Airbus A380

10/3/2018 Airbus A380 - Wikipedia
Airbus A380
The Airbus A380 is a double-deck, wide-body, four-engine jet airliner manufactured by European manufacturer
A380
Airbus.[6][7] It is the world's largest passenger airliner, and the airports at which it operates have upgraded facilities to
accommodate it. It was initially named Airbus A3XX and designed to challenge Boeing's monopoly in the large-aircraft
market. The A380 made its first flight on 27 April 2005 and entered commercial service on 25 October 2007 with Singapore
Airlines. An improved version, the A380plus, is under development.
The A380's upper deck extends along the entire length of the fuselage; it is narrower than the lower deck but remains
comparable to the width of other wide-body aircraft. This gives the A380-800's cabin 550 square metres (5,920 sq ft) of
usable floor space,[8] 40% more than the next largest airliner, the Boeing 747-8,[9] and provides seating for 525 people in a
typical three-class configuration or up to 853 people in an all-economy class configuration. The A380-800 has a design
range of 8,500 nautical miles (15,700 km), serving the third- and fifth-longest non-stop scheduled flights in the world (as of
November 2017), and a cruising speed of Mach 0.85 (about 900 km/h, 560 mph or 490 kt at cruising altitude).
An A380-800 of Emirates, the largest operator
As of July 2018, Airbus had received 331 firm orders and delivered 229 aircraft; Emirates is the biggest A380 customer with
of the aircraft
162 ordered of which 104 have been delivered.[2]
Role Wide-body, double-deck jet
airliner
National origin Multi-national[1]
Contents Manufacturer Airbus
Development
First flight 27 April 2005
Background
Total development cost Introduction 25 October 2007 with
Production Singapore Airlines
Testing
Status In service
Production and delivery delays
Production rate Primary users Emirates
Entry into service Singapore Airlines
Improvements and upgrades Lufthansa
Post-delivery problems Produced 2005–present
Design
Number built 229 as of 31 July 2018[2]
Overview
Engines Program cost €15 billion (Airbus 2015)[3] to
Wings €25 billion (2016 estimate)[4]
Materials Unit cost US$445.6 million (2018)[5]
Avionics
Systems
Passenger provisions
Integration with infrastructure and regulations
Ground operations
Takeoff and landing separation
Maintenance
Variants
A380F
A380-900
A380neo
A380plus
Market
Size
Frequency and capacity
Production
Cost
Secondary
Teardown
Orders and deliveries
Timeline
Operators
Notable routes
Incidents and accidents
Specifications
See also
References
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Development
Background
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A380 1/21
In mid-1988, Airbus engineers led by Jean Roeder began work in secret on the development of an ultra-high-capacity airliner
(UHCA), both to complete its own range of products and to break the dominance that Boeing had enjoyed in this market segment
since the early 1970s with its 747.[10] McDonnell Douglas unsuccessfully offered its smaller, double-deck MD-12 concept for
sale.[11][12] Roeder was given approval for further evaluations of the UHCA after a formal presentation to the President and CEO in
June 1990. The megaproject was announced at the 1990 Farnborough Airshow, with the stated goal of 15% lower operating costs
than the 747-400.[13] Airbus organised four teams of designers, one from each of its partners (Aérospatiale, British Aerospace,
Deutsche Aerospace AG, CASA) to propose new technologies for its future aircraft designs. The designs were presented in 1992
and the most competitive designs were used.[14]
In January 1993, Boeing and several companies in the Airbus consortium started a joint feasibility study of a Very Large
Commercial Transport (VLCT), aiming to form a partnership to share the limited market.[15][16] This joint study was abandoned
two years later, Boeing's interest having declined because analysts thought that such a product was unlikely to cover the projected
$15 billion development cost. Despite the fact that only two airlines had expressed public interest in purchasing such a plane,
Airbus was already pursuing its own large-plane project. Analysts suggested that Boeing would instead pursue stretching its 747
design, and that air travel was already moving away from the hub-and-spoke system that consolidated traffic into large planes, and
toward more non-stop routes that could be served by smaller planes.[17]
In June 1994, Airbus announced its plan to develop its own very large airliner, designated as A3XX.[18][19] Airbus considered several designs, including an unusual side-by-side
combination of two fuselages from its A340, the largest Airbus jet at the time.[20] The A3XX was pitted against the VLCT study and Boeing's own New Large Aircraft successor to
the 747.[21][22] From 1997 to 2000, as the East Asian financial crisis darkened the market outlook, Airbus refined its design, targeting a 15–20% reduction in operating costs over
the existing Boeing 747–400. The A3XX design converged on a double-decker layout that provided more passenger volume than a traditional single-deck design,[23][24] in line with
traditional hub-and-spoke theory as opposed to the point-to-point theory with the Boeing 777,[25] after conducting an extensive market analysis with over 200 focus groups.[26][27]
Although early marketing of the huge cross-section touted the possibility of duty-free shops, restaurant-like dining, gyms, casinos and beauty parlours on board, the realities of
airline economics have kept such dreams grounded.
On 19 December 2000, the supervisory board of newly restructured Airbus voted to launch an €8.8-billion programme to build the A3XX, re-designated as the A380,[28][29] with 50
firm orders from six launch customers.[30][31] The A380 designation was a break from previous Airbus families, which had progressed sequentially from A300 to A340. It was
chosen because the number 8 resembles the double-deck cross section, and is a lucky number in some Asian countries where the aircraft was being marketed.[20] The aircraft
configuration was finalised in early 2001, and manufacturing of the first A380 wing-box component started on 23 January 2002. The development cost of the A380 had grown to
€11–14[32] billion when the first aircraft was completed.
Total development cost

In 2000, the originally projected development cost was €9.5 billion.[33] In 2004 Airbus estimated 1.5 billion euros ($2 billion) would be added for a €10.3 Bn ($12.7 Bn) total.[34] In
2006 at €10.2 Billion, Airbus stopped publishing its reported cost and then provisioned €4.9 Bn after the difficulties in electric cabling and two years delay for an estimated total of
€18 Bn.[33]
In 2014, the aircraft was estimated to have cost $25bn (£16bn – €18.9bn) to develop.[35] In 2015, Airbus said development costs were €15bn (£11.4bn – $16.95 Bn), though analysts
believe the figure is likely to be at least €5bn ($5.65 Bn) more for a €20 Bn ($22.6 Bn) total.[3] In 2016, The A380 development costs were estimated at $25 billion for 15 years,[36]
$25–30 billion,[37] or 25 billion euros ($28 billion).[4]
To start the program in 2000, Germany, France and the U.K. loaned Airbus 3.5 billion euros and refundable advances reached 5.9 billion euros ($7.3 billion). In February 2018,
after an Emirates order secured production of the unprofitable program for ten years, Airbus revised its deal with these countries to save $1.4 billion (17%): restructured terms
allow to lower the production rate from eight in 2019 to six per year.[38]
Production
Major structural sections of the A380 are built in France, Germany, Spain, and the United Kingdom. Due to the sections' large size,
traditional transportation methods proved unfeasible,[39] so they are brought to the Jean-Luc Lagardère Plant assembly hall in
Toulouse, France, by specialised road and water transportation, though some parts are moved by the A300-600ST Beluga transport
aircraft.[40][41] A380 components are provided by suppliers from around the world; the four largest contributors, by value, are Rolls-
Royce, Safran, United Technologies and General Electric.[26]
For the surface movement of large A380 structural components, a complex route known as the Itinéraire à Grand Gabarit was
developed. This involved the construction of a fleet of roll-on/roll-off (RORO) ships and barges, the construction of port facilities and
the development of new and modified roads to accommodate oversized road convoys.[42] The front and rear fuselage sections are
shipped on one of three RORO ships from Hamburg in northern Germany to the United Kingdom.[43] The wings are manufactured at
Broughton in North Wales, then transported by barge to Mostyn docks for ship transport.[44]
In Saint-Nazaire in western France, the ship exchanges the fuselage sections from
Hamburg for larger, assembled sections, some of which include the nose. The ship unloads
in Bordeaux. The ship then picks up the belly and tail sections from Construcciones Geographical logistics sequence for
the A380, with final assembly in
Aeronáuticas SA in Cádiz in southern Spain, and delivers them to Bordeaux. From there,
Toulouse
the A380 parts are transported by barge to Langon, and by oversize road convoys to the
assembly hall in Toulouse.[45] In order to avoid damage from direct handling, parts are
secured in custom jigs carried on self-powered wheeled vehicles.[39]
A380 components on a barge After assembly, the aircraft are flown to Hamburg Finkenwerder Airport (XFW) to be furnished and painted. Airbus sized the
production facilities and supply chain for a production rate of four A380s per month.[44]
Testing
Five A380s were built for testing and demonstration purposes.[46] The first A380, registered F-WWOW, was unveiled in Toulouse 18 January 2005.[47] It first flew on 27 April
2005.[48] This plane, equipped with Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines, flew from Toulouse–Blagnac Airport with a crew of six headed by chief test pilot Jacques Rosay.[49] Rosay said
flying the A380 had been "like handling a bicycle".[50]
On 1 December 2005, the A380 achieved its maximum design speed of Mach 0.96, (its
design cruise speed is Mach 0.85) in a shallow dive.[46] In 2006, the A380 flew its first high-
altitude test at Addis Ababa Bole International Airport. It conducted its second high-altitude
test at the same airport in 2009.[51] On 10 January 2006, it flew to José María Córdova
International Airport in Colombia, accomplishing the transatlantic testing, and then it went
to El Dorado International Airport to test the engine operation in high-altitude airports. It
arrived in North America on 6 February 2006, landing in Iqaluit, Nunavut in Canada for
cold-weather testing.[52]
A380 prototype on its maiden flight
The first completed A380 at the On 14 February 2006, during the destructive wing strength certification test on MSN5000,
"A380 Reveal" event in Toulouse, the test wing of the A380 failed at 145% of the limit load, short of the required 150% level.
France, 18 January 2005
Airbus announced modifications adding 30 kg (66 lb) to the wing to provide the required
strength.[53] On 26 March 2006, the A380 underwent evacuation certification in Hamburg.
With 8 of the 16 exits arbitrarily blocked, 853 mixed passengers and 20 crew exited the darkened aircraft in 78 seconds, less than the 90
seconds required for certification.[54][55] Three days later, the A380 received European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and United States
Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) approval to carry up to 853 passengers.[56]
The first A380 using GP7200 engines—serial number MSN009 and registration F-WWEA—flew on 25 August 2006.[57][58] On 4
September 2006, the first full passenger-carrying flight test took place.[59] The aircraft flew from Toulouse with 474 Airbus employees
on board, in a test of passenger facilities and comfort.[59] In November 2006, a further series of route-proving flights demonstrated the
aircraft's performance for 150 flight hours under typical airline operating conditions.[60] As of 2014, the A380 test aircraft continue to Flight test engineer's station on the
lower deck of A380 F-WWOW
perform test procedures.[61]
Airbus obtained type certificates for the A380-841 and A380-842 model from the EASA and FAA on 12 December 2006 in a joint
ceremony at the company's French headquarters,[62][63] receiving the ICAO code A388.[64] The A380-861 model obtained its type certificate on 14 December 2007.[63]
Production and delivery delays

Initial production of the A380 was troubled by delays attributed to the 530 km (330 mi) of wiring in each aircraft. Airbus cited as
underlying causes the complexity of the cabin wiring (98,000 wires and 40,000 connectors), its concurrent design and production, the
high degree of customisation for each airline, and failures of configuration management and change control.[65][66] The German and
Spanish Airbus facilities continued to use CATIA version 4, while British and French sites migrated to version 5.[67] This caused overall
configuration management problems, at least in part because wire harnesses manufactured using aluminium rather than copper
conductors necessitated special design rules including non-standard dimensions and bend radii; these were not easily transferred
between versions of the software.[68]
Naked cabin for flight tests with

Airbus announced the first delay in June 2005 and notified airlines that deliveries would be delayed by six months.[67] This reduced the
water tanks ballast
total number of planned deliveries by the end of 2009 from about 120 to 90–100. On 13 June 2006, Airbus announced a second delay,
with the delivery schedule slipping an additional six to seven months.[69] Although the first delivery was still planned before the end of
2006, deliveries in 2007 would drop to only 9 aircraft, and deliveries by the end of 2009 would be cut to 70–80 aircraft. The announcement caused a 26% drop in the share price of
Airbus' parent, EADS,[70] and led to the departure of EADS CEO Noël Forgeard, Airbus CEO Gustav Humbert, and A380 programme manager Charles Champion.[67][71] On 3
October 2006, upon completion of a review of the A380 programme, Airbus CEO Christian Streiff announced a third delay,[67] pushing the first delivery to October 2007, to be
followed by 13 deliveries in 2008, 25 in 2009, and the full production rate of 45 aircraft per year in 2010.[72] The delay also increased the earnings shortfall projected by Airbus
through 2010 to €4.8 billion.[67][73]
As Airbus prioritised the work on the A380-800 over the A380F,[74] freighter orders were cancelled by FedEx[75][76] and United Parcel Service,[77] or converted to A380-800 by
Emirates and ILFC.[78] Airbus suspended work on the freighter version, but said it remained on offer,[79] albeit without a service entry date.[80] For the passenger version Airbus
negotiated a revised delivery schedule and compensation with the 13 customers, all of which retained their orders with some placing subsequent orders, including Emirates,[81]
Singapore Airlines,[82] Qantas,[83] Air France,[84] Qatar Airways,[85] and Korean Air.[86]
Beginning in 2007 the A380 was considered as a potential replacement for the existing Boeing VC-25 serving as Air Force One presidential transport,[87][88] but in January 2009
EADS declared that they were not going to bid for the contract, as assembling only three planes in the US would not make financial sense.[89]
On 13 May 2008, Airbus announced reduced deliveries for the years 2008 (12) and 2009 (21).[90] After further manufacturing setbacks, Airbus announced its plan to deliver 14
A380s in 2009, down from the previously revised target of 18.[91] A total of 10 A380s were delivered in 2009.[92] In 2010 Airbus delivered 18 of the expected 20 A380s, due to
Rolls-Royce engine availability problems.[93] Airbus planned to deliver "between 20 and 25" A380s in 2011 before ramping up to three a month in 2012.[93] In fact, Airbus delivered
26 units, thus outdoing its predicted output for the first time. As of July 2012, production was 3 aircraft per month. Among the production problems are challenging interiors,
interiors being installed sequentially rather than concurrently as in smaller planes, and union/government objections to streamlining.[94]
Production rate
At the July 2016 Farnborough Airshow Airbus announced that in a “prudent, proactive step,” starting in 2018 it expects to deliver 12
A380 aircraft per year, down from 27 deliveries in 2015. The firm also warned production might slip back into red ink on each aircraft
produced at that time, though it anticipates production will remain in the black for 2016 and 2017. “The company will continue to
improve the efficiency of its industrial system to achieve breakeven at 20 aircraft in 2017 and targets additional cost reduction initiatives
to lower breakeven further.”[95][96] Airbus expects that healthy demand for its other aircraft would allow it to avoid job losses from the
cuts.[97][98]
As Airbus expects to build 15 airliners in 2017 and 12 in 2018, Airbus Commercial Aircraft president Fabrice Brégier said without orders
in 2017 production should be reduced below one per month while remaining profitable per unit and have the program continue for 20 Two A380s canceled by Skymark
and stored by Airbus
to 30 years.[99] Within its 2017 half-year report, Airbus adjusted 2019 deliveries to eight aircraft.[100] In November 2017, its chief
executive Tom Enders was confident Airbus will still produce A380s in 2027 with more sales to come, and to further develop it to keep it
competitive beyond 2030.[101] Airbus was profitable at a rate of 15 per year and is trying to drive breakeven down further but will make losses at eight per year.[102]
An Emirates order for 36 could be finalised to keep it produced beyond 2020, but the airline wants guarantees the production will be maintained for 10 years, till 2028: reducing
output to six a year would help to bridge that period and would support second-hand values while other buyers are approached, but the programme would still be unprofitable.[103]
If it fails to win the Emirates order, Airbus is ready to phase out its production gradually as it goes through its remaining orders until early 2020s.[104]
To extend the program, Airbus offered China a production role in early 2018.[105] While state owned airlines could order A380s, it would not help their low yield as it lowers
frequency, they do not need more volume as widebody aircraft are already used on domestic routes and using the A380 on its intended long haul missions would free only a few
airport slots.[106]
After realising efficiencies to sustain production at a lower level, in 2017 Airbus delivered 15 "very close" to production breakeven while additional savings could continue as
production is being further reduced: 12 should be delivered in 2018, eight in 2019 and six per year from 2020 with "digestible" losses. Enders is confident the A380 will gain
additional orders from existing or new operators, and sees opportunities in Asia and particularly in China where it is "under-represented".[107]
Entry into service

Nicknamed Superjumbo,[108] the first A380, MSN003 (registered as 9V-SKA), was delivered to Singapore Airlines on 15 October 2007
and entered service on 25 October 2007 with flight number SQ380 between Singapore and Sydney.[16][109] Passengers bought seats in a
charity online auction paying between $560 and $100,380.[110] Two months later, Singapore Airlines CEO Chew Choong Seng stated the
A380 was performing better than either the airline or Airbus had anticipated, burning 20% less fuel per seat-mile than the airline's 747–
400 fleet.[111] Emirates' Tim Clark claimed that the A380 has better fuel economy at Mach 0.86 than at 0.83,[112] and that its technical
dispatch reliability is at 97%, the same as Singapore Airlines. Airbus is committed to reach the industry standard of 98.5%.[113]
Emirates was the second airline to receive the A380 and commenced service between Dubai and New York in August 2008.[114][115]
Qantas followed, with flights between Melbourne and Los Angeles in October 2008.[116] By the end of 2008, 890,000 passengers had A Singapore Airlines A380 at Zürich
Airport
flown on 2,200 flights.[117]
In February 2009, the one millionth passenger was flown with Singapore Airlines[118] and by May of that year 1,500,000 passengers had
flown on 4,200 flights.[119] Air France received its first A380 in October 2009.[120][121] Lufthansa received its first A380 in May 2010.[122] By July 2010, the 31 A380s then in
service had transported 6 million passengers on 17,000 flights between 20 international destinations.[123]
Airbus delivered the 100th A380 on 14 March 2013 to Malaysia Airlines.[124] In June 2014, over 65 million passengers had flown the A380,[125] and more than 100 million
passengers (averaging 375 per flight) by September 2015, with an availability of 98.5%.[126] In 2014, Emirates stated that their A380 fleet had load factors of 90–100%, and that the
popularity of the aircraft with its passengers had not decreased in the past year.[127]
Improvements and upgrades

