SOURCE MARKS AND CHAPTER DIVISIONS IN BEDE’S COMMENTARY ON LUKE The biblical commentaries prepared by Bede in the early eighth cen- tury were successful as soon as they were published and enjoyed great popularity in the ninth century. The extant Bede manuscripts copied in the ninth century evidently outnumber those of the works of Jerome, Gregory and Isidore, and are themselves outnumbered only by the manuscripts of the works of Augustine.’ Bede’s biblical commentaries were copied in significant quantities throughout the Middle Ages,? and they were treated with respect when they were printed for the first time by the famous publisher Josse Bade (Ascensius) in Paris in 1521-1522 (see plate 1).* Bade had planned to issue Bede's commentaries on the Old and New Testaments in a three-volume series, but as it turned out, he only printed the second and third volumes. The second volume appeared in 1521 and contained Bede's commentaries on Mark, Luke, ‘Acts, the Catholic Epistles and the Apocalypse. The third volume, which appeared in 1522, was a reprint of the 1499 edition of the florile- gium on the Epistles of Paul that was compiled by Florus of Lyon. Only in 1536 was Bade’s projected first volume printed by his successors, Jean de Roigny and Michel Vascosan, but it contained only two works, the commentary on Proverbs and the commentary on the Song of Songs. All three volumes were then reprinted in 1544-1545 as a set by Jean de Roigny (see plate 2). Bede's commentaries on 1 Samuel, on Ezra and Nehemiah and on Tobit and his Quaestiones XXX in libros Regum and De tabernaculo were printed for the first time in Basel in 1533 by Andreas Cratander and Johann Bebelius. Bede's homilies on 1. For the statistics, see my article, ‘Bernhard Bischoff’s Handlist of Carolingian Manuscripts’, Seritlura e civiltd 25 (2001), p. 93-116. 2. For statistics on the popularity of Bede's exegetical works in the Middle Ages, see Bedae Venerabilis Expositio Actuum Apostolorum et Retraclatio, ed. M.L.W. Laist- ner (Cambridge, Mass., 1939), p. xii, n. 1 3. The early printing history of the works of Bede is largely unknown, Most scho- lars seem to have been unaware of the editions of Bade and de Roigny.M. GORMAN 247 the Gospels were printed for the first time in Cologne in 1534 by [ohann Gymnicus, who reprinted them several times afterwards, When these works were reprinted in Basel in 1563 by Johann Her- wagen in his edition of Bede's opera omnia in eight volumes (see plate 3), Bede's luck had run out, for Herwagen printed many works under Bede’s name that had no connection with him, creating confusion that has persisted up to our own day, Since some of the manuscripts used by Herwagen and his editor Jacobus Pamelius have been preserved for us,* we know that his intention was to print as many works as possible and that he was not at all concerned with the problem of authenticity or with presenting an accurate text. In order to destroy the evidence of his perfidy, Herwagen even deleted the list of Bede’s works which Bede had appended to the last book of his Historia ecclesiastica gentis Anglo- rum from his version of Bede’s most famous text.’ Herwagen’s edition was reprinted in Cologne in 1612 and again in 1682. Bede's works were reprinted from Herwagen’s edition with no substantial changes by Giles in London in 1843-1844 and then by Migne in Paris in 1862. Since the days of Bede's first editors, men like Bade, de Roigny, Cratander and Gymnicus,° little attention has been paid to the texts of his many biblical commentaries, Publishers like Herwagen, Giles and Migne were content to make money by reprinting the previous edition, The fundamental problem is the fact that the works of Bede never be- came the object of study among the Benedictine scholars of the Congre- gation of St Maur who worked at St Germain des Prés in Paris in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The Maurists gave us not only new editions of the works of Augustine and Jerome, but also new edi- tions of the works of Gregory and Isidore, but they never undertook an edition of the works of Bede. A ray of hope appeared in 1939, when M.L.W. Laistner published a thoughtful and careful edition of Bede's expositio, retractatio and catalo- gue of place names on Acts. Laistner’s edition was based on a survey of many (but not all) of the oldest manuscripts, and he attempted to come 4. See my article, ‘Jacobus Pamelius (1536-1587) and a St Victor Manuscript Used for the 1563 Edition of Bede : Paris lat. 14489’, Seriptorium 52 (1998), p. 321-330 + pl. 48-51 On Herwagen’s edition, see my article, ‘The Canon of Bede's Works and the World of Ps. Bede’, Revue Bénédictine 111 (2001), p. 399-445. 6. On the publishing activities of this period, see the remarks of the unforgettable Richard Hunt, ‘The Need for a Guide to the Editors of Patristic Texts in the 16th century’, Studia Patristica 17/1, ed. Elizabeth Livincstone (Oxford, 1982), p. 365-REVUE BENEDICTINE eSECVNDVSaa pram Ven BePfier TOMVS ng isequne conti ee car F Ingsangeium Marci ab, OG) Mem sumtacel i Act porter In Epitolas Catholics in Apoosyptin Buca i rg verborum: marae Bade Aen gLw Paras fib Ga Pigfoa Plate 1. The title-page of Jose Bade's edition (Paris, 1521)