Faculty of engineering

Department of Civil Engineering & Surveying

Project: Reticulation Design (WER 301S) – Semester 2 - 2018

A group of newly appointed engineer technicians has been tasked to investigate the possibility of
providing water, sanitary sewer and stormwater infrastructure to a small town located in the
outskirts of the City of Cape Town. The information related to the town is provided in Table
below.
Village Number of household
1978 1988 1998 2008 2018
Number of household 136 198 257 219 368
Water consumption /household) 90 120 180 240 300
Population growth rate ? ? ? ? ?

Following a successful investigation, you are therefore requested to design each of the
aforementioned infrastructure by considering the design principles and criteria applicable in the
engineering field.
For instance,
 Consider the average household size to be 6
 The current water source is a borehole of a yield estimated to 1.8 l/s
 Borehole supplies water only over 8 hours’ daily
 Dry wet weather flow = 85% of total water demand
 Rainfall intensity of the area is 760 mm with warm summer month
 Water demand is expected to increase by about 0.8% yearly
 The design period for all infrastructure is 13 years
 The population growth rate and individual water demand are unknown
 There are no non-domestic water users in the area
 There is no fire risk at all.
 Water supply is intermittent over a period 11 hours daily split as follows: 4h00 to 9h00,
12h00 to 15h00 and 17h00 to 20h00
As a newly appointed water engineer, you are requested to design all water works for this town
by considering the design horizon to be 13 years for all infrastructure. The design should include
but not limited to the following:
1. Determine whether the actual available water (from boreholes) is sufficient to meet the
demand of the area. If not, suggest alternative water augmentation option to meet the
demand.
2. Determine the suitable pump and pipe diameter to collect water from the borehole to the
reservoir when the static head is about 75 m. Assume η = 75% and NPSHr as 2.6. There
are losses in the pipe (see area map for details) and pipe material is PVC.
3. Determine the capacity of the storage reservoir to cater a supply for a period of 36 hours
(in case of breakdown). Consider pumping period mentioned above, supply period to be
peak period (5h00 to 8h00, and 17h00 to 19h00). Average hourly demand is 80% for

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 peak period, 40% (9h00 to 12h00), 30% (12h00 to 17h00) and 20% after 20h00 until
4h00. Indicate the type of reservoir, shape, position and confirm whether the proposed
location (on the drawing) is optimum.
4. Design the water distribution network for the area illustrated in the drawing (using
Hardy Cross method) and estimate the required pressure when the initial pressure head
is 75 m. Indicate the level of service and water supply mode. Consider the population
being evenly distributed at each tapping point.
5. Design the sanitary sewer for the same area illustrated in the drawing (diameter and
discharge flow rate). Note that the sewer network should follow the same pathway as
that of water supply and the NGL should guide the direction of the discharge.
6. The client requests that an open channel should be designed for conveying stormwater.
Decide on the suitable stormwater drainage system shape of your choice. Design the
system based on information provided. Consider 80% of the land being impervious. The
rainfall recurrence interval is 10 years, C value is 0.55 and r value is 0.35. Stormwater
discharge point is located in the same area as the WWTW., hence has similar
characteristics.

Water Supply
reservoir

P
C

BH WWTW

Figure 1: Layout of the proposed work area

The pipes length are as follows: Pipe A-B: 500 m, pipe B-C: 350 m and pipe A-C: 600 m. The
distance between supply area and WWTW are as follows: A = 900 m, B = 600 m and C = 200 m.
Distance between the borehole and reservoir is 1,200 m, between the pump and borehole is 150
m.

Elevation:
- Borehole (BH): NGL = 2.5 m
- Pump = 3.6 m
- Reservoir: 60 m (above NGL)
- Supply node A: 55 m above NGL
- Node B: 70 m above NGL
- Node C: 25 m above NGL

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 - Wastewater treatment works (WWTW): 20 m above NGL
Note:
 Information not provided should be responsibly assumed and justified.
 No software calculation will be accepted.
 For pump, design requirements include: speed, power and NPSH a. Assume atmospheric
pressure = 10.3 m and vapour pressure = 0.25 m.
 Indicate the direction of the sewer and stormwater flows
 Consider 10% allowance for water loss in the distribution network
 Consider 10% allowance as infiltration in the sewer
 Each group member must work on a specific component of the project by choosing
either water distribution network, sanitary sewer or stormwater.

Project is due Tuesday 23 October 2018 (no later than 13.30). Late submission not accepted.

Project evaluation sheet (to be incorporated on the first page of the report)

Theme Evaluation criteria Score

Collective Individual
Student 1 Student 2 Student 3
Content Structure and consistency of ............./10
Presentation the report & language %
Design Understanding & application ................./25 ........../25% ........../25
of design principles % %
Design Philosophy and calculations ................./50 ........../50% ........../50
% %
Conclusions Conclusions & ............./10
recommendations %
Annexures Appendices attached ................/5
%
Sub-total
Total