In 2010, Airbus announced a new A380 build standard, incorporating a strengthened airframe structure and a 1.5° increase in wing twist. Airbus will also offer, as an option, an
improved maximum take-off weight, thus providing a better payload/range performance. Maximum take-off weight is increased by 4 t (8,800 lb), to 573 t (1,263,000 lb) and the
range is extended by 100 nautical miles (190 km); this is achieved by reducing flight loads, partly from optimising the fly-by-wire control laws.[128] British Airways and Emirates
are the first two customers to have received this new option in 2013.[129] Emirates has asked for an update with new engines for the A380 to be competitive with the 777X around
2020, and Airbus is studying 11-abreast seating.[130]
In 2012, Airbus announced another increase in the A380's maximum take-off weight to 575 t (1,268,000 lb), a 6 t increase from the initial A380 variant and 2 t higher than the
increased-weight proposal of 2010. Its range will increase by some 150 nautical miles (280 km), taking its capability to around 8,350 nautical miles (15,460 km) at current
payloads. The higher-weight version was offered for introduction to service early in 2013.[131]
Post-delivery problems
During repairs following the Qantas Flight 32 engine failure incident, cracks were discovered in wing fittings. As a result, the European Aviation Safety Agency issued an
Airworthiness Directive in January 2012 which affected 20 A380 aircraft that had accumulated over 1,300 flights.[132] A380s with under 1,800 flight hours were to be inspected
within 6 weeks or 84 flights; aircraft with over 1,800 flight hours were to be examined within four days or 14 flights.[133][134][135] Fittings found to be cracked were replaced.[136] On
8 February 2012, the checks were extended to cover all 68 A380 aircraft in operation. The problem is considered to be minor and is not expected to affect operations.[137] EADS
acknowledged that the cost of repairs would be over $130 million, to be borne by Airbus. The company said the problem was traced to stress and material used for the fittings.[138]
Additionally, major airlines are seeking compensation from Airbus for revenue lost as a result of the cracks and subsequent grounding of fleets.[139] Airbus has switched to a
different type of aluminium alloy so aircraft delivered from 2014 onwards should not have this problem.[140]
Airbus is changing about 10% of all doors, as some leak during flight. One occurrence resulted in dropped oxygen masks and an emergency landing. The switch is expected to cost
over €100 million. Airbus states that safety is sufficient, as the air pressure pushes the door into the frame.[141][142][143]
Design
Overview
The A380 was initially offered in two models: the A380-800 and the A380F.
The A380-800's original configuration carried 555 passengers in a three-class configuration[144] or 853 passengers (538 on the main deck and
315 on the upper deck) in a single-class economy configuration. Then in May 2007, Airbus began marketing a configuration with 30 fewer
passengers (525 total in three classes)—traded for 200 nmi (370 km) more range—to better reflect trends in premium-class accommodation.[145]
The design range for the 380−800 model is 8,500 nmi (15,700 km);[146] capable of flying from Hong Kong to New York or from Sydney to
Istanbul non-stop.
The second model, the A380F freighter, would carry 150 tonnes of cargo with a range of 5,600 nmi (10,400 km).[147] The freighter development
was put on hold as Airbus prioritised the passenger version, and all cargo orders were cancelled.
Future variants may include an A380-900 stretch–seating about 656 passengers (or up to 960 passengers in an all-economy configuration)–and
an extended-range version with the same passenger capacity as the A380-800.[20] The A380 cabin cross-
section with economy-class
seating
Engines
The A380 is offered with the Rolls-Royce Trent 900 (A380-841/-842) or the Engine Alliance GP7000 (A380-861) turbofan engines.[148] The
Trent 900 is a combination of the 3 m (118 in) fan and scaled IP compressor of the 777-200X/300X Trent 8104 technology demonstrator derived from the Boeing 777's Trent 800,
and the Airbus A340-500/600's Trent 500 core. The GP7200 HP core technology is derived from GE's GE90 and its LP sections are based on the PW4000 expertise.[149] At its
launch in 2000, engine makers assured Airbus it was getting the best level of technology and they would be state of the art for the next
decade, but three years later Boeing launched the 787 with game-changing technology and 10% lower fuel burn than the previous
generation, to the dismay of John Leahy.[150]
Thanks to its modern engines and aerodynamic improvements, Lufthansa's A380s produce half the noise of the Boeing 747-200 while
carrying 160 more passengers.[151] In 2012, the A380 received an award from the Noise Abatement Society.[152]
London Heathrow is a key destination for the A380.[20] The aircraft is below the QC/2 departure and QC/0.5 arrival noise limits under
the Quota Count system set by the airport.[153] Field measurements suggest the approach quota allocation for the A380 may be overly
generous compared to the older Boeing 747, but still quieter.[154][155] Rolls-Royce is supporting the CAA in understanding the relatively Engine Alliance GP7200 engine
high A380/Trent 900 monitored noise levels.[156] Heathrow’s landing charges having a noise component, the A380 is cheaper to land waiting for installation
there than a Boeing 777-200 and -300 and it saves $4,300 to $5,200 per landing, or $15.3M to $18.8M of present value over 15 years.
Tokyo Narita has a similar noise charge.[157]
Sufficient braking capacity allowed for thrust reversers to be installed on only the inboard engines.[158][159] The outboard engines lack them, reducing the amount of debris stirred
up during landing.[160] They are electrically actuated to save weight and for better reliability than pneumatic or hydraulic equivalents.[161]
Wings
The A380's wing is sized for a maximum takeoff weight (MTOW) over 650 tonnes to accommodate these future versions, albeit with
some internal strengthening required on the A380F freighter.[20][162] The optimal wingspan for this weight is about 90 m (300 ft), but
airport restrictions limited it to less than 80 m (260 ft), lowering aspect ratio to 7.8 which reduces fuel efficiency[130] about 10% and
increases operating costs a few percent,[163] given that fuel costs constitute about 50% of the cost of long-haul airplane operation.[164]
The common wing design approach sacrifices fuel efficiency on the A380-800 passenger model because of its weight but Airbus
estimates that the aircraft's size and advanced technology will provide lower operating costs per passenger than the 747-400. The wings
incorporate wingtip fences that extend above and below the wing surface, similar to those on the A310 and A320. These increase fuel
efficiency and range by reducing induced drag.[165] The wingtip fences also reduce wake turbulence, which endangers following aircraft
and could, theoretically, damage house roofs.[166]
Materials
Planform view showing moderate
While most of the fuselage is made of aluminium alloys, composite materials comprise more than 20% of the A380's airframe.[167] wing aspect ratio and the
Carbon-fibre reinforced plastic, glass-fibre reinforced plastic and quartz-fibre reinforced plastic are used extensively in wings, fuselage undercarriage kinematics
sections (such as the undercarriage and rear end of fuselage), tail surfaces, and doors.[168][169][170] The A380 is the first commercial
airliner to have a central wing box made of carbon fibre reinforced plastic. It is also the first to have a smoothly contoured wing cross
section. The wings of other commercial airliners are partitioned span-wise into sections. This flowing continuous cross section reduces
aerodynamic drag. Thermoplastics are used in the leading edges of the slats.[171] The hybrid fibre metal laminate material GLARE (glass
laminate aluminium reinforced epoxy) is used in the upper fuselage and on the stabilisers' leading edges.[172] This aluminium-glass-
fibre laminate is lighter and has better corrosion and impact resistance than conventional aluminium alloys used in aviation.[173] Unlike
earlier composite materials, GLARE can be repaired using conventional aluminium repair techniques. The application of GLARE on the
A380 has a long history, which shows the complex nature of innovations in the aircraft industry.[174][175]
Newer weldable aluminium alloys are used in the A380's airframe. This enables the widespread use of laser beam welding
manufacturing techniques, eliminating rows of rivets and resulting in a lighter, stronger structure.[176] High-strength aluminium (type Composite photo of a structural
7449)[177] reinforced with carbon fibre was used in the wing brackets of the first 120 A380s to reduce weight, but cracks have been loading test on the left wing box
discovered and new sets of the more critical brackets will be made of standard aluminium 7010, increasing weight by 90 kg (198 lb).[178]
Repair costs for earlier aircraft are expected to be around €500 million (US$629 million).[179]
It takes 3,600 L (950 US gal) of paint to cover the 3,100 m2 (33,000 sq ft) exterior of an A380.[180] The paint is five layers thick and weighs about 650 kg (1,433 lb).[181]
Avionics
The A380 employs an integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture, first used in advanced military aircraft, such as the Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, Lockheed Martin F-35
Lightning II,[182] and Dassault Rafale.[183] The main IMA systems on the A380 were developed by the Thales Group.[184] Designed and developed by Airbus, Thales and Diehl
Aerospace, the IMA suite was first used on the A380. The suite is a technological innovation, with networked computing modules to support different applications.[184] The data
networks use Avionics Full-Duplex Switched Ethernet, an implementation of ARINC 664. These are switched, full-duplex, star-topology and based on 100baseTX fast-
Ethernet.[185] This reduces the amount of wiring required and minimises latency.[186]
Airbus used similar cockpit layout, procedures and handling characteristics to other Airbus aircraft, reducing crew training costs. The
A380 has an improved glass cockpit, using fly-by-wire flight controls linked to side-sticks.[187][188] The cockpit has eight 15 by 20 cm
(5.9 by 7.9 in) liquid crystal displays, all physically identical and interchangeable; comprising two primary flight displays, two
navigation displays, one engine parameter display, one system display and two multi-function displays. The MFDs were introduced on
the A380 to provide an easy-to-use interface to the flight management system—replacing three multifunction control and display
units.[189] They include QWERTY keyboards and trackballs, interfacing with a graphical "point-and-click" display system.[190][191]
The Network Systems Server (NSS) is the heart of A380's paperless cockpit; it eliminates bulky manuals and traditional charts.[192][193]
The NSS has enough inbuilt robustness to eliminate onboard backup paper documents. The A380's network and server system stores A380 flight deck
data and offers electronic documentation, providing a required equipment list, navigation charts, performance calculations, and an
aircraft logbook. This is accessed through the MFDs and controlled via the keyboard interface.[186]
Systems
Power-by-wire flight control actuators have been used for the first time in civil aviation to back up primary hydraulic actuators. Also, during certain manoeuvres they augment the
primary actuators.[194] They have self-contained hydraulic and electrical power supplies. Electro-hydrostatic actuators (EHA) are used in the aileron and elevator, electric and
hydraulic motors to drive the slats as well as electrical backup hydrostatic actuators (EBHA) for the rudder and some spoilers.[195]
The A380's 350 bar (35 MPa or 5,000 psi) hydraulic system is a significant difference from the typical 210 bar (21 MPa or 3,000 psi) hydraulics used on most commercial aircraft
since the 1940s.[196][197] First used in military aircraft, high-pressure hydraulics reduce the weight and size of pipelines, actuators and related components. The 350 bar pressure is
generated by eight de-clutchable hydraulic pumps.[197][198] The hydraulic lines are typically made from titanium; the system features both fuel- and air-cooled heat exchangers.
Self-contained electrically powered hydraulic power packs serve as backups for the primary systems, instead of a secondary hydraulic system, saving weight and reducing
maintenance.[199]
The A380 uses four 150 kVA variable-frequency electrical generators,[200] eliminating constant-speed drives and improving reliability.[201] The A380 uses aluminium power cables
instead of copper for weight reduction. The electrical power system is fully computerised and many contactors and breakers have been replaced by solid-state devices for better
performance and increased reliability.[195]
The auxiliary power comprises the Auxiliary Power Unit (APU), the electronic control box (ECB), and mounting hardware. The APU in use on the A380 is the PW 980A APU. The
APU primarily provides air to power the Analysis Ground Station (AGS) on the ground and to start the engines. The AGS is a semi-automatic analysis system of flight data that
helps to optimise management of maintenance and reduce costs. The APU also powers electric generators that provide auxiliary electric power to the aircraft.[202]
Passenger provisions
The cabin has features to reduce traveller fatigue such as a quieter interior and higher pressurisation than previous generations of
aircraft; the A380 is pressurised to the equivalent altitude of 1,520 m (5,000 ft) up to 12,000 m (39,000 ft).[203][204] It has 50% less
cabin noise, 50% more cabin area and volume, larger windows, bigger overhead bins, and 60 cm (2.0 ft) extra headroom versus the 747-
400.[205][206] Seating options range from 3-room 12 m2 (130 sq ft) "residence" in first class to 11-across in economy.[207] A380 economy
seats are up to 48 cm (19 in) wide in a 10-abreast configuration,[208] compared with the 10-abreast configuration on the 747-400 that
typically has seats 44.5 cm (17.5 in) wide.[209] On other aircraft, economy seats range from 41.5 to 52.3 cm (16.3 to 20.6 in) in width.[210]
The A380's upper and lower decks are connected by two stairways, fore and aft, wide enough to accommodate two passengers side-by-
side; this cabin arrangement allows multiple seat configurations. The maximum certified carrying capacity is 853 passengers in an all- 10 across economy class seating
economy-class layout,[54] Airbus lists the "typical" three-class layout as accommodating 525 passengers, with 10 first, 76 business, and
439 economy class seats.[145] Airline configurations range from Korean Air's 407 passengers to Emirates' two-class 615 seats for
Copenhagen,[211] and average around 480–490 seats.[212][213] The Air Austral's proposed 840 passenger layout has not come to fruition.
The A380's interior illumination system uses bulbless LEDs in the cabin, cockpit, and cargo decks. The LEDs in the cabin can be altered
to create an ambience simulating daylight, night, or intermediate levels.[214] On the outside of the aircraft, HID lighting is used for
brighter illumination.
Airbus's publicity has stressed the comfort and space of the A380 cabin,[215] and advertised onboard relaxation areas such as bars,
beauty salons, duty-free shops, and restaurants.[216][217] Proposed amenities resembled those installed on earlier airliners, particularly
1970s wide-body jets,[218] which largely gave way to regular seats for more passenger capacity.[218] Airbus has acknowledged that some Emirates business class
cabin proposals were unlikely to be installed,[217] and that it was ultimately the airlines' decision how to configure the interior.[218]
Industry analysts suggested that implementing customisation has slowed the production speeds, and raised costs.[219] Due to delivery
delays, Singapore Airlines and Air France debuted their seat designs on different aircraft prior to the A380.[220][221]
Initial operators typically configured their A380s for three-class service, while adding extra features for passengers in premium cabins.
Launch customer Singapore Airlines introduced partly enclosed first class suites on its A380s in 2007, each featuring a leather seat with
a separate bed; center suites could be joined to create a double bed.[222][223][224] A year later, Qantas debuted a new first class seat-bed
and a sofa lounge at the front of the upper deck on its A380s,[225][226] and in 2009 Air France unveiled an upper deck electronic art
gallery.[227] In late 2008, Emirates introduced "shower spas" in first class on its A380s allowing each first class passenger five minutes
of hot water,[228][229] drawing on 2.5 tonnes of water although only 60% of it was used.[127] Emirates,[230][231] Etihad Airways and Qatar
Airways also have a bar lounge and seating area on the upper deck, while Etihad has enclosed areas for two people each.[232] In addition
Etihad The Residence Apartment
to lounge areas, some A380 operators have installed amenities consistent with other aircraft in their respective fleets, including self- with bedroom, living room and an
serve snack bars,[233] premium economy sections,[221] and redesigned business class seating.[220] en-suite shower room on Airbus
A380-800
The Hamburg Aircraft Interiors Expo in April 2015 saw the presentation of an 11-seat row economy cabin for the A380. Airbus is
reacting to a changing economy; the recession which began in 2008 saw a drop in market percentage of first class and business seats to
six percent and an increase in budget economy travelers. Among other causes is the reluctance of employers to pay for executives to
travel in First or Business Class. Airbus' chief of cabin marketing, Ingo Wuggestzer, told Aviation Week and Space Technology that the
standard three class cabin no longer reflected market conditions. The 11 seat row on the A380 is accompanied by similar options on
other widebodies: nine across on the Airbus A330 and ten across on the A350.[234]
Integration with infrastructure and regulations
Bar on an Emirates A380

Ground operations
In the 1990s, aircraft manufacturers were planning to introduce larger planes than the Boeing 747. In a common effort of the
International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) with manufacturers, airports and its member agencies, the "80-metre box" was
created, the airport gates allowing planes up to 80 m (260 ft) wingspan and length to be accommodated.[235] Airbus designed the A380
according to these guidelines,[236][237] and to operate safely on Group V runways and taxiways with a 60 metres (200 ft) loadbearing
width.[238] The US FAA initially opposed this,[239][240] then in July 2007, the FAA and EASA agreed to let the A380 operate on 45 m
(148 ft) runways without restrictions.[241] The A380-800 is approximately 30% larger in overall size than the 747-400.[242][243] Runway
lighting and signage may need changes to provide clearance to the wings and avoid blast damage from the engines. Runways, runway
shoulders and taxiway shoulders may be required to be stabilised to reduce the likelihood of foreign object damage caused to (or by) the
outboard engines, which are more than 25 m (82 ft) from the centre line of the aircraft,[236][238][244] compared to 21 m (69 ft) for the Emirates first class shower
747–400,[245] and 747–8.[246]
Airbus measured pavement loads using a 540-tonne (595 short tons) ballasted test rig, designed to replicate the landing gear of the A380. The rig was towed over a section of
pavement at Airbus' facilities that had been instrumented with embedded load sensors.[247] It was determined that the pavement of most runways will not need to be reinforced
despite the higher weight,[244] as it is distributed on more wheels than in other passenger aircraft with a total of 22 wheels (that is, its ground pressure is lower).[248] The A380
undercarriage consists of four main landing gear legs and one noseleg (a similar layout to the 747), with the two inboard landing gear legs each supporting six wheels.[248][249]
The A380 requires service vehicles with lifts capable of reaching the upper deck,[250] as well as tractors capable of handling the A380's
maximum ramp weight.[251] When using two jetway bridges the boarding time is 45 min, and when using an extra jetway to the upper
deck it is reduced to 34 min.[252] The A380 has an airport turnaround time of 90–110 minutes.[127] In 2008 the A380 test aircraft were
used to trial the modifications made to several airports to accommodate the type.[253]
Takeoff and landing separation

In 2005, the ICAO recommended that provisional separation criteria for the A380 on takeoff[254] and landing be substantially greater
than for the 747 because preliminary flight test data suggested a stronger wake turbulence.[255][256] These criteria were in effect while Aircraft ground handling with
the ICAO's wake vortex steering group, with representatives from the JAA, Eurocontrol, the FAA, and Airbus, refined its 3-year study of separate jetways for the main and
the issue with additional flight testing. In September 2006, the working group presented its first conclusions to the ICAO.[257][258] upper deck, and ground support
equipment
In November 2006, the ICAO issued new interim recommendations. Replacing a blanket 10 nautical miles (19 km) separation for
aircraft trailing an A380 during approach, the new distances were 6 nmi (11 km), 8 nmi (15 km) and 10 nmi (19 km) respectively for
non-A380 "Heavy", "Medium", and "Light" ICAO aircraft categories. These compared with the 4 nmi (7.4 km), 5 nmi (9.3 km) and
6 nmi (11 km) spacing applicable to other "Heavy" aircraft. Another A380 following an A380 should maintain a separation of 4 nmi
(7.4 km). On departure behind an A380, non-A380 "Heavy" aircraft are required to wait two minutes, and "Medium"/"Light" aircraft
three minutes for time based operations. The ICAO also recommends that pilots append the term "Super" to the aircraft's callsign when
initiating communication with air traffic control, to distinguish the A380 from "Heavy" aircraft.[259]
In August 2008, the ICAO issued revised approach separations of 4 nmi (7.4 km) for Super (another A380), 6 nmi (11 km) for Heavy,
7 nmi (13 km) for medium/small, and 8 nmi (15 km) for light.[260] In November 2008, an incident on a parallel runway during
crosswinds made the Australian authorities change procedures for those conditions.[261] A380 20-wheel main landing gear
Singapore Airlines describe the A380's landing speed of 130–135 kn (240–250 km/h) as "impressively slow".[262]
Maintenance
As the A380 fleet grows older, airworthiness authority rules require certain scheduled inspections from approved aircraft tool shops.
The increasing fleet size (to about 286 in 2020) cause expected maintenance and modification to cost $6.8 billion for 2015–2020, of
which $2.1 billion are for engines. Emirates performed its first 3C-check for 55 days in 2014. During lengthy shop stays, some airlines
will use the opportunity to install new interiors.[263]
Wingtip vortex left behind
Variants
A380F
Airbus originally accepted orders for the freighter variant, offering the largest payload capacity of any cargo aircraft in production,
exceeded only by the single Antonov An-225 Mriya in service.[264] An aerospace consultant has estimated that the A380F would have
7% better payload and better range than the Boeing 747-8F, but also higher trip costs.[265] However, production was suspended until the
A380 production lines have settled, with no firm availability date.[74][75][76] In 2015, Airbus removed A380F from the range of freighters
on its corporate website.[266] The maximum payload would have been 150 t (330,000 lb), with a 5,600 nmi (10,400 km) range.[147]
Airbus A380 at MAKS 2011, Russia
A patent for "combi" version was applied for. This version would offer the flexibility of carrying both passengers and cargo, along with
being rapidly reconfigurable to expand or contract the cargo area and passenger area as needed for a given flight.[267]
A380-900
In November 2007, Airbus top sales executive and chief operating officer John Leahy confirmed plans for an enlarged variant—the A380-900—with more seating space than the
A380-800.[268] The A380-900 would have a seating capacity for 650 passengers in standard configuration and for approximately 900 passengers in an economy-only
configuration.[269] Airlines that expressed an interest in the 380-900 included Emirates,[270] Virgin Atlantic,[271] Cathay Pacific,[272] Air France, KLM, Lufthansa,[273] Kingfisher
Airlines,[274] and leasing company ILFC.[275] In May 2010, Airbus announced that A380-900 development would be postponed until production of the A380-800 stabilised.[276]
On 11 December 2014, at the annual Airbus Investor Day forum, Airbus CEO controversially announced, "We will one day launch an A380neo and one day launch a stretched
A380".[277] This statement followed speculation sparked by Airbus CFO Harald Wilhelm that Airbus could possibly axe the A380 ahead of its time due to softening demand.[278]
On 15 June 2015, John Leahy, Airbus's chief operating officer for customers, stated that Airbus was again looking at the A380-900 programme. Airbus's newest concept would be a
stretch of the A380-800 offering 50 seats more—not 100 seats as originally envisaged. This stretch would be tied to a potential re-engining of the A380-800. According to Flight
Global, an A380-900 would make better use of the A380's existing wing.[279]
A380neo
On 15 June 2015, Reuters reported that Airbus was discussing a stretched version of the A380 with a half dozen customers. This aircraft, which could also feature new engines,
would accommodate an additional fifty passengers. Deliveries to customers were planned for sometime in 2020 or 2021.[280] On 19 July 2015, Airbus CEO Fabrice Brégier stated
that the company will build a new version of the A380 featuring new improved wings and new engines.[281] Speculation about the development of a so-called A380neo ("neo" for
"new engine option") had been going on for a few months after earlier press releases in 2014,[282] and in 2015 the company was considering whether to end production of the type
prior to 2018[278] or develop a new A380 variant. Later it was revealed that Airbus was looking at both the possibility of a longer A380 in line of the previously planned A380-
900[283] and a new engine version, i.e. A380neo. Brégier also revealed that the new variant would be ready to enter service by 2020.[284] The engine would most likely be one of a
variety of all-new options from Rolls-Royce, ranging from derivatives of the A350's XWB-84/97 to the future Advance project due at around 2020.[285][286]
On 3 June 2016, Emirates President Tim Clark stated that talks between Emirates and Airbus on the A380neo have "lapsed".[287] On 12 June 2017, Fabrice Brégier confirmed that
Airbus will not launch an A380neo, stating "...there is no business case to do that, this is absolutely clear." However, Brégier stated it won't stop Airbus from looking at what could
be done to improve the performance of the aircraft. One such proposal is a 32 ft (9.8 m) wingspan extension to reduce drag and increase fuel efficiency by 4%,[288] though further
increase is likely to be seen on the aircraft with new Sharklets like on the A380 Plus.[288]
A380plus
Launched at the June 2017 Paris Air Show, Airbus offers an A380plus enhanced version with 13% lower costs per seat, featuring up to
80 more seats through better use of cabin space, split scimitar winglets and wing refinements allowing a 4% fuel economy improvement,
and longer aircraft maintenance intervals with less downtime.[289] Its maximum takeoff weight is increased by 3 t (6,600 lb) to 578 t
(1,274,000 lb), allowing it to carry more passengers over the same 8,200 nmi range or increase the range by 300 nm. Emirates could
order 20 aircraft at the November Dubai Air Show.[290]
The upgrade will be available from 2020. Winglet mockups, 4.7m (15½ft) high, were displayed on the MSN04 test aircraft at Le
Bourget. Wing twist will be modified and camber changed by increasing its height by 33 mm (1.3 in) between Rib 10 and Rib 30, along
with upper-belly fairing improvements. The in-flight entertainment, the flight management system and the fuel pumps will come from The A380plus winglet mockup
the A350 to reduce weight and improve reliability and fuel economy. Light checks will be required after 1,000 hr instead of 750 hr and
heavy check downtime will be reduced to keep the aircraft flying for six days more per year.[291]
Market
Size
In its 2000 Global Market Forecast, Airbus estimated the demand for 1,235 passenger Very Large Aircraft (VLA), with more than 400
seats : 360 up to 2009 and 875 by 2019.[292] The market is estimated for two decades at more than 1,700 by Airbus and 700 by Boeing
since 1999-2000, including freighters.[293] In 2006, industry analysts Philip Lawrence of the Aerospace Research Centre in Bristol
anticipated 880 sales by 2025 with Airbus having conducted the most extensive and thorough market analysis of commercial aviation
ever undertaken, justifying its VLA plans to design the A380 by the spoke-hub distribution paradigm while Richard Aboulafia of the
consulting Teal Group in Fairfax, Virginia anticipated 400 with the rise of mid-size aircraft and market fragmentation reducing them to Singapore Airlines, Qantas, and
niche markets, making such plans unjustified in a point-to-point transit model.[26] Emirates Airbus A380s parked at
London Heathrow
In 2007, Airbus estimated a demand for 1,283 VLA in the following 20 years if airport congestion remains constant, up to 1,771 VLAs if
congestion increases, with most deliveries (56%) in Asia-Pacific, and 415 very large, 120-tonne plus freighters.[294] For the same period,
Boeing was estimating the demand for 590 large (B747 or A380) passenger airliners and 630 freighters.[295]
On 15 May 2018, in its EU appeal ruling, the WTO concluded that the A380 received improper subsidies through $9 billion of launch aids, but Airbus acknowledges that the threat
posed to Boeing by the A380 is so marginal with 330 orders since its 2000 launch that any U.S. sanctions should be minimal, as previous rulings showed Boeing’s exposure could
be as little as $377 million.[296]
Frequency and capacity

