Taking into account the academic references, answer the

following questions.

1. Define the following concepts:

- Electromagnetic wave.
It is known as electromagnetic wave, therefore, to the diffusion of
radiation of this type by means of air. These waves do not require a
material support for their expansion, which implies that they can move
in a vacuum.

It is generated from the oscillations generated by moving both magnetic

and electrical particles at the same time.

It has no barriers and is very important because it is a way for energy to

be transported through the air. That is, without having to have cables or
any similar physical device
- Propagation speed.
The speed of propagation of a sound is the dynamics of the sound waves
in a medium (gas, solid or liquid). The speed or dynamics of propagation
of the sound wave varies depending on the type of medium, since these
present different types of molecular conformations. In addition, other
characteristics also influence the temperature, pressure, etc.

There are two factors that modify the speed of sound propagation. The
first and fundamental is the hardness or rigidity of the medium. The
harder the medium is, the faster the sound propagates because the
molecules of it are interconnected with greater force so that any
movement or disturbance is transferred more quickly. The other, factor
is the density of the medium, if this is high, the inertia of the molecules
that make it up as well, which contributes to the sound waves move
more slowly through these molecules.
-
 - Wavelength.
In a wave motion, the wavelength is defined as the distance between
two successive points located in the same phase, for example, the
distance between two wave crests.

The wavelength can also be explained as the distance a perturbation

travels in the interval between two consecutive equivalent points of a
physical property of the wave.
- Reflection and refraction.
Reflection is the change of direction of the wave movement that occurs
in the same medium in which it propagated, after striking the surface of
a different medium. It is governed by two laws:

The incident ray, the reflected and normal to the surface at the point of
incidence are in the same plane

The angle of the incident ray i and that of reflection r are equal

i=r
The refraction is the change of direction of the wave movement that
happens after passing this from one medium to another in which it
propagates with different speed. It is governed by two laws:

The incident ray, the refracted and the normal to the surface at the
point of incidence are in the same plane

Snell's law of refraction, which marks the relationship between the angle
of incidence
 - Electric permittivity and magnetic permeability.
Each dielectric material offers a certain opposition to polarization, we
call it permitivity, and it has been quantified by representing it with εr
(relative permittivity, that is, the one referring to each material

Magnetic permeability we know that it refers to the ability that some

materials have to magnetize when placed in a magnetic field.

The truth is that many materials are magnetized, but in an

imperceptible quantity, so we do not take them into account.

2. Explain the importance to consider the “Skin Deep” (depth

of penetration) in medical treatments.

3. Make a graph that explains at least three modes of

“terrestrial propagation of electromagnetic waves”,
including a brief explanation of them.

4. Can the human tissue change its conductivity because a

disease? Explain.
Each human tissue behaves as a resistance to the passage of current, if
there is any disease that affects the cells if it loses the conductivity of
the tissues.

5. Using the “electromagnetic spectrum”, select a frequency

used in medical treatment and explain how it is used and
select a frequency used in wireless transmission and
explain its application.

For medical treatments, the radio frequency electromagnetic spectrum,

located between 3 (Hz) and 300 (Gz), is used.
It is important to know that, in recent years, radiofrequency has
expanded its "services" and now, in addition to continuing to be used
within the field of telecommunications, has become a fundamental role
in the field of medicine.

Radiofrequency has been used in medical treatments during the last 75

years, generally for minimally invasive surgery, using radiofrequency
ablation or cryoablation.

Ablation is the complete destruction of an organ or a tissue.

There are also treatments in which radiofrequency is used against apnea

during sleep or for cardiac arrhythmias.
Another use is diathermy, which is a technique that uses the heat
produced by radiofrequency for surgical treatments, in such a way that
it produces the coagulation of tissues and prevents tissue from bleeding
after the surgical incision. In addition to cauterizing blood vessels to
prevent excessive bleeding, heat produced by diathermy can also be
used to destroy tumors, warts and infected tissues. This technique is
particularly valuable in neurosurgery and eye surgery. Diathermy
equipment normally operates on the shortwave radio frequency or
microwave energy.