Elements and Atoms

Elements:
 Substances cannot be broken down into simpler substances by physical changes or chemical changes.
 Elements are made of one particular type of Atom, which has its own properties.

Elements known before 1669:

 Carbon, Sulfur, Iron, Copper, Arsenic, Silver, Tin, Antimony, Gold, Mercury and lead.

Properties of element:
 Liquid elements – Mercury and Bromine
 Gases under normal condition – 11 elements
 All the other are solids

Sodium:
 Soft, Silvery-white metal with a melting point of 98*C and boiling point of 884*C.

Chloride:
 Yellow-green gas with a melting point of -101*C and a boiling point of -34*C

Compounds:
 Two or more elements joining together to form compounds
 Compounds have their own special property.
 Eg: Sodium Chloride
o Formed from sodium and chlorine.
o A white solid with melting point 801*C and boiling point 1420*C

Firework Compounds
 Compounds are used to make fireworks.
 When heated they produce different colours.
o Aluminium – Slivery-White
o Barium – Apple Green
o Calcium – Orange
o Caesium – Blue
o Copper – Green
o Lithium – Red
o Magnesium – White
o Sodium – Golden Yellow
o Rubidium – Violet Red
o Strontium – Red

History of Symbols:
 1787, Lavoisier and three other scientist set out names for 300 substances.
 1813, Jons Jakob Berzelius introduced symbols.

First 20 Elements:
Element Old Name Symbol Element Old Name Symbol
Hydrogen H Sodium Natrium Na
Helium He Magnesium Mg
Lithium Li Aluminium Al
Beryllium Be Silicon Si
Boron B Phosphorus P
Carbon C Sulphur S
Nitrogen N Chlorine Cl
Oxygen O Argon Ar
Fluorine F Potassium Kalium K
Neon Ne Calcium Ca