Final Seminar Fau

Urbanism Department
Universidad de Chile
University of chile
Urban Planning and Design

Tampereen Teknillinen Yliopisto
Tampere university of technology
: : : : INTRODUCTION
BECOMING AN ARCHITECT
During the In the way that s/he gets In case of choosing a
development of the the necessary tools, s/he relevant topic such as
architecture career, starts to forge him/herself urbanism, the student has to
the student starts to as an efficient be able to put together,
go through several professional. One of those both, knowledge and
stages and different stages is the “Research originality. As the way of
challenges he has to Seminar”, moment at which conceiving a particular city
deal with. s/he has to concentrate all is absolutely local and not
the knowledge on the exportable, our mission as
development of a successful future architects is to
report, new and thorough. suggest changes that won’t
alter the place's own
characteristics. Each way of
organizing a city is
different and necessary
during human relationships,
so our mission will be to
try to understand those
behaviors to put them on
paper.
It is because of these
reasons that the Seminar
won’t be a single solution
for the topic exposed, but
it will propose a suggested
way of action with tools to
be used. It is important to
add that any of the writers’
own ideas that could appear
in the next report should be
presented with prudence,
well grounded and not at
random.
INCREASING THE VALUE OF TURKU AS AN INTERNATIONAL CITY; DIVERSIFYING THE HARBOR AREA
UNIVERSITY OF CHILE . . . . . . . . GERSON GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ + CRISTÓBAL RIVEROS BRIEBA 5
INTRODUCTION
The human being is an groups appeared, able to
animal in constant give protection under an
relationship with his organization to gather
environment. The need of forces and not disappear.
communication has made him Taking a huge leap in the
become closer to those of evolution of man, the first
his kind, to form clusters. societies gave way to what
Those groups allowed to form is known as cities, which
what is known as family, eventually led to the
because of mating reasons at country conception.
the beginning. But his need
Countries started to take
to continue having
care of their borders when a
relationships resulted in
deeper sense of belonging
subsistence, and thus the
was generated. Similarly,
tribes and other
the transaction of goods
generated the barter at the
beginning, and also trade
networks between countries.
Initially, the trade was
carried out between the
immediate borders mainly
because of the basic needs
for those times and the
precariousness of means of
transport. But over time,
the relationship spanned far
beyond the periphery, and
used new territories as the
sea.
In ancient times there used
to exist some fears towards
the sea, as it wasn’t fully
known, so myths and legends
were around it. But
6 UNIVERSITY OF CHILE . . . . . . . . GERSON GONZÁLEZ LÓPEZ + CRISTÓBAL RIVEROS BRIEBA
INTRODUCTION
after the discovery of That is why we have decided
America, the man turned to focus our work on the
towards its conquest. Over study of the coastal city of
time, the sea stopped to be Turku, Finland. With the
a frontier and it turned study of this city, we want
into one more road, full of to analyze the conquest of
wealth and opportunities to the coastline, and its
communicate with distant development linked to a
lands. This was how ports primarily economic topic.
started to be established as Besides, we want to show how
a great gateway for foreign this could condition the
trade. There were other port facilities to be the
developments such as the protagonist during the
steam locomotive that development of the city, and
brought the borders even explain the relation between
closer, and after that with the coast and the interior.
the aviation the world was
From the study of the port,
covered in all its
we will try to develop other
dimensions.
topics such as the
Returning to the thematic of relationship of Turku with
the Sea as a route of the Baltic Sea, plus a
transportation, the cities personal work that will be
began to flourish around explained during the
their ports, so the development of the report.
influence of these places on We hope to introduce these
country development isn’t issues with a reasonable
low. If we consider our approach and that as
Chilean reality, we think foreigners, not part of the
that the sea can mean the local context, we will try
great pillar of the economy, to deal with this matter
as an access to the outside respectfully.
world. Our country, with a
long coastline, has several
of its cities founded near
the coast.
OBJECTIVES
The main objective of this take the most significant
Seminar is to develop a points, which could be
piece of research carried useful for the research.
out in the city of Turku, •The Place: An overview of
Finland, taking advantage of the history of Turku, to be
our 6-month stay in this able to characterize the
country at the Tampere place. Thus, with complete
University of Technology data, it will be easier to
(T.U.T). and considering the get closer to the Finnish
work done during the course reality.
“Urban Design and Planning”.
•Current Project: A revision
as a tool. The theme will be of what is going on in Turku
will consider the following city, in relation to its
stages: urbanism and development.
•Motivation: Introduction to •The City and its areas: The
the main topic. While the most significant zoning will
report is developed, we will be shown, and from that we
try to answer questions such hope to get new solutions
as: and several conclusions.
Why should we work in •Own Project: As a
Turku? Does it represent a preliminary sketch, we will
real input for those who try present our own ideas that
to understand the different could help to improve the
phenomena in the city? city of Turku.
•Variables to consider: From •Conclusions: Based on all

the local reality, we’ll try the topics previously
to find a possible modus developed, we will try to
define certain newer ideas
operandi or some kind of
that show the relationship
strategy to follow.
between the existing
•References: From successful information and our own
foreign examples, we’ll try work.
to
OBJECTIVES
We hope that our work will
represent one step forward
towards the understanding of
architecture, for both,
Finnish and Chilean
professionals. More than an
absolute solution, we would
like this report to be used
as some kind of research
material for professionals
and students as this stage,
one of the last ones before
joining the professional
life.
: : : : VARIABLES TO CONSIDER
PROBLEMATICS
GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE BALTIC SEA

Until the mid 60’s, the
Baltic Sea water was quite
clean, but after many abuses
committed by countries
developing their production
and taking no care of
pollution, this sea became
one of the most highly
contaminated of the world,
receiving the wastes of an
area of more than 70 million
inhabitants. This
constitutes approximately
15% of the industrial
production from the planet.
The great quantity of
industrial and agricultural
waste spilled into the Sea,
becomes a toxic burden that
contaminates its waters in
an irreversible way. This
fact, added to the
difficulty of water
renovation, due to the
physical and natural
characteristics of the
Baltic Sea, such as its low
salinity, low depth, and its
closed location with one
unique way out to the sea
through a strait, gives as a
result a densely polluted
Sea, surrounded by
industrial coasts, without
clear
PROBLEMATICS
possibilities of renovation
or water cleaning.
The four most polluting
factors of the Baltic Sea
are:
•Oil dumping
•Eutrophication
•Bioaccumulation of toxic
substances
•Accidental discharges of
toxic and dangerous waste
Oil Dumping: According to
the studies done between
years 1960 and 1997, 127 oil
dumpings have occurred,
which means over 37 tons, in
the area between Baltic Sea
and North Sea. It is
important to highlight that
10% of hydrocarbon dumping
is originated in the sea
itself, while the rest comes
from polluted land. The
group coming from oil, and
called Polycyclic Aromatic
Hydrocarbons (PAH), is the
one that pollutes the most.
The PAH located in the
Baltic Sea are 3 times more
than in the North Sea.
PROBLEMATICS
Eutrophication: In ecology,
this is understood as the
input rather massive of
inorganic nutrients in an
aquatic ecosystem. This is
mainly due to the farming
pollution, specially diffuse
pollution of soil and
groundwater by inorganic
fertilizers from an
industrial origin, or animal
excrement from agricultural
enterprises. These cases
provide nitrogen,
phosphorus, potassium and
magnesium to the sea,
encouraging the massive
growth of algae. These
algae, when dead, fall to
the seafloor and decompose
drastically reducing the
oxygen from the sea, which
generates a high rate of
mortality in the aquatic
fauna. The Baltic Sea would
possess a 25% of their
seafloor turned into desert
because of this factor.
Bioaccumulation: It is the
process of accumulation of
certain products within the
organisms. In the particular
case of the Baltic Sea, some
PROBLEMATICS
substances can be detected
such as PCBs, DDT and some
toxic metals in different
animals; like in the case of
seals, which due to its
declining population, have a
higher concentration of
toxic substances per sample.
Although the concentrations
of these substances have
been declining, the levels
are still ten times higher
than in the waters of the
North Sea.
Toxic and dangerous Waste:
According to the directives
of the European Union toxic
and dangerous waste are
those which contain certain
concentrations:
• As, Cd, Be, Pb, Se, Te,
Hg, Sb and compounds
• Compounds of soluble
copper
•Phenol, ether, organic
solvents, carcinogenic
polycyclic aromatic
hydrocarbons
•Isocyanates, organic and
inorganic cyanides
•Biocides and phyto
pharmaceutical compounds
PROBLEMATICS
•Pharmaceutical Compounds
•Powder and asbesto fibers
•Peroxide, chlorates and
perchlorates
•Metal Carbonilos
•Acids and bases used in the
treatment of metals
•Hexavalent chromium
compounds
•Not inert Organichalogen
•Industrial Waste
•Unidentified Chemical
Laboratory compounds or new
environmental compounds of
unknown effects
•Thallium and its compounds
•Titanium dioxide industry
waste
•The mineral or synthetic
oils, including mixtures:
water-oil and emulsions.
PROBLEMATICS
This disconnection between
GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE COAST IN BALTIC SEA REGION

With the birth of maritime
trade in Northern Europe, in city and sea is increased by
the development of the port
the middle of the seventh companies, which support the
century, the coast of the economy and stability of
Baltic area was valued as a these cities. The port
strategic area of exchange progress brings new
and products processing. As supporting infrastructure,
such as railway lines, and
far back as in the 13th coastal road structures and
Century, German cities intercity connection with
recently founded, expanded neighbouring merchant
new markets for Western cities. This generates the
products expelling the expansion of the area of
influence and the city land
Scandinavian from the edge occupation by the port, and
of the Baltic Sea. After the as a result, the creation of
agreement between German and closer-edges that leave the
Flemish, associated cities city, physically and
between 70 and 80 in total, visually, unlinked from the
sea.
monopolized the Baltic
foreign trade, and with this On the other hand, the
action activated its progress of the cities
brings along an increase in
coastline and ports. the coastal population and a
It is in this way how the growth in all kinds of
industries and services in
coastal edge of the Baltic the coastal territory. This
Sea begins to be inhabited gradual occupation of land
and populated; the first and alteration of the
motivation to conquer the environment as a result of
sea front was under a purely urbanization, construction
and a low control of toxic
economic and strategically spill by industries, is the
commercial spirit. It is main problem that the coast
because of this reason that of the Baltic Sea is
there is an absence of clear actually going through.
urban linkages between city Although nature is present
in these cities, the
and sea, a fact recognized concrete on the dock edge
in several of the coastal has become a barrier between
cities of the Baltic region. the sea and city and hence
between nature and city.
PROBLEMATICS
After defining those global characteristics of the City.
TURKU PROBLEMS
problems that exist inside This disconnection has been
the Turku area, we can started by more than one
identify the two main issues disruptive factor existing
that should be revisited in the City. Its origin as a
briefly. port city, already
presented, determined its
The pollution of the waters structure and organization
near Turku harbor is an with its center sheltered
environmental problem with inland and along the border
shared responsibility among ready for port activities,
the Baltic Sea members. It completely denied by the
is common knowledge that one City at first. Besides, the
of the biggest polluters in progress of the Port
the Baltic Sea is Russia, companies expands its
while the damage produced by occupation in the city,
Finland (particularly Turku) turning the coastal edge
is small compared to its into a private compound
peers. Even the denying the access of the
environmental conflict in inhabitants to its sea.
the Sea involves Turku, The society of a country in
because the city owns an progress, like Finland, can
exit in the coast to this perfectly manage basic
place, so it’s extremely survival situations. It
important to consider this starts a new development
fact in any design. The process where new needs and
implications and impact of concerns can be identified,
any solution or urban reorganizing the cities,
strategy has to be valuing its history, its
evaluated, to take care of culture and its landscapes
Turku environment. are watched with a different
The other problem that prism than before, looking
affects the City, the for other activities
disassociation between increasingly relevant as
marine border and City and leisure. Thus, we see that
its possible solution, would the role of coastal urban
be the main objective of edge is in question,
becoming very important to
this report. We will try to study the new concept of how
evaluate variables to to use the coast which sets
consider in order to reach a the current context of
logical answer with the Turku.
: : : : REFERENCES
REFERENCE
REHABILITATION EDGE HARBOR