In 2013, Cathay Pacific and Singapore Airlines needed to balance frequency and capacity.[297] China Southern struggled for two years to
use its A380s from Beijing, and finally received Boeing 787s in its base in Guangzhou, but where it cannot command a premium, unlike
Beijing or Shanghai.[298][299] In 2013, Air France withdrew A380 services to Singapore and Montreal and switched to smaller
aircraft.[300]
In 2014, British Airways replaced three 777 flights between London and Los Angeles with two A380 per day.[301] Emirates' Tim Clark
saw a large potential for Asian A380-users, and criticised Airbus' marketing efforts.[302] As business travellers prefer more choices
offered by more frequencies, flying a route multiple times on smaller aircraft rather than once on a large plane, United Airlines observed
the A380 "just doesn't really work for us" as it relies on Boeing 787s operating at a lower trip cost.[303] China Southern A380 taking off from
Beijing Capital Airport
At the A380 launch, most Europe-Asia and transpacific routes used 747-400s at fairly low frequencies, but since then, routes
proliferated with open skies and most airlines downsized to offer higher frequencies and more routes. The huge capacity offered by each
flight eroded the yield: North America was viewed as 17% of the market but it never materialised as a 747 replacement with only fifteen 747s remaining in passenger service in
November 2017, for transpacific routes where timezones restrict potential frequency, consolidation changed the networks and US majors constrained capacity and emphasised
daily frequencies for business traffic with midsize widebodies like the 787 to extract higher yields, focusing on profits rather than market share leaved to Asian carriers.[292]
The 747 was removed from the transatlantic flights by the 767 and from the transpacific market by the 777: newer, smaller aircraft with similar seat-mile costs have lower trip costs
and allow more direct routes. Cabin densification to lower unit costs could aggravate this overcapacity.[292]
Production
In 2005, 270 sales were necessary to attain break-even and with 751 expected deliveries its Internal rate of return outlook was at 19%, but due to disruptions in the ramp-up
leading to overcosts and delayed deliveries, it increased to 420 in 2006.[304] In 2010, EADS CFO Hans Peter Ring said that break-even could be achieved by 2015 when 200
deliveries were projected.[305] In 2012, Airbus clarified that the aircraft production costs would be less than its sales price.[94]
On 11 December 2014, Airbus chief financial officer Harald Wilhelm hinted the possibility of ending the programme in 2018, disappointing Emirates president Tim Clark.[306]
Airbus shares fell down consequently.[307] Airbus responded to the protests by playing down the possibility the A380 would be abandoned, instead emphasising that enhancing the
airplane was a likelier scenario.[308] On 22 December 2014, as the jet was about to break even, Airbus CEO Fabrice Brégier ruled out cancelling it.[309]
Ten years after its first flight, Brégier said it was "almost certainly introduced ten years too early".[310] While no longer losing money on each plane sold, Airbus admits that the
company will never recoup the $25 billion investment it made in the project.[311]
Airbus consistently forecast 1,400 VLA demand over 20-year, still in 2017, and aimed to secure a 50% share, up to 700 units, but delivered 215 aircraft in 10 years, achieving three
produced per month but not the four per month target after the ramp-up to achieve more than 350 and is now declining to 0.5 a month. As Boeing see the VLA market as too small
to retain in its 2017 forecast, its VP marketing Randy Tinseth doesn't believe Airbus will deliver the rest of the backlog.[292]
Richard Aboulafia predicts a 2020 final delivery, with unpleasant losses due to "hubris, shoddy market analysis, nationalism and simple wishful thinking". In 2017, the A380 fleet
overtook the passengers B747s, declining from 740 aircraft when the A380 was launched in 2000 to 550 units at the A380 introduction in 2007, and around 200 ten years after
while the combined fleet of A380s and 747s passenger jumbos is 430, the market-share battle having shifted to large single-aisles and 300-seat twin-aisles.[292]
Cost
As of 2016 the list price of an A380 is US$432.6 million.[312] Negotiated discounts made the actual prices much lower, and industry experts questioned whether the A380 project
would ever pay for itself.[94] The first aircraft was sold and leased back by Singapore Airlines in 2007 to Dr. Peters for $197 million.[313] In 2016, IAG's Willie Walsh said he could
add a few, but also that he found the price of new aircraft "outrageous" and would source them from the second-hand market.[292]
AirInsight estimates its hourly cost at $26,000, or around $50 per seat hour (for 520 seats), which compares to $44 per seat hour for a Boeing 777-300ER, and $90 per seat hour
for a Boeing 747-400 as of November 2015.[314] As it has very large wing and tail surfaces to allow a stretch and a high empty weight per seat, its cost-per-seat advantage eroded,
and the A350-1000 and 777-9 will match it.[292]
Secondary
As of mid-2015, several airlines have expressed their interest in selling their aircraft, partially coinciding with expiring lease contracts
for the aircraft. Several A380s which are in service have been offered for lease to other airlines. The suggestion has prompted concerns
on the potential for new sales for Airbus, although these were dismissed by Airbus COO John Leahy who stated that "Used A380s do not
compete with new A380s", stating that the second-hand market is more interesting for parties otherwise looking to buy smaller aircraft
such as the Boeing 777.[315]
After Malaysia Airlines (MAS) was unable to sell or lease its six A380s, it decided to refurbish the aircraft with seating for 700 and
transfer them to a subsidiary carrier for religious pilgrimage flights.[316] As it started receiving its six A350s to replace its A380s in
Hi Fly A380 at the 2018
December 2017, the new subsidiary will serve the Hajj and Umrah market with them, starting in the third quarter of 2018 and could be
Farnborough Airshow
expanded above six beyond 2020 to 2022. The cabin will have 36 business seats and 600 economy seats, with a 712-seat reconfiguration
possible within five days. The fleet could be chartered half the year for the tourism industry like cruise shipping and will be able to
operate for the next 40 years if oil prices stay low.[317] As they should be parked by June 2018 before reconfiguration, MAS confirmed the plans and will also use them for peak
periods to high traffic markets like London.[318]
In August 2017, it was announced that Hi Fly would lease two used aircraft. The Portuguese ACMI/charter airline will use the aircraft for markets where high capacity is needed
and airports where slots are scarce. The first aircraft was scheduled to begin commercial operations during the first quarter of 2018[319][320] Hi Fly was to receive its A380s from
mid-2018 in a 471-seat configuration: 399 on the main deck, 60 business-class and 12 first-class seats on the upper deck, the Singapore Airlines layout.[321] Hi Fly first used one of
their A380s on 1 August 2018 for a one-off flight to enable Thomas Cook Airlines to repatriate passengers from Rhodes to Copenhagen following IT problems in the Greek
airport.[322] The same aircraft was then wet-leased to Norwegian to operate its evening London-New York service for several weeks in August 2018, to alleviate availability issues on
its Boeing 787s affected by Trent 1000 engine problems;[323] Air Austral also signed a deal to wet-lease an A380 from Hi Fly while one of its 787s is grounded for three months of
Trent 1000 inspections.[324]
Amedeo, mainly an A380 lessor and the largest with 22, mostly leased to Emirates, wants to find a use for them after their lease expires from 2022, and study if there is a demand
to wet lease them.[325] Swiss aircraft broker Sparfell & Partners plans to convert for head-of-state or VVIP transport some of Dr. Peters' four ex-SIA A380s for under $300 million
apiece, less than a new Boeing 777 or Airbus A330.[326]
Teardown
With four A380s leased to Singapore Airlines having been returned between October 2017 and March 2018, Dr. Peters fears a weak aftermarket and is considering scrapping them,
although they are on sale for a business jet conversion, but on the other hand Airbus sees a potential for African airlines and Chinese airlines, Hajj charters and its large Gulf
operators.[327] An A380 parted out may be worth $30 million to $50 million if it is at half-life.[328] Teardown specialists have declined offers for several aircraft at part-out prices
due to high risk as a secondary market is uncertain with $30 to $40 million for the refurbishment, but should be between $20 to $30 million to be viable.[329]
After proposing the aircraft to BA, Hi Fly and Iran Air, Dr. Peters was to recommend to its investors on 28 June 2018 to sell the aircraft parts with VAS Aero Services within two
years for 45 million USD, quickly for components like the landing gear or the APU. Rolls-Royce Trent 900 leasing beyond March 2019 should generate 480,000 USD monthly for
each aircraft before selling the turbofans by 2020. With a total revenue of 80 million USD per aircraft, the overall return expected is 145-155% while 72% and 81% of their debt had
already be repaid.[330]
BA wanted to replace its Boeing 747s but from 2021, Iran Air faced political uncertainty and Hi Fly did not have a convincing business case. The fifth plane coming back from SIA,
owned by Amedeo (formerly Doric), may still go to Hi Fly. Two others should return from Singapore Air in coming weeks but they could stay with an existing Asian A380 flag
carrier.[331] VAS Aero Services is a US aftermarket firm.[332]
The teardown value includes $32-$33 million from the engines in 2020 and $4 million from leasing them till, while the value of a 2008 A380 would be $78.4 million in 2020 and
its monthly lease in 2018 would be $929,000. The two aircraft have returned 3.8-4.2% per year since 2008 but the 145-155% return is lower than the 220% originally forecast. Of
the nearly 500 made, 50 747-400s were sold in the secondary market, including only 25 to new customers.[333] These are among the first A380s delivered, lacking the
improvements and weight savings of later ones.[334]
Orders and deliveries

Eighteen customers have ordered the A380. Total orders for the A380 stand at 331 as of May 2018.[2] The biggest customer is Emirates, which has ordered or committed to order a
total of 162 A380s.[2][335] One VIP order was made in 2007[336] but later cancelled by Airbus.[337] The A380F version attracted 27 orders, before they were either cancelled (20) or
converted to A380-800 (7) following the production delay and the subsequent suspension of the freighter program.
Delivery takes place in Hamburg for customers from Europe and the Middle East and in Toulouse for customers from the rest of the world.[338] EADS explained that deliveries in
2013 were to be slowed temporarily to accommodate replacement of the wing rib brackets where cracks were detected earlier in the existing fleet.[339]
In 2013, in expectation of raising the number of orders placed, Airbus announced 'attractable discounts' to airlines who placed large orders for the A380. Soon after, at the
November 2013 Dubai Air Show where it ordered 150 B777X, Emirates ordered 50 aircraft, totalling $20 billion.[340]
In 2014, Airbus said that some ordered A380s might not be built for an undisclosed Japanese airline. Qantas planned to order eight more airplanes but is in doubt due to a cost-
cutting drive. Amedeo, an aircraft lessor that ordered 20 A380s, had not found a client for the airliner as of 2014.[341] Virgin Atlantic ordered six A380s in 2001 but never took
delivery and later cancelled them in 2018.[342]
As of June 2017, Emirates has 48 orders outstanding but due to lack of space in Dubai Airport, it deferred 12 deliveries by one year and will not take any in 2019-20 before
replacing its early airliners from 2021: there are open production slots in 2019 and Airbus reduced its production rate at 12 per year for 2017-18. The real backlog is much smaller
than the official 107 with 47 uncertain orders: 20 commitments for the A380-specialized lessor Amedeo which commits to production only once aircraft are placed, eight for Qantas
which wants to keep its fleet at 12, six for Virgin Atlantic which does not want them anymore and three ex Transaero for finance vehicle Air Accord.[343]
At its 100th delivery ceremony, Emirates Airline head Ahmed bin Saeed Al Maktoum was hoping to order new A380s at the November 2017 Dubai Air Show the following
week.[344] Emirates does not need the small front staircase and eleven-abreast economy of the A380plus concept, but wants Airbus to commit to continue production for at least 10
years.[102] On 18 January 2018, Airbus secured a preliminary agreement from Emirates for up to 36 A380s: 20 potentially firm orders and 16 options, to be delivered from 2020,
valued at $16 billion at list prices.[345] John Leahy is confident that Airbus will secure one more A380 order in 2018; discussions are reportedly under way with IAG for British
Airways to take new A380s, which could be cheaper than refurbishing second-hand planes to its specifications.[346]
Timeline
A380 firm net orders and deliveries
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017
A380-
Net 78 – 34 10 10 24 33 9 4 32 19 9 42 13 2 – -2
800
orders
A380F 7 10 – – 10 -17 -10 – – – – – – – – – –
A380-
Deliveries – – – – – – 1 12 10 18 26 30 25 30 27 28 15
800
Cumulative orders and deliveries
Data from Airbus through the end of August 2018.[2][347]
Orders
Deliveries
Operators
There were 222 aircraft in service with 13 operators as of 31 December 2017.[348]
Singapore Airlines first service on 25 October 2007[109]

Emirates first service on 1 August 2008[115]
Qantas first service on 20 October 2008[116]
Air France first service on 20 November 2009[349]
Lufthansa first service on 6 June 2010[350]
Korean Air first service on 17 June 2011[351]
China Southern Airlines first service on 17 October 2011[352][353]
Malaysia Airlines first service on 1 July 2012[354]
Emirates is the largest A380
Thai Airways first service on 6 October 2012[355]
operator with 100 aircraft in service
British Airways first service on 2 August 2013[356]
as of November 2017.[348]
Asiana Airlines first service on 13 June 2014[357]
Qatar Airways first service on 10 October 2014[358]
Etihad Airways first service on 27 December 2014[359]
Hi Fly first service on 1 August 2018[360]
Notable routes
The shortest regular commercial route that the A380 flies is from Dubai to Doha (379 km or 236 miles) with Emirates[361] (As of 6 June
2017, this route has been suspended due to deterioration of diplomatic relationship between the two countries[362]). Air France briefly
operated the A380 on the shorter Paris Charles de Gaulle to London Heathrow route (344 km or 214 miles) in mid-2010.[363] The
Etihad Airways' first Airbus A380
longest A380 route, and the third longest non-stop commercial flight in the world, is flown by Emirates from Dubai to Auckland at
taking off from London Heathrow for
14,203 kilometres (8,825 mi).[364] Abu Dhabi
Incidents and accidents

The A380 has been involved in two aviation occurrences and no hull loss accidents with no fatalities as of October 2017.
On 4 November 2010, Qantas Flight 32, en route from Singapore Changi Airport to Sydney Airport, suffered an uncontained engine failure, resulting in a series of related
problems, and forcing the flight to make an emergency landing. The plane safely returned to Singapore. There were no injuries to the passengers, crew or people on the
ground despite debris falling onto the Indonesian island of Batam.[365] The A380 was damaged sufficiently for the event to be classified as an accident.[366] Qantas
subsequently grounded all of its A380s that day subject to an internal investigation taken in conjunction with the engine manufacturer Rolls-Royce plc. A380s powered by
Engine Alliance GP7000 were unaffected but operators of Rolls-Royce Trent 900-powered A380s were affected. Investigators determined that an oil leak, caused by a
defective oil supply pipe, led to an engine fire and subsequent uncontained engine failure.[367] Repairs cost an estimated A$139 million (~US$145M).[368] As other Rolls-
Royce Trent 900 engines also showed problems with the same oil leak, Rolls-Royce ordered many engines to be changed, including about half of the engines in the Qantas
A380 fleet.[369]
During the airplane's repair, cracks were discovered in wing structural fittings which also resulted in mandatory inspections of all A380s and subsequent design
changes.[132]
On 30 September 2017, Air France Flight 66, an Engine Alliance GP7270 powered Airbus A380, registration F-HPJE, suffered an apparent uncontained engine failure while
operating from Paris Charles de Gaulle Airport to Los Angeles International Airport.[370] The aircraft safely diverted to CFB Goose Bay, Canada.[371]
Specifications
Variant A380-800[236]
Cockpit crew Two
Seating 575 Typical, 853 Max[372]

555: 22F + 96J + 437Y
Exit limit 868: 538 lower + 330 upper deck[148]
Cargo 175.2 m3 (6,190 cu ft)

Length 72.72 m (238 ft 7 in)
Wingspan 79.75 m (261 ft 8 in)
Height 24.09 m (79 ft 0 in)
Width: 7.14 m (23 ft 5 in)
Fuselage
Height: 8.41 m (27 ft 7 in)
6.50 m (21 ft 4 in) main deck
Cabin width[373]
5.80 m (19 ft 0 in) upper deck
49.9 m (163 ft 9 in) main deck
Cabin length[373]
44.93 m (147 ft 5 in) upper deck
Wing[374] 845 m2 (9,100 sq ft), AR 7.53, sweep 33.5°

MTOW 575 t (1,268,000 lb)
OEW 277 t (611,000 lb)
Max. payload 84 t (185,000 lb)
Fuel capacity 253 983 kg / 559 937 lb[236]

Engines (4 ×) GP7200 / Trent 900
Thrust (4 ×) 332.44–356.81 kN (74,740–80,210 lbf)[148]
MMo[373] Mach 0.89 (945 km/h; 511 kn)[a]
Cruise speed Mach 0.85 (903 km/h; 488 kn)[160]

Landing speed 138 kn (256 km/h)
Takeoff (MTOW, SL, ISA) 3,000 m (9,800 ft)
Range 14,800 km / 8,000 nmi[372] Layout of A380-800, 519 seat

Service ceiling 13,100 m (43,000 ft)[376] configuration (331 lower, 188 upper)
type certificate[148]
Variant Certification Engine Thrust
A380-841 12 December 2006 Trent 970-84/970B-84 348.31 kN
A380-842 12 December 2006 Trent 972-84/972B-84 356.81 kN
A380-861 14 December 2007 Engine Alliance GP7270 332.44 kN
See also
Competition between Airbus and Boeing
List of megaprojects
Related development
Airbus A350 XWB

Aircraft of comparable role, configuration and era
Boeing 747-8
Related lists
List of jet airliners

