Travel & Tourism to be one of the world’s largest sectors,
supporting over 307 million jobs and generating 10.4% of global GDP in 2017. Comprehensive reports quantify, compare and forecast the
economic impact of Travel & Tourism on 185 economies around the world. In addition to the individual country reports, WTTC produces a
world report highlighting global trends and 24 further reports that focus on regions, sub-regions and economic and geographic groups.

To download reports or data, please visit www.wttc.org

Assisting WTTC to Provide Tools for Analysis, Benchmarking, Forecasting and Planning.

Oxford Economics is a leader in global forecasting and quantitative analysis. Our worldwide client base comprises more than 1,500 international
corporations, financial institutions, government organisations, and universities. Headquartered in Oxford, with offices around the world, we
employ 300 people, including 200 economists and analysts. Our best-of-class global economic and industry models and analytical tools give us
an unmatched ability to forecast external market trends and assess their economic, social and business impact.

For more information, visit www.oxfordeconomics.com

Contributing data to the WTTC Economic Impact Model

STR is the source for premium hotel data benchmarking, analytics and marketplace insights. STR provides data that is reliable, confidential,
accurate and actionable, and their comprehensive solutions empower clients to strategize and compete within their markets. The company’s
range of products includes data-driven solutions, thorough analytics and unrivalled marketplace insights, all built to fuel business growth and
help clients make better operational and financial decisions. STR maintains a presence in 15 countries and collects data for over 59,000 hotels
across 180 countries.

ForwardKeys analyses more than 17m flight booking transactions a day, drawing data from all the major global air reservation systems and
selected airlines and tour operators. This information is enhanced with further independent data sets, including flight search and official
government statistics, plus data science to paint a picture of who is travelling where and when. ForwardKeys’ analytics are used by traveller-
focussed businesses worldwide to monitor and anticipate traveller arrivals from a particular origin market at a specific time. This analysis
enables parties to anticipate the impact of events, better manage their staffing levels, fine tune supply requirements, adjust and measure the
effectiveness of their marketing efforts and anticipate future market trends.

18 | WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL


© World Travel & Tourism Council: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2018 - March 2018. All rights reserved.

The copyright laws of the United Kingdom allow certain uses of this content without our (i.e. the copyright owner’s) permission. You are permitted to use limited extracts of this content, provided such use is fair and when such use
is for non-commercial research, private study, review or news reporting. The following acknowledgment must also be used, whenever our content is used relying on this “fair dealing” exception:
“Source: World Travel and Tourism Council: Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2018 - March 2018. All rights reserved.”

If your use of the content would not fall under the “fair dealing” exception described above, you are permitted to use this content in whole or in part for non-commercial or commercial use provided you comply with the Attribution,
Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence. In particular, the content is not amended and the following acknowledgment is used, whenever our content is used:
“Source: World Travel and Tourism Council: Economic Impact 2018 - March 2018. All rights reserved. Licensed under the Attribution, Non-Commercial 4.0 International Creative Commons Licence.”

You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything this license permits.

Inside cover: Lachlan Dempsey, Unsplash


THE AUTHORITY ON WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM
WORLD TRAVEL & TOURISM COUNCIL (WTTC), The Harlequin Building, 65 Southwark Street, London SE1 0HR, United Kingdom
Tel: +44 (0) 207 481 8007 | Email: enquiries@wttc.org | www.wttc.org

Вам также может понравиться