Project Barón Port+Viña del Mar+Chile
NICOLAS NAZER CORVALAN
Project Puerto Madero+Buenos

Aires+Argentina
CAPM S.A. [OLD PUERTO MADERO CORPORATION]
REFERENCE
LIGHTHOUSE-BUILDING
CESAR PELLI Sun Box Tower+Sevilla+Spain
WS ATKINS & PARTNERS Burj al Arab Hotel+Dubai+UAE
ARQUITECTIA The South Gate+Project Puerto Madero+Buenos Aires+Argentina
JEAN NOUVEL
Peirao XXI+Project Vigo Port+Galicia+Spain
REFERENCE
BOARDWALK DESIGN
Whale Boardwalk+Puerto
Montt+Chile
South Bank Boardwalk+Melbourne+Australia
Puerto MaderoBoardwalk+Buenos Aires+Argentina
Rambla del Mar Boardwalk+Barcelona+Spain
: : : : THE PLACE
HISTORY
FINLAND: ETERNAL LAND FIGHTS

This Scandinavian country is
actually the consequence of
several centuries of wars
between the Swedish Kingdom
and the Novgord Republic –
part of Imperial Russia- for
Finnish lands. However, the
cultural, religious and
idiosyncratic legacy is
awarded to Sweden, thanks to
the 700 years under its
kingdom, which started
during the Christianity
restauration in 1154. As a
result of this great
influence, Swedish is used
as the second official
language, Turku city becomes
the capital of trade,
religion, culture and
studies with the University
of Turku.
After this period, Finland
starts to lose influence and
power in front of Sweden,
because of several wars won
by the Imperial Russia,
being interesting to
highlight the Finnish War
from 1808 to 1809. The
aftermath of this war left
Helsinki as the new
administrative and
university capital, with the
University of
HISTORY
Helsinki under the orders of
the Zar Alexander I. The
Country was the autonomous
Grand Duchy of Finland as
part of Imperial Russia,
until 1917 when Finland got
the independence from
Russia.
The wars continued until the
end of the Second World War,
where treaties with U.S.S.R.
were signed, together with
the establishment of the
“Iron Curtain” that cut off
the relationship between the
Soviet Union and Europe.
Finland started its European
integration by joining the
European Free Trade
Association (EFTA), which
was meant for those
countries that had been left
outside the 1957 European
Economy Community (EEC)
agreement. In 1973, Finland
created connections to EEC,
and became full member in
1995. The dissolution of the
Soviet Union in 1991 changed
the pact between Russia and
Finland speeded up Finland’s
EU membership, although it
was not its direct cause.
HISTORY
TURKU: HISTORICALLY A CAPITAL

The first settlements in the
Turku Region took place
after the Ice Age, between
years 4200-3300 BC, so it’s
the most ancient city from
Finland. As many of the
medieval cities, there is no
exact date of its
foundation, but some data
say that Turku was born
around 1150, as a meeting
point between inhabitants of
the interior of the country
and sailors looking for
merchandise to exchange.
That is how the name of the
city can be understood,
because the word Turku is a
Finnish name, which comes
from the ancient Russian
word türgü- that means
market. Already during that
period, the harbor is
consolidated and the city
around it, being located in
the shore of the Aura.
HISTORY
TURKU, CONDITIONED BY HISTORY

TURKU AND ITS GOLDEN ERA
Because of its role as the When Russia takes hold of
exchange centre of culture the Turku Region after the
and trade, during the Finnish War, and for
Swedish Kingdom, Turku was strategic reasons, Turku
the great capital of stops being the capital of
Finland. In 1640 with the the country given its
Turku Academy, the capital vulnerable situation of
was already considered as closeness to Sweden. After
the first college city of this, Helsinki becomes the
Finland, therefore the capital of the Great Duchy
capital of studies, religion of Finland. In this same
and new trends. way, the Zar Alexander I,
after the great fire of
Turku during year 1827,
orders to build a new
University but this time in
the new capital, Helsinki.
So, this is how Turku has to
rebuild, reorder and
redefine itself, until it
gets to be the new city that
we know today.
HISTORY
TURKU: THE HISTORICAL HARBOR OF FINLAND

The Port of Turku counts
with a 850-year tradition of
Trade and Shipping. It was
founded on a natural trading
post at the mouth of the
River Aura. The first
settlement of the Turku
region after the Ice Age
took place roughly from
4200-3300 BC. The settlement
expanded as the land rose,
and gradually it drew the
traders to the River Aura.
The first time that Turku
was mentioned in history was
in a geographical
presentation in 1154 by Al
Idris, a learned Arabian in
Palermo, and it appeared
under the name of Abuwa.
During the Middle Ages the
Port and the City spread
along the riverbank. During
that time, there were
frequent foreign connections
from the Port, especially to
the Hanseatic town of
Danzig. After the age of the
windjammers, steamships took
over and started regular
traffic to Stockholm in the
1830’s.
HISTORY
Turku was an important
wartime port during both the
Crimean War and the First
World War. After the Second
World War, the Pansio
military harbor was located
in Turku, and today the main
base of the Finnish Navy is
located there.
Because of the Port location
at the mouth of River Aura,
it was necessary to start
dredging early on in order
to provide sufficient
draught. The first official
port organization was the
dredging committee, founded
in 1739, and this
association gradually grew
into the Port Authority.
With the help of workers and
entrepreneurs in the Port,
the place has been running
for almost a millennium in
order to enhance the
connections from Finland to
Scandinavia, Continental
Europe and Russia, and the
Port developed over time
into the modern passenger
and unitized cargo harbor
that exists today.
HISTORY
The birth and development of
the port have always been
essential elements of the
evolution of the City of
Turku until today. It means
a source of employment for
many of its inhabitants and
has influenced Turku
activities into its roots,
as culture and changes
within society. It has also
laid the foundations for
trading and international
contacts.
HISTORY
: : : : CURRENT PROJECT
BALTIC SEA ACTIONS
ACTIONS BY HELSINKI AND TURKU

(According to the communiqué Pollutant Factors:
of the group Helsinki-Turku:
•The natural conditions in
“Actions by the cities of
the Baltic Sea, as low
Helsinki and Turku for
depth, its location between
improving the state of the
close straits of water and
Baltic Sea”)
low salinity of the water
The cadastre, determines the promote pollution.
following diagnosis:
•The Baltic Sea is
•The industrial wastes,
considered as one of the
agricultural and population
seas with greater quantity
contribute to the pollution
of pollutants and toxic
of the Baltic Sea coast.
substances in its waters.
•The Eutrophication is one
of the biggest problems of •The increase in the
the Baltic Sea, caused by transport of hazardous
high levels of minerals from chemicals and petroleum is
the catchment area threatening to turn the
consisting of 14 countries, Baltic Sea into a marine
four times the area of the desert because of the
same Sea. toxicity of the substances
and its unsuccessful
•The Gulf of Finland is the
elimination.
most devastated area by
eutrophication, being the
main area to solve.
Actions by the cities:
•The discharge of oil and
1.Reducing the amount of
hazardous chemicals is a
point loading.
major threat, because they
are very dense and toxic •Improving the cities sewage
solutions, which can not be networks
eliminated in its entirety.
BALTIC SEA ACTIONS
2.Reducing diffuse 6.Research projects and the
pollution. establishment of a
•Reducing agricultural professorship.
loading •In cooperation with
•Reduction of wastewater universities, institutes of
emissions from scattered higher education, and
settlement areas research institutes, the
cities participate in
technical/scientific
3.Dredging of contaminated research projects dealing
sediment. with improving the state of
•Dredging to remediate the the Baltic Sea.
areas of worst pollution by
organotin compounds or other 7.To establish a fund for
hazardous substances. the protection of the
archipelago in association
with the Centrum Balticum
4.Reducing the wastewater
foundation.
discharges from shipping and
boating. •Turku will establish the
Archipelago Protection Fund
•Change the harbor dues so in association with the
that a wastewater charge is Centrum Balticum foundation.
automatically included in
the vessel waste fee,
irrespective of whether the 8.Increasing awareness about
vessel discharges its the state of the Baltic Sea.
wastewater to land or not. •Increase the awareness of
the municipal residents
5.International cooperation. about their possibilities to
contribute to improve the
•The cities support state of the Baltic Sea by,
international environmental for example, organising
projects focusing on the thematic evenings and
Baltic Sea through their own information events, and by
networks, such as through increasing cooperation with
cooperation with BaltMet, or other actors.
the Union of the Baltic
Cities.
PROJECT
NODE INTERMODAL LOGISTICS TURKU - LOGICITY

Turku is located as a
junction of Northern
European traffic. Turku is
the bridgehead between the
growing markets of the East
and West. The city also
offers Finland’s fast
connections to Scandinavia.
As part of the Trans-

European Network (TEN), the
Nordic Triangle traffic
corridor that links together
the capitals of Denmark,
Norway, Sweden, Finland and
St. Petersburg is a key area
of EU logistics development.
Turku’s role is to link the
different modes of transport
in the Finnish section of
the corridor to Sweden via a
sea and train ferry
connection.
Located at the junction of

Turku Airport, railway
connections to Russia and on
to China, the motorway into
Central Finland and the E18
ring road, the LogiCity area
forms an attractive cluster
for other companies.
PROJECT
The program of scheduled
TURKU CULTURAL CAPITAL OF EUROPE 2011

In this proposal, Turku is
recognized as a city projects on the eve of the
undervalued and relegated in year 2011 are:
its historic role of 1.Memories and Truths:
political-administrative, Construction of the future
religious, university and based on the past.
cultural capital of Finland.
•Exhibition of historic
The slogan of the company is fires in Turku.
"Turku on Fire", recalling
the fire of 1827 that almost •Time Machine: Project about
completely erased the the study of history.
history of the city, but •Bordering Memories: project
once rebuilt on the between Finland, Estonia and
foundations of the former Russia bringing back
Turku, seeks to foster the memories and points of view
development of a city port based on a shared past.
generating a unique identity
and entertainment 2.Transformations: Findings
attractions. drawn from the existing
urban experience, giving way
The objective of this to new forms of experiences
proposal is to achieve a over time and space, and the
national organization to experience of the physical
revalue the city, and by changes of the city.
taking advantage of its
quality door from the sea, 3.Exploring the Archipelago:
to empower Turku as the It aims at consolidating the
showcase for access to Baltic Sea as a center of
Finland. events, activated through
the foreign cruises
encouraging the
PROJECT
entry of tourists to the
city. On the other hand, it
will try to activate the
area by encouraging the
occupation of the
archipelago by the people of
Turku.
4.Take-offs: Seeking to
enhance the unique and
special elements in the
region, it intends to
rediscover the art and the
urban underground through
projects to support
introspection in the culture
and everyday life typical of
Turku.
•Forum-Turku Design 2011
•The Unexpected City, which
displays the unexpected of
daily life in Turku.
URBAN DESIGN CONTEST
URBAN PROJECTS IN TURKU