List of aerospace megaprojects
Comparison between
List of Airbus A380 orders and deliveries four of the largest
Seat configurations of Airbus A380 aircraft:
Hughes H-4
Hercules
Antonov An-225
Mriya
Airbus A380-800
Boeing 747-8
References
a. Max. design speed: Mach 0.96 (1,020 km/h; 551 kn) in dive at cruise altitude[375]
1. Final assembly in France 25. Cannegieter, Roger. "Long Range vs. Ultra High Capacity" (https://web.archive.org/
2. Orders & Deliveries summary (http://www.aircraft.airbus.com/market/orders-deliveri web/20111124091229/http://www.aerlines.nl/issue_31/31_Cannegieter_Ranging_C
es/). Airbus, 31 August, 2018. apabilities.pdf) (PDF). aerlines.nl. Archived from the original (http://www.aerlines.nl/i
ssue_31/31_Cannegieter_Ranging_Capabilities.pdf) (PDF) on 24 November 2011.
3. Alan Tovey (18 January 2015). "Is Airbus's A380 a 'superjumbo' with a future or an
Retrieved 30 December 2011.
aerospace white elephant?" (https://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/ind
ustry/engineering/11353508/Is-Airbuss-A380-a-superjumbo-with-a-future-or-an-aer 26. Scott Babka (5 September 2006). "EADS: the A380 Debate" (https://www.research
ospace-white-elephant.html). The Telegraph. gate.net/profile/Philip_Lawrence3/publication/283720958_The_A380_debate/links/5
644c5be08aef646e6cbd6e2/The-A380-debate.pdf) (PDF). Morgan Stanley.
4. Christopher Jasper and Andrea Rothman (12 July 2016). "Airbus A380 Cut May
Mark Beginning of End for Superjumbo" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/ 27. Lawler, Anthony (4 April 2006). "Point-To-Point, Hub-To-Hub: the need for an A380
2016-07-12/airbus-plans-to-cut-annual-a380-deliveries-to-12-as-of-2018). size aircraft" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110723180709/http://www.leeham.net/f
Bloomberg. ilelib/A380_Lawler.pdf) (PDF). Leeham.net. Archived from the original (http://www.le
eham.net/filelib/A380_Lawler.pdf) (PDF) on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 9 April 2010.
5. "AIRBUS AIRCRAFT 2018 AVERAGE LIST PRICES* (USD millions)" (http://www.ai
rbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/Airbus-Comme 28. Pae, Peter (20 December 2000). "Airbus Giant-Jet Gamble OKd in Challenge to
rcial-Aircraft-list-prices-2018.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. 15 January 2018. Retrieved Boeing" (http://articles.latimes.com/2000/dec/20/news/mn-2453). Los Angeles
15 January 2018. Times. ISSN 0458-3035 (https://www.worldcat.org/issn/0458-3035). Retrieved
30 December 2011.
6. How EADS Became Airbus (https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014240527023033
70904579298443216948558) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201606170334 29. "The Casino in the Sky" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121105114815/http://www.
18/http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB100014240527023033709045792984432169485 wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2000/12/40748). Wired. Associated Press. 19
58) 17 June 2016 at the Wayback Machine. December 2000. Archived from the original (https://www.wired.com/science/discove
ries/news/2000/12/40748) on 5 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
7. Airbus Industrie (http://www.britannica.com/topic/Airbus-Industrie) Archived (https://
web.archive.org/web/20161011214535/http://www.britannica.com/topic/Airbus-Indu 30. "Airbus jumbo on runway" (http://money.cnn.com/2000/12/19/europe/airbus/). CNN.
strie) 11 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine. at britannica.com 19 December 2000. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
8. "Airbus A380 Facts & Figures" (https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topi 31. "Virgin orders six A3XX aircraft, allowing Airbus to meet its goal" (https://www.wsj.c
cs/publications/backgrounders/Backgrounder-Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-A380-Fac om/articles/SB976882107200789994?mod=googlewsj). The Wall Street Journal. 15
ts-and-Figures-EN.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. June 2018. December 2000. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
9. Kingsley-Jones, Max (17 February 2006). "Boeing's 747-8 vs. A380: A titanic 32. "Skylon Assessment Report" (http://ukspaceagency.bis.gov.uk/assets/ukspaceagen
tussle" (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/boeings-747-8-vs-a380-a-titanic-tu cy/docs/skylon-assessment-report-pub.pdf) (PDF). UK Space Agency. April 2011.
ssle-205137/). Flight International. Retrieved 25 September 2013. p. 18. Retrieved 26 April 2015.
10. Norris, 2005. p. 7 33. Yann Philippin (7 May 2012). "Airbus encaisse les coûts de l'A380" (http://www.liber
ation.fr/futurs/2012/05/07/airbus-encaisse-les-couts-de-l-a380_817119). Libération
11. "MDC brochures for undeveloped versions of the MD-11 and MD-12" (http://md-elev
(in French).
en.net/MD11-MD12-undeveloped-models). md-eleven.net. Retrieved 30 December
2011. 34. Bloomberg (13 December 2004). "Airbus Says Its A380 Jet Is Over Budget" (https://
www.nytimes.com/2004/12/13/business/airbus-says-its-a380-jet-is-over-budget.htm
12. "McDonnell Douglas Unveils New MD-XX Trijet Design" (https://web.archive.org/we
l). The New York Times.
b/20111106191654/http://www.boeing.com/news/releases/mdc/96-221.html).
McDonnell Douglas. 4 September 1996. Archived from the original (http://www.boei 35. Karl West (28 December 2014). "Airbus's Flagship Plane May Be Too Big To Be
ng.com/news/releases/mdc/96-221.html) on 6 November 2011. Retrieved Profitable" (http://www.businessinsider.com/airbuss-flagship-plane-may-be-too-big-t
30 December 2011. o-be-profitable-2014-12). The Guardian. Business Insider.
13. Norris, 2005. pp. 16–17 36. Andrew Stevens and Jethro Mullen (17 February 2016). "Airbus CEO upbeat on
future of A380 after new orders" (http://money.cnn.com/2016/02/17/news/companie
14. Norris, 2005. pp. 17–18
s/airbus-ceo-a380-future/). CNNMoney.
15. Norris, 2005. p. 31
37. Richard Aboulafia (6 June 2016). "Airbus A380: The Death Watch Begin" (https://w
16. Norris, Guy (14 June 2005). "Creating A Titan" (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/art ww.forbes.com/sites/richardaboulafia/2016/06/06/airbus-a380-the-final-
icles/creating-a-titan-199071/). Flight International. Retrieved 30 December 2011. countdown/). Forbes.
17. "Boeing, partners expected to scrap Super-Jet study" (http://articles.latimes.com/19 38. Benjamin D Katz (23 Feb 2018). "Airbus Super-Jumbo Sheds Financial Weight in
95-07-10/business/fi-22333_1_jumbo-jet). Los Angeles Times. 10 July 1995. New State Aid Deal" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-02-23/airbus-
Retrieved 30 December 2011. sheds-1-4-billion-owed-to-countries-in-new-a380-aid-deal). Bloomberg.
18. Bowen, David (4 June 1994). "Airbus will reveal plan for super-jumbo: Aircraft 39. Morales, Jesus. "Archived copy" (http://www.akl.tu-darmstadt.de/media/arbeitskreis
would seat at least 600 people and cost dollars 8bn to develop" (https://www.indepe _luftverkehr/downloads_6/kolloquien/13kolloquium/05druckvorlage_morales.pdf)
ndent.co.uk/news/business/airbus-will-reveal-plan-for-superjumbo-aircraft-would-se (PDF). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20131017005137/http://www.akl.tu-da
at-at-least-600-people-and-cost-dollars-8bn-to-develop-1420367.html). The rmstadt.de/media/arbeitskreis_luftverkehr/downloads_6/kolloquien/13kolloquium/05
Independent. UK. Retrieved 30 December 2011. druckvorlage_morales.pdf) (PDF) from the original on 17 October 2013. Retrieved
19. Sweetman, Bill (1 October 1994). "Airbus hits the road with A3XX" (http://www.high 7 February 2016. "The A380 Transport Project and Logistics – Assessment of
beam.com/doc/1G1-16444324.html). Interavia Business & Technology. Retrieved alternatives", p. 19, Airbus, 18 January 2006. Retrieved 15 April 2012.
30 December 2011. 40. "Airbus delivers first A380 fuselage section from Spain" (http://www.airbus.com/pres
20. Norris, Guy; Mark Wagner (2005). Airbus A380: Superjumbo of the 21st Century. scentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/airbus-delivers-first-a380-fuselage
Zenith Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-2218-5. -section-from-spain/). Airbus. 6 November 2003. Retrieved 1 July 2011.
21. "Aviation giants have Super-jumbo task" (https://pqasb.pqarchiver.com/orlandosenti 41. "Planes that changed the World, Episode #3: A380 Superjumbo" (http://www.smiths
nel/access/77995305.html?dids=77995305:77995305&FMT=ABS&FMTS=ABS:FT onianchannel.com/shows/planes-that-changed-the-world/a380-superjumbo/100370
&type=current&date=Nov+27%2C+1994&author=Karen+West+Seattle+Post-Intellig 7/3417629) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161107021700/http://www.smit
encer&pub=Orlando+Sentinel&desc=AVIATION+GIANTS+HAVE+SUPER-JUMBO+ hsonianchannel.com/shows/planes-that-changed-the-world/a380-superjumbo/1003
TASK+ENORMOUS+COMMERCIAL+JET+JUST+PAPER+AIRPLANE+FOR+NOW 707/3417629) 7 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Smithsonian Channel
&pqatl=google). Orlando Sentinel. 27 November 1994. Retrieved 30 December 42. "Convoi Exceptionnel". Airliner World. Key Publishing Ltd. May 2009.
2011.
43. "A380: topping out ceremony in the equipment hall. A380: special transport ship in
22. Norris, Guy (10 September 1997). "Boeing looks again at plans for NLA" (https://we Hamburg for the first time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080312222417/http://ww
b.archive.org/web/20110601074352/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1997/09/10/ w.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/10_jun_04_toppin
20640/boeing-looks-again-at-plans-for-nla.html). Flight International. Archived from g_out_ceremony.html). Airbus Press Centre. 10 June 2004. Archived from the
the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/1997/09/10/20640/boeing-looks-ag original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/
ain-at-plans-for-nla.html) on 1 June 2011. Retrieved 6 March 2012. 10_jun_04_topping_out_ceremony.html) on 12 March 2008. Retrieved 19 June
23. "Superjumbo or white elephant?" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121102135556/htt 2009.
p://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/superjumbo-or-white-elephant-16420/). 44. "Towards Toulouse" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121111134626/http://www.flight
Flight International. 1 August 1995. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglob global.com/news/articles/towards%2Btoulouse-165712/). Flight International. 20
al.com/news/articles/superjumbo-or-white-elephant-16420/) on 2 November 2012. May 2003. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/tow
Retrieved 30 December 2011. ards+toulouse-165712/) on 11 November 2012. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
24. Harrison, Michael (23 October 1996). "Lehman puts $18bn price tag on Airbus 45. "A380 convoys" (http://www.igg.fr/). IGG.FR. 28 October 2007. Retrieved
float" (https://www.independent.co.uk/news/business/lehman-puts-18bn-price-tag-o 30 December 2011.
n-airbus-float-1359754.html). The Independent. UK. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
46. Kingsley-Jones, Max (20 December 2005). "A380 powers on through flight-test" (htt 63. "FAA Type Certificate Data Sheet NO.A58NM Rev 2" (http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_
ps://web.archive.org/web/20070930043200/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/200 and_Guidance_Library%5CrgMakeModel.nsf/0/159B44F68212A2FE862573B7005
5/12/20/203708/a380-powers-on-through-flight-test.html). Flight International. 6D374/$FILE/A58NM.pdf) (PDF). FAA. 14 December 2007. Retrieved
Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2005/12/20/203708/a 30 December 2011.
380-powers-on-through-flight-test.html) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 64. "Doc 8643 – Edition 40, Part1-By Manufacturer (http://cfapp.icao.int/Doc8643/report
30 December 2011. s/Part1-By%20Manufacturer%20(Encode).pdf) Archived (https://web.archive.org/we
47. Madslien, Jorn (18 January 2005). "Giant plane a testimony to 'old Europe' " (http:// b/20160305024019/http://cfapp.icao.int/Doc8643/reports/Part1-By%20Manufacture
news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/4184987.stm). BBC News. Retrieved 30 December r%20%28Encode%29.pdf) 5 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine." page 1-8.
2011. International Civil Aviation Organization, 30 March 2012. Retrieved 29 September
48. "A380, the 21st century flagship, successfully completes its first flight" (http://www.a 2012.
irbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/a380-the-21st-century-flagship-su 65. Heinen, Mario (19 October 2006). "The A380 programme" (https://web.archive.org/
ccessfully-completes-its-first-flight/). Airbus. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 7 June 2011. web/20061103062416/http://www.eads.com/xml/content/OF00000000400004/0/74/
49. Sparaco, Pierre. "A titan takes off (http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationweek.c 41485740.pdf) (PDF). EADS. Archived from the original (http://www.eads.com/xml/c
om/files/uploads/2015/03/2005-%20A380%20First%20Flight.pdf) Archived (https:// ontent/OF00000000400004/0/74/41485740.pdf) (PDF) on 3 November 2006.
web.archive.org/web/20160303192900/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviationwe Retrieved 19 October 2006.
ek.com/files/uploads/2015/03/2005-%20A380%20First%20Flight.pdf) 3 March 2016 66. Kingsley-Jones, Max (18 July 2006). "The race to rewire the Airbus A380" (https://w
at the Wayback Machine." Aviation Week & Space Technology, May 2005. [1] (http eb.archive.org/web/20071012015906/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/07/1
s://web.archive.org/web/20150424204429/http://aviationweek.com/site-files/aviation 8/207894/farnborough-first-news-the-race-to-rewire-the-airbus.html). Flight
week.com/files/uploads/2015/03/2005-%20A380%20First%20Flight.pdf) Archive International. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/0
50. "It flies! But will it sell? Airbus A380 makes maiden flight, but commercial doubts 7/18/207894/farnborough-first-news-the-race-to-rewire-the-airbus.html) on 12
remain" (http://nl.newsbank.com/nl-search/we/Archives?p_product=NewsLibrary&p October 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
_multi=APAB&d_place=APAB&p_theme=newslibrary2&p_action=search&p_maxdo 67. Clark, Nicola (6 November 2006). "The Airbus saga: Crossed wires and a
cs=200&p_topdoc=1&p_text_direct-0=10A0DDB8B4BCA1FB&p_field_direct-0=doc multibillion-euro delay" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/11/business/worldbusine
ument_id&p_perpage=10&p_sort=YMD_date:D&s_trackval=GooglePM). ss/11iht-airbus.3860198.html?pagewanted=5&_r=1). International Herald Tribune.
Associated Press. 27 April 2005. Retrieved 30 December 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
51. "Airbus 380 conducts test flights in Addis Ababa" (https://archive.is/2015022709111 68. Kenneth Wong (6 December 2006). "What Grounded the Airbus A380?" (https://we
8/http://www.ethiopiainvestor.com/index.php?view=article&catid=69:archives&id=93 b.archive.org/web/20090826172720/http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/product-design/w
1:airbus-380-conducts-test-flights-in-addis-ababa&tmpl=component&print=1&page= hat-grounded-airbus-a380-10903). Cadalyst Manufacturing. Archived from the
&option=com_content&Itemid=88). Ethiopian Reporter. 21 November 2009. original (http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/product-design/what-grounded-airbus-a380-1
Archived from the original (http://www.ethiopiainvestor.com/index.php?view=article& 0903) on 26 August 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
catid=69%3Aarchives&id=931%3Aairbus-380-conducts-test-flights-in-addis-ababa& 69. Crane, Mary (6 June 2006). "Major turbulence for EADS on A380 delay" (https://we
tmpl=component&print=1&page=&option=com_content&Itemid=88) on 27 February b.archive.org/web/20100812225215/http://www.forbes.com/2006/06/14/airbus-eads
2015. Retrieved 30 December 2011. -boeing-614markets12.html). Forbes. Archived from the original (https://www.forbe
52. "Airbus tests A380 jet in extreme cold of Canada" (http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/11 s.com/2006/06/14/airbus-eads-boeing-614markets12.html) on 12 August 2010.
236081/). MSNBC. 8 February 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
53. "Airbus to reinforce part of A380 wing after March static test rupture" (https://web.ar 70. Clark, Nicola (5 June 2006). "Airbus delay on giant jet sends shares plummeting" (h
chive.org/web/20080415145147/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/05/23/206 ttps://www.nytimes.com/2006/06/15/business/15airbus.html). International Herald
797/airbus-to-reinforce-part-of-a380-wing-after-march-static-test.html). Flight Tribune. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
International. 23 May 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/a 71. Clark, Nicola (4 September 2006). "Airbus replaces chief of jumbo jet project" (http
rticles/2006/05/23/206797/airbus-to-reinforce-part-of-a380-wing-after-march-static-t s://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/04/business/worldbusiness/04iht-airbus.2693593.ht
est.html) on 15 April 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2011. ml). International Herald Tribune. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
54. Daly, Kieran (6 April 2006). "Airbus A380 evacuation trial full report: everyone off in 72. "Airbus confirms further A380 delay and launches company restructuring plan" (http
time" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080621142039/http://www.flightglobal.com/arti s://web.archive.org/web/20061014212600/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pr
cles/2006/04/06/205793/airbus-a380-evacuation-trial-full-report-everyone-off-in.htm essreleases/pressreleases_items/06_10_03_a380_delays_company_restructuring_
l). Flight International. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/Article plan.html). Airbus. 3 October 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.co
s/2006/04/06/Navigation/177/205793/Airbus+A380+evacuation+trial+full+report+ev m/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/06_10_03_a380_delays_co
eryone+off+in.html) on 21 June 2008. Retrieved 16 September 2006. mpany_restructuring_plan.html) on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 3 October 2006.
55. "Airbus infrared video (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZlhDochDWJ8) 73. Robertson, David (3 October 2006). "Airbus will lose €4.8bn because of A380
Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160930062848/https://www.youtube.com/ delays" (http://business.timesonline.co.uk/article/0,,9077-2387999,00.html). The
watch?v=ZlhDochDWJ8) 30 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine." 7 April Times. UK. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
2011. 74. "A380 Freighter delayed as Emirates switches orders" (http://business.highbeam.co
56. "Pictures: Airbus A380 clears European and US certification hurdles for evacuation m/411058/article-1G1-145831136/a380-freighter-delayed-emirates-switches-
trial" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071012015857/http://www.flightglobal.com/arti orders). Flight International. 16 May 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
cles/2006/03/29/205739/pictures-airbus-a380-clears-european-and-us-certification- 75. Quentin Wilber, Dell (8 November 2006). "Airbus bust, Boeing boost" (https://www.
hurdles-for-evacuation.html). Flight International. 29 March 2006. Archived from the washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/11/07/AR2006110701506.html).
original (http://www.flightglobal.com/Articles/2006/03/29/Navigation/177/205739/Pict The Washington Post. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
ures+Airbus+A380+clears+European+and+US+certification+hurdles+for+evacuatio
76. Carter Dougherty, Leslie Wayne (8 November 2006). "FedEx Rescinds Order for
n.html) on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 16 September 2006.
Airbus A380s" (https://www.nytimes.com/2006/11/08/business/worldbusiness/08airb
57. "GE joint venture engines tested on Airbus A380" (http://www.bizjournals.com/cinci us.html). The New York Times. Frankfurt. Retrieved 8 June 2015.
nnati/stories/2006/08/21/daily47.html). Business Courier. 25 August 2006.
77. Clark, Nicola (2 March 2007). "UPS cancels Airbus A380 order" (https://www.nytime
s.com/2007/03/02/business/worldbusiness/02iht-web.0302-airbusclark.4776607.ht
58. "Airbus test flight with engine alliance engine a success" (http://aviation.bernama.co ml). The New York Times. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
m/news.php?id=216600&lang=en). PR Newswire. 28 August 2006. Retrieved
78. "ILFC to defer its Airbus A380 order until at least 2013, ditching freighter variants
1 November 2012.
for passenger configuration" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071012135944/http://w
59. "Airbus A380 completes test flight" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/business/5312020.st ww.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/12/04/210965/ilfc-to-defer-its-airbus-a380-order-u
m). BBC News. 4 September 2006. Retrieved 30 December 2011. ntil-at-least-2013-ditching-freighter-variants-for-passenger.html). Flight
60. Ramel, Gilles (11 November 2006). "Airbus A380 jets off for tests in Asia from the International. 4 December 2006. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.c
eye of a storm" (https://www.usatoday.com/travel/flights/2006-11-09-airbus-asia-test om/articles/2006/12/04/210965/ilfc-to-defer-its-airbus-a380-order-until-at-least-2013
_x.htm). USA Today. Retrieved 30 December 2011. -ditching-freighter-variants-for-passenger.html) on 12 October 2007. Retrieved
61. Whelan, Ian. "Long-serving Flight Test Aircraft Play Different Roles (http://www.aino 30 December 2011.
nline.com/aviation-news/air-transport/2014-08-21/long-serving-flight-test-aircraft-pla 79. "Airbus says A380F development 'interrupted' " (https://web.archive.org/web/20070
y-different-roles)" AINonline, 21 August 2014. Retrieved 4 September 2014. Video 930055358/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/03/05/212437/airbus-says-a38
(https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkPVsToMG3s) Archived (https://web.archi 0f-development-interrupted-by-ups-cancellation-but-still-on.html). Flight
ve.org/web/20160809200236/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VkPVsToMG3s) 9 International. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/0
August 2016 at the Wayback Machine. 3/05/212437/airbus-says-a380f-development-interrupted-by-ups-cancellation-but-sti
62. "EASA Type-Certificate Data Sheet TCDS A.110 Issue 03" (https://www.webcitatio ll-on.html) on 30 September 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
n.org/5l7zr26Bn?url=http://www.easa.europa.eu/ws_prod/c/doc/Design_Appro/Aircr 80. "Airbus has no timeline on the A380 freighter" (https://web.archive.org/web/200803
afts/TCDS%20EASA.A.110%20Airbus%20A380%20Iss%203%20%2814%20Dec% 14184554/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/11/222139/airbus-has-no-tim
2007%29.pdf) (PDF). EASA. 14 December 2007. Archived from the original (http:// eline-on-the-a380-freighter.html). Flight International. Archived from the original (htt
www.easa.europa.eu/ws_prod/c/doc/Design_Appro/Aircrafts/TCDS%20EASA.A.11 p://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/03/11/222139/airbus-has-no-timeline-on-the-
0%20Airbus%20A380%20Iss%203%20(14%20Dec%2007).pdf) (PDF) on 8 a380-freighter.html) on 14 March 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
November 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
81. "Emirates Airlines reaffirms commitment to A380 and orders additional four" (https:// 100. "Airbus reports Half-Year (H1) 2017 results" (http://www.airbus.com/newsroom/pres
web.archive.org/web/20071223042521/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/press s-releases/en/2017/07/H12017.html) (Press release). Airbus. 27 July 2017.
releases/pressreleases_items/07_05_07_Emirates_additional_A380s.html). Airbus. 101. Michael Gubisch (3 November 2017). " 'We will still produce A380s in 10 years':
Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pre Airbus chief" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/we-will-still-produce-a380s-
ssreleases_items/07_05_07_Emirates_additional_A380s.html) on 23 December in-10-years-airbus-ch-442865/). Flightglobal.
2007. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
102. Jens Flottau (14 November 2017). "Emirates Dismisses A380plus Concept As
82. "Singapore Airlines boosts Airbus fleet with additional A380 orders" (https://web.arc Negotiations Continue" (http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/emirates-dism
hive.org/web/20071228102408/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressrelease isses-a380plus-concept-negotiations-continue). Aviation Week.
s/pressreleases_items/06_12_20_Singapore_additional_A380s.html). Airbus.
103. Tim Hepher (11 December 2017). "Airbus may cut A380 production to six planes a
Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pre
year" (https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-airbus-a380/airbus-may-cut-a380-production
ssreleases_items/06_12_20_Singapore_additional_A380s.html) on 28 December
-to-six-planes-a-year-sources-idUKKBN1E51VH). Reuters.
2007. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
104. Tim Hepher (27 December 2017). "Airbus ready to phase out A380 if fails to win
83. "Qantas signs firm order for eight additional A380s" (https://web.archive.org/web/20
Emirates deal: sources" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-airbus-a380/airbus-read
080420065300/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases
y-to-phase-out-a380-if-fails-to-win-emirates-deal-sources-idUSKBN1EL11L).
_items/06_12_21_qantas_8_more_a380.html). Airbus. Archived from the original (h
Reuters.
ttp://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/06_12_21
_qantas_8_more_a380.html) on 20 April 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009. 105. Ania Nussbaum and Benjamin D Katz (8 January 2018). "Airbus Offers China
Production Role on A380 to Attract New Order" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/
84. "Air France to order two additional A380s and 18 A320 Family aircraft" (http://www.
articles/2018-01-08/airbus-is-said-to-offer-china-work-on-a380-to-attract-new-order
airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/detail/air-france-to-order-two-additional
s). Bloomberg.
-a380s-and-18-a320-family-aircraft/). Airbus. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
106. "A380s in the China, the world's largest market. Is there a place for the world's
