Ministry of Foreign Affairs-Korea International Co-operation

Agency Third Country Training Programme on Climate

Change and Energy Sustainability

Maximising Opportunities for Developing Countries of Asia

The Carbon Journey - Singapore's

First UNFCCC Registered CDM
Project“
(CDM Project Ref: 1950)

Ong Gin Keat 7 Oct 2010

gkongsg@gmail.com
 http://cdm.unfccc.int/index.html
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Registered projects: 1448

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Proceedings of the meeting may be viewed through webcast.
Issued CERs: 265,086,203
Expected CERs (from registered projects until

Reference / Documentation
the end of 2012): > 1,490,000,000

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Financial Times 17 April
2008

Stern admits he
underestimated
global warming.
Data after his report
came out in October
2006 has led him to
change his mind.

“In retrospect, he
would have taken a
much stronger view in
the report.”
“We cant keep doing the things we’ve
been doing and expect a different result.”
Obama TIME 1 Sept 2008
 Biomass Cogeneration
• Biomass
– Biomass is any plant derived organic matter available on a
renewable basis, including dedicated energy crops and trees,
agricultural food and feed crops, agricultural crop wastes and
residues, wood wastes and residues, aquatic plants etc. The energy
in biomass can be harnessed in waste-to-energy plants or
cogeneration plants.

• Cogeneration
– Cogeneration is the simultaneous production of electricity and heat,
both of which are used.

(Singapore National Climate Change Committee)

http://www.nccc.gov.sg/renewables/biomass.shtm)
 The Beginning
• UNFCCC adopted the Kyoto Protocol in 11 Dec 1997 and entered
into force on 16 February 2005. (8 years later)
• 1st World Registered CDM project (HFC, 3MCERs, India): 8 Mar 2005
• Singapore acceded to the Kyoto Protocol in 13 April 2006.
• ecoWise 1MW biomass boiler, 15t/hr operational 14 April 2005
– Use of electricity for internal use (consume 6t/hr steam)
– Tipping fee

• Board Resolution to proceed with CDM Project: 1 Nov 2006

– Thermal energy for the user. AMS IC
– Recovery of waste steam for heating/drying (ISO containers/Spent grains)
 CDM Criteria
1. Must promote sustainable development
(economic, environment, social contribution)

2. Emission reductions must be Real, Measurable

and Additional

3. Host country criteria:

- Ratified Kyoto Protocol
- Have the Designated National Authority
(DNA) confirm project is in line with country’s
sustainable development agenda and all laws
- DNA issues Letter of Approval (LoA)
Economic Criteria
• Job creation
• Recovering waste steam increases energy efficiency
• Knowledge – acquire and build up dryer along with gain in
construction/operations

Environmental Criteria
• Reduction of GHG emission by substitution of diesel fuelwith renewable
energy recovered from a biomass boiler
• No air emissions will be generated by the combustion of diesel oil
• In line with “The Singapore Green Plan 2012” :to achieve 25% reduction of
carbon intensity level from 1990 level by 2012

Social Criteria
• Min. 2.5% of carbon revenues donation to support charities
 Emission Reduction
CO2 emissions

Baseline emissions ~
business as usual
Diesel burners (BEy)

Emission reduction (Ery) Project activity

emissions
Biomass energy
(PEy)

Year
y

ERy= BEy – PEy - Leakage

 Barrier Analysis
The project activity would not have occurred anyway

Examples:

• Investment barrier: IRR is low without Carbon Credits, no

external financing

• Technological barrier: new technology must be imported

• Barrier due to prevailing practice: first of its kind

• Others barriers: institutional, limited information,

managerial resources, organizational capacity, financial
resources, or capacity to absorb new technologies
 Dryer
Spent grain dryer
– Will reduce the waste original weight by 65-70%.
– The steam consumption to dry one ton of waste is ~1 ton steam (6
barg)
 Steam requirement is ~ 5 tons/hour of steam will be required to dry
100 tons/day wet spent grain
Investment ~ 2,1 m S$ (total in two phases)
 Project Monitoring
18 Nov 2008 to 31 Dec 2009

Actual Total
1) Total Operating days 359 409 88%

Dryer Capacity - To dry 1 tonne spent grains from 70% moisture to 10% moisture

Design capacity Actual

2) Tonnes Steam 29,079 17,957 61.75%

3) CERs Comparision Estimated Calculated

CERs 25,939 4,180 or 16%

Reasons:
• 2nd dryer implementation delayed due to poor economic conditions
• Difficulties to secure sufficient quantity of spent grains to dry
 Time lines
1) Project Identification Note (PIN) and concept development Jan – June 2007

2) Stakeholders meeting 5 July 2007

DESIGN.
PROJECT DEVELOPER 3) Host DNA approval (technical committee approval) 22 Aug 2007
(8 Months)
4) Project Design Document (AMS -IC)
Project description, Baseline definition, Additionality assessment, To Aug 2007
CER calculations, Monitoring plan, Environmental and sustainability
impact, Stakeholders meeting comments

5) DOE appointment and project validation start 3 Sept 2007

VALIDATION/ 6) Draft PDD upload to DOE website (30days) 10 Sept – 9 Oct 2007

REGISTRATION 7) DOE Site visit/validation 19-20 Nov 2007

DOE. EB
(14 Months) 8) Upload to DOE website 10 Sept 2008
(Request for correction 7 Oct 08. Resubmitted 24 Oct 08)

9) Registration (by Registration and Issuance Team) 18 Nov 2008

(Actual informed 23/12/2008)

10) Monitoring Plan Implementation In progress

Monitoring
PROJECT DEVELOPER 11) Generation 18 Nov 2008 -
31 Dec 2009
Verification. DOE 12) Generation verification 1Q 2010

ISSUANCE 13) Issuance of CERs

EB
 Challenges
• PDD – from initial 43 pages to 60 pages
• Equipment design, engineering, fabrication,
installation, commissioning
• Mitigation of risks – project phasing, financial
• Working with unknowns. Expect and accept
potholes in the road.
Directions for the user
 Directions for the user
• Understand the issues
– Important elements
– Prioritise
– Engage stakeholders
– Find the right consultant
• Beware of ground level Implementation issues
– Results delivered at operational level
• Learn from mistakes.
– Middle management squeeze
 Directions for the user
• A CDM Roadmap?
– Rapid evolution, work in progress
– Know the technologies, engineering and limits
– Site verifications - know what is happening at site

• Networking, Mentor, Guru

– Not just your friends !
– The right consultant
• experience and track record
• Structure contract for mutual long term gain
– Project two steps ahead because that will decide your start yesterday
– Be guided by learning experience and work together
(soul searching may be required)
 In summary
• The methodology road has been
built and may be modified after you
drive through

• Sometimes you wonder if its still

the same road

• Sometimes you wander into

different places
 • And possible dead ends

Making your
own highway
Environmental and renewable/clean energy

Thank you
Be different

gkongsg@gmail.com