IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)

Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm

A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

Enhancing Image Compression Process using

Thresholding Haar Transform for X-Ray Imaging
C.Rajeswari1 , Dr.S.Prakasam2
1
Research Scholar, 2Assistant Professor SCSVMV University , Kanchipuram

ABSTRACT
In image enhancement, x-ray imaging is based on a peculiar approach which is haar transform. Haar transform has proven to
be very effective and is used to decompose the high frequency sub images of wavelets, this helps us to extract high frequency
information effectively. Thresholding is a powerful method and is to create binary images from a grayscale image. Haar
transform requires only additions so the computation time is short. Thresholding haar transform model is designed for medical
images to transmit images over the network , it reduce the memory size. The performance evaluation of the image quality is
measured using compression ratio. It produces high compression ratio and running time is very less for different haar
compression key value with good compressed image quality.
Keywords: Haar Transform, Thresholding, Image Compression, PSNR

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 IMAGE COMPRESSION
Image compression is to reduce irrelevance data and redundancy of the image data in order to be able to store or
transmit data in an efficient form. Across the network, all images are transferred from one place to another place. It
needs more memory space to store an that image. In proposed work, compressed image needs less memory space to
store it. Image compression method has two types are lossy method and lossless method.

Figure1. Compression- Decompression process

1.2. LOSSLESS COMPRESSION

In the lossless data compression method, the original data can be exactly reconstructed as the original data. This type of
compression techniques are generally used in executable programs, text documents, and source codes. Some example of
lossless compression techniques are:
• a. Zip file format, and
• b. Tiff image format
1.2. LOSSY IMAGE COMPRESSION
Lossy algorithms are especially suitable for transmit images across the network with minor loss of information. Lossy
compression means that some data from the original image file is lost without affect the quality and it is not visible to
human. JPEGS and GIFS are example of lossy image formats. But, our human eyes do not really notice the difference
between JPEGS, GIFS, PNGS or other formats. The biggest benefit of lossy compression is that it significantly reduces
the size of the image file.

1.3. JPEG
The term "JPEG" is an acronym for the Joint Photographic Experts Group, which created the standard. JPEG is used
for lossy compression in digital images, with little perceptible loss in image quality. JPEG files usually have a filename

Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 Page 17

 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

extension of .jpg or .jpeg. JPEG supports a maximum image size of 65,535×65,535( 32-bit image i.e. 2^32) pixels.
JPEG compression is used in image file formats. JPEG is the most common image format used by digital cameras or
digital systems.

1.4. PEAK SIGNAL TO NOISE-RATIO

PSNR is commonly used to measure the quality of reconstruction of lossy compression images. PSNR ranges between
30dB and 50dB. PSNR value is derived from mean squared error (MSE) value. The mean square error (MSE) between
the original image I(i,j) and the reconstructed image K(i,j) is,

The PSNR is defined as:

Where MAXI =2n-1 and MAXI=255 for n=8bits

1.5. COMPRESSION RATIO

In the process of image compression, it is important to know how much detail coefficient can discard from the input
data information of the original data. Compression ratio (CR) is a measure of the reduction of the detail coefficient of
the data. It can be defined as,

CR= output image size(bytes)/input image size(bytes)

a=whos(‘inputfile’)
input=a.bytes
b=whos(‘outputfile’)
output=b.bytes
CRatio=output/input
Whos function describes the file name, size (rows, columns,dimension), size in bytes, class(uint8/uint16) and
additional information.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Neha Sikka et.al., in studies, A lossless technique of Image processing is proposed by considering Haar wavelet and
Vector transform techniques. 97% compression percentage is achieved , low SNR
(Signal to Noise Ratio) values and high RMSE values are achieved for the proposed system. A hybrid technique for
image compression is proposed, the output images obtained the lesser value of RMSE, larger value for SNR, High
compression percentage and high compression ratio for the proposed method. Hybrid technique for image compression
is formed compression percentage is 96.64

B.Venkateswara Reddy et.al., Region of interest (ROI) based image compression is an intelligent technique in
medical image storage. Embedded zero-tree wavelet (EZW) is simple and efficient. In his research, MRI medical
images are measured for compression and ROI based image compression is reported. The results reported good image
quality. Also the evaluation of lossless compression using two different wavelets is made possible to study the
performance of each technique. The technique of selecting the ROI and performing lossless compressing while the
lossy compression is performed on the background image . The adopted methodology yielded good results in terms of
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 Page 18
 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

image quality metrics like MSE and PSNR. DbWT offered better results when compared with HWT with unified
approach of using EZW technique for lossy compression on non-ROI. The measured MSE and the PSNR are 0.8546
and 97.6266

D.Ravichandran et.al., Analyze the performance of 3D medical image compression based on Discrete Wavelet
Transform (DWT) over the 2D medical images. The photo-realistic 3D models are not only for representation and
visualization but also for smart movement and transport of substance for the Image Guided Surgery (IGS). One of the
challenges, obstacles and hurdles faced by the health care institutions is limited data transmission speed to get to,
exchange and share these therapeutic pictures for the smart E-health services. 3D medical images are normally high
frequency patterns, wavelets provide better PSNR even at the higher values compression ratio than the corresponding
2Dimages. The proposed methods can be applied to extract their components necessary for a proper analysis, diagnosis
and medical treatment. Compression ratio is 33.55