(Public Competition
organized by the
Municipality of Turku)
To follow below there are 3
areas called for public
tender, which seek to
recover the function of
areas damaged as a result of
unemployment in urban
infrastructure.
Kakola
This area becomes a green
oasis with a spectacular
view over the city. In
addition to a park,
apartments and facilities
for the creative industry it
will also be located on the
Kakola Hill.
Skanssi
This area will include
several programs in a
landscape near the
archipelago. The main areas
will include housing area,
trading area and services.
Ratapiha
This project near the City
center will include a new
train station mixed with
other services like shopping
centers and housing areas.
Kakola
This Project aims at

recycling the ex Turku
Prison building. A whole new
educational complex with its
own infraestructure will
function in the area.
The location of the ex-jail
is at the top of Kakola
Hill, so it has the
privilege of viewing the
whole City. It is also
surrounded by beautiful
nature that plays the role
of Turku´s natural lung.
The good conections between
the centre and the housing
estates together with the
equipment that can be reused
constitute the strengths of
the selected project without
spoiling the natural quality
of Kakola Hill.
Skanssi The covered shopping centre
features large glass
HARTELA/ Arkkitehtitoimisto
exteriors allowing the
Helin + CO
visitors a view of the
Skanssi, the new suburban surrounding landscape with
centre in the eastern region its forests, rocks and a
of the City of Turku, is network of natural paths,
located in a natural all combined to create an
landscape near the excellent setting for
archipelago. recreation and leisure.
The buildings will be placed The design respects the
along the base of the cultural history of the
Skanssi hill in the form of area. For example, fruit
a crescent. trees will be planted in the
valley which once held
flourishing orchards. The
proximity to nature is also
mirrored in the material
selection: the surfaces of
the buildings vary between
brick, plaster, wood, and
natural stone. The new
Skanssi area centre will be
comprised of unique, compact
quarters surrounded by a
network of green areas.
With both residential
buildings and a commercial
centre, Skanssi is aiming at
becoming a versatile and
natural entity.
Ratapiha
The program proposed for

this project is to create a
new intermodal station for
trains and buses,
complemented with a shopping
centre and housing estates
around the station. The main
feature of this project is
its linear availability that
covers an important area of
Turku, so the impact of the
project in the city will be
important.
The project is placed on the
site without affecting the
nature due to its
transparent materials that
give the impresion of being
light and at the same time
not creating physical limits
with the city.
: : : : THE CITY & ITS AREAS
THE GREATER REGION
THE BALTIC SEA

It is an interior sea in the
northern region of Europe
that opens to the northern
sea, reaching the Atlantic
Ocean through the straits of
Kattegat and Skagerrak. It’s
exactly placed between the
Scandinavian Peninsula –
Sweden and Finland-,
Denmark, Poland, Kaliningrad
and the three Baltic
Countries: Lithuania, Latvia
and Estonia.
The extension of the Baltic

Sea is about 432.800 km2 and
includes two big gulfs,
Finland Gulf –between the
Finnish country and Estonia-
and Botnia Gulf –between the
east coast of Sweden and the
west coast of Finland. Its
waters are not so deep, with
an average depth of 57mts,
and a deepest area of 459mt,
in the north part of the
Swedish island of Gotland.
THE GREATER REGION
It’s a Sea with low level of
salinity compared to other
seas and oceans, because of
its high latitude that
produces low water
evaporation which is also
combined with the big input
of sweet water from the many
rivers that are located in
the region. Coastal
countries as Baltic
Republics, Poland and
Kaliningrad compose the
basin that drains to Baltic
Sea, besides the Check
Republic, Slovakia, Ukraine
and Byelorussia that
indirectly contribute water
to the sea waterway, in
spite of not having coasts.
One of the wealths of the

Baltic Sea is its amber
deposit, both in quality and
quantity, being only
surpassed by Mexico and
Dominican Republic,
extracting between 500 and
800 millions of this
mineral.
THE GREATER REGION
ARCHIPELAGO
There are over 20.000
islands in the Turku
Archipelago. They are near
the Turunmaa Archipelago,
which comprises the Swedish
speaking municipalities in
[UUSIKAUPUNKI] [LOIMAA] the islands. This is the
largest archipelago in the
Baltic and there are even
more islands than
inhabitants. The chain of
[TURKU] islands and rocky islets
extends towards the sea for
[SALO] 100 km south west of Turku,
and the landscape varies
from large island and
greenish islets to bald rock
islets in the outer
[ACHIPELAGO] archipelago. Only the most
relevant islands are going
to be mentioned in this
summary, that could later on
help with the report.
The eastern area of the
archipelago comprises the
island of Kimito with its
islets (it’s divided in 3
different municipalities),
and Särkisalo. The region is
easily accessible by car or
boat. The community of
Särkisalo is located to the
east of the island. The most
important industries in all
four
THE GREATER REGION
municipalities are farming,
fishing and small-scale
industry, large-scale
industry to some extent, the
service trade and tourism.
The western region is the
largest area of the
archipelago. It has an-80 km
-long route and it includes
3 ferries. The communities
differ considerably from
each other with respect to
occupational structure.
Pargas is characterized by
industry and the service
trade, while Nagu, Korpo,
Houtskär and Iniö by
farming, fishing and
fishfarming, the service
trade and small-scale
industry. All its
communities are bilingual,
where the majority of
inhabitants speak Swedish as
their mother tongue. The
State of Finland is an
important employer in the
archipelago, as many people
are employed by the army and
the local ferry and boat
services. The extensive
Archipelago National Park
begins at the South of Korpo
and Nagu, with flora and
fauna diverse and unique.
THE GREATER REGION
In the northern area, its
character is similar to the
inner archipelago with its
verdant landscape. A number
of the communities here are
engaged in typical of the
archipelago livelihoods:
farming, fishing, small-
scale industry and tourism.
The main difference with the
eastern and western areas,
is that here, the majority
of the inhabitants speaks
Finnish as their mother
tongue, and they have always
and since history is
recorded, connections have
been maintained with the
mainland of Finland, Åland
and Sweden. The biggest
community in the region is
Taivassalo to the east with
1,900 inhabitants Further
eastward is Askainen, and in
the south of this one is
located Velkua, small island
community of 240
inhabitants. There are other
small places like Merimasku
and Naantali. Further to the
south is Rymättylä, that is
only a short trip from
Turku, Pargas and Napu.
THE GREATER REGION
THE SUB REGION

Uusikaupunki Sub-Region
This city has a population
of approximately 16.200
inhabitants, and the
population density is 32.99
inhabitants per km². The
most significant industries
in this place are car-
manufacturing, chemical
industry, metal industry and
fish processing. It belongs
to Finland Proper (Southwest
Finland), with other 53
municipalities including
Turku.
Loimaa Sub-Region
This place consists of 10
lively municipalities,
including the town of
Loimaa. In the spacious
Loimaa sub-region there are
approximately 37.000
inhabitants, 16
inhabitants/Km2. This region
also belongs to the Finland
Proper Region. The city and
district of Loimaa have a
very favourable geographic
and logistic location inside
a triangle generated by the
cities of Turku, Tampere and
Helsinki.
THE GREATER REGION
Salo Sub-Region
During 17th century, Salo
used to be one of the
biggest export ports in
Finland. Salo city has about
25,000 inhabitants, a region
that also belongs to the
Finland Proper Region. This
place is statistically the
leading region in the
production of electronics in
Finland, having a big
importance in the work with
brands as Nokia, Nordic ID
wireless products, etc. The
region’s other lucrative
fields of business include
the metal, plastics and
carpentry industries. One of
its best known industrial
areas is Meriniitty. The
Salo region is located
alongside the nationally
important motorway and
railway routes, close to
both Turku and Helsinki. The
municipality of Salo has a
population of 24,878, with a
population density is 173.50
inhabitants per km2.
THE PORT
THE PORT OF TURKU TODAY

Turku represents the second
most important port for
general and unitized cargo
in Finland after Helsinki.
It’s also the only train
ferry harbor in Finland,
which means that the whole
of Finland is hinterland of
the Port of Turku. Located
in the most accessible part
of the country, the modern
and sheltered Port seems to
be growing beyond big
nowadays, serving all of
Scandinavia, Northern
Europe, the Baltic States
and Russia.
In the case of the Baltic
Sea, it has become an
increasingly important area
for marine transports
because of the economic
growth. The emphasis now
lies on regular routes and
unitized cargo. That is why
the position of the Port of
Turku as a central
crossroads in the transport
chain has been strengthened.
The importance of being the
only train ferry harbor in
Finland is big. This way of
transport intensely supports
the
THE PORT
development of this
environmentally friendly
means of transport. Also,
the Port of Turku actively
cooperates with the
destination ports of regular
liner traffic. The objective
is to make services and
operations even more
efficient. Sufficient
capacity and smooth
connections secure excellent
basis for growth and
operations in the future,
too.
Connections with Europe and

