Photoshop Notes Lesson Scanning Notes 53

Learning Photoshop very easily
Edition : 1
Coloring cartoon sketches in Photoshop a free... easy to follow... step-by-step

tutorial... breath new life into your old black and white sketches, and create new and
colorful web-ready art !
If you can scan your drawings you can begin right now. Just follow the steps
below...
We have started with intermediate level FREE training.... plus get 75 lessons of
Beginner's and Intermediate FREE Photoshop Course..
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"Cartooning... the red-headed step-child

of the art community."- jzero
Welcome to Jzero's Cartoonist Corner!
...a nice, clean, brightly lit corner of the web where we can post our cartoons, check in and see what our
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Photoshop and get a daily dose of cartooning inspiration!
Check out our ever-changing, ever-growing club activities folders - and jump right in! Old School,
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Quickies, Favorite Musicians, Mug Shots... it doesn't matter where you start... each one's just as wild n'
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Providing you don't come back as a CAT or something... then it might be pretty difficult to post coherent
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Scanning
There are basically two different ways you can color sketches ...correction: there are probably a
*million* ways, but explained in this tutorial are the 2 basic ways *I* choose to use. Depending on
the look I want I either scan the original as line art (black and white drawing) or grayscale (black
and white photo) at about 150 to 300 dpi. The smaller your end product will be the closer to 150
dpi you'll want to go.
Line art is what you use when you intentionally want to eliminate the gray tones in your art, while
grayscale is a good choice for scanning pencil sketches, which leaves in all those soft, varying
subtleties of your pencil lines.
Keep in mind that even when you use the line art method your drawing will "soften" a little the
moment you resize it, but being Photoshop allows you to keep your outline separate on it's own
layer, you can always give it a quick "sharpening", just before saving it for the web, without
disturbing your other layers.
As a tutorial sample I've done a quick sketch of my old landlady (uh, sorry about that) ...maybe
not the BEST sample I could give, but - oh well. Anyway, this is a detail of how both methods scan
in. Notice the photo setting also brings in the middle gray and texture of your paper. Again,
depending on the photo-realistic look you're going or not going for, you may want to suppress that
effect by adjusting your "levels" once in Photoshop - or use the line-art setting to begin with.
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What scan setting you choose will determine which method of coloring you'll use....
Coloring - Method One

when your art is scanned as line art/drawing
First, go to "image" and change your "mode" from bitmap to grayscale. A menu will pop up
allowing you to type in your grayscale size ratio. By default, it should say 1. If so, just click OK.
Then go back to "image", "mode" and select "RGB"... this will get you ready for creating your web
graphic in color.
Double click the italicized word "background" in your Layers palette. Your "Make Layer" menu will
pop open allowing you to name that layer. Name it "line" and then Click OK. Separating your line
this way keeps it safe and out of the way, so you can color and recolor, on another layer, without
touching your original.
Click your Zoom Tool (looks like a magnifying glass in your tool bar) and zoom in real close to any
area in your drawing which is black. Switch to your Magic Wand tool and click on (select) one of
the black areas. This will add a "dancing ants" selection to that area. To select all of the black
areas in your drawing, while the selection is still on, go to "Select" and then "Similar". You might
be too close to notice, but now all the black in your drawing is selected. Go to "Select", "Inverse"
and then hit your "Delete" key on your keyboard. This will remove everything that is not black - in
other words - all your white paper area.
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Now your image is transparent and ready for coloring. Zoom out until you can see
your entire drawing. Go to "Select", "Deselect" to get rid of the dancing ants, or
click the shortcut Ctrl+D on your keyboard.
continued
Some people, like me, find it easier to color their art if they're not looking at that checkerboard
transparent field. So simply add a white background to your Layers Palette by either selecting
"Add Layer" or click on the image that looks like a little page.
After renaming this layer something like "paper" go to "Edit", "Fill" and select "White" - then drag it
to the bottom of your other two layers. At some point you may want to either add or create an
"actual" background image to your art, over this layer, which is why I didn't say rename it
"background".
While your "paper" layer is highlighted in your Layers Palette, again, either select Add layer or
click on the image that looks like a little page. This will add another layer (named layer1) on top of
your "paper" layer. Name it "color". This is the only layer you will be working with (outside of a
possible background image added later) from this point on.
Start coloring...
While your color layer is selected, now you can begin lassoing portions of your drawing and filling
them with color. To get to your color palette, double click on the "Foreground Color/Background
Color" on your tool bar.
This will bring up your "Color Picker". Whatever color you select there will appear on your tool
bar's "Foreground Color" box. I prefer not to limit myself with using "Only Web Colors" so I usually
leave that box unchecked.
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The quickest way to fill your selected area now with the color you've chosen is by using the
"Alt/Backspace" buttons on your keyboard. Sometimes before "deselecting" an area (after I've
filled it with color) I will give an area of it a sweep with the "burn" tool and the "dodge" tool. This
easily adds highlights and shadows to an area without affecting anything around it. It's also just
as easy to pick lighter and darker variations in your Color Picker and use those with your airbrush
tool (found in the tool bar). If your "brush" palette is not already open, you can get it by going to
"Window" and click on "Show Brushes".
Little Tips...
Finished an area that you wish had been a different color, but don't have the time to recolor it all
by scratch? Before reaching for that gun, select it again and try "Image", "Adjust",
"Hue/Saturation" and move the Hue arrow to the left and right. Chances are you'll find the right
assortment of colors to replace it with.
You can bring any "texture" into your Photoshop drawing, either by creating one yourself, or
scanning almost anything around you. This works particularly nice when filling in areas like walls,
floors, dress patterns, photographic backgrounds - etc.
You can force perspective these textures for added reality. Just drag whatever texture you
scanned under your "color" layer. Or, if the character is standing behind glass or smoke - put it on
the top layer above your "line" and adjust the "Opacity" on the layers palette to suit your taste.
Try blurring your background a little. This gives your foreground subject that 3-D look.
Use special filters available to Photoshop users like Alien Skin.
Add shadows. This can sometimes be achieved most effectively by making a layer "copy" of the
foreground object and filling it in black with the "Preserve Transparency" option clicked on. Drag it
underneath, then unclick "Preserve Transparency" and give it a nice "Gaussian Blur" by going to
"Filter" and then "Blur". You can lighten it up by decreasing it's "Opacity", stretch it across a
background wall, skew it - whatever works for you.
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continued
Preparing Your Art For The Web...
Ever print out an image from the internet, expecting it to look as good as it does on screen, and
notice how "choppy" it looks on paper? That's because print images usually range between
150dpi to 300dpi, and images created for the internet display on your monitor at just 72dpi. Earlier
in this tutorial I suggested you scan your image at 150 - 300dpi, which is suitable for a nice
printout at actual size. But if you intend on displaying your image on the web you'll have to resize
it to 72dpi as a final step.
If you've got the space on your computer, I'd suggest you keep a copy of your work aside, and
use the other for resizing. To see what your art looks like at actual size simply double-click your
magnifying tool in your tool bar. Chances are, at this point you'll see just how huge your art would
look on the web if you just saved it this size.
Go to "Image", "Image Size". This will bring up your image size window. Change your resolution
to 72dpi and click OK. Your image will appear to shrink, so remember to again double-click the
magnifier to view it "actual size."
Now the choice is yours... is it still too large or just right? If it's still too large, go back to "Image",
"Image Size". Your resolution will still be 72dpi, as it should be - so don't change that. Look at
your "Pixel Dimensions" from this point on. Make sure "Constrain Proportions" is checked, as you
don't want to distort your art - and change either the Pixel Dimension width or height to something
a little smaller. Click OK. Keep creeping down the width or height like this (if you need to) until you
are happy with the size.
After you've got the size you like, flatten your image. To do this, go to your Layers palette, click on
the black arrow and select "Flatten Image".
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Go to "File", "Save For Web" and save your file at either a GIF or JPEG. Images with large area
of flat color usually look better saved as GIFS, while images with soft color variations look better
as JPEGs. GIFS can retain transparency - JPEGs cannot.
Individuality...
Well, this was just one way out of many ways that you can color a sketch within Photoshop. The
more you start pokin' around and experimenting with it - the more ways you'll come up with, I'm
sure! I hope this tutorial helped you out. Good luck on your projects!
The finished product. Beautiful, isn't she?

