The effects of integrating mobile devices with teaching and learning on

students' learning performance: A meta-analysis and research synthesis

Abstract

Mobile devices such as laptops, personal digital assistants, and mobile phones
have become a learning tool with great potential in both classrooms and outdoor
learning. Although there have been qualitative analyses of the use of mobile
devices in education, systematic quantitative analyses of the effects of mobile-
integrated education are lacking. This study performed a meta-analysis and
research synthesis of the effects of integrated mobile devices in teaching and
learning, in which 110 experimental and quasiexperimental journal articles
published during the period 1993–2013 were coded and analyzed. Overall, there
was a moderate mean effect size of 0.523 for the application of mobile devices to
education. The effect sizes of moderator variables were analyzed and the
advantages and disadvantages of mobile learning in different levels of moderator
variables were synthesized based on content analyses of individual studies. The
results of this study and their implications for both research and practice are
discussed.
History of mobile phones

The history of mobile phones covers mobile communication devices that connect
wirelessly to the public switched telephone network.

While the transmission of speech by radio has a long history, the first models that
were wireless, mobile, and also capable of connecting to the standard telephone
network are much more recent. The first such devices were barely portable
compared to today's compact hand-held devices, and their use was clumsy.

Along with the process of developing a more portable technology, and a better
interconnections system, drastic changes have taken place in both the networking
of wireless communication and the prevalence of its use, with smartphones
becoming common globally and a growing proportion of Internet access now
done via mobile broadband.

Before the devices existed that are now referred to as mobile phones or cell
phones, there were some precursors. In 1908, a Professor Albert Jahnke and the
Oakland Transcontinental Aerial Telephone and Power Company claimed to have
developed a wireless telephone. They were accused of fraud and the charge was
then dropped, but they do not seem to have proceeded with production.[2]
Beginning in 1918, the German railroad system tested wireless telephony on
military trains between Berlin and Zossen.[3] In 1924, public trials started with
telephone connection on trains between Berlin and Hamburg. In 1925, the
company Zugtelephonie AG was founded to supply train telephony equipment
and, in 1926, telephone service in trains of the Deutsche Reichsbahn and the
German mail service on the route between Hamburg and Berlin was approved
and offered to first-class travelers.[4]
Karl Arnold drawing of public use of mobile telephones

Fiction anticipated the development of real world mobile telephones. In 1906, the
English caricaturist Lewis Baumer published a cartoon in Punch magazine entitled
"Forecasts for 1907" in which he showed a man and a woman in London's Hyde
Park each separately engaged in gambling and dating on wireless telephony
equipment. [5] Then, in 1926, the artist Karl Arnold created a visionary cartoon
about the use of mobile phones in the street, in the picture "wireless telephony",
published in the German satirical magazine Simplicissimus.[6]

The Second World War made military use of radio telephone links. Hand-held
radio transceivers have been available since the 1940s. Mobile telephones for
automobiles became available from some telephone companies in the 1940s.
Early devices were bulky, consumed high power, and the network supported only
a few simultaneous conversations. Modern cellular networks allow automatic and
pervasive use of mobile phones for voice and data communications.

In the United States, engineers from Bell Labs began work on a system to allow
mobile users to place and receive telephone calls from automobiles, leading to
the inauguration of mobile service on 17 June 1946 in St. Louis, Missouri. Shortly
after, AT&T offered Mobile Telephone Service. A wide range of mostly
incompatible mobile telephone services offered limited coverage area and only a
few available channels in urban areas. The introduction of cellular technology,
which allowed re-use of frequencies many times in small adjacent areas covered
by relatively low powered transmitters, made widespread adoption of mobile
telephones economically feasible.