Asia
Turku has traditionally
served as the gate to
Europe. The Port of Turku is
a core area in the zone well
known as “Nordic Triangle”
(Nordic Triangle Sea
Motorway ™), which is an
important TEN (Trans
European Network) project of
the European Union. The main
route of the Motorway
consists of triangle ro-ro
and container feeder traffic
between the ports, and it
should be fully at work by
the year 2010. The E18 road
THE PORT
connects the national •Motorway of the Sea of
markets on the northern part Western Europe - leading
of the triangle providing from Portugal and Spain via
access to Russia and Asia. the Atlantic Arc to the
The eastern side of the North Sea and the Irish Sea
triangle connects southern
•Motorway of the Sea of
Finland and northern Germany
South-East Europe -
via the Baltic Sea. The
connecting the Adriatic Sea
western side connects
to the Ionian Sea and the
northern Germany and Norway
Eastern Mediterranean,
providing access to the
including Cyprus
Northern Sea and over the
Atlantic. The main partners •Motorway of the Sea of
of the Nordic Triangle Sea South-West Europe - Western
Motorway project are the Mediterranean, connecting
Southwest Finland Ports of Spain, France, Italy and
Turku and Naantali, the including Malta and linking
Ports of Stockholm, the Port with the Motorway of the Sea
of Hamburg and Hamburg Port of South-East Europe and
Authority, the Port of including links to the Black
Rostock, and the Port of Sea
Kristiansand.
The Turku region development
Basically there are four strategies focus strongly on
Motorways of the Sea logistics. The region is the
corridors in Europe: centre of Scandinavian
traffic in Finland, and the
•Motorway of the Baltic Sea
Port of Turku has played a
- linking the Baltic Sea
major role in achieving that
Member States with Member
place. Regional logistics
States in Central and
projects also support the
Western Europe, including
development of the Port of
the route through the North
Turku, improving for example
Sea/Baltic Sea Canal
THE PORT
transport solutions and Port of Turku and the
equipment. environment
Turku has acted for The Port of Turku is located
centuries as the commercial in a unique archipelago, in
and mental bond between one of the borders of the
Finland and the rest of Baltic Sea. The Baltic Sea
Europe. For example the great pollution is
passenger traffic to and absolutely indisputable due
from Stockholm and to different reasons which
continental Europe has will be explained further on
continued for over a hundred in this report. This is why
years, with almost 4 million it is necessary to clarify
travellers per year, and that the Port of Turku works
passenger traffic is still actively with its co-
one of the key operations of operation partners mainly in
the Port of Turku. Ferries Finland in order to develop
departing from Turku are operations and services so
also an increasingly popular that they cause less harm
route to continental Europe. and threats to the
That is because of the new environment.
bridge between Malmö and
At the moment, the Port of
Copenhagen that also makes
Turku has an ISO 9001
Turku more accessible to the
quality standard and ISO
rest of Europe. It is also
14001 environmental
Finland’s leading port in
standard. For the time
terms of Scandinavian
being, the resources are
transport and number two in
focused on the development
unit cargo to and from
of preventive measures,
continental Europe.
waste collection and sorting
Furthermore, an
as well as discharges
international airport, only
decreasing. The Harbor
8 kilometres away, allows a
annually draws up an
variety of transport
environmental management
solutions.
THE PORT
program that defines the In addition to the above,
individual actions to there are 5 different areas,
improve the environmental distributed along the
issues and also to prevent harbor.
contamination of the
TCT: Turku Container
environment, so there is
Terminal
environmental legislation
and regulations awareness TAT: Turku Auto Terminal
and compliance with them.
TEL: Turku Eastern
Services of the Port of Landbridge
Turku
TDC: Turku Distribution
The Port of Turku offers Centre
several services for
TCP: Turku Cruise Port
customers and companies. The
development of the report TCT: Turku Container
will not be influenced by Terminal
these issues, but it is
This new terminal was built
relevant to mention them:
in the West Harbor with the
•Electricity supply for latest technology applied.
vessels This area offers container
•Pilotage loading and unloading
•Mooring and unmooring of services in its own
vessels facilities, instead of
•Water supply for vessels having to do it at the
•Harbor cranes customer’s premises. The
•Cargo scales working group that handles
•Port control the area includes experts of
•Waste management different fields, for
instance, from the forest
*(There is still vacant industry, shipping companies
spaces in the Port, and stevedore companies.
warehouse space and land Basically the TCT consists
areas for storage available of:
for lease).
Two container terminals
with modern equipment
THE PORT
•Loading and unloading of TEL: Turku Eastern Land-
units and containers in the bridge
Port's facilities
Turku counts with the only
•Efficient container train ferry harbor in
handling Finland, so the City
provides a wide variety of
TAT: Turku Auto Terminal
services and aims at
There are long time promoting the continuous
traditions of car imports in growth of train ferry
Turku and its Port, so there traffic. As environmental
is plenty of experience in safety increases the
this area. In addition, importance of train ferry
sufficient space is reserved traffic, new developments
for cars, and the start to appear. One
connections to Turku and important project is the
further on to other Eastern Land-bridge, the
locations in Finland are logistics corridor reaching
excellent. The car import from Stockholm via Turku to
companies operating with the Russia that ties together
Turku Auto Terminal product the market areas of
concept are continuously Scandinavia and Russia. The
developing their services. co-operation partners in the
Basically the TAT consists project, in addition to the
of: Ports of Turku and
Stockholm, are Green Cargo
•Fast connections and
AB, SeaRail EEIG and VR
tailored services
Cargo. Basically the TCP
•Information technology consists of:
efficient utilization
•Geographically suitable
potential
location in the Baltic Sea
•Guarded large areas and transport corridor
safe facilities for cars
•Frequent connections
ensuring efficiency
THE PORT
•Many additional services consists of:
•Transfer loading of railway •Over 225 hectares of land
carriages indoors area
•European and Finnish track •Several terminal and
gauges. warehouse buildings
TDC: Turku Distribution •All Models of transports
Centre can be efficiently utilised
The Port of Turku is Project Development together
continuously developing with the customers
terminal and warehouse
TCP: Turku Cruise Port
operations to support the
traffic in the port. This Cruise traffic is growing
strengthens significantly rapidly in the tourism
the position of the Turku industry, and the Baltic Sea
economic region as a natural is becoming more and more
distribution centre and the popular as a cruise
TDC represents the centre of destination. Although Turku
Scandinavian traffic in is an old city, with almost
Finland. The Free Zone 8 hundred years, it’s is
Company area includes many fairly new on the cruise
warehouses for different map, with its archipelago
needs in over 20 hectares, with some 20000 islands and
and a land area of about 37 islets. The Turku Cruise
hectares is reserved for the Port is actively promoting
use of the Port’s customers. the destination to the
There are terminal cruise industry, and it’s a
warehouses, lorry terminals founder member of the Cruise
and metal industry in the Baltic Project.
continuously developing
area. Basically the TDC
THE CITY
TURKU TODAY
The City of Turku was
founded at Koroinen, a few
kilometres from the Turku
market square. The trade
took place on this
historical site during the
1150's, and in 1229 the
bishopric was transferred
there as well.
Since its inception, the

city was located on the edge
of the river, with an urban
design simple and
orthogonal. This urban
model, as a “chess table”
pattern, allows a free
expansion of the city while
needs of the population
grow, it also represents the
national policy on the
democratic distribution of
land to citizens. It’s still
possible to recognize the
basic structure of Turku, in
the old town.
After rebuilding the city,

because of the great fire in
1827, Turku adopted new
standards and criteria for
the urban design. Thus,
today it is a city of broad
interior streets, in the
THE CITY
event of the need for a mass
evacuation prompted by a
sinister; an orthogonal grid
in its urban center, in
search of rebuilding the old
layout of the city. While
the city grows further from
the river, the types of
buildings are more varied,
as also the order in their
layout, because it is no
longer strictly orthogonal.
The design becomes in a grid
guided by the morphology of
the city including the
existing topography and its
environment.
The Aura River has been the
main witness of the
evolution of the city and
its changes over the
history. That’s why it can
be regarded as the heart of
Turku, because the city life
is focused around the river,
near where there are some of
the most interesting
sightseeings, including the
Turku Castle and Finland's
National Shrine, the Turku
Cathedral, for example. The
Old Grand Market Square and
the site of the declaration
of Christmas Peace every
year, are also located by
Aura.
THE CITY
Geographical location and Area
City centre (Market Square) 60o27.1’N, 22o16.2’E
Land surface area, km2 245.7 Total area, km2 .............306.4
Planned area, km2 90.9 Population per km2 2006 714
Climate 2006
Mean annual Average number of hours
temperature, oC ............6.9 of sunshine per month
Max. temperature, oC ..29.8 Jan.- March ...................98
Min. temperature, oC ..-21.4 June – Aug. .................333
Precipitation, mm .........722 Mean temperature
Rainy days, 1971-2000, oC ..................5.2
(> 0,0 mm) ...............172 Average precipitation
1971-2000, mm ...............698
City personnel on 31st of December 2006 .............14,072
POPULATION Population on 31st of Dec.
1970 1980 1990 2006
Total ......................152,210 163,680 159,180 175,354
Men .....................70,065 75,840 73,502 82,148
Age distribution, %
0-14 .........................20.9 18.1 15.6 13.3
15-64 .......................69.3 68.5 68.2 69.4
65+ ............................9.8 13.4 16.2 17.3
Changes in population 2006* Net domestic
Births ........................1,819 migration ....................17
Deaths ......................1,765 Net immigration from
Intermunicipal migration abroad .........................419
Inmigration ............9,887 Total change
Outmigration .........9,870 in population ................490
THE CITY
Families 2005
Total ...........................................................................44,670
Average family size, persons ............................................2.6
Proportion of single-parent families
of families with children, % .............................................27.7
HOUSING Households 2005
Total ............................................................................92,707
households of one person, % .....................................49.9
five persons or more, % ...............................................2.8
Average household size, persons ...................................1.82
1980 2005
Buildings ................................................... 14,446 20,062
of which residential ............................... 12,339 16,725
detached houses ..................................... 9,927 14,262
Summer cottages ....................................... 1,853 2,546
Total of individual dwellings ...................... 74,593 102,304
detached houses, % ................................. 21.3 25.8
apartments, % ........................................... 77.2 72.0
Households in owner-occupied dwellings, % 62.7 52.0
1995 2005
Average size of dwellings/person, m2 ........... 34.2 37.1
COMMERCIAL LIFE
House building 2006
Completed buildings ........................................................495
of which residential ......................................................290
Completed dwellings .......................................................587
their average floor area, m2 .........................................92.8
: : : : PROJECT
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CITY

Human beings are naturally of peace, privacy, space,
sociable by themselves and harmony, order and color”.
who need communication From those aims, each
between each other to society has established its
progress. This is how own reality.
settlements start to grow,
get bigger and become
cities. Because of this After many centuries, basic
constant change there is no needs as water and energy
absolute definition to supplies have spread quite
characterise all the cities. well, keeping some deficit
One definition that sounds in remote areas. Besides
more exact is from the urban those resources, nowadays
planner M. Webber, who there are five additional
defines it as “interaction, components of the technical
not place, that is the infrastructure that have had
essence of the city and city a critical influence on the
life”. Although this evolution of contemporary
definition was made in 1964, urban settlements:
it’s fairly useful for •Transportation Routes for
today, when everything is trains (steam at first, then
based on change. diesel and electric
locomotives)
•Transportation Routes for
Each society has had its own automobiles (internal
yearnings of making cities, combustion engine)
but there are several common
needs for all the cases. In •Aviation Routes (aircraft
the first place there are and air traffic control
basic human needs as systems)
psychologist Rudolph Arnheim •Communication grids for
said: “Hungry, cold and fear cable and wireless
are in same condition than telecommunications.
the need •Infrastructure for long-
distance heat distribution.
These kinds of communication are several common services
networks have developed at lower prices, but all
different settlements in this fast race of
density and location, which consumption is spending all
altogether form the whole the natural resources that
world. These links and their exist, gearing the Earth to
developments have also meant a catastrophe. It is
a change in the importance because of these reasons
of the time dimension and that sustainability is a
the shortening of space in common concern.
our perception of distances.
The access to products and
the movement of information, The concept sustainability
services and people is every was recognized after the
day faster, creating a more “Rio Declaration on
complete grid. Environment and Development
(1992)”. That word can be
divided in three parts:
This is how world environmental, economic and
development happens in an social. The basic
immeasurable fast way, where relationship is that
aspects such as counting with a balanced
globalization that gets economy and environment,
distances shorter, empowers social welfare can be
instant responses in every reached. In what concerns a
aspect. Every day barriers city and its surroundings,
are becoming more and more the important thing is that
invisible, existing only in technology and social
the frontiers between organization can manage to
countries. All over the recover the affected
world people are talking environment at the same time
about a giant communication that it is exploited, so as
net where there not to make resources
collapse.
This is how the new course regenerative resources and
set by sustainable distributes these fairly
development movement has as across the globe. So, there
its objective to create a is some kind of mission to
new way of life that is reconstruct the city. In
better adapted to the relation to this,
planet’s sustainable development has
two important topics:
•Sustainable development
places people into the
context of global
development and looks for
strategies to ensure the
survival of the biosphere in
its entirety. It expresses
belief in humankind’s
creative responsibility and
competence in the
development of the
biosphere.
•Sustainable development
calls for the creation of
autonomous regions that
define their central ideas
in open-ended time frames
spanning several
generations. These regions
recognize that regional
development must be based on
globally necessitated
resource restrictions and a
globally influenced exchange
of knowledge.
NETZSTADT MODEL
For the report we are going temporal or organizational
to recognize the main issues demarcations of the network.
that could be helpful to our They are also called the
design, taken from the perimeter or the scale of
Netzstadt Method. Those the network.
tools that could help
These elements together form
recognizing how to develop a
an open system. This is
sustainable city, in this
because the nodes inside the
case Turku.
system are linked to nodes
There have to be five that belong to other
criteria to evaluate urban systems. So, the system
quality allows an exchange of
people, goods and
•Identification
information with systems
•Diversity beyond its borders, i.e.
with its hinterlands.
•Flexibility
The Netzstadt Model defines
•Degree of self-sufficiency
5 scale levels that are
•Resource efficiency present in the city:
The urban system described •Individual
by the Netzstadt Model
•Local
consists of 3 elements:
•Communal
•Nodes: Locations marked by
a high density of people, •Regional
goods and information.
•National
•Connections: They represent
It also mentions that those
flows of people, goods and
systems are generated
information between nodes.
through human activity, and
•Borders: are the spatial, activity is
seen as an action by human
beings designed to satisfy
their needs. The human basic
activities are gathered in 4
groups:
•To nourish and recover
•To clean
•To reside and work
•To transport and
communicate
The study of earth
morphology is founded on the
next methodological
prerequisites:
•Landscape shapes as signs
•Landscape shapes in
geometrical abstraction
•Choice of image motif and
visual tools
The architecture of the
territory, from a
morphological perspective
includes:
•waters
•forest
•settlement
•agriculture
•infrastructure •The coherence of Territory
or of the Earth’s surface
•fallow land
•Boundaries and Thresholds
The study of all these
structures serves as the •Scale or Magnitude
foundation to classify the
•Tasks (Functions)
strengths and weaknesses of
urban quality in the •Urban granulation
selected territory. As a
•Urban resistances
whole combination of layers
that work together, each In the Netzstadt Method, six
city has its own features. basic morphological concepts
are applied, in ascending
Depending on the
order of complexity:
circumstances of
geographical latitude and •Contour or Boundary
regional culture, one or the
•Field
other combination of types
of territory dominates. In •Size
many of the Finnish cities
•Structure
like Turku, its environs are
forest, waters and •Figure
settlement
•Hierarchy
Morphologically, territories
can be regarded as hybrid
constructs, which are
assembled from attributes
resulting from natural
history and cultural
history. The decisive
attributes in an initial
approach to the architecture
of territory are:
THE OBJECTIVE AND PURPOSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL TOOLS