"Doncha make-uh-duh fun of mah-face! You wise-ehh guy!"
Coloring - Method Two

when your art is scanned as grayscale/photo
Coloring your sketch in grayscale/photo is only different from coloring in line art/drawing
inasmuch as your "color" layer lies on TOP of your other layers. You are no longer cutting away
"white space", or as referred to it in the other method, the "white paper area".
Instead, your drawing remains intact. All of your color is created on a layer you add on top of your
line. What enables you to still see your line through your color is the setting you pick within your
Layers palette - changing where it says "Normal" to "Multiply". You won't see this option available,
however, until you add a new layer (by clicking the little page icon on the Layers palette) - after
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doing this, rename your new layer "color". Also, don't forget your file is grayscale at this point and
needs to be changed to "RGB" by going to "Image" and then "Mode". You may get a reminder
window that says "Changing modes will affect layer compositioning. Flatten image before mode
change?" Click "Don't Flatten" Now you're ready to start coloring.
Make sure your "color" layer is still selected as shown above and use your lasso tool in your tool
bar to select an area to color. To get to your color palette, double click on the "Foreground
Color/Background Color" on your tool bar.
This will bring up your "Color Picker". Whatever color you select there will appear on your tool
bar's "Foreground Color" box.
The quickest way to fill your selected area now with the color you've chosen is by using the
"Alt/Backspace" buttons on your keyboard. Sometimes before "deselecting" an area (after I've
filled it with color) I will give an area of it a sweep with the "burn" tool and the "dodge" tool (found
in the tool bar). This easily adds highlights and shadows to an area without affecting anything
around it. It's also just as easy to pick lighter and darker variations in your Color Picker and use
those with your airbrush tool (also found in the tool bar). If your "brush" palette is not already
open, you can get it by going to "Window" and click on "Show Brushes".
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continued
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Note: Not all colors will lighten and darken effectively using this "Multiply" method.
As your "base" color (that you will darken and lighten using the "burn" and
"dodge" tools) try to pick a nice neutral color, somewhere in the mid range. If it's
too dark, let's say - you will not really notice too much of a difference when you
use the "burn" tool. Likewise, if it's too light a color you will not notice much of a
difference when you use the "dodge" tool.
Similarities...
Many methods already explained in the "coloring - method one" tutorial (like Little Tips) apply
here too. One major difference, however, is your background. Whether it be imported into your
document or created within Photoshop, your background - like all your color - has to be a layer
added on top of your line layer.
With your background on top (also in "Multiply" setting) you'll notice you're looking at a
combination of "background" layer and "color" layer, overlapping each other. Next, you'll need to
cut a "hole" through your background so that you can view your "color layer" through it -
unobstructed.
To do this, first "select" all of the colors in your "color" layer by holding down your "Ctrl" key while
clicking on the "color" layer thumbnail. Any area that is transparent on this layer will not be
selected.
While you still have your "dancing ants" selection made, switch over to your "background" layer
on top and hit "delete" on your keyboard. This will cut that area away.
Background... on top?
Well, once you get used to that notion using this method, it isn't all as backwards as it seems.
Working in "Multiply" mode gives you the added option of coloring not only grayscale scans,
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turning them into color - but you can also color something that's a color scan - enabling you to
add Photoshop color and filter effects.
Preparing Your Art For The Web...
There's no difference between methods when it comes to saving your art for the web - they're the
same here as there. Either way you choose - good luck on your projects!
Show Off!
Created something using this tutorial? Why not show it off at the club! Jzero's Cartoonist Corner
is a Yahoo!Groups club... community.... hang out... whatever you want to call it. Heck - it's FREE!
That's all that matters. So drop in and post your works... as many as you like, as often as you
want... and have fun!
< previous page
Magic Wand Tool - Photoshop lesson 1
Magic Wand is a tool selects the portion of an image, based on similar color pixels. This
tool works very well with the images having few colors and the wide range of similar
color pixels.
1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop7.0 > Samples > Ducky.tif
4. Select the second tool from the second column in the toolbox. It is called Magic Wand
Tool.
5. Click on the red beak of the duck. You will notice that only red colored pixels are
selected.
6. Click on the yellow body. Again, only yellow colored portion is selected.
7. Try to click on the black portion in the eyes. Only that portion is selected.
8. Click on the white background. The entire white background is selected with single
click.
9. Press Alt + Del to fill the color in the selection or try to paint with Paint Brush or Air
Brush Tool.
10. Press Ctrl + D to deselect.
11. While closing the image Photoshop will ask to save it.
Polygonal Lasso - Photoshop lesson 2
Polygonal Lasso is another selection tool selects the object by forming the straight
segments around it using mouse clicks.
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1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New
3. Make it 5 x 5 inches, RGB mode, white background
4. Choose the color from swatches.
5. Choose Polygonal Lasso Tool from the Lasso Fly out itself.
6. Click and go on clicking on different places. Come back to the starting point. The
cursor will display small zero with it, which indicates the joining point. Click here to
complete the selection.
7. At any point of time if you want to get rid of clicking, simply double click and the
segments joins automatically.
8. Press Alt + Del to fill the color in the selection.
9. Press Ctrl + Z for Undo.
10. Try to pain with Paint Brush or Air Brush Tool.
Lasso Tool - Photoshop lesson 3
In this we will study the Lasso Tool.

5. Choose second tool from the toolbox that is called Lasso Tool
6. Click and drag the mouse as if you are drawing some shape.
7. Release the mouse button. The selection will close automatically.
8. Press Alt + Del to fill the color in the selection.
10. Try to paint with Paint Brush or Air Brush Tool.
Marquee tool - Photoshop lesson 4
As a raster program, selection is one of the most important aspects of PhotoShop. Image
is formed with the group of pixels and they need to be selected for image processing.
PhotoShop offers tools and procedures for this selection. Elliptical & Rectangular
marquee tool is used for selection as well as to move the outline of the selection. These
tools are generally used for basic type of selections where you don't select irregular
shapes.

5. Choose first tool from the toolbox that is called Rectangular Marquee Tool.
6. Drag on the file to form rectangle.
7. You will get dotted animated rectangular selection.
8. Press Alt +Del to fill the color in the selection.
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10. Select Paint Brush or air Brush Tool.
11. Start painting within selection.
12. Try to paint outside the border of the selection. You will notice that you cannot paint
beyond the border of the selection. Press Ctrl + D to deselect. Try the same with Elliptical
Marquee Tool. Simply keep the Rectangular Marquee Tool pressed for a while, it will
open more tools within, and then select Elliptical Marquee Tool.
Navigation - Photoshop lesson 5
In this lesson we will see the navigation facilities in Photoshop. Photoshop provides 2
basic tools for navigation and display.
1. Zoom Tool & 2. Hand Tool
You will find both the tools at the bottom of the toolbox. These tools are common in
almost all the graphic softwares. The functions are also same. Zoom Tool is used for
magnifying the image and Hand Tool is to scroll around the image if it is broader than the
desktop. But there is something more with these tools in Photoshop.
1. Open Photoshop. 2. Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Eagle.psd
3. You may get the 66.7% of the original images.
4. Double click on the Zoom Tool. You will get enlarged 100% image.
5. The percentage can be read on the top of the image file.
6. Maximize the image. It may be broader than window. If not, click Zoom Tool once in
the image. It will be more enlarged.
7. Select Hand Tool to scroll the image.
8. Double click on the Hand Tool to fit the image in the window.
9. Go to Window > Show Navigator if the palette is not opened.
10. Move the slider to left and right. Check the change in the display of an image.
11. Click on the Zoom In and Zoom out icons to the left and right side of the slider.
12. Check out the percentage value when you will click Zoom in and Zoom out. Try
different images and work with Zoom and Hand Tool with Navigator Palette.
Colors and Swatches - Photoshop lesson 6
Working with colors is a serious job in Photoshop. We will see some basics of the color
facilities in the software.

3. RGB mode, 5 X 5 inches, white background.
4. Check out at the bottom of the toolbox. You will find two small squares overlapping
each other.
5. Top Square represents Foreground color and the bottom one represents Background
color.
6. There is another smaller version of the Squares at bottom left of the big pair.
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7. Click on it and the Squares turn into black and white.
8. Click on the top square. Color picker box will open. Select any shade of the color.
9. Click on the bottom square. Color picker box will open. Select any shade of the color.
10. There is double sided bend arrow on the top right side of the squares.
11. Click on it. You will notice that the color changes their position. i.e. foreground
become background and vice versa.
12. Hold Alt and click on the color in the Swatches select the background color.
Gradient Tool - Photoshop lesson 7
Gradient Tool is used for creating smooth color effect from foreground to background or
vice versa, rainbow and preset colors. In web graphics, it is used for making web buttons.

3. 5 x 5 inches, 72 PPI, RGB mode, White background.
4. Choose foreground and background colors.
5. Choose Gradient Tool from sixth row and second column in the toolbox.
6. The option bar below the menu bar is changed into the properties of Gradient Tool.
7. Click the cursor on the first drop down list. It will display the list of the color bands
available.
8. The first color band will be made with the colors you have chosen as foreground and
background.
9. Select the color band and drag on the file.
10. The canvas is filled with the smooth color transition.
11. Press CTRL + Z for undo and try all the color bands.
12. There are five types of gradients available. You will find into the right of drop down
list.
13. Select one by one and try on the canvas.
Blur Tool - Photoshop lesson 8
Blur Tool is used to soften the sharp portion of an image.