85. "Qatar Airways confirms order for 80 A350 XWBs and adds three A380s" (https://w
largest aircraft?" (https://centreforaviation.com/insights/analysis/a380s-in-the-china-
eb.archive.org/web/20080622022241/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressr
the-worlds-largest-market-is-there-a-place-for-the-worlds-largest-aircraft-392569).
eleases/pressreleases_items/07_06_18_qatar_A350_A380.html). Airbus. Archived
CAPA – Centre for Aviation. 11 January 2018.
from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressrelease
s_items/07_06_18_qatar_A350_A380.html) on 22 June 2008. Retrieved 107. Michael Gubisch (16 February 2018). "A380 production will create 'digestible'
25 October 2009. losses: Airbus" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a380-production-will-cre
ate-digestible-losses-air-445983/). Flightglobal.
86. "Korean Air expands A380 aircraft order" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008080217
2820/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08 108. "BBC Two: 'How to build a superjumbo wing' " (http://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b
_02_19_a380_korean_air.html). Airbus. Archived from the original (http://www.airbu 017ld03). BBC. 23 November 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
s.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08_02_19_a380_korean 109. "Singapore Airlines – Our History" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130209040833/ht
_air.html) on 2 August 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009. tp://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/about-us/sia-history/). Singapore Airlines. 1
87. Pae, Peter (18 January 2009). "Airbus could build next Air Force One; 747 due to November 2012. Archived from the original (http://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/ab
be replaced" (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/boeingaerospace/2008641936 out-us/sia-history/) on 9 February 2013. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
_airforceone18.html). The Seattle Times. 110. "A380 superjumbo lands in Sydney" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/706116
88. "US considers Airbus A380 as Air Force One and potentially a C-5 replacement" (ht 4.stm). BBC. 25 October 2007. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
tps://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/exclusive-us-considers-airbus-a380-as-air-f 111. "SIA's Chew: A380 pleases, Virgin Atlantic disappoints" (https://web.archive.org/we
orce-one-and-potentially-a-c-5-replacement-218681/). Flight International. 17 b/20071215175343/http://www.atwonline.com/news/story.html?storyID=11132).
October 2007. ATW Online. 13 December 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.atwonline.c
89. "EADS waves off bid for Air Force One replacement" (https://web.archive.org/web/2 om/news/story.html?storyID=11132) on 15 December 2007. Retrieved
0090203072242/http://flightglobal.com/articles/2009/01/28/321709/eads-waves-off- 13 December 2007.
bid-for-air-force-one-replacement.html). Flight International. 28 January 2009. 112. Flottau, Jens (21 November 2012). "Emirates A350-1000 Order 'In Limbo' " (http://a
Archived from the original (http://flightglobal.com/articles/2009/01/28/321709/eads- viationweek.com/awin-featured-story/emirates-a350-1000-order-limbo). Aviation
waves-off-bid-for-air-force-one-replacement.html) on 3 February 2009. Week & Space Technology. Retrieved 22 November 2012. "Clark points out that
90. "A380 production ramp-up revisited" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008051701042 "the faster you fly [the A380], the more fuel-efficient she gets; when you fly at
8/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/08_05 [Mach] 0.86 she is better than at 0.83.""
_13_A380_ramp_up_revisited.html). Airbus. 13 May 2008. Archived from the 113. ""Archived copy" (http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-
original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/ A380-In-Service-Technical-issues/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2015070
08_05_13_A380_ramp_up_revisited.html) on 17 May 2008. Retrieved 6100612/http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-A380-In-
30 December 2011. Service-Technical-issues/) from the original on 6 July 2015. Retrieved 19 June
91. "Airbus Expects Sharp Order Drop in 2009" (http://aviationweek.com/awin/airbus-ex 2014. Technical Issues", Flightglobal, undated. Retrieved 20 June 2014.
pects-sharp-order-drop-2009). Aviation Week & Space Technology. 15 January 114. "Emirates A380 arrives in New York!" (http://www.gadling.com/2008/08/03/emirates-
2009. Retrieved 30 December 2011. a380-arrives-in-new-york/). 3 August 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
92. Rothman, Andrea (30 December 2009). "Airbus Fell Short with 10 A380s in 2009" 115. "Emirates A380 Lands at New York's JFK" (http://news.airwise.com/story/view/1217
(https://web.archive.org/web/20110416030634/http://www.businessweek.com/globa 629915.html). 1 August 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
lbiz/content/dec2009/gb20091230_002813.htm). Business Week. Archived from the 116. "Qantas A380 arrives in LA after maiden flight" (http://www.theage.com.au/articles/2
original (http://www.businessweek.com/globalbiz/content/dec2009/gb20091230_00 008/10/21/1224351190665.html). The Age. Australia. 21 October 2008. Retrieved
2813.htm) on 16 April 2011. Retrieved 30 December 2011. 30 December 2011.
93. Rothman, Andrea (17 January 2011). "Airbus Beats Boeing on 2010 Orders, 117. "Airbus narrowly meets delivery target of 12 A380s in 2008" (https://web.archive.or
Deliveries as Demand Recovery Kicks In" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2011- g/web/20090215030049/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/12/30/320564/air
01-17/airbus-topped-boeing-on-orders-deliveries-last-year-as-demand-rebounded.h bus-narrowly-meets-delivery-target-of-12-a380s-in.html). Flight International. 30
tml). Bloomberg L.P. Retrieved 30 December 2011. December 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/200
94. Daniel Michaels (13 July 2012). "Airbus Wants A380 Cost Cuts" (https://www.wsj.co 8/12/30/320564/airbus-narrowly-meets-delivery-target-of-12-a380s-in.html) on 15
m/articles/SB10001424052702303644004577522643299354320). The Wall Street February 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
Journal. 118. "Singapore Airlines celebrates its first millionth A380 passenger" (http://www.webwir
95. "Airbus slashes production of A380 superjumbo" (http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/5418e0 e.com/ViewPressRel.asp?aId=87805). WebWire. 19 February 2009. Retrieved
ce-484f-11e6-8d68-72e9211e86ab.html). Financial Times. 12 July 2016. 30 December 2011.
96. "Airbus A380 Cut May Mark Beginning of End for Superjumbo" (https://www.bloomb 119. "Airbus A380: Mehr als 1,5 Millionen Passagiere" (https://web.archive.org/web/2012
erg.com/news/articles/2016-07-12/airbus-plans-to-cut-annual-a380-deliveries-to-12- 0902190617/http://www.flugrevue.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/fluggeraete/airbus-a380-mehr-
as-of-2018). 12 July 2016. als-15-millionen-passagiere.10409.htm). FlugRevue. 11 May 2009. Archived from
97. NY Times: Airbus Cuts Delivery Goal for A380 Jumbo Jets (https://www.nytimes.co the original (http://www.flugrevue.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/fluggeraete/airbus-a380-mehr-a
m/2016/07/13/business/international/airbus-cuts-delivery-goal-for-a380-jumbo-jets. ls-15-millionen-passagiere.10409.htm) on 2 September 2012. Retrieved 7 February
html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160916103955/http://www.nytimes.c 2016.
om/2016/07/13/business/international/airbus-cuts-delivery-goal-for-a380-jumbo-jet 120. Michaels, Daniel (30 October 2009). "Strong Euro Weighs on Airbus, Suppliers" (htt
s.html) 16 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine. ps://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748704317704574503291415066898?
98. WSJ: Airbus Cuts A380 Production Plans (https://www.wsj.com/articles/airbus-cuts- mod=googlenews_wsj). The Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
a380-production-plans-1468344670) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/201610 121. "Air France set to get Europe's first A380 superjumbo" (http://news.ph.msn.com/bus
10190611/http://www.wsj.com/articles/airbus-cuts-a380-production-plans-14683446 iness/article.aspx?cp-documentid=3678311). MSN News. 30 October 2009.
70) 10 October 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
99. Jens Flottau (5 June 2017). "Airbus confirms more A380 production cuts" (http://atw
online.com/manufacturers/airbus-confirms-more-a380-production-cuts). Aviation
Week Network.
122. "Lufthansa übernimmt A380 am 19. Mai – Trainingsflüge in ganz Deutschland" (http 145. Martin, Mike (18 June 2007). "Honey, I shrunk the A380!" (http://www.flightglobal.co
s://web.archive.org/web/20110513052533/http://www.flugrevue.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/ai m/articles/2007/06/18/214759/honey-i-shrunk-the-a380.html). Flight International.
rlines-flugbetrieb/lufthansa-uebernimmt-a380-am-19-mai-trainingsfluege-in-ganz-de Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20071012155645/http://www.flightglobal.co
utschland.21022.htm). Flugrevue.de. Archived from the original (http://www.flugrevu m/articles/2007/06/18/214759/honey-i-shrunk-the-a380.html) from the original on
e.de/de/zivilluftfahrt/airlines-flugbetrieb/lufthansa-uebernimmt-a380-am-19-mai-train 12 October 2007. Retrieved 17 September 2007.
ingsfluege-in-ganz-deutschland.21022.htm) on 13 May 2011. Retrieved 3 April 146. "A380 Specifications" (http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a38
2011. 0family/a380-800/specifications/). Airbus. Retrieved 18 June 2009.
123. "Airbus delivers tenth A380 in 2010" (http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressrelea 147. "The triple-deck cargo hauler" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080822204840/http://
ses/press-release-detail/detail/airbus-delivers-tenth-a380-in-2010/) (Press release). www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/freight.html). Airbus. Archived from the
16 July 2011. Retrieved 7 August 2011. original (http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/freight.html) on 22 August
124. "The A380 global fleet spreads its wings as deliveries hit the 'century mark' " (http:// 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
www.airbus.com/newsroom/news/en/2013/03/the-a380-global-fleet-spreads-its-win 148. "Type Certificate Data Sheet" (https://www.easa.europa.eu/sites/default/files/dfu/TC
gs-as-deliveries-hit-the-century-mark.html). Airbus (Press release). 14 March 2013. DS_EASA%20A%20110_A380_Iss_12.pdf) (PDF). EASA. 27 September 2017.
149. "Thrust advance" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/thrust-advance-16571
125. "Where is the A380 flying?" (http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraf 1/). Flightglobal. 20 May 2003.
t/a380family/a380-routes/). airbus.com. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
150. "Leahy remains steadfast in A380 future" (https://leehamnews.com/2018/02/16/leah
126. Jens Flottau (29 October 2015). "Airbus A380 After Eight Years In Service" (http://a y-remains-steadfast-a380-future/). Leeham. 16 February 2018.
viationweek.com/airbus-a380/report-card-airbus-a380-after-eight-years-service).
151. "Environment" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080703093623/http://a380.lufthansa.
Aviation Week & Space Technology.
com/en/html/technik/umwelt/index.php). Lufthansa A380. Archived from the original
127. "Looking forward (http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus- (http://a380.lufthansa.com/en/html/technik/umwelt/index.php) on 3 July 2008.
A380-In-Service-Report-Looking-forward/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20
152. "JC 2012 WINNERS FINAL 14 Nov 2012" (http://noiseabatementsociety.com/jc-201
141227031733/http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-A3
2-winners-final-14-nov-2012/). Noise Abatement Society. 15 November 2012.
80-In-Service-Report-Looking-forward/) 27 December 2014 at the Wayback
Machine." Flightglobal, undated. Retrieved 20 June 2014. 153. National Air Traffic Services (February 2003). "Review of the Quota Count (QC)
System used for Administering the Night Noise Quotaa at Heathrow, Gatwick and
128. "Airbus poised to start building new higher-weight A380 variant" (http://www.flightgl
Stansted Airports" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070717034806/http://www.dft.go
obal.com/articles/2010/05/18/341926/airbus-poised-to-start-building-new-higher-wei
v.uk/pgr/aviation/environmentalissues/coll_nightnoisequotasatheathrowg/nightnoise
ght-a380.html). Flight International. 18 May 2010. Archived (https://web.archive.org/
quotasprintversion). Archived from the original (http://www.dft.gov.uk/pgr/aviation/en
web/20100521195022/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/05/18/341926/airbu
vironmentalissues/coll_nightnoisequotasatheathrowg/nightnoisequotasprintversion)
s-poised-to-start-building-new-higher-weight-a380.html) from the original on 21 May
on 17 July 2007.
2010. Retrieved 19 May 2010.
154. D. P. Rhodes (10 February 2012). "Noise Data for the First Three Years of
129. "British Airways and Emirates will be first for new longer-range A380" (http://www.fli
Scheduled Airbus A380 Operations at London Heathrow Airport ERCD REPORT
ghtglobal.com/news/articles/british-airways-and-emirates-will-be-first-for-new-longer
1106" (https://web.archive.org/web/20141217012844/http://www.heathrowairport.co
-range-326544/). Flight International. 14 May 2009. Retrieved 14 December 2011.
m/static/Heathrow_Noise/Downloads/PDF/20120411-Final_ERCD_A380_Report_1
130. Hamilton, Scott. "Updating the A380: the prospect of a neo version and what’s 106_2.pdf) (PDF). CAA. Archived from the original on 17 December 2014. "Arrival
involved (http://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a- noise levels are also lower than for the Boeing 747–400, although by less than
neo-version-and-whats-involved/)" Leehamnews.com, 3 February 2014. Retrieved expected in the case of the Rolls Royce powered A380 variant"
21 June 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20140408075935/http://leeha
155. "Airbus A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20140424093538/http://www.caa.co.uk/
mnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prospect-of-a-neo-version-and-what
docs/1357/E0001321ReplyLetter.pdf) (PDF). CAA. 14 May 2012. Archived from the
s-involved/) on 8 April 2014.
original (http://www.caa.co.uk/docs/1357/E0001321ReplyLetter.pdf) (PDF) on 24
131. "Airbus to offer higher-weight A380 from 2013" (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/ar April 2014.
ticles/airbus-to-offer-higher-weight-a380-from-2013-368483/). Flight International.
156. Night Flying Restrictions at Heathrow, Gatwick and Stansted Stage 1 Consultation
20 February 2012. Retrieved 16 October 2013.
(https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/6683
132. "EASA mandates prompt detailed visual inspections of the wings of 20 A380s" (htt 7/consultation-document.pdf) (PDF). UK Department for Transport (Report).
p://www.easa.europa.eu/news.php). EASA. Retrieved 20 January 2012. January 2013. p. 28. "Some of these new aircraft types appear slightly noisier in
133. Hradecky, Simon (21 January 2012). "Airworthiness Directive regarding Airbus operation than their QC classification (A380 with Rolls-Royce Trent 900 engines) ..
A380 wing cracks" (http://avherald.com/h?article=44992a89&opt=0). The Aviation Rolls-Royce is supporting CAA in understanding the relatively high A380/Trent 900
Herald. monitored noise levels"
134. "EASA AD No.:2012-0013" (http://ad.easa.europa.eu/blob/easa_ad_2012_0013.pd 157. Ernest S. Arvai (24 November 2017). "Emirates And The A380" (https://www.airinsi
f/AD_2012-0013_1). EASA. 20 January 2012. Retrieved 22 January 2012. ght.com/emirates-and-the-a380-2/). AirInsight.
135. Rob Waugh (9 January 2012). "World's biggest super-jumbos must be 158. "Designed for increased operational performance" (http://www51.honeywell.com/ae
GROUNDED, say engineers after cracks are found in the wings of three Airbus ro/common/documents/myaerospacecatalog-documents/ATR_Brochures-document
A380s" (http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2084242/Airbus-A380-Worlds-bigge s/A380_Carbenix_A4.pdf) (PDF). Honeywell. November 2007. "Stopping
st-planes-sky-worthy-say-engineers.html). Daily Mail. London. performance eliminates requirements for 2 thrust reversers"
136. "Airbus Adjusts A380 Assembly Process" (http://aviationweek.com/awin/airbus-adju 159. "Airbus ponders A380 thrust reverser options" (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/arti
sts-a380-assembly-process). Aviation Week & Space Technology. 26 January cles/airbus-ponders-a380-thrust-reverser-options-128283/). Flight International. 3
2012. Retrieved 29 January 2012. April 2001.
137. "Airbus to inspect all A380 superjumbos for wing cracks" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/ne 160. Mark Huber (August 2011). "How Things Work: Stopping the A380" (https://web.arc
ws/business-16942361). BBC News. 8 February 2012. Retrieved 8 February 2012. hive.org/web/20140621141726/http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/how-things
138. "A380 Repairs to cost Airbus 105 million pounds" (http://atwonline.com/aircraft-engi -work-stopping-the-a380-27549065/?no-ist). Air & Space magazine. Smithsonian.
nes-components/news/a380-repairs-cost-airbus-105-million-0313). Air Transport Archived from the original (http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/how-things-wor
World. 14 March 2012. Retrieved 5 May 2012. k-stopping-the-a380-27549065/?no-ist) on 21 June 2014.
139. "Air France seeks Airbus compensation for A380 glitches: report" (http://www.defen 161. "Innovative Honeywell helps to curb A380 weight" (https://www.flightglobal.com/new
ceweb.co.za/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=28338:air-france-see s/articles/innovative-honeywell-helps-to-curb-a380-weight-199552/). Flight
ks-airbus-compensation-for-a380-glitches-report&catid=113:international-news&Ite International. 15 June 2005. "Some systems, like the electromagnetic thrust
mid=248). DefenceWeb. 1 November 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013. reversers are a first for a commercial aircraft"
140. "Airbus A380 wing repairs could take up to eight weeks" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/ne 162. Bray, Rob (June 2007). "Supersize Wings" (http://www.ingenia.org.uk/ingenia/article
ws/business-18397398). BBC News. 11 June 2012. Retrieved 2 June 2013. s.aspx?Index=436) (31). Ingenia.
141. "Druckabfall im A380: Airbus muss jede zehnte Tür umbauen" (http://www.spiegel.d 163. Peter M. Burns & Marina Novelli. "Tourism and Mobilities: Local-Global Connections
e/wirtschaft/unternehmen/druckabfall-im-a380-airbus-muss-jede-zehnte-tuer-umrue (https://books.google.com/books?id=2z-qvBYAqoMC)", p. 192. ISBN 1845934040
sten-a-976026.html). Der Spiegel. 18 June 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016. 164. Updating the A380: the prospect of a neo version and what’s involved. Online:
142. "Erhebliche Probleme mit Türen des Airbus A380" (http://www.ndr.de/der_ndr/press "Archived copy" (https://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prosp
e/mitteilungen/Hamburg-Journal-erhebliche-Probleme-mit-Tueren-des-Airbus-A380, ect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/). Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2
pressemeldungndr14366.html). NDR Presse und Information. 18 June 2014. 0160828203924/https://leehamnews.com/2014/02/03/updating-the-a380-the-prosp
Retrieved 24 April 2016. ect-of-a-neo-version-and-whats-involved/) from the original on 28 August 2016.
Retrieved 23 June 2016.
143. "Singapore Airlines A380 plane in emergency landing" (https://www.bbc.com/news/
business-25618122). BBC News. 6 January 2014. Retrieved 24 April 2016. 165. Pang, Damon (4 September 2007). "A380 superjumbo gives thrilling morning air
show" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110629182915/http://www.thestandard.com.h
144. "Airbus A380 Cabin" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090825115419/http://www.airb
k/news_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=52746&sid=15211541&con_type=3). The
us.com/en/aircraftfamilies/passenger_comfort.html). Airbus. Archived from the
Standard. Hong Kong. Archived from the original (http://www.thestandard.com.hk/n
original (http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/passenger_comfort.html) on 25
ews_detail.asp?pp_cat=11&art_id=52746&sid=15211541&con_type=3) on 29 June
August 2009. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
2011.
166. "A380 Superjumbo", A Documentary broadcast on the Smithsonian Channel in the 185. "Networking" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080612223003/http://a380.lufthansa.c
series Planes that changed the world om/en/html/technik/rechenzentrum/index.php). Lufthansa. Archived from the
167. Marks, Paul (29 June 2005). "Aviation – The shape of wings to come" (https://www. original (http://a380.lufthansa.com/en/html/technik/rechenzentrum/index.php) on 12
newscientist.com/article/dn7552-aviation--the-shape-of-wings-to-come.html?full=tru June 2008. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
e). New Scientist. "More than 20% of the A380 is made of lightweight-but-strong 186. Adams, Charlotte (1 July 2002). "Test cards for the Airbus A380" (http://www.aviatio
composite materials, mainly carbon-fibre-reinforced plastic" ntoday.com/av/categories/commercial/12760.html). Aviation Today. Archived (http
168. Roberts, Tony (1 February 2007). "Rapid growth forecast for carbon fibre market" (h s://web.archive.org/web/20071017163646/http://aviationtoday.com/av/categories/co
ttp://www.reinforcedplastics.com/view/1110/rapid-growth-forecast-for-carbon-fibre-m mmercial/12760.html) from the original on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 16 October
arket/). Reinforced Plastics. 2007.
169. Marsh, George (2002). "Composites strengthen aerospace hold" (https://www.scien 187. "Cockpit" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080612232128/http://a380.lufthansa.com/
cedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0034361702801497). Science Direct. en/html/technik/piloten/index.php). Lufthansa. Archived from the original (http://a38
doi:10.1016/S0034-3617(02)80149-7 (https://doi.org/10.1016%2FS0034-3617%280 0.lufthansa.com/en/html/technik/piloten/index.php) on 12 June 2008. Retrieved
2%2980149-7). 25 October 2009.
170. "How to make an elephant fly" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110720062209/http:// 188. O'Connell, Dominic (26 March 2006). "Flying the Airbus giant of the skies" (http://bu
www.scenta.co.uk/travel/technology/cit/1700616/how-to-make-an-elephant-fly.htm). siness.timesonline.co.uk/tol/business/industry_sectors/engineering/article696340.e
Scenta. 31 July 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.scenta.co.uk/travel/tec ce). The Times. UK. Retrieved 26 March 2006.
hnology/cit/1700616/how-to-make-an-elephant-fly.htm) on 20 July 2011. 189. "Barco extends its success in the civil avionics market with new Airbus deal" (http
171. "Thermoplastic composites gain leading edge on the A380" (http://www.composites s://web.archive.org/web/20110716212733/http://www.barco.com/en/pressrelease/1
world.com/articles/thermoplastic-composites-gain-leading-edge-on-the-a380). 509/). Barco. Archived from the original (http://www.barco.com/en/pressrelease/150
Composites World. 3 January 2006. Retrieved 6 March 2012. 9/) on 16 July 2011. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
172. "Coming Soon: The Innovative Airbus A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/2012061 190. "A380 flight deck" (https://web.archive.org/web/20060825173400/http://www.airbus.
4110458/http://www.aviationtoday.com/am/categories/bga/Coming-Soon-The-Innov com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/flight_deck.html). Airbus. Archived from the original (ht
ative-Airbus-A380_206.html). Aviation Today. 1 April 2006. Archived from the tp://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/flight_deck.html) on 25 August 2006.
original (http://www.aviationtoday.com/am/categories/bga/Coming-Soon-The-Innova Retrieved 16 September 2006.
tive-Airbus-A380_206.html) on 14 June 2012. 191. "Flash-based view of A380's cockpit" (http://www.gillesvidal.com/blogpano/cockpit1.
173. Rothman, Andrea (17 July 2004). "Airbus' 'big baby' is too big" (http://www.seattlepi. htm). gillesvidal.com. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20091103040246/htt
com/default/article/Airbus-big-baby-is-too-big-1149552.php). Seattle Post- p://www.gillesvidal.com/blogpano/cockpit1.htm) from the original on 3 November
Intelligencer. Retrieved 2 July 2011. 2009. Retrieved 25 October 2009.
174. Berends, H., van Burg, E., & van Raaij, E. M. (2011). Contacts and contracts: 192. "A350 cockpit borrows A380 innovations" (http://www.alacrastore.com/storecontent/
Cross-level network dynamics in the development of an aircraft material. (https://arc Business-and-Industry/144565420). Air Transport Briefing. 6 March 2006.
hive.is/20150212023138/http://orgsci.journal.informs.org/content/22/4/940.full.pdf+h 193. "Lufthansa Systems database plots route to the paperless cockpit" (http://www.flight
tml) Organization Science, 22(4), 940–960. global.com/news/articles/lufthansa-systems-database-plots-route-to-the-paperless-
175. Van Burg, E., Berends, H., & van Raaij, E. M. (2014). Framing and cockpit-188307/). Flight International. 5 October 2004.
Interorganizational Knowledge Transfer: A Process Study of Collaborative 194. "Advances in more-electric aircraft technologies". Aircraft Engineering and
Innovation in the Aircraft Industry. (http://hdl.handle.net/1871/47108) Journal of Aerospace Technology. Emerald Group. 73 (3). 2001.
Management Studies, 51(3), 349–378. 195. Adams, Charlotte (1 October 2001). "A380: 'more electric' aircraft" (https://web.archi
176. Rötzer, Isolde (1 January 2005). "Laser Beam Welding" (https://web.archive.org/we ve.org/web/20060317013602/http://www.aviationtoday.com/cgi/av/show_mag.cgi?p
b/20060223050545/http://www.fraunhofer.de/fhg/Images/magazine1-2005-36f_tcm ub=av&mon=1001&file=1001a380.htm). Aviation Today. Archived from the original
6-14041.pdf) (PDF). Fraunhofer Society Material and Beam Technology – IWS, (http://www.aviationtoday.com/cgi/av/show_mag.cgi?pub=av&mon=1001&file=1001
Dresden, Germany. Archived from the original (http://www.fraunhofer.de/fhg/Image a380.htm) on 17 March 2006. Retrieved 26 September 2006.