Basically, the metabolism of
urban systems designates the
physiological processes
(transport and
transformations of matter
and energy) in anthropogenic
ecological systems.
These are the essential
physical resources that can
be implemented in the Method
for the qualitative and
quantitative description of
nodes and flows:
•Water
•Food (biomass)
•Construction materials
•Energy
There are several
physiological indicators to
study urban systems:
•Density of inhabitants
•Density of workplaces
•Density of services
•Density of institutions
•Workforce (flows)
•Students (flows) •Basically, the Netzstadt
Method doesn’t generate
Additional desirable design. It helps supporting
indicators would include: analysis and structures of
•Consumers (flows) the work of design. It also
doesn’t develop new quality
•Information (flows in bits objectives for urban
and bytes) systems, for this normative
The long-term objective of powers are required which
the Netzstadt Method is to are assembled and carried
accomplish three tasks for out specific to the culture
the urban system as a whole: in which they are located.
•The urban form is developed •Design using the Netzstadt

Method answers the following
over the whole spectrum of
questions:
scales (entire landscapes
and individual buildings). •How do the four activities
(to nourish and recover, to
•An adequate metabolism for
clean, to reside and work,
the global and regional to transport and
conditions is created communicate) manifest
(households with key themselves morphologically
resources). and physiologically in three
•An understanding of the network elements, primarily
system is achieved which related to the six
enables optimum cybernetic territories (settlement,
processes (understood as the infrastructure, agriculture,
regulation of norms, forest, water, fallow land)
institutions and technical and the four main resources
infrastructures using social (water, food, construction
materials, energy)?
control mechanisms).
•What effects do these
characteristics have on
urban quality measured in
terms of the five criteria
(identification, diversity,
flexibility, degree of self-
sufficiency, resource
efficiency)?
RELATIONS INSIDE THE REGION
TURKU AND THE CONNECTION WITH OTHER CITY CENTERS

Turku region can be
described in relation to its
settlements. According to
large scale density
analysis, this region has a
very typical structure
consisting of the city
centre, suburbs and
surrounding small towns
affected by the growth of
the main city. The schema on
the left shows that there is
a virtual connection between
the different settlements.
It’s determined because of
the short distance that
exists between each point.
Turku also appears as the
main hub where all the flows
come, inside a bigger net.
The region counts with good
roads and railway network,
which goes all over the
region, connecting several
nodes.
For this report, it is
important to concentrate the
study on the harbor area and
the surrounding cities. The
municipalities of Turku,
Paimio, Salo and Parainen
are located in this area.
First of all, they are
located near the Baltic Sea,
so the incoming and outgoing
resources are continuous.
Besides, the commercial
relation between the cities
is even more obvious because
they are on the way of the
E18 route (excepting
Parainen City), that goes
from Scandinavian countries
to Asia. So the different
flows are easy to move from
one place to another. The
Railway also passes through
each one of these places, so
the connection with the
train ferry harbor in Turku
is easier, and the physical
communication becomes
instant. In the case of
Parainen, the railway
doesn’t get to that place,
but there’s an efficient
road to get there (180
Road). There is also a road
of high quality that begins
in Turku (110 Road), so the
connection can be easily
established.
The Logicity is one
PORT OF TURKU AND ITS RELATION WITH THE AIRPORT (LOGICITY)

extra component that
will be included into
the commercial network
that exists in Turku.
Specifically, it will
be located in the
immediate vicinity of
Turku Airport. First of
all, the Port of Turku
can be reached by road
from Logicity in about
15 minutes (E63 Road),
so the link with the
port is physically
possible and immediate.
Besides, the railway
connection can
communicate both nodes
and Asia, and the E18
road connects the East
and West.
Basically, Logicity
represents a concept
based on logistical
efficiency. The
addition of air flights
as a mean of transport
and a supply of
versatile logistics
services meet to create
an integral cluster.
LogiCity is designed
for all companies
seeking greater process
efficiency through
logistics. Companies
typically operating in,
for instance, transport
and value-added
logistics, the
distribution centre
business, warehousing
and wholesale
operations, and
logistics functions for
high-tech industries.
Because of these basic
reasons is that the
Port of Turku and
Logicity will represent
for Turku City a great
global positioning in
the marketplace. The
total of square meters
for Logicity operations
(1,000,000 m2 of floor
space for the year
2015) and its organized
work with the Port will
ensure a successful
development and growth.
INCLUDING NETZSTADT METHOD IN THE CITY OF TURKU
Before starting with the To reach identification, we
incorporation of Netzstadt think that there must be
Method into the City of more elements enabled to
Turku, we have to explain people’s use. If inhabitants
that the project won’t be feel like owners of the
concentrated only on this space, a common feeling can
book. It will be useful as be spread. There are other
one more tool between other elements such as nature, but
design strategies, but not in the case of architecture,
the only solution. This a specific reality appears,
Method will help supporting distinguishing Turku from
analysis and structures for other cities of Finland.
the design work. This is how several
elements like nature,
There are some issues that
buildings, sounds, lights
could be helpful to design
and people can generate a
solutions for Turku, looking
unique atmosphere.
for a sustainable City.
Diversity
Identification
It defines the different
It’s important that
ways a certain function in a
inhabitants and guests know
urban system can be
typical images from the
performed (e.g. transports,
City, in this case Turku. By
architecture, consumer
creating icons with
product manufactured, etc).
essential features of the
Turku seems to present
place, people can create a
diversity in all its areas.
sense of home, security,
For example, in transport
appeal, well-being and
there are many ways to move
creative inspiration. We
from one place to another
think that Turku has had its
and in all territories.
own images for many
There are good quality roads
centuries, which people know
for cars, several bus lines
very well. For example we
for transportation, railways
have the case of the Castle,
connecting the entire
main exponent of the local
region, an airport
history and values.
relatively close to the City
center and sea transport in Flexibility
the harbor. That’s the main Turku is a City that has
feature of the City, its suffered some extreme
capability to connect changes. For example, after
inhabitants and guests with the great fire in 1827 the
any destiny. entire place had to be
On the other hand, Finland rebuilt. It has also been in
manages a whole tradition in the middle of territorial
wood architecture, but it fights between nations. Its
doesn’t mean that other inhabitants have been
Swedish, Russian and finally
materials like concrete are
Finnish, so violent changes
not included in Turku. In
have occurred there. Despite
this country heating systems
that, Turku is a traditional
are efficient for example,
society but always flexible
so that’s why any material
to controlled changes,
for construction can be
including transport
used.
improvements, economy
In terms of manufactured modifications, etc.
consumer products, there is
Degree of self sufficiency
no problem to get the same
products than in continental This issue refers to the
Europe, because of the good relationship between
connections with other available regional resources
markets. The diversity in and the resources that the
Turku also includes places region requires to meet its
like food markets, where the needs. The City of Turku
offer is quite complete, so isn’t known for processing
people can get the same its own raw materials, but
products that warmer the transport network that
countries offer. We think exists in the region allows
that all these situations to have enough resources
represent some kind of available, taking advantage
controlled diversity, where of the good relationship
the offer can be handled by that exists between the
the region, without region and its hinterlands.
suffering shortages.
The main point where there
HOW THE 3 ELEMENTS FOR URBAN SYSTEMS APPEARS IN TURKU

NODES // CONNECTIONS //
is some grade of self- BORDERS
sufficiency is in
employment, because the Port There is a relation between
of Turku and its services the urban center of the City
concentrate the 86% of the and its sub centers. Some of
city’s workforce. This is the programs in those nodes
how most of the inhabitants are community services like
can stay in the City working education, recreation
and also young people who places, supply markets, etc.
can study in places like the
Each defined area is
Cathedral School (founded
with the Cathedral of Turku influencing its surrounding,
in the late 13th century) or in about 1km of diameter. As
in the University of Turku an open system, the areas
(the second largest are connected through common
university in Finland). So zones that start to
basically people can find structure a grid, so the
services such as education borders are in continuous
and employment in the same change and in relation with
City, without the need to more than one node.
travel to other places.
Two different layers of
Resource Efficiency
communication appear in the
This concept denotes the City: road network and
relationship between the pedestrian ways. Each one at
quantity of a resource a different scale, the first
utilized and the quantity one can make direct links
that is available. In Turku, where the most important
the delivery of resources
for the different human thing is the program, and
needs is quite efficient. the efficiency and speed are
The transport network can primary matters. On the
reach any place of the City, other hand, the pedestrian
providing the whole ways are in constant change,
population with a complete developing new relationships
variety of goods. The every time.
Finnish behavior also
contributes to this
objective given the fact
they are disciplined in
their daily lives.
The Port of Turku appears in
a different category. People
and goods movement from the
harbor to other places is
constant, but it just
represents a crossing point
and transition where the
user would rather get out
than stay in there. Although
many people depend on the
Port activity, they don’t
have an identity with the
place, that’s the main
difference with the City
center.
EVALUATING THE 5 SCALE LEVELS IN TURKU

Individual Regional
The house unit represents To make a city, a
for the Finnish inhabitant coordination of elements is
his personal refuge, where needed and all these
family life can be looked variables developed and
after. In the case of Turku linked compose a region. In
there are several housing the case of Turku, there are
areas that satisfy their several departments that
needs, which are also close look after education,
to their basic needs supply. transport, resource
management, etc. This is how
Local Unit
the communal levels can be
With a population of 175,354 joined into a bigger unit.
inhabitants, the basic needs The role of the Port of
of urban life are covered in Turku appears with all its
Turku. As the City is not so impact, modifying the
big, small units of behavior of the other units
inhabitants can fulfill that compose the region.
their physiological and
National
sociological needs to
identify with their This is the main scale where
neighborhood. Turku appears as a gate from
continental Europe to the
Communal
rest of Finland. Its
The first level of importance of how a Coastal
collectively organized City can make the
educational, construction triangulation possible
and social tasks are located between the cities of
in this scale. As in the Helsinki, Tampere and Turku
last map these areas are in as a trade matter.
constant relation and
change, depending on how
City development takes
place.
ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL SCALE
In addition to the four area types
CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS IN THE TURKU REGION