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 >Samples > peppers.jpg
4. Choose Blur Tool from the first column, seventh row.
5. Choose bigger brush size say 95 from the option bar.
6. Start dragging the brush on the image.
7. You need to wait for few seconds if you have slow machine to get the effect.
8. Wherever you drag the brush, the portion becomes blurred.
9. Try the tool on different portion.
10. Change the brush size and try the tool.
11. Change the percentage of the pressure in the option bar and try the tool again.
12. Keep on pressing ctrl + Z for Undo.
13. Please don't save an image.
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Sharpen Tool - Photoshop lesson 9
Sharpen Tool is used to Sharpen the Blurred portion of an image. You have to be very
careful while using Sharpen Tool because it may destroy the image by making it too
sharp with even a single excessive stroke of the tool.

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 >Samples > peppers.jpg
4. Choose Sharpen Tool from the first column, seventh row.
8. Wherever you drag the brush, the portion becomes sharp.
9. Try the tool on the background also.
10. Change the brush size and again try the tool.
11. Change the percentage of the pressure in the option bar and try it again.
12. Keep on pressing CTRL + Z for Undo.
Smudge Tool - Photoshop lesson 10
Smudge Tool is used for the effect of dragging the finger through wet paint. This way you
can get the effect of mixing two colors also.

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 >Samples > Peppers.jpg
4. Choose Smudge Tool from the first column, seventh row.
5. Choose Hard brush size say 19 pixels.
8. Wherever you drag the brush, it appears as if you have dragged the finger through the
wet paint.
9. Try the tool on different colors in the image.
Dodge Tool - Photoshop lesson 11
Dodge Tool is used to lighten the dark area in an image.

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4. Choose Dodge Tool from the second column, seventh row.
8. Wherever you drag the brush, the portion becomes lighter.
9. Try the tool on the background.
Burn Tool - Photoshop lesson 12
Burn Tool as a name suggests is used to darken the light area in an image.
1. Open Photoshop 2. File > Open

4. Choose Burn Tool from the second column, seventh row.
8. Wherever you drag the brush, the portion becomes darker.
9. Try the tool on different colors in the image.
10. Change the brush size and use the tool.
Sponge Tool - Photoshop lesson 13
Sponge Tool is used to change the color saturation in an image. You have to observe the
effect of this tool minutely.

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Dune.tif
4. Choose Sponge Tool from the second column, seventh row.
5. In the option bar, Desiderate is selected in the mode.
6. Choose Hard brush size say 65 pixels from the option bar.
7. Start dragging the brush on the face of the bear. Keep on dragging in the same area.
9. Wherever you drag the brush, the color is fading out and the portion is turning towards
gray.
10. Try the tool on the sky.
11. In the option bar, choose saturate in the Mode.
12. Start dragging the brush on the sand. Keep on dragging in the same area.
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13. Wherever you drag the brush, the color intensity is increasing.
The concept of Photo Retouching - Photoshop lesson 14
In this lesson we will study the concept of Photo Retouching! Photo retouching is a
serious chapter of Photoshop. Most of the beginner deals with filter as if it is made for
fun. This may be true only for the beginner. But once you want to use the software for
serious work, filters helps you exclusively for minute detailing in photo retouching.
What is Photo Retouching? In simple words, photo retouching is manipulation of the

photograph according to the requirement-using photo retouching commands. This
manipulation or the editing has a wide range. The photograph maybe blurred, needs
sharpening. It may be too sharp needs little blurring. It may be dark needs lightening. It
may be light needs little darkening.
Besides, you need to change the intensity of the tones of the image. Every image made up
of three types of pixels. Shadows, represents darkest pixels, midtones represent gray
pixels and the highlights represents lightest pixels in the image. You may need to change
the levels of the intensity of these images. You may get old photograph where you want
to remove dust and scratches. You may want to color the black and white photograph.
And finally you may want to add special effects to the image by applying filters. All this
comes under Photo Retouching and it is still more. Retouching an image is a matter of
skill and experience. User has to go slow. Wait to see the effects. Photo retouching
commands are very minute. Sometimes you may not see any dramatic change in the
image but the overall appearance of the image may be changed. User must train himself
to acknowledge the difference after applying the minute retouching commands.
Undo and History palette - Photoshop lesson 15
Undo is a universal command found in almost all the softwares. It is a facility to go back
to your previous work if you made mistake or you need to go back to previous step.
There are packages like Corel DRAW comes up with several steps of Undo. Photoshop
provides only one step undo if you work with keyboard. Press Ctrl + Z for undo, you will
go back one step.
3. 5 x 5 inches, RGB mode, white background
4. Choose any painting tool from toolbox. Choose the color from swatches.
5. Start Painting.
7. You will notice that the last stroke is vanished as you press Ctrl + Z.
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But there is a lot more Photoshop offer for Undo command. There is a History palette that
takes you several steps back.

3. 5 x 5 inches, RGB mode, white background
4. Choose any painting tool from toolbox. Choose the color from swatches.
5. Start Painting. Apply 6-7 random strokes. You can use different colors also.
6. Windows > Show History (only if History Palette is not opened)
7. You will that it display the steps of your work.
8. Go on selecting the steps from bottom to top. As you go up a single step, you get back
to previous step of your work in the file.
9. You can come back to your latest stroke by selecting the bottom most steps.
10. Open new file. Open History Palette. Start painting and checkout the steps formed in
the palette.
11. Practice History palette and Ctrl + Z command.
You will use this occasionally while working with Photoshop.
Basic terms - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 16
Let us have clear idea about the basic terms in graphics. It is advisable to go through the
basics before starting with any package.
Color
Colors play a significant role in web page designing. Everyone likes to use colors for web
page but it requires little practice to use colors effectively with balance and economy. You
need to know color basics and the technical reasons behind the use of colors to explore
the maximum potential of colors. The site has devoted an entire section on color basics to
clear the color concepts.
Graphics
Pictorial representation of data is called graphics. The term is broadly used in the world
of digital arts, image processing, illustrations, designing, animation and so on. Web
graphics evolved with the introduction of colorful, pleasant websites, which includes
buttons, textures, backgrounds, icons, images, gif animations, navigation bars etc. All the
leading image-processing packages are now enhanced with the optimizing techniques,
useful to create graphics suitable for web.
Image
This is more specific. Any picture including traditional scanned photograph can be called
an image. Some processing requires before using images for web. Packages like
photoshop made this work fairly simple with its helpful commands. Images make web
page more alive but increases download time hence its use must be kept economical both
in time and designing aspect.
Basic terms - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 17
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Image Processing
People use the word "image editing " and "image processing" for the same. Generally
image processing involves adjusting the technical properties of the image and modifying
the actual content of the image may be to give totally new look to the image.
Font
People love to work with fonts. It is a design of character. It comes with wide range.
Choosing proper font is a matter of skill. Selection of font is very important for web
because it must be available on visitors desktop or it may destroy the look of the site.
Cliparts
Generally deals with line arts. Mostly created with Gif format where line of the picture is
more important than color. Cartoons, icons and sometimes buttons also comes under this
category. Lots of CDs available in the market to provide wide range of cliparts suitable
for any purpose. Cliparts add more meaning to the subject.
Designing
If it is graphic designing it includes drawing, creating and editing the pictures generally
using vector programs like Corel Draw, Adobe Illustrator etc. Web designing contains
designing of HTML pages using editors like Frontpage, Dreamweaver etc.
Resolution
Resolution is something of prime importance in digital arts. In a general term it is
referred to image resolution, monitor resolution and output device resolution. To be
precise, it is a unit of measurement, used to determine the size of an image, the way an
image displayed on the monitor and the device on which an image is output.
Animation
Changing the frames with respect to time is a definition of the traditional animation. It
adds spice to the web. The use of animation for web is a critical question. It has to go
along the theme and the nature of the web. Flash is a keyword for animation today.
Multimedia
Today, the web pages are blinking with different media. You can read the text, see the
pictures, hear the sounds and watch the videos also. Integrating all these media makes
Multimedia environment.
File Formats
You have to save the image in proper format to work further if you want to open it in
different package. If it is transported through net or uploaded on the web it has to be in
the right format. The common formats are Jpeg and Gif.
Resolution - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 18
Introduction
Resolution is something of prime importance in digital arts. In a general term it is
referred to image resolution, monitor resolution and output device resolution. To be
precise, it is a unit of measurement, used to determine the size of an image, the way an
image displayed on the monitor and the device on which an image is output.
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While preparing the image in digital arts we have to consider these three ways of
resolution. Different Raster packages, like Photoshop etc. comes up with different
facilities to decide and manipulate resolution.
It is essential to have good amount of knowledge of this resolution concept as it affects
the entire artwork. With web, it can totally change the appearance of the design of the
site. Specially, it is considered to be the job of skilled person when it comes to resolution
while scanning.
Image resolution
It is measured in PPI i.e. pixel per inch. It can be defined as number of pixels in the
image. The more the pixel in the image the higher is the resolution and larger is the size
of the file. It can be explained with the following example. A 1-inch square of an image
scanned at 72 PPI contains 5184 pixels (72 X 72) and has a file size of 6K, if the same
file is scanned at 144 PPI will contain 20736 pixels (144 X 144) will have file size 21 K.
Resolution - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 19
Monitor resolution
It's a hardware related resolution hence it is fixed, decided by the manufacturer of the
monitor. It is measured in dpi (dots per inch). Mostly monitors come with 72 dpi
resolution. It determines how your image is displayed on your monitor. Image with
higher resolution appears larger on the screen. An image scanned at 144 PPI appears
doubled then the image scanned at 72 PPI because on 72 dpi monitor, only 72 of the 144
PPI can be displayed in one inch.
Output resolution
It is measured in dpi (dots per inch) and lpi (line per inch). It is device dependent. It
determines the quality of the final printed image. Normal inkjet printer can have the
resolution of 300- 600 dpi where laser may go up to 1200 -2400 dpi or even higher.
Bit resolution
Each pixel has particular depth which is called as "Bit Resolution". It measures the
amount of color information stored per pixel. This is again measures in number of bits.
Selection - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 20
We have already seen main selection tools and now we will see the practical application
of these tools.
3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Ducky.tif
4. Choose Rectangular Marquee Tool.
5. Drag it on the image and make rectangular selection. Release the mouse button.
6. Place the cursor within the selection and drag it again.
7. You will notice that the selection is moving. This is the way of adjusting or moving the
selections.
8. Now select the first tool in the second column, called Move Tool.
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9. Place the cursor within the selection and drag it again.
10. It cuts the selection and the selection is moved with the cursor.
11. This is the way; part of an image is cut and moved.
12. The color behind the cutting is the background color selected.
13. All of us know that we can select any foreground color by clicking in the swatches.
14. Press Alt and click any color in the swatches. It becomes background color.
15. Change the background color and make another selection. Cut and move with Move
tool. You will see the new background color beneath.
Selection - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 21
We will see some more advanced features of selection techniques.