s/magazine1-2005-36f_tcm6-14041.pdf) (PDF) on 23 February 2006. Retrieved 196. Henry, P.J. "A380 pushes 5000 psi into realm of the common man" (http://hydraulics
14 May 2007. pneumatics.com/200/TechZone/HydraulicPumpsM/Article/False/6497/TechZone-Hy
177. Aluminum Alloy Development for the Airbus A380 (http://www.keytometals.com/pag draulicPumpsM). Hydraulics & Pneumatics. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
e.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=ktn&NM=227) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/ 197. Wiebusch, Bruce (8 September 2002). "High pressure, low weight" (https://web.arc
20150317123838/http://www.keytometals.com/page.aspx?ID=CheckArticle&site=kt hive.org/web/20100714021856/http://www.designnews.com/article/65-High_pressur
n&NM=227) 17 March 2015 at the Wayback Machine.. Key to metals e_low_weight.php). Design News. Archived from the original (http://www.designnew
178. Wing error costs 2B kroner (http://www.tu.no/motor/2012/05/31/vingefeil-koster-to- s.com/article/65-High_pressure_low_weight.php) on 14 July 2010.
milliarder) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130527115916/http://www.tu.no/ 198. "Eaton wins hydraulic system contract for A380, $200 million potential for U.S.
motor/2012/05/31/vingefeil-koster-to-milliarder) 27 May 2013 at the Wayback company" (http://www.defense-aerospace.com/articles-view/release/3/6918/eaton-h
Machine. (in Norwegian) Teknisk Ukeblad 31 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012 ydraulic-power-systems-for-a380-%28oct.-12%29.html). Business Wire. 10 October
179. Airbus A380 Wing Flaws May Cost USD$629 Mln (http://news.airwise.com/story/vie 2001.
w/1337912488.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160104221313/http:// 199. "Hydraulic services contract for Airbus A380 wing jigs". Aircraft Engineering and
news.airwise.com/story/view/1337912488.html) 4 January 2016 at the Wayback Aerospace Technology. Emerald Group. 76 (2). 2004.
Machine. Reuters 24 May 2012. Retrieved 1 June 2012
200. "Innovative Variable Frequency Power" (http://www.goodrich.com/portal/site/grcom?
180. "Airbus starts painting first A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080610030512/htt GUID=19187d816707b110VgnVCM10000068f57eaaRCRD). Goodrich. Retrieved
p://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_04_11_ 27 October 2009.
A380_first_paint.html). Airbus. 11 April 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.
201. Adams, Charlotte (1 October 2001). "A380: 'More Electric' Aircraft" (http://www.aviat
airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_04_11_A380_fir
iontoday.com/av/issue/feature/A380-More-Electric-Aircraft_12874.html). Avionics
st_paint.html) on 10 June 2008. Retrieved 30 December 2011.
Magazine.
181. "The Aviation Writer" (http://www.theaviationwriter.com/2013/04/british-airways-airb
202. Airbus A380 Fact sheet (https://web.archive.org/web/20130302205101/http://www.h
us-a380-paint-job.html). Retrieved 15 June 2015.
amiltonsundstrand.com/StaticFiles/HS/Communications/General/Documents/A38
182. "Integrated Modular Avionics: Less is More" (http://www.aviationtoday.com/av/categ 0%20Fact%20Sheet_June%202011.pdf) (PDF). Hamilton and Sundstrand (Report).
ories/commercial/8420.html). Aviation Today. 1 February 2007. "Some believe the Archived from the original (http://www.hamiltonsundstrand.com/StaticFiles/HS/Com
IMA concept originated in the United States with the new F-22 and F-35 fighters munications/General/Documents/A380%20Fact%20Sheet_June%202011.pdf)
and then migrated to the commercial jetliner arena. Others say the modular (PDF) on 2 March 2013. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
avionics concept, with less integration, has been used in business jets and regional
203. "Airbus A380 Brief" (http://a380airbus.com/airbus-a380-cabins/). Retrieved
airliners since the late 1980s or early 90s"
19 September 2013.
183. "Rafale" (https://web.archive.org/web/20090304035106/http://www.dassault-aviatio
204. Norris, Guy and Mark Wagner (2005). Airbus A380: Superjumbo of the 21st
n.com/fileadmin/user_upload/redacteur/presse/Backgrounders/RAFALE_EN.doc).
Century. Zenith Imprint. p. 129. ISBN 076032218X.
Dassault Aviation. 12 June 2005. Archived from the original (http://www.dassault-av
iation.com/fileadmin/user_upload/redacteur/presse/Backgrounders/RAFALE_EN.do 205. "Global Aircraft – Airbus A380"
c) on 4 March 2009. (http://www.globalaircraft.org/planes/airbus_a380.pl). Retrieved 19 June 2009.
184. "Thales technologies onboard the A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120308162 206. "Fascinating figures about the A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/2008070419061
125/http://www.thalesgroup.com/Pages/PressRelease.aspx?id=10607). Thales 0/http://events.airbus.com/a380/seeing/learnandplay/figures1.asp). Airbus.
Group. 30 October 2009. Archived from the original (http://www.thalesgroup.com/P Archived from the original (http://events.airbus.com/a380/seeing/learnandplay/figur
ages/PressRelease.aspx?id=10607) on 8 March 2012. "The A380 is the first aircraft es1.asp) on 4 July 2008. Retrieved 1 August 2008.
ever to be fitted with the Integrated Modular Avionics (IMA) suite, a major technical 207. "Cabin of Airbus A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161231132208/http://www.ai
evolution of global importance for airlines and operators. Designed by Airbus and rbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/own-the-sky/cabin/). airbus.
co-developed with Thales and Diehl Aerospace, the IMA is a leap-ahead Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/
technological innovation, with all onboard computing modules networked and able a380family/own-the-sky/cabin/) on 31 December 2016. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
to support different applications. The result is a substantial improvement in
computing power, reliability, maintainability, volume, weight and scalability."
208. "Onboard the Airbus A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071020004918/http://fod 228. "First class flight perks we envy slideshow" (https://web.archive.org/web/201403181
ors.com/news/story_2432.html). Fodors. Archived from the original (http://fodors.co 73906/http://travel.yahoo.com/photos/first-class-flight-perks-we-envy-1392314234-s
m/news/story_2432.html) on 20 October 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2012. lideshow/first-class-perks-showers-photo-1392314738052.html). Yahoo!. Archived
209. "747-400 Cross Sections" (http://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_cros from the original (http://travel.yahoo.com/photos/first-class-flight-perks-we-envy-139
s_section.html). Boeing. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20080611225956/htt 2314234-slideshow/first-class-perks-showers-photo-1392314738052.html) on 18
p://www.boeing.com/commercial/747family/pf/pf_cross_section.html) from the March 2014.
original on 11 June 2008. Retrieved 19 June 2008. 229. Warburton, Simon (30 July 2009). "A first look inside Emirates' A380s" (http://www.ti
210. Verghese, Vijay (2011). "A survey of the best airline economy seats" (http://www.sm mesonline.co.uk/tol/travel/business/article4430701.ece). The Times. UK.
arttravelasia.com/economy.htm). Smarttravelasia.com. Archived (https://web.archiv 230. "The Emirates A380: First Class" (http://www.emirates.com/us/english/flying/our_fle
e.org/web/20110520010120/http://smarttravelasia.com/economy.htm) from the et/emirates_a380/first_class/private_suites.aspx). Emirates. Retrieved 23 October
original on 20 May 2011. Retrieved 17 May 2011. 2009.
211. "World's largest passenger plane lands at Copenhagen Airport" (http://cphpost.dk/n 231. "Showers, Bars, Lounge – the Emirates Airbus A380 has them all" (http://www.asiat
ews/worlds-largest-passenger-plane-lands-at-copenhagen-airport.html). The raveltips.com/news08/307-EmiratesAirbusA380.shtml). Asia Travel Tips. 30 July
Copenhagen Post. 1 December 2015. 2008.
212. "Emirates A380s to Establish New Airliner Seat Record" (http://www.space.com/bus 232. Painter-Bosworth, Nicholas (7 April 2015), Middle Eastern carriers show their Gulf
inesstechnology//070608_recordseatsa380.html). Aviation. 8 June 2008. in class (http://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/interiors-middle-eastern-carriers-
213. Buckland, Rob (23 October 2009). "Recession causes turbulence for Airbus A380 show-their-gulf-in-410195/), Flightglobal, retrieved 8 April 2015
sales" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131211122201/http://www.bristol247.com/200 233. "Qantas unveils self-serve bar" (http://www.adelaidenow.com.au/news/national/qant
9/10/23/recession-causes-turbulence-for-airbus-a380-sales/). Bristol 24-7. Archived as-unveils-self-serve-bar/story-e6frea8c-1111114027421). Adelaide Now. Retrieved
from the original (http://www.bristol247.com/2009/10/23/recession-causes-turbulenc 17 May 2011.
e-for-airbus-a380-sales/) on 11 December 2013. 234. Flottau, Jens, In a squeeze, Aviation Week & Space Technology, 27 April – 10 May
214. "Cabin Interior, Mood Lighting" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070927225931/htt 2015, p. 64
p://www.diehl-aerospace.de/index.php?id=1402&L=1). Diehl Aerospace, Germany. 235. Milstein, Michael. "Superduperjumbo Double the size of an Airbus A380? No
Archived from the original (http://www.diehl-aerospace.de/index.php?id=1402&L=1) problem, aerodynamicists say" (http://www.airspacemag.com/flight-today/Superdup
on 27 September 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007. erjumbo.html?c=y&page=2). Air & Space Magazine. Retrieved 25 October 2008.
215. "Airbus Cabin Showroom" (https://web.archive.org/web/20070526122254/http://ww 236. "A380 aircraft characteristics airport and maintenance planning" (https://www.airbu
w.airbus.com/cabin-showroom/preview/index.jsp?article=0). Airbus. Archived from s.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/backgrounders/techdata/aircraft_c
the original (http://www.airbus.com/cabin-showroom/preview/index.jsp?article=0) on haracteristics/Airbus-Commercial-Aircraft-AC-A380-Dec-2016.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. 1
26 May 2007. Retrieved 14 May 2007. Dec 2016.
216. Wallace, James (30 October 2007). "Aerospace Notebook: It's no cruise ship of the 237. Harrison, Michael (24 June 2000). "Airbus opens its books for the world's biggest
sky, but A380 is raising the bar for comfort" (http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/ jumbo. But is it a plane too far?" (http://www.independent.ie/business/airbus-opens-i
Aerospace-Notebook-It-s-no-cruise-ship-of-the-1253995.php). Seattle Post- ts-books-for-the-worlds-biggest-jumbo-but-is-it-a-plane-too-far-375339.html). The
Intelligencer. Retrieved 17 May 2011. Independent. UK.
217. Frost, Laurence (7 February 2007). "Airbus Flight Shows Off Troubled A380" (http 238. "Common Agreement Document of the A380 Airport Compatibility Group Version
s://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/02/07/AR200702070138 2.1 (https://web.archive.org/web/20050529102206/http://www.ecac-ceac.org/nla-for
6.html). The Washington Post. Retrieved 17 May 2011. um/IMG/pdf/AACG_Common_Agreement_Document_V2.1.pdf)" page 8, European
218. Stoller, Gary (3 February 2005). "Flights of fancy" (https://www.usatoday.com/travel/ Civil Aviation Conference, December 2002. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
flights/2005-02-02-spa-380-usat_x.htm). USA Today. Retrieved 17 May 2011. 239. "Minimum Requirements to Widen Existing 150-Foot Wide Runways for Airbus
219. Rothman, Andrea (30 October 2009). "Airbus A380's bar, flatbeds, showers irk A380 Operations" (https://web.archive.org/web/20091229081603/http://www.faa.go
Engineers" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120306023657/http://www.bloomberg.co v/airports/engineering/engineering_briefs/media/EB_65a.pdf) (PDF). FAA. 13
m/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aSbA8LrQ5ndU). Bloomberg L.P. Archived February 2004. Archived from the original (http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/
from the original (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aS engineering_briefs/media/EB_65a.pdf) (PDF) on 29 December 2009. Retrieved
bA8LrQ5ndU) on 6 March 2012. 18 September 2009.
220. "SIA is ready at last to start flying the A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071017 240. "Use of non-standard 75-foot-wide straight taxiway sections for Airbus 380 taxiing
043933/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/10/15/218492/sia-is-ready-at-last-t operations" (https://www.webcitation.org/5l7zrmByy?url=http://www.faa.gov/airports/
o-start-flying-the-a380.html). Flight International. Archived from the original (http://w engineering/engineering_briefs/media/EB_63a.pdf) (PDF). FAA. April 2006.
ww.flightglobal.com/articles/2007/10/15/218492/sia-is-ready-at-last-to-start-flying-th Archived from the original (http://www.faa.gov/airports/engineering/engineering_brie
e-a380.html) on 17 October 2007. Retrieved 17 May 2011. fs/media/EB_63a.pdf) (PDF) on 8 November 2009. Retrieved 24 September 2006.
221. "Air France picks business seat; eyeing premium economy for A380" (https://web.ar 241. "Operational Evaluation Board Report Airbus A380-800 Report of the FCL/OPS
chive.org/web/20151228093941/https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/air-franc Subgroup Report, Revision 1 18 July 2011" (http://www.easa.europa.eu/certificatio
e-picks-business-seat-eyeing-premium-economy-for-347697/). Flight International. n/flight-standards/doc/oeb-final-report/airbus/Airbus-A380-FCL-OPS-OEB-Report-R
Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/09/22/347697/a ev_1-20110718.pdf) (PDF). 18 July 2011. Archived (https://www.webcitation.org/6B
ir-france-picks-business-seat-eyeing-premium-economy-for.html) on 28 December sXIH8j5?url=http://www.easa.europa.eu/certification/flight-standards/doc/oeb-final-r
2015. Retrieved 17 May 2011. eport/airbus/Airbus-A380-FCL-OPS-OEB-Report-Rev_1-20110718.pdf) (PDF) from
222. "Seat Map Singapore Airlines Airbus A380" (http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Singa the original on 2 November 2012. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
pore_Air/Singapore_Air_Airbus_A380.php). Seat Guru. Archived (https://web.archiv 242. Oldham, Jennifer (18 March 2007). "Airbus set for U.S. debut of world's largest
e.org/web/20090225000825/http://www.seatguru.com/airlines/Singapore_Air/Singa passenger jet" (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/boeingaerospace/200362413
pore_Air_Airbus_A380.php) from the original on 25 February 2009. Retrieved 6_a380debut18.html). Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 21 December 2010.
19 February 2009. 243. North, David (2 October 2006). "Pilot Report: Flying the Airbus A380" (http://aviatio
223. "Singapore Airlines A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071017050628/http://a38 nweek.com/awin/pilot-report-flying-airbus-a380). Aviation Week. Retrieved
0.singaporeair.com/content/news/newsrelease/20071015_suite/index.html). 21 December 2010.
Singapore Airlines. Archived from the original (http://www.a380.singaporeair.com/co 244. Arnoult, Sandra. "Airports Prepare for the A380" (http://atwonline.com/airports-amp-
ntent/news/newsrelease/20071015_suite/index.html) on 17 October 2007. routes/airports-prepare-a380). Airport Equipment & Technology. Retrieved
Retrieved 28 October 2007. 25 October 2008.
224. "Singapore Airlines Suites (http://www.singaporeair.com/en_UK/flying-with-us/suite 245. "747-400 Airport Compatibility Report (https://web.archive.org/web/2013012419173
s/) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160204201735/http://www.singaporeair. 6/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7474sec2.pdf)", section 2.2.1.
com/en_UK/flying-with-us/suites/) 4 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine." Boeing, December 2002. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
Singapore Airlines. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
246. "747-8 Airport Compatibility Report (https://web.archive.org/web/20121014235741/
225. "Qantas and the A380" (https://web.archive.org/web/20071214005727/http://www.q http://www.boeing.com/commercial/airports/acaps/7478sec2.pdf)", section 2.2.1.
antas.com.au/info/about/company/A380). Qantas. Archived from the original (http:// Boeing, December 2011. Retrieved 29 September 2012.
www.qantas.com.au/info/about/company/A380) on 14 December 2007. Retrieved
247. Dupont, Willy-Pierre. "A380 – A solution for airports" (https://web.archive.org/web/2
15 December 2007.
0080910193055/http://www.content.airbusworld.com/SITES/Customer_services/ht
226. "SeatGuru Seat Map Qantas Airways Airbus A380-800 (388):" (http://www.seatgur ml/acrobat/fast_33_p7_16solution.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. Archived from the original (htt
u.com/airlines/Qantas_Airways/Qantas_Airways_Airbus_A380.php). p://www.content.airbusworld.com/SITES/Customer_services/html/acrobat/fast_33_
227. "Comparing Airlines' Airbus A380s" (http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-a380-pg,0,4 p7_16solution.pdf) (PDF) on 10 September 2008. Retrieved 19 May 2007.
538781.photogallery). Los Angeles Times. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2 248. Gerzanics, Mike (25 September 2006). "FLIGHT TEST: Airbus A380" (https://web.a
0091123171514/http://www.latimes.com/travel/la-tr-a380-pg%2C0%2C4538781.ph rchive.org/web/20090412051939/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/09/25/20
otogallery) from the original on 23 November 2009. Retrieved 30 November 2009. 9189/flight-test-airbus-a380.html). Flight International. Archived from the original (ht
tp://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2006/09/25/209189/flight-test-airbus-a380.html)
on 12 April 2009. Retrieved 15 December 2010.
249. Hebborn, Andy (June 2008). "A380 Landing Gear and Systems" (https://web.archiv 267. Zhang, Benjamin (9 July 2015). "Airbus could solve a huge problem with jumbo
e.org/web/20170326220823/http://www.fzt.haw-hamburg.de/pers/Scholz/dglr/hh/tex jets" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/airbus-wants-patent-perfect-jumbo-20145603
t_2008_06_05_LandingGear.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. Archived from the original (http://w 5.html). Retrieved 22 April 2016.
ww.fzt.haw-hamburg.de/pers/Scholz/dglr/hh/text_2008_06_05_LandingGear.pdf) 268. "Airbus plant Riesen A380" (http://www.topnews.de/airbus-plant-lesen-a380-31297)
(PDF) on 26 March 2017. Retrieved 26 March 2017. (in German). Topnews.de. 22 November 2007. Retrieved 1 November 2012.
250. "Catering" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080615013420/http://a380.lufthansa.co 269. "Supersizing the superjumbo: Airbus says 1,000 seat A380 due 2020" (http://www.a
m/en/html/logistik/catering/index.php). Lufthansa. Archived from the original (http://a usbt.com.au/supersizing-the-superjumbo-1-000-seat-airbus-a380-due-by-2020).
380.lufthansa.com/en/html/logistik/catering/index.php) on 15 June 2008. Retrieved Australian Business Traveller. 26 September 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2013.
25 October 2008.
270. Rothman, Andrea (15 November 2007). "Europe – Airbus plans 900-Seat
251. "Aircraft movements" (https://web.archive.org/web/20080614210748/http://a380.luft Superjumbo; Emirates would buy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20121103124517/ht
hansa.com/en/html/logistik/pushback/index.php). Lufthansa. Archived from the tps://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601085&sid=aFDn7WN3Sybc&refer=
original (http://a380.lufthansa.com/en/html/logistik/pushback/index.php) on 14 June europe). Bloomberg. Archived from the original (https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/n
2008. Retrieved 25 October 2008. ews?pid=20601085&sid=aFDn7WN3Sybc&refer=europe) on 3 November 2012.
252. Helms, Ina. "Boarding please – aber ein bisschen flott!" (https://web.archive.org/we 271. "Branson favors planned Airbus 900-seat A380" (http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/
b/20081120005027/http://www.thyssenkrupp.com/documents/Publikationen/Sonder html/businesstechnology/2004022126_airbus19.html). The Seattle Times. 21
veroeffentl/innovate_02_05_Fluggastbruecke.pdf) (PDF). Innovate!. Archived from February 2004.
the original (http://www.thyssenkrupp.com/documents/Publikationen/Sonderveroeff
272. Rigby, Bill (30 October 2007). "Interview-Cathay Pacific to wait on next-generation
entl/innovate_02_05_Fluggastbruecke.pdf) (PDF) on 20 November 2008. Retrieved
planes" (https://www.reuters.com/article/2007/10/30/idUSN3022007420071030?sp
25 October 2008.
=true). Reuters. Retrieved 7 June 2011.
253. "A380 first touchdown in the United States as part of commercial Route Proving" (ht
273. "Airbus to extend A380 to accommodate 1,000 passengers" (http://www.thaindian.c
tps://web.archive.org/web/20081216110239/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/
om/newsportal/uncategorized/airbus-to-extend-a380-to-accommodate-1000-passen
pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_03_12_A380_USA_route_proving.html).
gers_10089914.html). The Times of India. Thaindian.com. 29 August 2008.
Airbus. 12 March 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/pressc
Retrieved 2 July 2011.
entre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/07_03_12_A380_USA_route_proving.ht
ml) on 16 December 2008. 274. "Kingfisher defers delivery to wait for A380-900" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100
113043938/http://atwonline.com/news/other.html?issueDate=2%2F6%2F2009).
254. Klein, Daniel. "Video Airbus A380 cockpit" (http://www.planecrashes.org/airbus-a38
ATW Daily News. 6 February 2009. Archived from the original (http://atwonline.com/
0-view-from-cockpit-at-night.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160317
news/other.html?issueDate=2/6/2009) on 13 January 2010.
075015/http://www.planecrashes.org/airbus-a380-view-from-cockpit-at-night.html)
17 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine., 18 January 2006. Retrieved 11 June 275. Wallace, James; Aerospace, P-I (25 October 2007). "A stretch version of the A380?
2013. It's in the plans" (http://www.seattlepi.com/default/article/A-stretch-version-of-the-A3
80-It-s-in-the-plans-1253438.php). Seattle Post-Intelligencer. Retrieved 7 June
255. "Airbus A380 wake turbulence may double safe distance between planes" (http://w
2011.
ww.aviationpros.com/news/10404861/report-airbus-a380-wake-turbulence-may-dou
ble-safe-distance-between-planes). Aviationpros. 23 November 2005. 276. "A380-900 and freighter both on 'back-burner': Enders" (https://web.archive.org/we
b/20100524161647/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/05/20/342239/a380-90
256. "A380 wake tests prompt call to reassess all large aircraft" (http://www.flightglobal.c
0-and-freighter-both-on-back-burner-enders.html). Flight International. 20 May
om/news/articles/a380-wake-tests-prompt-call-to-reassess-all-large-aircraft-20337
2010. Archived from the original (http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2010/05/20/34
0/). Flightglobal. 29 November 2005.
2239/a380-900-and-freighter-both-on-back-burner-enders.html) on 24 May 2010.
257. "Airbus A380 wake vortex study completed" (https://web.archive.org/web/20061014 Retrieved 14 December 2011.
091848/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_items/
277. Flynn, David (11 December 2014). "Airbus to build A380neo and A380 'stretch' " (htt
06_09_28_vortex_study.html). Airbus S.A.S. 28 September 2006. Archived from
p://www.ausbt.com.au/airbus-confirms-a380neo-and-a380-stretch). Australian
the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressreleases/pressreleases_ite
Business Traveller. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
ms/06_09_28_vortex_study.html) on 14 October 2006. Retrieved 30 September
2006. 278. Rothman, Andrea (10 December 2014). "Airbus Raises Prospect of Ditching A380
as Orders Vanish" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-12-10/airbus-at-
258. "A380 wake vortex study provides some good news for Airbus" (http://atwonline.co
crossroads-as-a380-jumbo-faces-spendorfade-conundrum). Bloomberg L.P.
m/operations/a380-wake-vortex-study-provides-some-good-news-airbus). ATW. 29
September 2006.
279. "Airbus in early talks over moderate A380 stretch" (http://www.flightglobal.com/new
259. "Airbus A380 vortex-revised guidance material" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110
s/articles/paris-airbus-in-early-talks-over-moderate-a380-stretch-413552/).
607130555/http://www.icao.int/icao/en/ro/apac/2007/FIT_SEA5/ip05.pdf) (PDF).
Flightglobal. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
ICAO. 16 January 2007. Archived from the original (http://www.icao.int/icao/en/ro/a
pac/2007/FIT_SEA5/ip05.pdf) (PDF) on 7 June 2011. Retrieved 9 November 2007. 280. "Airbus in talks with airlines over stretched A380" (https://finance.yahoo.com/news/
airbus-talks-airlines-over-stretched-093657983.html). Reuters. 15 June 2015.
260. "New guidelines show shorter A380 separation distances" (http://www.flightglobal.c
om/articles/2008/08/22/315062/new-guidelines-show-shorter-a380-separation-dista 281. "Airbus commits to new A380" (http://www.thesundaytimes.co.uk/sto/business/articl
nces.html). Flight International. 22 August 2008. Archived (https://web.archive.org/ e1582679.ece). The Sunday Times. London. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
web/20080905163252/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/2008/08/22/315062/new- 282. "Airbus To Make A380neo Decision In 2015" (http://aviationweek.com/farnborough-
guidelines-show-shorter-a380-separation-distances.html) from the original on 5 2014/airbus-make-a380neo-decision-2015?NL=AW-13&Issue=AW-13_20140716_A
September 2008. Retrieved 6 September 2008. W-13_679&YM_RID=%27email%27&YM_MID=%27mmid%27&sfvc4enews=42&cl
261. "ATSB Report AO-2008-077 (http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_repo =article_1_b). Aviation Week. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
rts/2008/aair/ao-2008-077.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2016091419 283. "Airbus Talking To Airlines About 'Slight Stretch' Of A380" (http://aviationweek.com/
1121/http://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2008/aair/ao-2008-0 paris-air-show-2015/airbus-talking-airlines-about-slight-stretch-a380). Aviation
77.aspx) 14 September 2016 at the Wayback Machine." Australian Transport Safety Week. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
Bureau, 9 December 2009. Retrieved 18 September 2012. 284. "Airbus A380 faces uncertain future" (https://www.cnbc.com/2015/06/16/paris-air-sh
262. "Pilot's perspective (http://www.flightglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbu ow-airbus-a380-faces-uncertain-future.html). CNBC. 16 June 2015. Retrieved