The four area types were
the city centre is also studied
alongside because of its crucial chosen to highlight existing
importance to the liveliness of the problems and future
whole Turku region.
potentials. The compact area
of Varissuo is the largest
COMPACT: CITY CENTRE suburb of Turku with around
•BUILDING MATERIALS: A VERY STABILE SITUATION WHEN IT 10.000 inhabitants
COMES TO OUTER CORTEX OF BUILDINGS -> NO DEMOLITION
BUT MODIFICATION OF THE INSIDE
pinpointing the importance
•RAIN WATER*: HIGH FLOOD DANGER BECAUSE OF LACK OF
of suburban renewal.
ABSORPTION -> BALANCING BY THE MEANS OF STREET Actually Turku has an
DESIGN, CONNECTIONS TO AURA RIVER?
•FOOD^: FOOD SALES CONCENTRATED ON LARGE UNITS LIKE
excess supply of massive
DEPARTMENT STORES -> NEW RESTAURANT & SHOP STYLE suburbs, but the only dense
FOOD SHOPPING CONCEPTS
human scale area found at
•HVAC: LOTS OF PUBLIC AND COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS AND
OFFICES WITH 24/7 ENERGY CONSUMPTION -> SWITCH OFF the moment is Port Arthur -
POLICIES.
a Russian Era wooden housing
complex also known as
“Portsa” next to Kakolanmäki
development area, which is
changing from former jail to
housing and offices.
The spacious area of Nummi
is a very typical small
house estate inhabited in
the past by the working
class and nowadays serving
as an idyllic middle class
area. The sparse area of
Moisio near Paimio town is
chosen to turn the focus on
the potential of countryside
as an ecological and
autonomous region.
* assumption: global warming will accelerate.

^ influence of traffic considered, focus on reducing private car use.
Port Arthur/district
VIII
•building materials:
leftover building materials
can be used for common
COMPACT: CITY CENTRE social projects like
building tree huts for
children or grilling places
etc.
•rain water: balancing by
the means of landscape
urbanism (for example
artificial greek like in
kartanonkoski area and
“grass parking”).
•food: cornershops with long
opening hours, using old
cellars for common food
preservation, cooking
dinners together
occasionally for a larger
group (like young families)
-> common dining spaces.
•hvac: improving thermal
insulation when renovating,
encouraging fire place use
to cut down heating energy
consumption peak in the
winter, more natural air
conditioning systems -> less
open windows -> minor energy
loss.
Paimio - moisio
building materials: lots of
space available for storing
building materials, founding
a building parts bank for
renovation purposes of old
farm houses, using farm
buildings innovatively ->
barn art, reuse as low
budget holiday locations for
city kids.
•rain water: some farming
uses allow less pure water -
> rain water harvesting
pools and minor
purification.
•food: local processing and
selling on-site, ecological
farming, quality instead of
quantity.
•hvac: heat gathering
devices to cow stables etc.,
developing local energy
production forms like
bioenergy.
Nummi
consultation on reuse of
building materials,
suitability for
lightweight/ temporary
structures in the people’s
summer cottages.
•rain water: providing
houses with special rain
pipe fitting barrels to
divide rain amount to a
longer period in case of
flood danger -> using the
water in garden -> less
water consumption -> more
ecology
•food: new delivery concepts
like turning English milkman
into a Finnish food man with
electric car.
insulation when renovating,
encouraging fire place use
to cut down heating energy
consumption peak in the
winter, degrading
temperature in secondary
spaces like garages,
cellars, saunas etc.
Varissuo
demolition of some houses
followed by urban mining and
reuse of old elements,
modification of some element
houses post-ddr style
-> experimental housing
projects like large
ecological complexes and
small scale houses for
elderly people + rain water:
covering parking lots with
absorbent materials, “grass
parking”.
•food: improving walk ways
from home to local centre
with better lighting,
materials and orientation ->
more “social” flows.
insulation while doing urban
renewal, replacing high
consumption air
conditioners, using natural
air condition in parallel,
in some spaces.
City centre
+ building materials: low
effort activation and reuse
of existing buildings
according to present needs
(alternative cultures and
underground, offices for
creative and mobile work,
use of temporary city
spaces, IMMATERIAL
NETWORKING WITH WLAN)
•rain water: balancing by •food: More corner shops and
the means of street design: ethnic restaurants for
“grass parking” and “green shorter daily “food hunting”
squares” ,planting grass on trips and diverse culture,
railroad areas, connections new concepts to combine
to aura river? dining and grocery shopping
functions.
•hvac: lightweight building
extensions with plug-in to
existing infrastructure,
houses on houses ->
ecological, stimulation for
architecture scene, switch
off policies for public and
office buildings,
fluorescent lamps and higher
demands for cutting down
energy consumption.
•vertical densification:
roof escapes, roof gardens,
MODIFYING ATTICS, tm9 module
grass roof mat to prevent
urban heat island effect
•windmill park near harbor
activities AS INDUSTRIAL
TOURIST SITE.
•activating Aura river as
flowing living room with
lightweight structures like
swim tanks and artificial
islands
ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT AREA
The regional node of Artukainen showcases a

solution model for wild development of
hypermarkets and free time centers.
Artukainen area houses at the moment
Messukeskus and Turkuhalli, so it has an
existing capacity of somehow coping with large
traffic peaks. In addition, our traffic
analysis proposes a new railway/tram line to
reach this node. By concentrating new
commercial activities to places like
Artukainen and potentially Itäkeskus and
Länsikeskus, it is possible to prevent the
sprawl from reaching a critical mass – at
least for a while.
The so called private node basically means

small scale housing infill to existing
structure.
The purpose is to densify and diversify
existing structure (large apartment blocks
contra private houses), but without creating
new significant unecological flows.
The combination of harbor, Aura river and

Turku’s castle calls for the importance of
having an image in the global world. The
mixture of shore, river and Medieval history
is something unique. The global connection is
both immaterial in the sense of culture and
material in the meaning of concrete flows of
goods running through the harbor.
The local node is another way of altering

small empty fields. It can be a common farming
area, local mini-park or playfield - basically
something that brings locals together
producing needed public spaces.
DESIGN AREA
The design of the marine In this way, the project
OWN PROJECT
front begins as a response seeks to rehabilitate the
to the need of a significant marine front of Turku,
connection between human describing it as the scene
beings and their natural
environment, because thanks of the communion between the
to this relationship the sea (environment) and the
character and identity of city center (as the
the city center can be inhabitant and the agent
determined. The coastal city that activated the town),
structure can be classified generating a design edge,
into two types: the "city- which reorganizes the rest
port" and "city-beach",
according to the relevant of the city, and include the
relationship between the inhabitants of Turku in the
city center and coastline. use of the Port.
Today, the "cities-port" Another objective is to

share the same problem of provide Turku with new
decoupling between the sea infrastructure that might
and city, product of the
absolute ownership of the position it as a city of
entire coastline by shipping international importance,
companies, which make up a attracting new visitors who
visual and physical wall may demand new investments
between the marine front and that, in long term, will
urban center, with port mean improving its
infrastructure, vast fields inhabitants life quality.
or simply warehouse
buildings. This phenomenon The marine front will be the
prevents a dialogue between face of Turku, and the Port
man and his environment, and will be the door to Finland.
at the same time hampers a
clear reading of the city
and its access from the sea. The proposal that is
With this in mind, the submitted is divided into
proposal must be based on two levels:
water as a means of
transport and also as an
area to protect. This is -Long-term Projects
achieved through
implementation of
sustainable models for the -Short-term Solutions
City design, which respect
the environment and makes
the coast more habitable.
DESIGN AREA
Long-term Projects
In this category are
projects such as the
reorganization of the Port
of Turku, for the
integration between the
citizenry and the sea;
rehabilitation of the marine
front with pedestrian access
and the creation of new
buildings, with the aim of
incorporating new programs
and uses to the harbor area.
Such urban interventions are
classified as long-term
because more time for its
implementation and for the
perception of results is
required.
Short-term Solutions
Within this group, we
propose solutions with
immediate results, aiming
among other things to
incorporate vegetation into
the cement desert of the
port area; promote tourism
THE DESIGN AREA THE DESIGN SEA in the city through
advertising, using port
infrastructure as support
for publicity banners; or
refurbish the facades of
some buildings in the port,
CONECTIONS BY SEA CONECTIONS BY LAND in order to mitigate the
hardness of steel and
cement, achieving the
approach between the visitor
and citizen with the coast.
These solutions can be
HIGHLIGHTS PROJECT POINTS reached through the
incorporation of new
bioclimatic techniques and
materials, as in the case of
implementing the curtain
wall, vegetal coating in
walls, carpets of grass on
cement, to name a few.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
One of the solutions
PROJECT #1. TURKU, THE GREAT SCANDINAVIAN ACCESS

proposed to improve the
connections between the city
and the port, is the
creation of a ferry that
would start in the river
from the city centre, going
through different stations
until arriving at the port
terminal. This is how the
marine means of transport
can be incorporated to
benefit Turku inhabitants,
to stop being simply a route
1 to enter and leave the
2 country.
On the other hand, the

3 solution seeks to strengthen
even more the great
Scandinavian access across
the archipelago, involving
through thematic stations
the islands and the City. In
addition to a physical
connection, a visual
1.Turku Gate 2.Turism Stations 3.Eco-Footpaths relation is searched,
because as it has been the
major access to Finland for
centuries, the image
presented to other countries
can be enhanced. This visual
link leads to a more
transcendent relationship
between the archipelago and
the port of Turku, in which
the coastline produces an
immediate impact on the
perception of the town. With
this coast recognition, the
entry of vessels by the
archipelago manages to be
more unified and in relation
with the islands, so that
port and city achieve their
natural boundaries.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
Robot Parking
PROJECT #2. INTERVENTION T.A.T.