In the USSR, Leonid Kupriyanovich, an engineer from Moscow, in 1957-1961

developed and presented a number of experimental models of handheld mobile
phones. The weight of one model, presented in 1961, was only 70 g and could fit
on a palm. [7][8] However, in the USSR the decision at first to develop the system
of the automobile "Altai" phone was made.[9]

In 1965, Bulgarian company "Radioelektronika" presented on the Inforga-65

international exhibition in Moscow the mobile automatic phone combined with a
base station. Solutions of this phone were based on a system developed by Leonid
Kupriyanovich. One base station, connected to one telephone wire line, could
serve up to 15 customers. [10]

The advances in mobile telephony can be traced in successive generations from

the early "0G" services like MTS and its successor Improved Mobile Telephone
Service, to first-generation (1G) analog cellular network, second-generation (2G)
digital cellular networks, and third-generation (3G) broadband data services to
the state-of-the-art, fourth-generation (4G) native-IP networks.
Cell-Phone Addiction: A Review

Abstract

We present a review of the studies that have been published about addiction to
cell phones. We analyze the concept of cell-phone addiction as well as its
prevalence, study methodologies, psychological features, and associated
psychiatric comorbidities. Research in this field has generally evolved from a
global view of the cell phone as a device to its analysis via applications and
contents. The diversity of criteria and methodological approaches that have been
used is notable, as is a certain lack of conceptual delimitation that has resulted in
a broad spread of prevalent data. There is a consensus about the existence of cell-
phone addiction, but the delimitation and criteria used by various researchers
vary. Cell-phone addiction shows a distinct user profile that differentiates it from
Internet addiction. Without evidence pointing to the influence of cultural level
and socioeconomic status, the pattern of abuse is greatest among young people,
primarily females. Intercultural and geographical differences have not been
sufficiently studied. The problematic use of cell phones has been associated with
personality variables, such as extraversion, neuroticism, self-esteem, impulsivity,
self-identity, and self-image. Similarly, sleep disturbance, anxiety, stress, and, to a
lesser extent, depression, which are also associated with Internet abuse, have
been associated with problematic cell-phone use. In addition, the present review
reveals the coexistence relationship between problematic cell-phone use and
substance use such as tobacco and alcohol.

Abstract

Mobile Phone Usage and Behavioral Science

Our identities may be largely determined by our social relationships with people
in our environment. In the mobile phone (and smart phone) era, the mobile
phone is indispensable for building and maintaining social relationships. That is,
our identities considerably depend on mobile phone usage. A better
understanding regarding mobile phone usage provides a better insight into our
own existence. There is need for further research on mobile phone usage.
Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Academic

Performance among Secondary School Students In

Taraba State, Nigeria

Abstract

This study employed survey design in investigating the influence of

Mobile phone usage on academic performance among secondary school

Student in Jalingo, Taraba State, Nigeria. The sample for the study was 300

Respondents selected from the total population of 6,482 respondents.

Stratified sampling technique was employed to select the sample. The

Mobile Phone Usage Questionnaire (MPUQ) adapted from Twum (2011),

Mathematic Achievement Test (MAT) and English Language Achievement

Test (ELAT), were the instrument used for this study. Data collected were

Analyzed using mean, standard deviation, t-test and ANOVA to answer the

Research questions and hypotheses. The finding of this study, revealed that

Mobile phone usage significantly influence academic performance among

Male and female senior secondary school students (t = 6.113, P = 0.02), age

Difference was not a significant factor in mobile phone usage on academic

Performance among senior secondary school students (f = 6.431, P = 0.022),

Parent’s occupation was not a significant factor in mobile phone usage on

Academic performance among senior secondary school students (f = 9.005,

p= 0.031) and that the frequency of mobile phone usage does not

Significantly influence academic performance among male and female senior

Secondary school students (t = 8.131, p = 0.02). It was recommended that,

School psychologists, teachers, school administrators, parents and students

Should be sensitized on the influence of mobile phone usage on academic

Performance among secondary school students irrespective of gender and

Age differences.

The Impact of Mobile Phone Usage on Student Learning

Abstract

In this study, we examined the impact of mobile phone usage, during class
lecture, on student learning. Participants in three different study groups (control,
low-distraction, and high-distraction) watched a video lecture, took notes on that
lecture, and took two learning assessments after watching the lecture. Students
who were not using their mobile phones wrote down 62% more information in
their notes, took more detailed notes, were able to recall more detailed
information from the lecture, and scored a full letter grade and a half higher on a
multiple choice test than those students who were actively using their mobile
phones. Theoretical and pedagogical implications are discussed.

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hone_Usage_on_Student_Learning [accessed Feb 23 2018].