s-A380-In-Service-Report-Pilots-perspective/)" Flightglobal, undated. Retrieved 20 24 April 2016.
June 2014. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20130318054931/http://www.fligh 285. "Rolls-Royce And Airbus Near Accord Over A380neo" (http://aviationweek.com/co
tglobal.com/page/A380-In-Service-Report/Airbus-A380-In-Service-Report-Pilots-per mmercial-aviation/rolls-royce-and-airbus-near-accord-over-a380neo). Aviation
spective/) on 18 March 2014. week. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
263. Canaday, Henry (2 February 2015). "Major Maintenance Due For Airbus A380s" (htt 286. "Rolls Royce Advance Products" (https://web.archive.org/web/20151219152100/htt
p://aviationweek.com/mro/major-maintenance-due-airbus-a380s). Aviation Week & p://www.rolls-royce.com/customers/civil-aerospace/products/future-products/advanc
Space Technology. Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20150424212038/http://a e.aspx). Rolls Royce. Archived from the original (http://www.rolls-royce.com/custom
viationweek.com/mro/major-maintenance-due-airbus-a380s) from the original on 24 ers/civil-aerospace/products/future-products/advance.aspx) on 19 December 2015.
April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2015. Retrieved 24 April 2016.
264. "A380 Freighter Specifications" (https://web.archive.org/web/20100630081836/htt 287. "Emirates, Airbus Talks On A380neo 'Lapsed' " (http://aviationweek.com/commercia
p://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/a380f/specifications/). Airbus. Archived l-aviation/emirates-airbus-talks-a380neo-lapsed). Aviation Week & Space
from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/aircraftfamilies/a380/a380f/specification Technology. Retrieved 4 June 2016.
s/) on 30 June 2010. Retrieved 18 April 2010. 288. "The world's largest passenger plane may be about to get bigger" (https://www.tele
265. Andriulaitis, Robert. "B747-8F VS A380F (http://www.intervistas.com/downloads/CA graph.co.uk/travel/news/airbus-a380-winglets-bigger-wing-span/). The Telegraph.
IR/articles/12_dec2005_a.pdf)" Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160303205 Retrieved 8 November 2017.
307/http://www.intervistas.com/downloads/CAIR/articles/12_dec2005_a.pdf) 3 289. "Airbus presents the A380plus" (http://www.airbus.com/newsroom/press-releases/e
March 2016 at the Wayback Machine. InterVISTAS, December 2005. Retrieved 29 n/2017/06/airbus-presents-the-a380plus.html) (Press release). Airbus. 19 June
September 2012. 2017.
266. "Airbus freighter aircraft, cargo aircraft – Airbus, a leading aircraft manufacturer" (htt 290. Jens Flottau (18 June 2017). "Airbus Launches A380-plus Development Study" (htt
p://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/freighter/). airbus. p://atwonline.com/airframes/airbus-launches-a380-plus-development-study).
Aviation Week Network.
291. Jens Flottau (19 June 2017). "Airbus Details A380-plus Modifications" (http://aviatio 316. "MAS to use A380s for pilgrimages, up seats to 700" (https://www.flightglobal.com/n
nweek.com/paris-air-show-2017/airbus-details-a380-plus-modifications). Aviation ews/articles/mas-to-use-a380s-for-pilgrimages-up-seats-to-700-430606/).
Week Network. Flightglobal. 21 October 2016.
292. Max Kingsley-Jones (19 September 2017). "The A380's rollercoaster ride in 10 317. Kurt Hofmann (5 June 2017). "Malaysia Airlines targets 3Q 2018 for A380 charter
years of service" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-the-a380s-roll carrier" (http://atwonline.com/airlines/malaysia-airlines-targets-3q-2018-a380-charte
ercoaster-ride-in-10-years-440832/). Flight International. r-carrier). Aviation Week Network.
293. Pierre Sparaco (3 March 2014). "Opinion: Mega-Transports Hobbled By Their Size" 318. Aaron Chang (13 December 2017). "Malaysia Airlines dismisses report of plans to
(http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/opinion-mega-transports-hobbled-thei scrap A380 unit" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/malaysia-airlines-dismi
r-size). Aviation Week & Space Technology. sses-report-of-plans-to-scrap-444084/). Flightglobal.
294. "Flying by Nature Airbus Global Market Forecast 2007–2026" (https://web.archive.o 319. "Portuguese airline takes over two A380s" (http://www.aerotelegraph.com/portugies
rg/web/20080409133337/http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/documents/gmf/PDF_dl/0 ische-fluglinie-uebernimmt-zwei-a380). aerotelegraph.com. 26 August 2017.
0-all-gmf_2007.pdf) (PDF). Airbus S.A.S. 31 January 2008. pp. 78–79. Archived 320. "Portuguese ACMI specialist Hi Fly to add A380s" (https://www.ch-aviation.com/port
from the original on 9 April 2008. al/news/58948-portuguese-acmi-specialist-hi-fly-to-add-a380s). ch-aviation.com. 26
295. "Boeing Current Market Outlook 2007" (https://web.archive.org/web/200804091333 August 2017.
35/http://www.boeing.com/commercial/cmo/pdf/Boeing_Current_Market_Outlook_2 321. David Kaminski-Morrow (5 Apr 2018). "Hi Fly to introduce 471-seat A380 by mid-
007.pdf) (PDF). Boeing Commercial Airplanes. 20 November 2007. p. 43. Archived year" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/hi-fly-to-introduce-471-seat-a380-b
from the original on 9 April 2008. y-mid-year-447342/). Flightglobal.
296. Benjamin D Katz (22 May 2018). "Airbus to Defend WTO Ruling by Saying A380 322. "Thomas Cook revealed as Hi Fly's first A380 customer" (https://www.flightglobal.co
No Threat to Boeing" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-05-22/airbus- m/news/articles/thomas-cook-revealed-as-hi-flys-first-a380-customer-450833/).
to-defend-wto-ruling-by-saying-a380-no-threat-to-boeing). Bloomberg. Flight Global. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
297. "Asian Airlines' changing presence at London Heathrow" (http://centreforaviation.co 323. O'Keeffe, Niall (3 August 2018). "Norwegian to deploy Hi Fly's A380 as 787 cover"
m/analysis/asian-airlines-changing-presence-at-london-heathrow-pt-1-cathay-and-s (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/norwegian-to-deploy-hi-flys-a380-as-787
ia-increase-capacity-96950). Center for Aviation. 13 February 2013. -cover-450896/). FlightGlobal. Retrieved 3 August 2018.
298. "China Southern's A380 problems may not be solved by possible Air China 324. Massy-Beresford, Helen (3 August 2018). "Air Austral To Ground Boeing 787,
partnership" (http://centreforaviation.com/analysis/china-southerns-a380-problems- Replace With Airbus A380" (https://aviationweek.com/awincommercial/air-austral-gr
may-not-be-solved-by-possible-air-china-partnership-103063). CAPA: Centre for ound-boeing-787-replace-airbus-a380). Aviationweek.com. Retrieved 4 August
Aviation. 2 April 2013. 2018.
299. Jasmine Wang (1 June 2013). "China Southern Gets First Dreamliner After Failed 325. Schonland, Addison (27 November 2017). "Amedeo's A380 "Net Jets" Share Idea"
A380 Strategy" (https://web.archive.org/web/20130602205556/http://www.bloomber (https://www.airinsight.com/amedeos-a380-net-jets-share-idea/). AirInsight.
g.com/news/2013-06-02/china-southern-gets-first-dreamliner-after-failed-a380-strat
326. John Morris (28 May 2018). "First A380 'Royal Yacht' May be Launched Soon" (htt
egy.html). Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2 June 2013.
p://aviationweek.com/ebace-2018/first-a380-royal-yacht-may-be-launched-soon).
300. Kurt Hofman (30 September 2013). "Air France: Airbus A380 not a good fit for Aviation Week.
network" (http://atwonline.com/airframes/air-france-airbus-a380-not-good-fit-networ
327. Jamie Bullen (1 June 2017). "Dr Peters considering A380 teardown: sources" (http
k). Air Transport World.
s://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dr-peters-considering-a380-teardown-source
301. Ian Goold (13 July 2014). "Airbus, Airlines Happy With A380" (http://www.ainonline. s-437799/). Flightglobal.
com/aviation-news/farnborough-air-show/2014-07-13/airbus-airlines-happy-a380).
328. Jamie Bullen (13 Sep 2017). "Hi Fly eyes Dr Peters' A380s" (https://www.flightgloba
Aviation International News.
l.com/news/articles/hi-fly-eyes-dr-peters-a380s-441077/). Flightglobal.
302. Jens Flottau (17 November 2014). " 'New Breed Of Managers' Needed For A380
329. James Pozzi (May 30, 2018). "Part-Out Specialists Lukewarm On Second Hand
Success, Tim Clark Believes" (http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/new-br
A380s" (http://www.mro-network.com/airlines/part-out-specialists-lukewarm-second-
eed-managers-needed-a380-success-tim-clark-believes). Aviation Week & Space
hand-a380s). Aviation Week Network.
Technology.
330. "Positive overall result for two A380 funds" (https://www.dr-peters.de/en/press/press
303. Jeffrey Dastin (4 June 2015). "United Airlines does not see a fit for Airbus A380" (htt
-releases/2018/2018-06-05.html) (Press release). Dr. Peters Group. 5 June 2018.
ps://www.reuters.com/article/2015/06/04/united-airlines-fleet-idUSL1N0YQ00Z2015
0604). Reuters. 331. Tom Lavell and Benedikt Kammel (5 June 2018). "Two Unwanted A380s Are
Moving Closer to the Scrapheap" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-0
304. Andreas Sperl (19 October 2006). "A380 financial update" (https://web.archive.org/
6-05/first-a380s-poised-for-scrapheap-as-second-hand-interest-fades). Bloomberg.
web/20061103062416/http://www.eads.com/xml/content/OF00000000400004/0/74/
41485740.pdf) (PDF). EADS. Archived from the original on 3 November 2006. 332. Michael Gubisch (5 June 2018). "Dr Peters to part out two A380s after airline talks
yield no deal" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/dr-peters-to-part-out-two-a
305. "EADS hopeful A380 could break even in 2015" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/
380s-after-airline-talks-449224/). Flightglobal.
articles/eads-hopeful-a380-could-break-even-in-2015-342126/). Flight International.
19 May 2010. 333. Sophie Segal (7 June 2018). "Dr Peters seeks to salvage A380s with part-out plan"
(https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/analysis-dr-peters-seeks-to-salvage-a38
306. Tim Hepher (11 December 2014). "Fury at Airbus after it hints the super-jumbo may
0s-with-part-449268/). Flightglobal.
be mothballed" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-emirates-airbus-group-idUSKBN
0JP0W020141211). Reuters. 334. "The fading dream of an A380 secondary market `" (https://www.flightglobal.com/ne
ws/articles/opinion-the-fading-dream-of-an-a380-secondary-marke-449287/).
307. "Airbus shares fall over A380 threat" (https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-304271
Flightglobal. 8 June 2018.
16). BBC News. 11 December 2014.
335. "Emirates orders 50 additional A380s, boosting fleet to 140" (https://web.archive.or
308. Michael Stothard (11 December 2014). "Airbus plays down fears over A380 future"
g/web/20131120061439/http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-events-single/det
(http://www.ft.com/intl/cms/s/0/19274cca-8155-11e4-a493-00144feabdc0.html).
ail/emirates-orders-50-additional-a380s-boosting-fleet-to-140/). Airbus. 17
Financial Times.
November 2013. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/ne
309. Tim Hepher (22 December 2014). "UPDATE 1-Airbus delivers first A350, rules out ws-events-single/detail/emirates-orders-50-additional-a380s-boosting-fleet-to-140/)
cancelling A380 project" (https://www.reuters.com/article/airbus-a350-delivery-idUS on 20 November 2013. Retrieved 17 November 2013.
L6N0U61HS20141222). Reuters.
336. Snodgrass, James (6 January 2009). "Luxury living at 35,000 ft" (http://edition.cnn.c
310. Jens Flottau (24 April 2015). "Airbus A380 Makes Maiden Flight (2005)" (http://aviat om/2007/TECH/07/06/luxury.a380/). CNN.
ionweek.com/blog/airbus-a380-makes-maiden-flight-2005). Aviation Week & Space
337. Dubois, Thierry. "Airbus Cancels Only VVIP A380 Order (http://www.ainonline.com/
Technology.
aviation-news/business-aviation/2015-02-05/airbus-cancels-only-vvip-a380-order)
311. "Airbus A380 Is the Plane Airlines Aren't Ordering Anymore" (https://skift.com/2015/ Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20160427075245/http://www.ainonline.com/a
04/27/airbus-a380-is-the-plane-airlines-arent-ordering-anymore/). Andrea Rothman, viation-news/business-aviation/2015-02-05/airbus-cancels-only-vvip-a380-order) 27
Bloomberg. 27 April 2015. April 2016 at the Wayback Machine." AINonline, 5 February 2015. Retrieved 16
312. "New Airbus aircraft list prices for 2016" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161116213 February 2015.
741/http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press-release-detail/detail/ne 338. "Airbus names A380 delivery centre in Hamburg after Jürgen Thomas" (https://web.
w-airbus-aircraft-list-prices-for-2016/) (Press release). Airbus. 12 January 2016. archive.org/web/20080822142413/http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/pressrelea
Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/presscentre/pressreleases/press- ses/pressreleases_items/08_07_04_a380_delivery_centre_hamburg.html). Airbus.
release-detail/detail/new-airbus-aircraft-list-prices-for-2016/) on 16 November 2016. 4 July 2008. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/en/presscentre/press
313. Jens Flottau (14 September 2016). "Singapore Airlines Won't Extend First Airbus releases/pressreleases_items/08_07_04_a380_delivery_centre_hamburg.html) on
A380 Lease" (http://aviationweek.com/commercial-aviation/singapore-airlines-won-t 22 August 2008. Retrieved 13 October 2009.
-extend-first-airbus-a380-lease). Aviation Daily. Aviation Week Network. 339. Tim Hepher, Cyril Altmeyer (27 July 2012). "EADS Sees One-Off Drop In A380
314. "The A380s future" (https://www.airinsight.com/the-a380s-future/). AirInsight. 20 Deliveries Next Year" (https://www.reuters.com/article/us-eads-a-idUSBRE86Q08Y
November 2015. 20120727). Reuters.
315. Rothman, Andrea; Weiss, Richard (8 June 2015). "Used A380 superjumbos pose 340. "The 10 Biggest Aircraft Deals Of 2013" (http://www.ibtimes.com/10-biggest-aircraft
fresh threat to Airbus' sales drive" (http://www.seattletimes.com/business/used-a38 -deals-2013-1515402). International Business Times. 19 December 2013.
0-superjumbos-pose-fresh-threat-to-airbus-sales-drive/). The Seattle Times. Retrieved 1 April 2015.
Retrieved 13 June 2015.
341. Andrea Rothman (30 July 2014). "Airbus Says Some A380s on Order May Not Be 358. "Photos Qatar Airways A380 makes Doha debut" (http://dohanews.co/photos-qatar-
Delivered" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2014-07-30/airbus-profit-rises-10-as- airways-a380-makes-doha-debut/). dohanews.com. 20 September 2014. Retrieved
aircraft-deliveries-increase.html). Bloomberg L.P. 20 September 2014.
342. David Kaminski-Morrow (7 March 2018). "Virgin cancels long-dormant A380 order" 359. "Etihad launches debut A380 service to London" (http://www.tradearabia.com/news/
(https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/virgin-cancels-long-dormant-a380-order- TTN_272217.html). TradeArabia News Service. 27 December 2014. Retrieved
446556/). Flightglobal. 27 December 2014.
343. "Civil Aviation Programs To Watch" (http://aviationweek.com/paris-air-show-2017/ci 360. "Thomas Cook revealed as Hi Fly's first A380 customer" (https://www.flightglobal.co
vil-aviation-programs-watch#slide-8-field_images-1639711). Aviation Week & m/news/articles/thomas-cook-revealed-as-hi-flys-first-a380-customer-450833/).
Space Technology. 9 June 2017. Flight Global. 1 August 2018. Retrieved 1 August 2018.
344. Bjorn Fehrm (3 November 2017). "Emirates likely to order new A380s at Dubai Air 361. "Biggest plane, shortest flight: Emirates launches A380 route from Dubai to Doha"
Show" (https://leehamnews.com/2017/11/03/emirates-likely-order-new-a380s-dubai (http://www.thenational.ae/business/aviation/biggest-plane-shortest-flight-emirates-l
-air-show/). Leeham. aunches-a380-route-from-dubai-to-doha). The National. 1 December 2016.
345. David Kaminski Morrow (18 January 2018). "Emirates tentatively signs for up to 36 Retrieved 3 December 2016.
A380s" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/emirates-tentatively-signs-for-up 362. "Qatar diplomatic row: what to do if your flight is cancelled" (https://www.telegraph.c
-to-36-a380s-445004/). Flightglobal. o.uk/travel/news/qatar-political-row-flights-affected-what-to-do-cancelled/). The
346. Katz, Benjamin D (19 January 2018). "Airbus Is in Talks With British Airways on Telegraph. 6 June 2017. Retrieved 29 March 2018.
More A380s" (https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2018-01-19/airbus-is-said-t 363. "Exceptional Air France Airbus A380 flights on London-Heathrow to Paris-CDG
o-be-in-talks-with-british-airways-on-more-a380s). Bloomberg.com. Retrieved route" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120223113526/http://www.airfrance.co.uk/G
26 January 2018. B/en/local/toutsurairfrance/actualites/pr_a380_lhrcdg.htm). Air France. May 2010.
347. "Historical Orders and Deliveries 1974–2009" (https://web.archive.org/web/2010122 Archived from the original (http://www.airfrance.co.uk/GB/en/local/toutsurairfrance/a
3223239/http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/reports_results_revie ctualites/pr_a380_lhrcdg.htm) on 23 February 2012. Retrieved 12 April 2012.
ws/Summary_Historial_Orders_Deliveries_1974-2009.xls). Airbus S.A.S. January 364. "Emirates A380 to take on world's longest flight from Dubai to Auckland" (http://ww
2010. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/file w.thenational.ae/business/aviation/emirates-a380-to-take-on-worlds-longest-flight-fr
s/reports_results_reviews/Summary_Historial_Orders_Deliveries_1974-2009.xls) om-dubai-to-auckland). The National. 23 June 2016. Retrieved 3 December 2016.
(Microsoft Excel) on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 10 December 2012. 365. "Indonesians collect debris from Qantas plane engine" (http://www.abc.net.au/new
348. "Orders & Deliveries" (https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/market/orders-deliveries.htm s/stories/2010/11/04/3057573.htm). Australian Broadcasting Corporation. 4
l). Airbus. 30 September 2017. Retrieved 6 October 2017. November 2010. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
349. "Air France gets Europe's first A380 superjumbo" (https://web.archive.org/web/2014 366. "Inflight engine failure – Qantas, Airbus A380, VH-OQA, overhead Batam Island,
0227190739/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gWhgSgTkXk Indonesia, 4 November 2010" (https://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_r
GtutmcjLCIxdKwfDow). Agence France-Presse. 30 October 2009. Archived from eports/2010/AAIR/AO-2010-089.aspx) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/20161
the original (https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gWhgSgTkXk 106144826/https://www.atsb.gov.au/publications/investigation_reports/2010/AAIR/A
GtutmcjLCIxdKwfDow) on 27 February 2014. O-2010-089.aspx) 6 November 2016 at the Wayback Machine.. Australian
350. "Lufthansa flies German team to Johannesburg with A380" (https://web.archive.org/ Transport Safety Bureau, 18 May 2011.
web/20100820023616/http://presse.lufthansa.com/en/news-releases/view/archive/2 367. Walker, Peter (5 November 2010). "Qantas A380 landing: Airlines were warned in
010/april/07/article/1669.html). Lufthansa. 7 April 2010. Archived from the original August over engine safety" (https://web.archive.org/web/20131021164700/http://ww
(http://presse.lufthansa.com/en/news-releases/view/archive/2010/april/07/article/16 w.airportwatch.org.uk/?p=3203). Airportwatch.org.uk. Archived from the original (htt
69.html) on 20 August 2010. p://www.airportwatch.org.uk/?p=3203) on 21 October 2013. Retrieved 3 April 2011.
351. Eun-joo, Lee (17 June 2011). "East Asia's first A380 goes into operation today" (htt 368. Chong, Jordan (20 April 2012). "Qantas A380 back in the air, 'as good as new' " (htt
ps://web.archive.org/web/20111124084231/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/ ps://www.heraldsun.com.au/travel/news/qantas-a380-back-in-the-air-as-good-as-ne
news/article/article.aspx?aid=2937685). Korea JoongAng Daily. Archived from the w/story-fn32891l-1226334769849). Herald-Sun. Retrieved 21 April 2012.
original (http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.aspx?aid=2937 369. "Qantas replaces RR engines" (https://www.theguardian.com/business/2010/nov/1
685) on 24 November 2011. 8/qantas-replaces-rolls-royce-engines) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2013
352. "Airbus delivers China Southern Airlines' first A380" (http://www.airbus.com/newsev 0323023201/https://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2010/nov/18/qantas-replaces-roll
ents/news-events-single/detail/airbus-delivers-china-southern-airlines-first-a380/). s-royce-engines) 23 March 2013 at the Wayback Machine.. The Guardian, 18
Airbus.com. 14 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011. November 2010. Retrieved 25 June 2012.
353. "China Southern Airlines receives its first 'Pearl of the sky' A380 jetliner" (https://we 370. "Incident: France A388 over Greenland on Sep 30th 2017, uncontained engine
b.archive.org/web/20111018004750/http://www.airbus.com/newsevents/news-event failure, fan and engine inlet separated" (https://avherald.com/h?article=4af15205&o
s-single/detail/china-southern-airlines-receives-its-first-pearl-of-the-sky-a380-jetline pt=0). avherald.com. Retrieved 8 November 2017.
r/). Airbus.com. 14 October 2011. Archived from the original (http://www.airbus.com/ 371. "Air France flight with engine damage makes emergency landing in Canada" (http
newsevents/news-events-single/detail/china-southern-airlines-receives-its-first-pear s://www.reuters.com/article/us-air-france-canada/air-france-says-flight-af-066-suffer
l-of-the-sky-a380-jetliner/) on 18 October 2011. Retrieved 22 October 2011. ed-serious-engine-damage-idUSKCN1C50PV). Reuters. 30 September 2017.
354. Platt, Craig (2 July 2012). "Newest superjumbo takes off for Malaysia Airlines" (htt Retrieved 8 November 2017.
p://www.smh.com.au/travel/newest-superjumbo-takes-off-for-malaysia-airlines-2012 372. "Family figures" (https://www.airbus.com/content/dam/corporate-topics/publications/
0702-21btw.html). The Sydney Morning Herald. Retrieved 6 July 2012. backgrounders/Airbus-Family-Figures-booklet.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. July 2018.
355. Singapore, Thai. "A380 Fantasy Fares" (https://web.archive.org/web/20120919192 373. "A380 Technology" (https://www.airbus.com/aircraft/passenger-aircraft/a380-family/t
744/http://thaiairways.com.sg/promotions.asp?promoid=48). thaiairways.com. echnology.html). Airbus.
Archived from the original (http://thaiairways.com.sg/promotions.asp?promoid=48)
374. "A380 Prestige Specifications" (https://web.archive.org/web/20161012152549/htt
on 19 September 2012. Retrieved 14 November 2012.
p://www.airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/tech_data/jetFamily/media_object
356. "BA enters SuperJumbo age with... with a 90-minute flight to Frankfurt" (https://ww _file_A380_specifications.pdf) (PDF). Airbus. Archived from the original (http://www.
w.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/ba-enters-superjumbo-age-with-with-a airbus.com/fileadmin/media_gallery/files/tech_data/jetFamily/media_object_file_A3
-90minute-flight-to-frankfurt-8744376.html) Archived (https://web.archive.org/web/2 80_specifications.pdf) (PDF) on 12 October 2016.
0150722084847/http://www.independent.co.uk/travel/news-and-advice/ba-enters-su
375. "A380 powers on through flight-test" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/a38
perjumbo-age-with-with-a-90minute-flight-to-frankfurt-8744376.html) 22 July 2015
0-powers-on-through-flight-test-203708/). Flight International. 20 December 2005.
at the Wayback Machine.. The Independent, 2 August 2013.
376. "Airbus A380 Type Certificate Data Sheet" (http://rgl.faa.gov/Regulatory_and_Guida
357. "Asiana to Fly First A380 Flight on June 13" (http://airchive.com/blog/2014/03/21/asi
nce_Library/rgMakeModel.nsf/0/083db0ec0506b38c86257ce500633f91/$FILE/A58
ana-to-fly-first-a380-flight-on-june-13/). airchive.com. 23 March 2014. Retrieved
NM_Rev_6.pdf) (PDF). Federal Aviation Authority. 27 May 2014.
13 June 2014.
Bibliography
Norris, Guy; Wagner, Mark (2005). Airbus A380: Superjumbo of the 21st Century (https://books.google.com/books?id=KcaYjPhRnWUC). Zenith Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-
2218-5.
Further reading
"Hotels in the Sky" (https://books.google.com/books?id=5dIDAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA68). Popular Mechanics. 178. March 2001.
Moir, Ian; Allan G. Seabridge; Malcolm Jukes (2003). Civil avionics systems (https://books.google.com/books?id=eoBTAAAAMAAJ). Professional Engineering. ISBN 1-86058-
342-3.
Pearman, Hugh (2004). Airports: a century of architecture (https://books.google.com/books?id=O9q7gTpd-MoC). Laurence King. ISBN 1-85669-356-2.
Javier Alfonso Gil (2007). European aeronautics: the Southwestern axis (https://books.google.com/books?id=bIUDsVmVYd0C). Springer. ISBN 3-540-35646-0.
Maxwell, David (2007). Airbus A380: Superjumbo on World Tour (https://books.google.com/books?id=O3tGAAAAYAAJ). Zenith Press. ISBN 0-7603-3279-7.
Simons, Graham M. (2014). The Airbus A380: A History. Barnsley, UK: Pen & Sword Aviation. ISBN 9781783030415.
External links
Official Airbus A380 page (http://www.airbus.com/aircraftfamilies/passengeraircraft/a380family/), A380 Navigator (http://events.airb External image
us.com/a380/navigator/)
Everything about the A380 at FlightGlobal.com (https://web.archive.org/web/20100413235925/http://www.flightglobal.com/articles/ Airbus A380-800 cutaway
2007/02/27/205274/everything-about-the-airbus-a380.html) Airbus A380-800 cutaway from
"Special Report on the A380" (http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getasset.aspx?itemid=9139). (1.58 MB)
(https://web.archive.org/web/201204
A380 cutaway diagram (http://www.flightglobal.com/assets/getasset.aspx?itemid=9140)
17210921/http://www.flightglobal.co
Photographs of every stage of construction of the Airbus A380 (http://www.markpower.co.uk/projects/A-380) by Mark Power
m/airspace/media/civilaviation1949-
Max Kingsley-Jones (9 November 2017). "The path to an A380 century at Emirates" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/du
bai-the-path-to-an-a380-century-at-emirates-442910/). Flightglobal. 2006cutaways/images/5817/airbus-
David Kaminski-Morrow (9 Jul 2018). "Analysis: A380 scrapes along in hope of revival" (https://www.flightglobal.com/news/articles/ a380-800-cutaway.jpg)
analysis-a380-scrapes-along-in-hope-of-revival-448993/). Flightglobal. Flightglobal.com
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airbus_A380&oldid=862264124"
This page was last edited on 3 October 2018, at 07:13 (UTC).
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy.
Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization.

