FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA

JENGKA, PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

COURSE BUILDING SERVICES LABORATORY

COURSE CODE ECM 346
LEVEL OF OPENNESS 1
CATEGORY PARTIALLY OPEN ENDED
DEGREE OF OPEN-ENDED (%) 33
PERIOD OF ACTIVITY 1 WEEK

ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING-POWER GENERATION, TRANSMISSION,

TITLE
DISTRIBUTION & SUPPLY OF ELECTRICITY

1.1 Introduction
In this laboratory activity, students will be introduced to the concept and
principles of generation, transmission, distribution and supply of electricity.

1.2 Objective
The objective of this laboratory session is:
1. To understand the generation, transmission and the distribution of
electricity from power generating facility to the buildings.
2. To understand the function of different substations and pylons used for
the distribution of electricity.

1.3 Learning Outcomes

At the end of the laboratory activities, students would be able to:
1. To acquire the understanding of the basic principles, involve in the
generating of electricity and principles in electrical generation.
PREAMBLE
2. To understand the flow of electrical power starting from power
generating facility to local households.

1.4 Theoretical Background

Electricity is generated when a loop of conducting wire rotates in a
magnetic field. The electricity flows to a transmission station where a
transformer changes a large current and low voltage into a small
current and high voltage. For the domestic supply, there are the
secondary distribution substations which are the step-down from the
11Kv to 415/240V. From the substation, there are 4 wires from the
substation (if 415V at 50Hz) to connect to the household.
The tapping from any one phase which are red, yellow, or blue and
one from neutral cable to become a single phase of 240V entering a
house. The current then flows to the neutralink and cut out. The
neutralink will connect the energy to the power system whereas the
cut out has its own fuse that can manage to cut the circuit when the
overload current flows through it.

©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG SEPT 2018

FAKULTI KEJURUTERAAN AWAM
UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA
JENGKA, PAHANG LABORATORY MANUAL

The electrical grid is incredibly reliable, but, there are times when it
fails. A key distinction to draw when discussion power outages are the
difference between blackouts that are region-wide (transmission-
related) and those that are localized (distribution-related). Blackouts
PROBLEM STATEMENT that affect whole regions are rare, but distribution systems are
disrupted much more often. This can occur when overhead lines
contact trees, extreme weather events like wind and fire physically
damage power lines, or when human contact with the components of
the supply lines.

3.1 Apparatus
Stationeries, camera.
3.2 Procedures
1. In groups, identify and locate the substations, feeder pillar and
electric cables used for the supply of electricity around UiTM
Jengka.
WAYS & MEANS
2. Prepare a detailed layout for each location; including the voltage
step-up or step-down, transmission structures and the cables
used for the distribution.
3.3 Data Acquisition
All data gathered and collected during the site visit and observation
must be tabulated in a proper format for easy verification and
presentation of the technical report.

4 Results, Analysis and Conclusion

The group is required to submit the technical report of the laboratory
observation.
The report must incorporate the followings:

RESULTS i. The tabulated format of each electrical transmission and distribution

system from GPP to building that includes pictures, location, types
and functions.
ii. A rational conclusion that could be made from doing this lab activity

The report must be submitted 1 week after the task is given.

©FKA, UiTM, PAHANG SEPT 2018