3. Open the image from Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 6.0 > Samples > Ducky.tif
4. Choose Elliptical Marquee Tool.
5. Drag it on the image and make rectangular selection. Release the mouse button.
6. Select > Modify > Expand. Type 10 as pixel value and click ok.
7. The selection is increased by 10 pixels.
8. Select > Modify > Contract. Type 10 as pixel value and click ok.
9. The selection is decreased by 10 pixels if you type 10 as a pixel value.
10. This feature is particularly used while making web buttons.
11. You can again practice of moving and cutting the selections.
12. Try to change the background color and cut the selections.
Try to practice selection tools. Its one of the main important aspects of raster software
because everything is pixel based in these packages and the selection of particular,
precise pixels is a tricky job.
Levels - Photoshop lesson 22
We will be using the levels to adjust the highlights, midtones and shadows in the image.
1. Open Photoshop
2. File > Open > Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples >Dune.tif
3. Image > Adjust > Levels
4. Check out the bottom band with two small black & white triangles below.
5. Drag the left dark triangle towards right.
6. The image gets lighten.
7. Drag the left black triangle back to its original position.
8. Drag the right triangle towards left.
9. The image gets darken.
10. Drag the right triangle back to its original position.
11. Now try to change the positions of the triangles in the upper graph.
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12. You will continuously notice the difference while changing the position of the
triangles.
13. Please do not save the image.
Auto Levels - Photoshop lesson 23
You must have practiced previous lesson, which was about levels. You have some control
over that command. The software carries out the same command without any moving
sliders or changing the values. Auto levels sets the highlights (the lightest pixels) and the
shadows (darkest pixels) automatically.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. File > Open
3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Pasta.jpg
4. First observe the image very carefully.
5. It has some yellow tint. 6. It is bit dark.
7. Image > Adjustments > Auto Levels
8. The image is big. It may take few seconds to get the effect of the command
9. Now the image is clearer.
10. The yellow tint is vanished up to certain level.
11. Press CTRL + Z for undo and check out the original image.
12. Press CTRL + Z again to see the effect of "Auto Levels"command.
13. Observe the difference carefully.
14. Do not save an image.
Auto Contrast - Photoshop lesson 24
For Auto Contrast you need photographic or continuous toned image. The command
adjusts the contrast automatically.
3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Eagle.psd
5. Image > Adjustments > Auto Contrast
7. Now the image is clearer.
8. The darkness of an image is vanished.
9. Press Ctrl + Z for undo and check out the original image.
10. Press Ctrl + Z again to see the effect of "Auto Contrast"command.
11. Observe the difference carefully. Do not save an image.
Auto Color - Photoshop lesson 25
Auto color again adjusts the contrast.

3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > PalmTree.tif
4. Image > Mode > RGB
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6. Image > Adjustments > Auto Color
8. Now the image is brighter and clearer.
9. The darkness of an image is vanished.
10. Press CTRL + Z for undo and check out the original image.
11. Press CTRL + Z again to see the effect of "Auto Color" command.
12. Observe the difference carefully. Do not save an image.
Curves - Photoshop lesson 26
Curves also adjust the tonal range but with special way. It provides you the curve where
you create the points and by manipulating the curve you can adjust the tonal range.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. C: > Program Files > Adobe > Samples > Eagle.psd
3. Observe the image carefully.
4. Image > Adjustments > Curves
5. The dialogue box will appear.
6. Click anywhere on the curve.
7. The point will be created on the curve.
8. Press the mouse button and drag up or down.
9. You will see the change in the image simultaneously as you make change in the curve.
10. You can create another point on the curve and again drag the point.
11. Observe the change in the image carefully.
Color Balance - Photoshop lesson 27
Color Balance is an important command used for general color correction. I would
request all of you to spend some time studying this command. Before starting with color
balance, I will teach how to flatten the image and merge all the layers into single one.
3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Flower.psd
4. Go to Layer palette. If it is not open, Click Window > Layers
5. Click on the small triangle situated on the upper right of the layer palette.
6. Click Flatten Image.
7. You will notice in the layer palette that all the layers are merged in the background
layer.
8. The original image had five layers. And the color Balance command will affect only on
the layer, which is selected.
9. After flattening the image, the command will work on the entire image.
10. Image > Adjustments > Color Balance
11. The dialogue box will open with Midtones is selected by default under tonal balance.
12. Make sure that preview button is on. Drag the box towards any side so that you can
observe the changes in the image simultaneously.
13. Move the slider towards red.
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14. Observe the change in the image.
15. The values are numerically represented in color levels.
16. Keep on moving the sliders in the different combinations and observe the effect on
the image.
17. Input zeros in the three boxes of color levels to bring it to default.
18. Select Shadows.
19. Again move the sliders. Observe the change.
20. Input zeros again.
21. Select Highlights.
22. Move the sliders and observe the changes.
Brightness / Contrast - Photoshop lesson 28
Brightness / Contrast is a small but very useful command for photo retouching. It can be
used for quick work.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0
2. C:> Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Palm Tree.tif
3. First convert the mode into RGB so that most of the photoshop commands will be
available.
4. Image > Mode > RGB
5. Observe the sample carefully.
6. Image > Adjustments > Brightness / Contrast
7. The dialogue box will appear. Make sure that preview is on.
8. Input the value 70 in brightness.
9. Check out the difference.
10. Try different values in brightness / contrast input boxes.
11. Try the effects by moving the sliders.
Hue / Saturation - Photoshop lesson 29
Hue / Saturation is the command by which you can create lots of effects. We will learn
the beginner level of this command and see how it produces astonishing effects.

2. C: > Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > PalmTree.tif
3. Convert the mode into RGB by Image > Mode > RGB color
4. Observe the image carefully.
5. Image > Adjustments > Hue / Saturation
6. Make sure that preview is on.
7. Drag the Hue slider and check out the effect on the image.
8. Drag the Saturation slider and check out the effect on the image.
9. Drag the Lightness slider and check out the effect on the image.
10. Input Zero in Hue, Saturation and Lightness boxes to bring it to default.
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11. Check Colorize on.
12. Move Hue slider and check out the effect.
13. Work with Saturation and Lightness slider also.
Desaturate - Photoshop lesson 30
If you are working with colorful image and want to convert it in black & white, you don't
have to go for gray scale mode. You will get the same effect without changing the mode
with desaturate command.

2. C:> Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Peppers.jpg
3. Check out the colors. Now you want this image in black & white.
4. Image > Adjustments > Desaturate
5. The image is converted into black & white.
6. Please note the point that whenever we say black & white its not only black & white. It
means the photograph with black, white and gray which make continuous smooth tone.
Invert - Photoshop lesson 31
This a nice effect to covert an image into its negative. You will create an effect like the
negative of the photograph.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0. 2. C: > Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples >
Peppers.jpg
3. Image > Adjustments > Invert
4. The image is converted into negative.
5. Please do not save an image.
Equalize - Photoshop lesson 32
Equalize command is used to correct the brightness level. You can use this command to
produce lighter image if it is darker than the original when scanned.

3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > Pasta.jpg
4. Image > Adjustments > Equalize
5. The image becomes lighter.
6. Observe the changes carefully.
Threshold - Photoshop lesson - 33
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Threshold converts colored or grayscale images into black and white images containing
only black and white pixels and not gray.

3. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > PalmTree.tif
4. Image > Adjustments > Threshold
5. The image is converted into black and white.
7. Now you can try black and white image.
8. File > Open
9. Program Files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > Samples > OldImage.jpg
10. Image > Adjustments > Threshold
New Features of Photoshop - Photoshop lessons - 34
The instruction will be obviously little more than beginners level and you are expected to
spend little more time on it. Some of the commands will be repeated with in-depth
explanations. I would like to cover the new additions in Photoshop 7.0 in the beginning
of this level. We will cover "File Browser" in this lesson.
It was bit tedious to open the exact file in the Photoshop remembering the name. Now
adobe has come up with the file browser facility within Photoshop where you can
visually get the records of the images with thumbnails and organize your images.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. Windows > File Browser

3. You will find the browsing facility towards the top left.
4. Open C: > Program files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > samples
5. The thumbnails will be displayed on the right side of the window, occupying the large
area of the file browser.
6. Click the small triangle on the top right and change the thumbnail style to small,
medium or large thumbnails.
7. Click on the eagle file
8. You will get the detail information about the file on the bottom left of the window.
Scroll down to see the complete information.
9. Click the small triangle on the top right. Click Rename to rename the file.
10. You can delete the file by selecting the Delete command. Please do not delete any file.
We need all the files for the lessons.
11. Drag the eagle file out of the browser window. The file is opened now.
12. Close all the files. Because you can not rotate any image if it is already opened in the
Photoshop.
13. Select Ducky image.
14. Click the small triangle on the top right. Select Rotate 180
15. The image is turned upside down.
16. Repeat the procedure again to bring the image to its original position.
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Healing Brush - Photoshop lessons - 35
If you have worked with the cloning stamp tool, you can easily understand healing brush.
Cloning stamp tool is use to create the replica of the source image on the destination
image. But healingbrush goes far ahead, modifying the texture, shading and tonal values
of the source area to match the destination. It is the best tool for photo retouching where
you want to remove the scratches and dust from the photo.

2. Open C: > Program files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > samples >Ducky.tif
3. There are two dark spots around the neck of the duck and we are going to remove it
with Healing Brush.
4. Select the healing brush. It is forth from the top in the first column of the tool box.
5. Make brush diameter 40 from the option bar situated under menu bar.
6. Press Alt and click on the front yellow plain portion of the duck to set the sample point.
Release Alt and the mouse button.
7. Start dragging the mouse over the dark area under the beak. Be careful and try not to
drag over the beak.
8. When you finished dragging the darker area with healing brush, release the mouse
button again.
9. You will find the destination darker area is corrected with the proper blending.
10. Repeat the procedure for the other dark area.
11. This time choose the back plain yellow portion to set the sample.
12. Take brush size according to your requirement.
13. Experiment with the brush sizes.
14. Keep the History palette open and go back to the original image if you make any
mistake. Restart the lesson again.
Patch Tool - Photoshop lessons - 36
This is another great tool for photo retouching. You need to work minutely to produce
better results. Patch tool work on the similar principle, healing brush works but you need
to select the area you want to repair. I have always emphasized on the importance of
selection tools in Photoshop. If you master the selection techniques, Photoshop is almost
yours. We will be retouching the same image and the same dark spots around duck's neck.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. Open C: > Program files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > samples
>Ducky.tif
3. You need to select one of the two dark spots with Patch Tool. Let us start with the area
below the beak.
4. Select the Patch Tool. It is forth from the top in the first column of the tool box, may be
hidden under Healing Brush fly out menu.
5. Select the dark area under the beak with Patch Tool.
6. The method of selection is similar to Lasso tool.
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7. Keep the cursor within the selection.
8. Press the mouse button and drag the selection towards plain yellow area in the front.
9. Release the mouse button when you bring the selection in the plain yellow area.
10. You will find darker area is corrected with the proper blending.
11. Repeat the procedure for the other dark area.
12. Keep the History palette open and go back to the original image if you make any
mistake. Restart the lesson again.
Auto Color Again! - Photoshop lessons - 37
We will see the difference between auto color and auto level. Both of these command
plays great role in photo retouching. Observe the difference and learn to use the
command according to requirement.
>peppers.jpg
3. You need to duplicate the file and apply two different commands to check out the
difference.
4. Right click on the tile of an image.
5. You will find the tile on the blue stripe on the top of theimage where the name of an
image and the size in percentage is mentioned.
6. Right click and click Duplicate.
7. You will get the box giving the name as Peppers copy.jpg Click OK.
8. Select original image.
9. Select Image > Adjustments > Auto Levels.
10. The image is properly toned and clear.
11. Select the copy.
12. Select Image > Adjustments > Auto Colors.
13. Again an image is properly toned
14. Observe the images minutely.
15. You will come to know that in the original image where AutoLevels is used, the
yellow tint still remained in a slightest form.
16. And the second image, where Auto Colors is used, is completely free from the yellow
tint.
17. Please do not save any image.
Making pattern - Photoshop lessons - 38
Making pattern is an art in itself. It has to be smooth and seamless. Most of the result
depends upon the area you will be selecting for the pattern. Be very careful while
selecting the area from an image. Patterns can be used for web background as well as you
can use it for various text effects. We will be using the tool provided by Photoshop to
create the pattern though pattern can be created without using this tool also.
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2. Open C: > Program files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > samples > peppers.jpg
3. Select Filter > Pattern Maker
4. This will open big dialogue box which will occupy most of your desktop.
5. By default, the rectangular marquee tool is selected. If not select the rectangular
marquee tool from the top left of the patternmaker.
6. Select the small portion of the green vegetable below pot.
7. Click Generate at the top right of the window.
8. This will generate preview.
9. Now go down where you will find Tile History.
10. Click the left button below the Tile History image which says "Save Preset Pattern"
11. This will open another dialogue box to name the pattern. Name it and say OK.
12. Click Cancel to close the window. Your pattern is created.
13. Let us see how to find this newly created pattern and how to use it.
14. Select File > New
15. Select default Photoshop size and create OK. Please do not forget to keep RGB mode
selected.
16. Select Edit > Fill. Under Contents select Pattern. Click the Custom Pattern fly out
menu. Here you will find your newly created pattern. Select it.
17. Keep Blending mode Normal and Opacity 100 %. Click OK.
18. The file will be filled with the Pattern.
19. Experiment with different selections. Select different portions of an image.
20. Do not fill an image with the pattern. Create separate new file for it.
Liquify - Photoshop lessons - 39
Liquify is command to get distortion effects. It's relatively easy.
>peppers.jpg
3. Select Filter > Liquify
4. This will open big dialogue box which will occupy most of your desktop.
5. By default, the wrap tool is selected. If not select the wrap tool from the top left of
liquify window.
6. Place the cursor in the middle of an image. Press and drag the mouse upwards.
7. This will stretch an image like elastic. Press ctrl+Z to undo.
8. Select the fifth "Pucker Tool"
9. Place the cursor on any vegetable and press the mouse button. Keep it pressed.
10. It shrinks the selected part of an image. Press ctrl+Z to undo.
11. Select next " Bloat Tool"
12. Place the cursor on any vegetable and press the mouse button. Keep it pressed.
13. It grows the selected part of an image. Press ctrl+Z to undo.
14. Press Cancel to close the window.
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Group with previous - Photoshop lessons - 40
Group with previous can be used to group the object on upper layer with the object
below. This simple command produced interesting effects can be exclusively used for
titling. We will try one of such effect in this lesson.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. File > New

3. Take 500 x 500 pixels RGB mode with white background.
4. Select Type Tool, use all CAPS and type "Photo" on the canvas. Take 100 point size.
5. Use thick font to get proper effect. Try Impact font if possible.
6. The color of the font doesn't matter in this tutorial.
7. Open C: > Program files > Adobe > Photoshop 7.0 > samples >peppers.jpg
8. Keep both the canvases open and side by side.
9. Select Move Tool
10. Place the cursor on peppers.jpg and drag the image on Text (Photo) canvas.
11. Using the same Move tool, place the image properly on the text so that the whole text
will be occupied by the image.
12. Select Layers > Group with Previous (Ctrl + G) (cmd + G for mac)
13. This will fit the image into text.
14. You can use move tool to position the image in the text.
15. All the time, during this tutorial just make sure that the image layer is always
selected.
Group with previous Effects 1 - Photoshop lessons - 41
Group with previous command can be used to achieve astonishing effects; especially
different types of titles useful for web designing can be created with this command.

2. Try 40th lesson again and keep the file opened for further instructions.
3. Try to adjust the image in the text if required at this stage, because we are going to
merge it with the text.
4. You will find three layers in the file.
5. a) background layer b) text layer c) image layer
6. Select image layer.
7. Click on the EYE icon at the left side of the background layer in the layer palette to
make it OFF. This will make background layer invisible.
8. Text and the image layers are visible now.
9. Go to the layer fly out menu by clicking on the small triangle situated at the top right
of the layer palette.
10. Click "Merge Visible"
11. Text and the image layers are merged.
12. You can not edit the text any more and you can not even adjust the image.
13. Using History palette you can go back to edit the text or adjust the image in the text
and try the procedure again.
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14. Click on the EYE icon beside the background layer again to make the layer visible.
15. Keep the image layer (text and image merged) selected.
16. You can save this file in PSD format because we are going to use it in the next lesson.
We will try some effects using Group with Previous command and Layer Style option.