Yuslinda Wati Mohamad Yusof et.al., The transformation Techniques Discrete Cosine Transform, Discrete Wavelet
Transform, Integer Wavelet Transform and Principal Component Analysis are applied to magnetic resonance image
(MRI) and computed tomography image (CT). These modalities provide the reviewing of the anatomical cross sections
and physiological states of patient. The finding shows that the wavelet techniques provided highest peak signal to-
noise ratio. The comparative analysis of various image transformation techniques are applied on medical images. The
results obtained that discrete wavelet transform, Haar is the best technique in providing the quality. It
is observed that the MSE using DWT Haar is almost zero that implies this transformation technique is able to secure
almost towards original image during reconstruction. DWT (Haar) transform produced PSNR value is 289.2335

3. METHODOLOGY
3.1. PROPOSED THRESHOLDING HAAR TRANSFORM ALGORITHM
// Input Image selection
Step 1: Read an input image as X [.jpg format only]
Step 2: Read haar compression key value as n
// Composite into an 8-bit
Step 3: Convert input image into 8X8 image as X
Step 4: Read that pixel value of an image
Step 5: Rescales the matrix X to int in the range[1,16]
// Compression Process
Step 6: Decomposite the wavelet transform using Haar method
Step 7: Read thresholding values using wdcbm2() function
Step 8: Compress the image using wavedec2() function
// Decompress or reconstructed image
Step 9: Decompress the image using inverse function waverec2() function
// Display CR & reconstructed image
Step 10: Display compression ratio using wdencmp() function
Step 11: Display PSNR value of input & output image
Step 12: Display elapsed time using TOC (in seconds)
Step 12: Display the output image

3.2 PROPOSED ALGORITHM PROCESS

The proposed algorithm process is shown in Figure2.
The input image is read and apply various methods to compress, encryption and decompression. Finally the output
image is displayed with good image quality. The compression ratio, PSNR and running time also displayed.

Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 Page 19

 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

Figure2. Proposed algorithm process

• Wcodemat() martix scaling function rescales the input X as integers in the range [1 16].
• Wavedec2() function returns the wavelet decomposition of the matrix X at level n.
• Wdencmp() function compresses image using hard thresholding
• Waverec2() function returns multi level 2-D wavelet reconstruction
4. RESULTS

The input .jpg image is selected using uigetfile function

• [imagefile1 , pathname]= uigetfile('.jpg','Open An image');
• title('original image');
• imshow(imagefile1);

From Matlab results, compared with existing PSNR value and proposed PSNR values.
Propsed algorithm produced good PSNR value compared with existing PSNR value.
From Medial images, the x-ray images are tested in Matlab according to thresholding values.
The output is shown in Table1 as below:

Table1. Comparison between proposed and existing results

Image Image Existing Proposed Algorithm Running

Name size(in PSNR(dB) time (in
KB) seconds)
Compressed PSNR(dB) Compression
image ratio
size(in KB)

Brain.jpg 6.34 120.32 1.07 29.93 99.9834 5.98

Image2.jp 8.54 20.36 1.60 45.04 98.6453 7.48

g
Img1- 9.78 32.08 2.61 23.65 98.6674 7.76
hand.jpg

Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 Page 20

 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

Figure3. Decompressed Image

Figure4. PSNR value and running time

5. DISCUSSION
From the Matlab results, the proposed algorithm Thresholding Haar Tranform produces as following:
• Good compression ratio.
• Less memory space.
• Good PSNR value.
• Running time is less
• Good image quality

6. CONCLUSION
Image compression is the main process in image processing. In the proposed work, the gray scale input
image[256X256] is compressed and then decompressed using haar compression key values. Compression ratio, PSNR
is tested various input image according to various haar compression key values. The running time is very less
compared with previous algorithm.
Compared with the previous research, the proposed algorithm produces good compression ratio, PSNR and good image
quality using Matlab. It is used to medical application such as x-ray imaging to transfer images or store in a digital
computer.

Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 Page 21

 IPASJ International Journal of Information Technology (IIJIT)
Web Site: http://www.ipasj.org/IIJIT/IIJIT.htm
A Publisher for Research Motivation ........ Email:editoriijit@ipasj.org
Volume 6, Issue 9, September 2018 ISSN 2321-5976

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[3]. D.Ravichandran , “Performance Analysis of Three-Dimensional Medical Image Compression Based on Discrete
Wavelet Transform”, IEEE Conference 978-1-4673-8993-8/16, 2016.
[4]. Yuslinda Wati Mohamad Yusof , “A Comparative Analysis of Transformation
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[5]. Hassan.K , “Grayscale Image Compression using Bit Plane Slicing and Developed RLE Algorithms”, Vol.6,
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