Given the importance of car
entry through the Port of
Turku, it would be
irresponsible if we decided
to erradicate this function,
considering economic
development. The biggest
problem caused by this
activity is the huge area
that the Port has for
parking in one level only
where so many square meters
are wasted.
In order to provide a
solution to this car
problem, several robot
parking towers are proposed,
which have as an advantage
the possibility of having
some free space left for
potential citizen programs.
Besides, with the provision
of new towers, a new border
is defined which separates
Port and City functions,
keeping some sort of
permeability to mix both
realities. To enhance a
duality program, we propose
to install some kind of
commerce on the towers first
floor so as to incorporate
the inhabitants to its use.
Maritime Research Institute

The Baltic Sea is the victim
of constant abuses against
its ecosystem. Every time it
seems to be more polluted,
and there isn’t a clear
solution to reverse the
damage. The countries that
have a coastline in this
Sea, including Finland seem
to be the main responsible
for these actions. However,
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
in the case of the Port of
Turku, it counts on an ISO
14001 Environmental
Standard, so its coast is
fairly clean.
The main issue is that Turku

with its exit to the Baltic
Sea cannot remain
indifferent to all that
abuse. That is why the
construction of a Maritime
Research Institute is
suggested, which will look
after the conditions of the
Baltic Sea and it could also
provide advances and new
technologies in relation to
the care of the Sea and its
biodiversity.
For its construction, the
use of the released land -
alongside the coast - at the
car terminal is proposed so
as to have an immediate
access to it. In the case of
the building that will be
erected, the project will
try to rescue some existing
warehouses, trying to use
their structure, and also
create concrete structures
with steel and glass to
highlight transparency and
continue with the connection
between the Sea and City.
The program isn’t determined
at this stage, but it is
intended to add areas such
as: laboratories, libraries,
monitoring center, equipment
for sampling, etc. A way to
incorporate the community
into the program of the
Institute would be by
offering exhibits,
professional speeches, etc.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
This institute would be with aquariums, activities
completed thanks to the for the family, etc. This
strategic partnership place would complement the
between the University and existing tourist offer in
the Port of Turku, where Turku (the Castle appears as
both entities will benefit the main place), trying to
from. The institute would consolidate the City´s
also benefit all the potential as a tourist
countries near the Baltic destiny. Besides, the
Sea, so the intention is Aquarium would reach the
that foreign professionals objective of educating
and investors can be population about the care
involved in its development. the Sea needs, and how
important it is for future
Sea aquarium generations.
To accentuate even further This building would be
the relationship between the conceived as a dependence of
citizen and the Sea the the Maritime Research
creation of the Sea Aquarium Institute, to let them work
is proposed. Basically this together and in a way that
would be an educational many of the existing
building, which could show building could be reused.
the richness of the Sea, Moreover, working as a
society it could act as a
natural reserve of the
institute, modifying their
programs to last in time.
Aquatic Park
This proposal is purely
playful and where the main
protagonists would be
children. It is conceived
with many indoor games such
as warm pools and recreation
places and its main
objective would be to
strengthen the touristic
role that Turku intends to
have. Recreational
facilities also are useful
to relax from the Port´s
formal atmosphere, placing
Turku also as a place where
you can have a nice time
along the coastline,
catering for all age groups.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
1. Robotic Parking
Buildings
2. Maritime Research
Institute
3. Sea Aquarium
2
3
4 1
4. Aquatic Park
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
Container area Hirvensalo, so the work
PROJECT #3. INTERVENTION T.C.T.

As a first solution, together would be useful for
stacking of containers the development of culture
located in the port is and arts in the Region.
suggested as a strategy to
gain square meters of usable Boulevard
area. Without altering the A number of shops arranged
original image of the Turku in several containers along
Container Terminal, the the coastal edge will
original container accommodate a much more
morphology will be kept for attractive border, which
the basic design of the could offer outdoor
other proposed areas. activities for pedestrians.
Along with the relocation of It could be considered to
containers, the cargo vessel incorporate themes such as
area is also modified. This craft fairs, restaurants,
will release space for clothes shops, and so on. As
citizens everyday use, the trades will be placed in
looking for Port harnessing containers, the spatial
and its appropriation. arrangement of the shops can
be much more versatile over
Turku Cultural Center time, allowing spatial
As a program that modifications according to
complements existing places the requirements.
in the City as the Regional
Museum of Turku, a Cultural Container Buildings
Center in the coastline is The creation of housing and
proposed. Using the area now office blocks is suggested,
used by the Turku Container keeping the language of the
Terminal a new Center will Turku Container Terminal and
be created, which will offer trying to complement the
exhibition halls, Boulevard area. As in
information about the City, previous programs, container
music shows, dance, etc. language is maintained to
This project will be located make a whole unique unit.
in the coastal circuit of By incorporating the housing
new programs, and it will program to the Port, the
also be included into the main objective is to make a
marine circuit that would resident injection inside
start from the City center. it, complementing the
The building will keep floating population
container language in its expected. The Port would
architecture as well as all offer all the basic needs
new programs housed in this that an inhabitant could
area. Besides it will need, and also who could
represent a cultural link work at the Port or could
with islands like
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
require moving easily to
other Scandinavian
countries. The offices can
share the buildings with
residential apartments,
taking advantage of the
communications with the Port
and Logicity.
Walking Borderline
As a walking edge, a
verandah is proposed to use
all the borderline,
continuing towards the West
near the Research Institute
and other maritime
facilities. If the project
considers the Finnish
inhabitant, who likes to
walk and ride bikes, it’s
absolutely necessary to
include pedestrian and
bicycle paths. With the
creation of good quality
facilities, well lit and
with green areas, it’s
possible to create a circuit
where people can go through
the different programs
suggested in the proposal.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
1. Stacking containers
2. Cultural Center and

Museum of Turku
3. Boulevard
4
3
4. Container Buildings
5 2
5. Green Boardwalk
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
Lighthouse Building Thus besides a milestone
PROJECT #4. INTERVENTION T.C.P.

(International Turku Hotel) access to the port, it can
provide shelter for
Turku is one of the major potential travelers and
entrances to Finland from businessmen who need a place
continental Europe through to stay near the port.
the sea. In its capacity as
a portal, we believe it’s
necessary to mark some kind
of vertical milestone, to Floating Bridge
mark the great access to the
city, visible from far away. This is the most temporary
That’s why a “Lighthouse place in the proposal.
Building” is proposed, which
could also make the link Basically, a Floating Bridge
between the Port and the is suggested, between the
City of Turku establishing a “Container Area” and the
visual and program
relationship. “Cruise Port”. The main
The exact location will be feature of this element is
next to the Turku Cruise that it can be installed
Port, representing a fast only for special occasions,
solution for finding
accommodation. The main so as not to block the ships
function of this tower is to access. This is how a whole
include a good quality unit can be made from the
hotel, with restaurant
services, a bar, and different Port areas,
conference facilities. complying with the
diversification of the port
including the user as the
main character.
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
1. International Turku
Hotel
2. Public Area
1
3
3. Free footpaths
LONG-TERM PROJECTS
The Maritime Research

Institute and the Robotic
Parking Buildings
The Baltic Sea and the

International Turku Hotel in
front.
SHORT-TERM SOLUTIONS
BUILDINGS ADVERTISING
The Port of Turku zone has
several buildings notable
for their size and location,
but their current appearance
deteriorates the City image.
The occupation of buildings’
walls as a bracket to
install advertisement to
promote the city to get the
attention of tourists is
proposed as a project, while
the buildings are
refurbished. The
intervention of the
buildings chosen, can help
during the temporary wait
for a deep rehabilitation or
repair of the building.
To achieve beauty and
GREEN BUILDINGS
mitigate the hard impact of
materials as concrete in the
Port area with an immediate
result, the idea of
integrating vegetation on
the facades in two different
ways is suggested. The first
proposal is to paint the
walls with nature designs,
including the species
existing in Turku. So this
solution represents a fast
way to incorporate nature
within the City, achieving a
visual connection between
citizens and environment.
The second solution

proposed, is to incorporate
vegetation alive with the
help of new technologies.
This could include grass
carpets that grow over on
the concrete, plants and
shrubs with shorter roots
which sprout from the
building walls with a
previous treatment on them.
Another easy solution is to
create green closures,
planting bushes or other
small pruned shrubs. With
these innovations it is
possible to transform a gray
building into another which
is green and alive. Besides,
some roofs and some sheds at
the Port can be used to
create green environments.
This contemporary
technology, which allows
vegetation growing on
concrete without soil,
suggests that it would be a
possible way to reduce the
urban impact that produces
the railway network. The
seeding of grass and trees
in the railway area is
suggested, trying to
incorporate pedestrians to
these zones, allowing the
appropriation of the place
and strengthening the local
identity.
: : : : CONCLUSION
CONCLUSION
The research work about the individual isn’t identified
City of Turku started to with the environment, in
deliver a series of relevant this case the port, not
data for subsequent stages, feeling it his own. The
until the development of a historical Port of Turku
personal project. We started transferred the inhabitant
the work recognizing local to the interior of the City,
problems and after that removing his right on the
interesting topics started harbor, to privatize it.
to appear, which were quite
remote to our Chilean Following with the report
reality. development, the methodology
to seek examples of port
One issue was Baltic Sea development was quite useful
pollution. The situation is to put in the context the
absolutely critical, because issue of improving a “city-
of that it’s urgent to take port”. As further examples
action to care for all its appeared around the world,
components over time. there were also more new
Although we realize that logical solutions, so we
Finland takes measures to understood that certain
stop polluting the Sea, common patterns such as
other countries are guilty preserving old buildings for
of some of the toxic spills, its renewal could be
chemicals, etc. That’s why enriching the user’s
we believe that the joint identity and residence in
work between countries is the port.
essential to reach a common
strategy to follow. The history of Finland, and
in particular from Turku,
The big problem that we saw meant a lot for us because
when we started studying it’s a completely different
Turku is the relationship reality from the Chilean
between the City and the one. In the case of Turku,
Port. For many reasons this City was Swedish,
described before, we Russian and finally Finnish.
realized that this was a Even so disciplined
problem, but not so distant inhabitants have been able
from our reality. In Chile to adapt to changes in
there are several examples language and idiosyncrasies
of “city-ports” that have to be what they are now. On
left the whole harbor area the other hand, Turku
for the development of the suffered a major fire after
marine port. The problem is which it was necessary to
that economic reasons are rebuild the entire City.
more important than Also the University of Turku
anything, untying the city moved to Helsinki, and the
and the sea front, like in a title of capital ended.
human scale where the
CONCLUSION
Similarities with Chile are Finnish, the contribution of
for example “chess table professionals working in the
grid” that began in the new Port of Turku and in the
City design, in an attempt municipality, gave us easy
to reflect the proper access to certain
democracy and equity.
information.
One of the relevant issues
is that in general all the
basic subsistence needs are The Netzstadt Method served
covered in the Finnish to identify variables in the
society. That is why the new city, from where to find
programs are being designed material to work. The study
more for leisure than for of the relationship between
any need. It is precisely nodes in the city (Airport
here that we take the idea
of a new program in the and Port for example) or the
Port, where much more identification of certain
leisure programs are mixed nodes with their
with other more educational. interrelationships served us
to assess the conditions
Our own projects phase under which the City of
served as a starting point Turku exists, with examples
to associate our proposals of density throughout the
and make them sustainable region. This is how the
over time. For example Netzstadt represented a
office facilities housed in guide to coordinate a modus
the area of containers, or operandi at work, useful as
Building Lighthouse, can a first step and then to be
work together with Logicity,
to finally communicate them supplemented with our work.
and generate people and
property flows. Moreover it Another major contribution
helped us to get to know the was the work done as a group
criteria adopted by the for the Urban Planning
designer to work in Turku.
Course at the Tampere
University of Technology. In
The basic and initial study this activity we received
that we did in the region of the Port area to work on it,
Turku, introducing its sub- and that research carried
regions, the archipelago,
the Port, City and Sea was out with a group of Finnish
helpful as a blueprint to students resulted in our big
put us within the context research about the Port of
more comprehensively. While Turku, for all its
the level of information was potential.
sometimes precarious because
it was mostly written in
CONCLUSION
About personal design, we stage to make new projects
tried to work from the look like ours, where the City
of architecture students can finally recover the Sea
designing in a reality and all its identity.
beyond their own. Based on
the requirements set by the In general the work resulted
Teacher during corrections as we wanted. With a
in the course of the methodical work we found a
investigation, the project result that left us quite
was developed in stages, satisfied. We are certain
depending on the scale. Of that the research could be
course that doing projects much more complete, but most
in 2 categories (long and of the database was in
short term) allowed us to Finnish, so this language
modify them over time. barrier obliged us to make
use of all the documents
After developing all the that were written in
study in the City of Turku English.
in all its different stages,
we realize that it’s We believe that this was a
possible to INCREASE THE gratifying experience for us
VALUE OF TURKU AS AN as future Latin American
INTERNATIONAL CITY; architects, to work within a
DIVERSIFYING THE HARBOR reality so different as the
AREA. The City has the main Finnish. This analysis
tools to achieve its allowed us to get much
sustainable development. closer to their culture and
With the existence of areas traditions. Besides, working
like the Port or all the with professional Finns
transport networks, the served us to get a better
access to goods and result.
information can be really
fast and efficient. Through
diversifying the Harbor
area, new programs can show
the solutions of how to
connect the inhabitants with
the Port and the Sea as one
unit, without making any
distinction. And all these
solutions seem to be on the
same way as Turku’s
development, where new
projects are constantly
appearing to improve the
living standards of the
inhabitants. This is why
Turku represents the perfect
: : : : BIBLIOGRAPHY & INDEX
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Netzstadt - Designing the Urban
OSWALD, Franz - BACCINI, Peter
Birkhäuser – Publishers for Architecture
Germany 2003
Processing Utopia – City Scratching II

