Universiti Kuala Lumpur

Malaysian Institute of Chemical & Bioengineering Technology

CPB 30004 PROCESS DYNAMICS & CONTROL

Tutorial 2

1. List types of inputs in a process.

Figure 1: Steps to Solve ODE using Laplace Transform

2. Solve the following ODE to obtain y(t), all initial conditions are y (0) = 0, x (0) = 0:

d 3 y( t) d 2 y(t ) dy ( t )
i) 30 + 43 +14 + y ( t ) = 2.5x ( t )
dt 3
dt 2
dt
d 2 y(t) dy(t)
ii) 7 - 50 + 43y(t) = 3x(t)
dt 2
dt
d 2 y (t ) dy ( t )
+2 + 3y ( t ) = 2x ( t )
iii) dt 2
dt , with x(t) = be-2t, b is a constant.

Ruby/ProcessControl/UniKLMICET
 Figure 2

3. Figure 2 shows a steam heated stirred tank. The manipulated variable for the system
is the steam flow rate, the controlled variable is the temperature of the product. The
setpoint of the temperature is 150°C. The tank has the following conditions:

Ti = 40°C; ΔHv = 600 cal/g; C = 1 cal/g. °C; w = 104 kg/hr; ρ = 103 kg/m3; V = 100 m3

i) Determine the steady state steam flowrate at setpoint temperature.

ii) Assuming linear dynamics model, calculate the value of process gain and time
constant.
iii) Suppose that steam flowrate is at steady state flowrate as calculated in (i).
The flowrate is then halved, determine the new steady state temperature.
Calculate also the time for the temperature to reach within the final 1°C
steady state condition.
iv) How can the time to reach the value in (iii) be shortened? Suppose the steam
rate is zero (the steam is stopped); how long does it take to reach T=95°C? Will
the temperature remain at 95°C once it reaches the new steady state? If not,
how can you keep it there? Sketch the temperature trajectory as a function of
time.

4. Figure 3 depicts a blender is mixing a stream w1 containing 80 kg/m3 of solute with a

second stream w2 containing 30 kg/m3 of solute to produce 5.0 m3/min of a solution
containing 50 kg/m3 of the solute. The volume of the blender is 60 m3.

i) Define the dynamic equation that relates the outlet composition to the input
variable. 

ii) Calculate the flowrate w1 and w2 when the outlet composition is at steady
state condition.
iii) Calculate the new x value for a step change in x2 to 45 kg/m3 when t = 5 min.
x1 remains unchanged.


Ruby/ProcessControl/UniKLMICET
 Figure 3

5. An electrical heated process is known to exhibit second-order dynamics with the

following parameter values: K = 3°C/kW,  = 3 min,  = 0.7. If the process is initially at
steady state at 70C with heater input of 20 kW and the heater input is suddenly
changed to 26 kW and held there:

i) What will be the expression for the process temperature as a function of time?
ii) What will be the maximum temperature that one observes? When will it occur?

6. A tank used to dampen liquid flow rate surges is known to exhibit second-order
dynamics. The input flow rate changes suddenly from 120 to 140 gal/min. An operator
notes that the tank level changes as follows:

Before input change: level = 6 ft and steady

Four minutes later: level = 11 ft
Forty minutes later: level = 10 ft and steady

i) Find the transfer function model that describes this process, at least
approximately. Evaluate parameters in your model, including units.
ii) Sketch the response of process.

Ruby/ProcessControl/UniKLMICET