Airbus A380

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Airbus A380

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

10/3/2018 Airbus A380 - Wikipedia

Total development cost

Production and delivery delays

Naked cabin for flight tests with

Entry into service

Improvements and upgrades

Integration with infrastructure and regulations

Bar on an Emirates A380

Takeoff and landing separation

Wingtip vortex left behind

Frequency and capacity

Orders and deliveries

A380 firm net orders and deliveries

Cumulative orders and deliveries

Data from Airbus through the end of August 2018.[2][347]

Singapore Airlines first service on 25 October 2007[109]

Incidents and accidents

Seating 575 Typical, 853 Max[372]

Exit limit 868: 538 lower + 330 upper deck[148]

Cargo 175.2 m3 (6,190 cu ft)

Wing[374] 845 m2 (9,100 sq ft), AR 7.53, sweep 33.5°

Fuel capacity 253 983 kg / 559 937 lb[236]

Thrust (4 ×) 332.44–356.81 kN (74,740–80,210 lbf)[148]

MMo[373] Mach 0.89 (945 km/h; 511 kn)[a]

Cruise speed Mach 0.85 (903 km/h; 488 kn)[160]

Range 14,800 km / 8,000 nmi[372] Layout of A380-800, 519 seat

Airbus A350 XWB

List of jet airliners

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Airbus_A380&oldid=862264124"

This page was last edited on 3 October 2018, at 07:13 (UTC).

Вам также может понравиться