2. Try 41st lesson again and keep the file opened for further instructions.
3. Please make sure that the background layer is visible and image layer (text and image
merged) is selected.
4. Layer > Layer Style > Drop Shadow
5. Try to make some changes in the Distance, Spread, Size, Angle etc.
6. Keep the window below the image so that you can simultaneously view the effects of
these changes.
7. Click OK in the Layer Style dialogue box after finishing the settings.
8. You will get nice shadow effect on the canvas below the text.
9. In the initial stage keep the background layer white for proper shadow effect.
10. We will Trim the image to remove unwanted large canvas.
11. Image > Trim
12. Make sure to keep Top, Bottom, and Left, Right checked. ClickOK.
13. Unwanted canvas is removed and the title is ready.
14. You can save this file in PSD format because we are going to use it in the next lesson.
We will try some more effects using the Later Styles.

2. Open the final PSD image from last lesson.
3. Click on the Layer palette. If it is not opened, go to Window> Layers
4. You will notice that below image layer there is an icon of Drop Shadow effect. It's
between Image and Background layer.
5. Double click on Drop Shadow.
6. This will open Layer Style Window.
7. Adjust the image and window in such a way that you can observe the changes
occurring on the image.
8. In the Styles, Drop Shadow is checked and it is selected.
9. Uncheck the Drop Shadow.
10. You will find an image becomes plain without any effect.
11. Check Inner Shadow.
12. Image is applied by the Inner Shadow effect.
13. You can select one effect at a time or you can even select combined effects.
14. Check more options in the styles at a time and observe the effect.
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15. Uncheck all and go back to plain image.
16. Check Bevel & Emboss.
17. Image > Trim
18. Save the image with same PSD format. Just go to File > Save.
Saving an image for Web - Photoshop lessons - 44
Here, we will try to learn the techniques of saving an image for web.
There are two popular formats extensively used for images gif and jpeg. Gif and jpeg
supports 256 & 16 million colors respectively. If you save an image with a single color,
few colors, without gradients or more with line art, the recommended format is gif
whereas jpeg is preferred for photos with lots of colors, tones and shades.
I have used jpeg format for the lesson because of pepper.jpg image is full of colors.

2. Open shadow.psd, the final PSD image from 42nd lesson or any image of your choice.
3. File > Save for Web
4. You will get four options for JPEG i.e. Low, Medium, High, Maximum. You can check
out this under settings box at the top right of the window.
5. Observe minutely at the bottom left where the window displays size of file in KB and
download time in sec for 28.8 kbps modem.
6. Select the Low for JPEG option.
7. The quality will be 10.
8. And the image in the preview will be of poor quality. The download time and the size
will be of the lowest.
9. Change the Low option to Medium. The quality increased to 30 and the size and
download time also increased. Image is also getting better.
10. With the High option the quality is 60 and other values are increased.
11. With the Maximum, every value is reaching to higher extend.
12. It is advisable to check the increase in the quality of the image with every option.
13. It's a matter of experience to decide which option you want to select to save the
image. It's not necessary to go always at High or Maximum option.
14. Once you finished with the settings, click Save and save the image with the name you
desired.
15. This optimized image is ready to upload on the web or to transport through the net.
Saving with Gif! - Photoshop lessons - 45
We have already seen about saving with Jpeg format. Gif is used for line art or the image
with few colors, without gradients.
1. Open Photoshop 7.02. Open main_cartoon.jpg which you will find from the photo
section of
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http://groups.yahoo.com/group/insidegraphicsopen/ else find any cartoon image with just
line art . No smooth color tones.
3. The file size is 51 KB. This you will be saving for Web.
4. File > Save For Web
5. This will open the Save for Web window.
6. Choose JPEG Low setting. It will show 10 quality and 9.553 KB.
7. The image quality is poor as you can make out from the preview.
8. Click Save and name it as cartoon.jpg.
9. Again go to File > Save For Web
10. This time, select Gif, Selective option with 8 colors.
11. This will show the better quality as compare to jpeg with low file size of 6.365 KB.
12. Click Save and name it as cartoon.gif.
13. Open both the files and observe the difference.
14. Also note the difference in file size.
15. I have uploaded both cartoon.jpg and cartoon .gif for your reference in the photos
section of http://groups.yahoo.com/group/insidegraphicsopen/
This shows the type of format you should choose while saving for web depends upon the
type of image. If it is like the image we have taken, full of flat colors with no gradients,
GIF may be the best option.
Please note that the file sizes I have given are related to the specific image I have chosen
i.e. main_cartoon.jpg . With your own images, the file size may be different.
Extract! - Photoshop lessons - 46
The Extract command is useful to remove background and extract the object which can
be placed on another background or can be used for desired purpose.

2. Open Dune.tif from the Photoshop's sample folder
3. Filter > Extract
4. This will open the Extract window.
5. Select "Edge Highlighter Tool" which may be selected by default.
6. Keep brush size small, say 7.
7. Draw the outline around the sand mountain.
8. Select Fill Tool and click on the sand mountain.
9. This will fill the entire mountain with certain colcor. Click OK.
10. The sand mountain is Extracted from the sky background.
Creating Brush! - Photoshop lessons - 47
32
We use brush in Photoshop for lots of purpose. It is essential to know how to create our
own brush. Here is a technique.

2. File > New > Default Photoshop Size
3. Make Black as foreground color.
4. Select Brush Tool from the tool box.
5. Select the size and type of your own choice.
6. Draw a very small design on the canvas. May be a small wave or just a simple curve.
7. Edit > Define Brush
8. Name the brush if you want.
9. The currently created brush is selected.
10. Start using the brush. Paint on the canvas to get an idea of the newly created brush.
11. Use different colors.
Color Range Part - 1 - Photoshop lessons - 48
Photoshop provides variety of selection tools. Color Range is another powerful tool
allows you to select the portion on the basis of colors.

2. File > Open > Peppers.jpg (you will get it in photoshop's "samples" folder)
3. Select > Color Range
4. Color Range window will open. Selection option is selected by default.
5. Select Image option in the window. This will show the previewof the colored image in
a window.
6. Eyedropper Tool is selected by default.
7. Click on the green vegetable. Click OK.
8. The green portion of the similar color in an image is selected.
10. Move the sliders to change the color of the selected portion.Click OK.
11. The color of the selected portion is changed.
12. Press Ctrl + D to deselect the section to check out the color change properly.
13. Observe the change of the color.
Color Range Part - 2 - Photoshop lessons - 49
We have seen the power of Color Range command. Its one of the best selection tools
available in Photoshop. We will go more into the deep of this command in this lesson.
2. File > Open > Peppers.jpg
3. Select > Color Range
4. Color Range window will open. Selection option is selected by default.
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5. Select Image option in the window. This will show the preview of the colored image in
a window.
6. Eyedropper Tool is selected by default.
7. Click on the yellow vegetable. And now select Selection option. The preview Image
will turn into grayscale showing the selected portion white.
8. Fuzziness value is 40 by default. Increase the value to 100 using slider.
9. You will notice that the selection range is increased. Click OK.
10. The yellow portion of the similar color in an image is selected.
12. Move the sliders to change the color of the selected portion. Click OK.
13. The color of the selected portion is changed.
14. Press Ctrl + D to deselect the section to check out the color change properly.
15. Observe the change of the color.
New Adjustment Layer Part - 1 - Photoshop lessons - 50
We will try one of the most popular commands of Photoshop among professionals. New
Adjustment Layer let you change the color, toning and retouching without affecting the
actual image.
3. Keep the Layers palette open. Windows > Layers
4. Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Color Balance
5. Click OK to New Layer box.
6. Color Balance box will open.
7. Make some changes by moving sliders and click OK.
8. You will notice that new layer is formed in the Layers palette.
9. This New layer contains Layer thumbnail and Layer mask thumbnail.
10. Suppose you want to change the appearance of newly edited image, just double click
on Layer thumbnail in the newly created layer.
11. Color Balance box will reopened with the old values which you can edit again.
12. Make the desired changes and click OK.
13. Understand the principle of this command.
14. We have not done anything to the image.
15. The changes can be done on the separate layer without affecting the image.
New Adjustment Layer Part - 2 - Photoshop lessons - 51
We will try more options to practice this amazing command.
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3. Keep the Layers palette open. Windows > Layers
4. Layer > New Adjustment Layer > Curves
5. Click OK to New Layer box.
6. Curves box will open.
7. Make some changes by changing the graph and click OK.
8. You will notice that new layer is formed in the Layers palette.
9. This New layer contains Layer thumbnail and Layer mask thumbnail.
10. Suppose you want to change the appearance of newly edited image, just double click
on Layer thumbnail in the newly created layer.
11. Curves box will reopen with the old graph which you can edit again.
12. Make the desired changes and click OK. Observe the changes carefully.
13. Using History palette, go back to the original image.
14. Try out Levels, Brightness/Contrast and Hue saturation commands separately.
New Define Pattern - Photoshop lessons - 52
We have seen Pattern Maker command. Let us try out making pattern from the scratch
using Define Pattern. With this command we can make our own pattern by drawing and
painting or we can use ready made image.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. File > Open > Peppers.jpg