YLÄ-ANTITILA - SAMULI ALPPI
Tampere University of Technology – D.A.
Institute of Urban Planning and Design Publications 2007
Research Seminar -Redefining the Typical Area of Antofagasta

PLAUT, Catherine - MICHELA, Sandra
University of Chile
Chile 2003
Topics architectural composition

Use and activity. From the utilitas to the funcion
CALDUCH, Juan
Club Universitario Editorial
Spain
Web pages:
http://www.turku.fi
http://www.turkutouring.fi
http://www.saaristo.org/eng/
http://www.turku2011.fi/public/?lang=en
http://www.searail.net/index_uk.html
http://www.port.turku.fi/portal/hots/
http://www.pilotturku.com/page/en
http://www.port.turku.fi/portal/port/english/
http://portfolio.pilotturku.com
http://intratad.turku.fi/e18/cms.nsf/pages/indexeng
http://www.transportlogistic.de/link/en/15972762
http://opaskartta.turku.fi/
http://www.bspinfo.lt/
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turku
Other sites:
http://www.puertomadero.com
http://www.answers.com/topic/finland?cat=travel
http://chilearq.com/v2/proyectos.php?tipo=853&foto=0
http://www.vitruvius.com.br/arquitextos/arq054/arq054_03_e.asp
INDEX & CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 03 TRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BECOMING AN ARCHITECT. . . . . . . . . . 05 COMING AN ARCHITECT. . . . . . . . . .
INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 06 INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
OBJETIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 08 OBJETIVES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
. . . . .
VARIABLES TO CONSIDER. . . . . . . 11 VARIABLES TO CONSIDER. . . . . . .
PROBLEMATICS 13 OBLEMATICS
GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE BALTIC SEA. . . . . . . . . . 13 PROBLEM OF THE BALTIC SEA. . . . . . . . . .
-The four most polluting factors of the Baltic Sea. 88 four most polluting factors of the Baltic Sea.
GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE COAST IN BALTIC SEA REGION. . 18 OBAL PROBLEM OF THE COAST IN BALTIC SEA REGION.
TURKU PROBLEMS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19 OBAL PROBLEM OF THE COAST IN BALTIC SEA REGION.
. . .
REFRENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 ENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
REFERENCE REHABILITATION EDGE HARBOR. . . . . . . . 23 RENCE REHABILITATION EDGE HARBOR. . . . . . . .
REFERENCE LIGHTHOUSE-BUILDING. . . . . . . . . . . . 24 ERENCE LIGHTHOUSE-BUILDING. . . . . . . . . . .
REFERENCE BOARDWALK DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 REFERENCE BOARDWALK DESIGN. . . . . . . . . . .
. . . .
THE PLACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 E PLACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HISTORY 29 STORY
FINLAND: ETERNAL LAND FIGHTS. . . . . . . . . . . . 29 LAND: ETERNAL LAND FIGHTS. . . . . . . . . . . .
TURKU: HISTORICALLY A CAPITAL. . . . . . . . . . . . 31 KU: HISTORICALLY A CAPITAL. . . . . . . . . . .
TURKU AND ITS GOLDEN ERA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 AND ITS GOLDEN ERA. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
TURKU, CONDITIONED BY HISTORY. . . . . . . . . . . . 32 U, CONDITIONED BY HISTORY. . . . . . . . . . . .
TURKU: HISTORICAL HARBOR OF FINLAND. . . . . . . . . 33 RKU: HISTORICAL HARBOR OF FINLAND. . . . . . .
. . . .
CURRENT PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37 RRENT PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BALTIC SEA ACTIONS 39 IC SEA ACTIONS
ACTIONS BY HELSINKI AND TURKU. . . . . . . . . . . . 39 IONS BY HELSINKI AND TURKU. . . . . . . . . . .
-Diagnosis. 88 iagnosis.
-Factors Pollutants. 88 Pollutants.
-Actions by the cities. 88 by the cities.
PROJECT 41 OJECT
NODE INTERMODAL LOGISTICS TURKU-LOGICITY. . . . . . 41 DE INTERMODAL LOGISTICS TURKU-LOGICITY. . . . .
TURKU CULTURAL CAPITAL OF EUROPE 2011. . . . . . . . 42 CULTURAL CAPITAL OF EUROPE 2011. . . . . . . .
-Memories and Truths. 88 and Truths. -
-Trasformations. 88 asformations.
-Exploring the Archipelago. 88 the Archipelago. -
-Take-offs. 88 e-offs.
URBAN DESIGN CONTEST 44 BAN DESIGN CONTEST
URBAN PROJECTS IN TURKU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44 AN PROJECTS IN TURKU. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
–Kakola. 36 akola.
-Skanssi. 37 .
-Ratapiha. 38
INDEX & CONTENTS
THE CITY & ITS AREAS . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
THE GREATER REGION 51
THE BALTIC SEA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
ARCHIPELAGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
THE SUB REGION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
-Uusikaupunki Sub-Region.
-Loimaa Sub-Region.
-Salo Sub-Region.
THE PORT 58
THE PORT OF TURKU TODAY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
-Connections with Europe and Asia.
-Port of Turku and the environment.
-Services of the Port of Turku.
-TCT: Turku Container Terminal.
-TAT: Turku Auto Terminal.
-TEL: Turku Eastern Land-bridge.
-TDC: Turku Distribution Centre.
-TCP: Turku Cruise Port.
THE CITY 65
TURKU TODAY. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK 71
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND THE CITY . . . . . . . . 71
NETZSTADT MODEL. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
THE OBJECTIVE AND PURPOSE OF PHYSIOLOGICAL TOOLS . . 77
RELATIONS INSIDE THE REGION 80
TURKU AND THE CONNECTION WITH OTHER CITY CENTERS . . 80
PORT OF TURKU AND ITS RELATION WITH THE AIRPORT
(LOGICITY) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
INCLUDING NETZSTADT METHOD IN THE CITY OF TURKU. . . 84
–Identification
-Diversity
-Flexibility
-Degree of self sufficiency
-Resource Efficiency
HOW THE 3 ELEMENTS FOR URBAN SYSTEMS APPEARS IN
TURKU. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
-NODES // CONNECTIONS // BORDERS
EVALUATING THE 5 SCALE LEVELS IN TURKU . . . . . . . 88
–Individual
-Local Unit
-Communal
-Regional
-National
INDEX & CONTENTS
ANALYSIS OF THE REGIONAL SCALE 89
CLASSIFICATION OF AREAS IN THE TURKU REGION. . . . . 89
-Port Arthur/district VIII
-Paimio - moisio
-Nummi
-Varissuo
-City centre
ANALYSIS OF IMPACT AREA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
DESIGN AREA 96
OWN PROJECT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96
–Long-term Projects
-Short-term Solutions
LONG-TERM PROJECTS 98
PROJECT #1. TURKU, THE GREAT SCANDINAVIAN ACCESS . . 98
PROJECT #2. INTERVENTION T.A.T . . . . . . . . . . . 99
-Robot Parking
-Maritime Research Institute
-Sea aquarium
-Aquatic Park
PROJECT #3. INTERVENTION T.C.T. . . . . . . . . . . 103
-Container area
-Turku Cultural Center
-Boulevard
-Container Buildings
-Walking Borderline
PROJECT #4. INTERVENTION T.C.P. . . . . . . . . . . 106
-Lighthouse Building
-Floating Bridge
SHORT-TERM SOLUTIONS 109
BUILDINGS ADVERTISING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109
GREEN BUILDINGS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113
CONCLUSION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115
BIBLIOGRAPHY & INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119

BIBLIOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121
INDEX & CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122
University of chile
2007
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aribel gonzalez

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Urbanism Department

Urban Planning and Design

•Variables to consider: From •Conclusions: Based on all

GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE BALTIC SEA

GLOBAL PROBLEM OF THE COAST IN BALTIC SEA REGION

REHABILITATION EDGE HARBOR

NICOLAS NAZER CORVALAN

Project Puerto Madero+Buenos

CAPM S.A. [OLD PUERTO MADERO CORPORATION]

WS ATKINS & PARTNERS Burj al Arab Hotel+Dubai+UAE

ARQUITECTIA The South Gate+Project Puerto Madero+Buenos Aires+Argentina

Peirao XXI+Project Vigo Port+Galicia+Spain

South Bank Boardwalk+Melbourne+Australia

Puerto MaderoBoardwalk+Buenos Aires+Argentina

Rambla del Mar Boardwalk+Barcelona+Spain

FINLAND: ETERNAL LAND FIGHTS

TURKU: HISTORICALLY A CAPITAL

TURKU, CONDITIONED BY HISTORY

TURKU: THE HISTORICAL HARBOR OF FINLAND

ACTIONS BY HELSINKI AND TURKU

NODE INTERMODAL LOGISTICS TURKU - LOGICITY

As part of the Trans-

Located at the junction of

TURKU CULTURAL CAPITAL OF EUROPE 2011

URBAN PROJECTS IN TURKU

This Project aims at

The program proposed for

THE BALTIC SEA

The extension of the Baltic

One of the wealths of the

THE SUB REGION

THE PORT OF TURKU TODAY

Connections with Europe and

Since its inception, the

After rebuilding the city,

City centre (Market Square) 60o27.1’N, 22o16.2’E

Land surface area, km2 245.7 Total area, km2 .............306.4

Planned area, km2 90.9 Population per km2 2006 714

Mean annual Average number of hours

temperature, oC ............6.9 of sunshine per month

Max. temperature, oC ..29.8 Jan.- March ...................98

Min. temperature, oC ..-21.4 June – Aug. .................333

Precipitation, mm .........722 Mean temperature

Rainy days, 1971-2000, oC ..................5.2

(> 0,0 mm) ...............172 Average precipitation

City personnel on 31st of December 2006 .............14,072

POPULATION Population on 31st of Dec.

1970 1980 1990 2006

Total ......................152,210 163,680 159,180 175,354

Men .....................70,065 75,840 73,502 82,148

0-14 .........................20.9 18.1 15.6 13.3

15-64 .......................69.3 68.5 68.2 69.4

65+ ............................9.8 13.4 16.2 17.3

Changes in population 2006* Net domestic

Births ........................1,819 migration ....................17

Deaths ......................1,765 Net immigration from

Intermunicipal migration abroad .........................419

Inmigration ............9,887 Total change

Outmigration .........9,870 in population ................490

Average family size, persons ............................................2.6

Proportion of single-parent families

of families with children, % .............................................27.7

HOUSING Households 2005