3. Select Rectangular Marquee tool. And select the desired portion of an image.
4. Please note that if you use any selection tool other than Rectangular Marquee, Define
Pattern becomes gray.
5. Edit > Define Pattern
6. Name the pattern or just click OK with default name.
7. The pattern is created.
8. Let us see how to find this newly created pattern and how to use it.
9. Select File > New
10. Select default Photoshop size and create OK. Please do not forget to keep RGB mode
selected.
11. Select Edit > Fill. Under Contents select Pattern. Click the Custom Pattern fly out
menu. Here you will find your newly created pattern. Select it.
12. Keep Blending mode Normal and Opacity 100 %. Click OK.
13. The file will be filled with the Pattern.
14. Experiment with different selections. Select different portions of an image.
15. Do not fill an image with the pattern. Create separate new file for it.
History Brush! Part 1 - Photoshop lessons - 53
With History brush you can restore portion of an image in the previous state.
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1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. Open Peppers.jpg from the sample files
3. Windows > History to open History palette.
4. Filter > Pixelate > Crystallize
5. The filter is applied to the image.
6. Select History brush in the tool box (fifth from the right column)
7. Please note that History brush icon is displayed at the left side of the top most state in
the History palette.
8. This means if we start using history brush we will paint the original state of an image.
9. Start dragging History brush on the image.

10. You will notice that wherever you drag the brush the image is painted back to the
original state. Please do not save an image.
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Clone Stamp Tool - Photoshop lessons - 72
Let us start with 72nd lesson. Clone stamp tool is used for cloning the source area to the
destination.
1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. Open Peppers.jpg (C:\Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop 7.0

\Samples\Peppers.jpg)
3. Select Clone Stamp Tool. (First column, fifth row in the tool box)
4. Select bigger size of brush from the Options to get proper effect.
5. Place the cursor on the vegetables.
6. Press Alt + Click (left mouse button) to determine the source.
7. Release the mouse button and take the cursor to the plain green area at the top. This is
our destination.
8. Start dragging the cursor on the destination.
9. Source is getting copied at the destination.
10. Source will have cross cursor indicating the particular surface is getting cloned at
destination.
11. Experiment with different sources.
12. Every time you want to determine fresh new source, you have
to press alt + Click(left mouse button).
Feather – Part 3 - Photoshop lessons - 82
Let us begin with 82nd lesson. We will create Vignette using

feather command. Vignette is a picture that gradually fades into background.
1. Open Peppers.jpg 2. Press D to set default Black and white colors as foreground
& Background.
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3. Keep Black as background color.
4. Select Elliptical Marquee Tool and draw circle or ellipse.
5. Select > Feather (keep Feather Radius 9)
6. Select > Inverse
7. Press delete and you get Vignette.
8. Deselect with Ctrl + D
Quick Mask Mode – Part 5 - Photoshop lessons - 91
Let us begin with 91st lesson. We are learning "Quick Mask Mode", an advanced
Photoshop selection technique. Quick Mask Mode can be used for complex selections.
1. Open OldImage.jpeg from C:\Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop 7.0\Samples
2. In this lesson, we will try to select the image properly.
3. Select thick brush. Change into Quick Mask Mode. Make sure that black is foreground
color.
4. Start painting on the coat.
5. You can finish most of the coat with thick brush.
6. When painting on the edges, choose small hard brush.
7. Zoom the image or that particular area.
8. Start painting on the edge.
9. Try different sized of hard and soft brushes.
10. Try small brushes for face and the edge of face.
11. If by mistake the color is spread out of an image, change the foreground to white and
erase the excessive color by painting it with white.
12. When finished change the mode to standard. The image is converted into the
selection.
We will learn Quick Mask Mode in details in the coming lessons.
Blending modes – Part 1- Photoshop lessons - 94
Let us begin with 94th lesson. Blending modes can be used for variety of special effects.
It's a blend of the layers. The mode determines how the pixels of the top layer blend with
the pixels of the layer below.
1. Open Photoshop and open new file with white background.

2. Make sure to keep RGB mode or change the mode by Image > Mode > RGB color.
3. Create new layer. Select Rectangular Marquee Tool. Draw rectangle. Fill it with red
color. Deselect the selection with ctrl + D
4. Create another layer. Draw another rectangle that overlaps some portion of the red
rectangle in the layer below. Fill it with green color. Deselect the selection with ctrl + D
5. Change the modes of the layer with Green rectangle.
6. Note the different result you get with different blending modes.
7. You can even experiment by changing the opacity.
In the coming lessons, we will see the different types of blending modes.
Blending modes - Lighten - Part 8 - Photoshop lessons - 101
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Let us begin with 101st lesson. Lighten mode replace dark color with light pixels in the
blend.
1. Open Photoshop. Create a new file and make a new layer. Keep it selected.
2. Open swatches from Window > Swatches
3. Choose Pure Red as foreground color. (1st col 5th row)
4. Select Rectangular Marquee tool and make rectangle on the new layer.
5. Fill the Pure Red color using Alt + Del. Deselect with Ctrl + D
6. Create another rectangle besides the above rectangle on the same layer and fill it with
Dark red color (1st col 6th row).
7. Make another layer. Keep it selected.
8. Select Rectangular Marquee Tool and draw rectangle on the new layer such that it will
overlap the portion of both of the bottom rectangles.
9. Fill this rectangle with Pure Red color.
10. Deselect with Ctrl + D. Change the layer mode of the top layer to Lighten.
11. Observe the blend of Pure Red and Dark Red rectangles. The overlapped portion is
replaced by Pure Red color.
Blending modes - Linear Dodge - Part 11 - Photoshop lessons - 104
Let us begin with 104th lesson. Linear Dodge mode makes the black color transparent,
white remains solid. Rest of the colors makes the image lighter.
1. Open Photoshop. Create Dune.tif from C:\Program Files\Adobe\Photoshop7.0\Samples
2. Make a new layer. Fill it with 60% gray from Swatches. Change the layer mode to
Color Dodge.
3. You will observe that it brightens the image as we have seen in the previous 102nd
lesson.
4. Now change the layer mode to Linear Dodge.
5. You will notice that this blend mode make the overall image light
Blending modes - Pin Light 2 - Part 18 - Photoshop lessons - 111
Let us begin with 111th lesson. Let us learn the second part of the Pin Light mode.
If the blend color is darker than 50% gray, pixels lighter than the blend color are replaced
and pixels darker than the blend color remain unchanged.
1. Open Photoshop. Open Eagle.psd from C:\Program

Files\Adobe\Photoshop7.0\Samples
2. Make a new layer. Change it to Pin Light Mode.
3. Select the Brush Tool with bigger size say 60.
4. Select 80 % gray from the swatches.
5. Start painting the bird. You will get the reverse result than the previous lesson.
6. You will notice that the light colored feathers on the head are replaced by the blend
color and dark color feather on the lower end remain unchanged.
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Blending modes - Difference 3 - Part 21 - Photoshop lessons - 114
Let us begin with 114th lesson. We are studying "Difference mode" in parts. Let us go
into more details.
1. Open Photoshop.
2. Open Dune.tif from sample folder.
3. Make a duplicate of this layer by dragging it on "Create a new layer" button at the
bottom of the layer palette.
4. Change the new (Top) layer to Difference Mode.
5. You will get Black color as a result.
6. Please understand the concept carefully.
7. The base image and the layer image are same.
8. It means the same numbers are subtracted from each other resulting RGB values as 0,
0. 0 which represents Black.
Blending modes - Luminosity - Part 28 - Photoshop lessons - 121
Let us begin with 121th lesson. Luminosity mode takes hue and saturation from the base
layer and Brightness from the blend layer to give the result. Let us understand this
carefully.
1. Open Photoshop 2. Open Dune.tif from the samples folder of Adobe folder.
3. Create New layer.
4. Fill it with light red color. (1st col 4th row in the swatches)
5. Change the blending mode of the new layer to "Luminosity"
6. The image has taken the brightness of the blend color making it bit darker and even
vanishing the bright areas of the base layer.
7. Now fill the same layer with red color. You will get more dark image.
8. This time fill the same layer with dark red color. You will get darker image.
9. You will get more dark version if you use darker red.
This proves that the mode takes brightness of the blend layer.
Character Palette - Kerning – Part 3 - Photoshop lessons - 124

Let us begin with 124th lesson. Kerning is editing the distance between the pair of the
characters.
1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New. Create a new file with white background.
3. Open Character Palette by clicking Windows > Character.
4. Select any color for foreground.
5. Select Text Tool and type Photoshop. Change the font size to 48 to see the effect
prominently.
6. Select the pair of the characters say "ho" and place the text tool cursor between "h" and
"o".
7. Click the drop down menu of "Set the kerning between two characters" and select 200.
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8. Please note that the distance between "h" and "o" is increased but the distance between
other characters remains same.
9. Try to experiment with different numbers for kerning.
Paragraph Palette – Indentation – Part 4 - Photoshop lessons - 131
Let us begin with 131th lesson. Paragraph palette is used for the alignment and
formatting the paragraphs. In this lesson we will learn Indentation for the first line in the
paragraph.
1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New. Create a new file with white background.
3. Open Character Palette by clicking Windows > Paragraph.
4. Select any color for foreground.
5. Select Text Tool and click to the upper left of the file and drag it to the down right.
Keep the size 12 to accommodate more text in the less space.
6. Either type 3-4 lines or copy the text from somewhere and paste it. We need 3-4 lines.
7. Note that the alignment is set to the left by default.
8. Select the paragraph and input 20 in the box "Indent left margin", the whole paragraph
will shift for 20 points from the left edge.
9. Keep the paragraph selected and input 50 in the box "Indent right margin", the whole
paragraph will shift for 50 points from the right edge.
10. Keep the paragraph selected and input 30 in the box "Indent first line", the first line of
the paragraph will shift for 30 points from the left edge.
Masking – Part 2 - Photoshop lessons - 134
Let us begin with 134th lesson. Let us see how masking can be used for hiding the part of
the image.
1. Open Photoshop. 2. Open Peppers.jpg from the sample folder of Adobe directory.
3. Double click and rename the layer to unlock it.
4. Using Elliptical Marquee tool, select the middle portion of an image.
5. We are going to hide the selected portion.
6. Layer > Add Layer Mask > Hide Selection.
7. The portion selected by the Elliptical Marquee tool is hidden by the mask and rest of
the portion of the image is revealed.
Eyedropper Tool – Part 1 - Photoshop lessons - 150

Let us begin with 150th lesson. We will use Eyedropper Tool to select foreground and
background color from the image.
3. Double click on Zoon tool or click "Actual Pixels" tab on the option bar to get 100% of
the image display.
4. Select "Eyedropper Tool" from the tool box.
5. Click on the image to determine foreground color.
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6. Wherever you click, that particular image color is selected as a foreground color.
7. To decide background color, press ALT and click anywhere on the image. That
particular color will be selected as a background color.
Grid – Part 2 - Photoshop lessons - 140
Let us begin with 140th lesson. We will learn to change the color and the type of grid in
this lesson.
3. View > Show > Grid
4. Grids will display on the image.
5. Edit > Preferences > Guides, Grids & Slices
6. Go to Grid Colors and change it to Light Blue.
7. Change Style to Line.
8. Keep Guideline Every 0.1 inches
9. Subdivision 1. Click Ok.
10. You will find light blue graph like lines on the image.
11. Now go to Edit > Preferences > Guides, Grids & Slices again.
12. Change the color to Light Red
13. Change Style to Dashed Line. Click Ok.
14. You will get light red dashed lines on the image.
Rulers – Part 1 - Photoshop lessons – 143
Let us begin with 143rd lesson. Rulers are for precision. We will see how we can position
the zero of the ruler.
1. Open Photoshop.
2. Open Peppers.jpg from the sample folder of Adobe directory.
3. If the rulers are not visible, View > Rulers. You can hide the rule by again going back
and uncheck the rulers from view menu.
4. Rulers will display on the top and the left of the desktop.
5. You may find initially the zero of both top and left ruler is coinciding to the top left
corner of the image.
6. Make a note that there is small cross cursor at the intersection point of the both rulers.
7. Now drag that small cursor on the image using mouse. Bring it anywhere in the image
and release the mouse button.
8. You will get cross hair cursor while dragging that small cursor on the image.
9. Once you release the mouse button you will find the zero on top and left ruler is now
coinciding to the new position which is the point where you release the mouse button.
Cutout – Filters – Part 1- Photoshop lessons - 153
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Let us begin with the introduction of some filters. Filters can be defined as a facility
provided by Photoshop to apply special effects on the image. Filters, if used carefully can
create wonders. We will start with Cutout filter.
Cutout filter gives you the effect as if the image is made up of roughly cut out colored
papers.
3. Filter > Artistic > Cutout
4. Try following readings.
5. No. of Levels: 8, Edge Simplicity: 4, Edge Fidelity: 2
6. Click Ok. Cutout applied on the image gives the effect of image made from cutout
colored papers.
7. You can experiment using different values. Please do not save an image.
Dry Brush – Filters – Part 2- Photoshop lessons - 154
Dry Brush filter reduce the range of colors to common areas. According to me it reduce
the number of colors that includes in a smooth tone and keeps the common color giving
peculiar effect.
3. Filter > Artistic > Dry Brush
5. Brush Size: 3, Brush Detail: 1, Texture: 2
6. Click Ok. Dry Brush applied on the image gives the effect of by reducing smooth
toned colors to the common colors.
Film Grain – Filters – Part 3 - Photoshop lessons - 155
Film Grain gives interesting grain texture to an image. You need to be careful while
applying the amount of the gains.
3. Filter > Artistic > Film grain
5. Grain: 4, Highlight Area: 3, Intensity: 5
6. Click Ok. Film Grain applied on the image with the minute grained texture.
Paint Daubs – Filters – Part 4 - Photoshop lessons - 156
Paint Daubs converts the image as if its painted by the brush.
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5. Brush Size: 5, Sharpness: 7, Brush Type: Simple
6. Click Ok. The image is converted into painting like effect.
7. You can experiment using different values. Please do not save
an image.
Palette Knife – Filters – Part 5 - Photoshop lessons - 157
Palette Knife creates the rough edges.
3. Filter > Artistic > Palette Knife
5. Stroke Size: 4, Stroke Detail: 2, Softness: 1
6. Click Ok. You will notice the smooth edges turned into rough edges.
Plastic Wrap – Filters – Part 6 - Photoshop lessons – 158
Poster Edges reduced the number of shades and thus posterize the image along with, it
add dark line around the edges.
1. Open Photoshop.
3. Filter > Artistic > Poster Edges
5. Edge Thickness: 2, Edge Intensity: 1, Posterization: 2
6. Click Ok. The image get converted to poster type effect with dark line around the
edges.
an image.
Plastic Wrap – Filters – Part 6 - Photoshop lessons - 158
Plastic Wrap is relatively simple filter to understand. It gives the

effect as if the image is covered with plastic sheet.
3. Filter > Artistic > Plastic Wrap
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5. Highlight Strength: 15, Detail: 9, Smoothness: 7
6. Click Ok. The image get covered with plastic sheet.
an image.
Palette Knife – Filters – Part 5 - Photoshop lessons - 157
Palette Knife creates the rough edges.

1. Open Photoshop.
3. Filter > Artistic > Palette Knife
5. Stroke Size: 4, Stroke Detail: 2, Softness: 1

6. Click Ok. You will notice the smooth edges turned into rough edges.
Paint Daubs – Filters – Part 4 - Photoshop lessons - 156
Paint Daubs converts the image as if its painted by the brush.
5. Brush Size: 5, Sharpness: 7, Brush Type: Simple
6. Click Ok. The image is converted into painting like effect.
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Magic Wand Tool - Photoshop lesson 1

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

Polygonal Lasso - Photoshop lesson 2

Lasso Tool - Photoshop lesson 3

In this we will study the Lasso Tool.

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New

Marquee tool - Photoshop lesson 4

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New

Navigation - Photoshop lesson 5

1. Zoom Tool & 2. Hand Tool

Colors and Swatches - Photoshop lesson 6

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New

Gradient Tool - Photoshop lesson 7

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New

Blur Tool - Photoshop lesson 8

Blur Tool is used to soften the sharp portion of an image.

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

Smudge Tool - Photoshop lesson 10

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

Dodge Tool - Photoshop lesson 11

Dodge Tool is used to lighten the dark area in an image.

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

Burn Tool - Photoshop lesson 12

1. Open Photoshop 2. File > Open

Sponge Tool - Photoshop lesson 13

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

The concept of Photo Retouching - Photoshop lesson 14

What is Photo Retouching? In simple words, photo retouching is manipulation of the

Undo and History palette - Photoshop lesson 15

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > New

Basic terms - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 16

Basic terms - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 17

Resolution - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 18

Resolution - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 19

Selection - Part 1 - Photoshop lesson 20

Selection - Part 2 - Photoshop lesson 21

We will see some more advanced features of selection techniques.

1. Open Photoshop. 2. File > Open

Levels - Photoshop lesson 22

Auto Levels - Photoshop lesson 23

Auto Contrast - Photoshop lesson 24

Auto Color - Photoshop lesson 25

Auto color again adjusts the contrast.

1. Open Photoshop 7.0 2. File > Open

Curves - Photoshop lesson 26

Color Balance - Photoshop lesson 27

Brightness / Contrast - Photoshop lesson 28

Hue / Saturation - Photoshop lesson 29

1. Open Photoshop 7.0

Desaturate - Photoshop lesson 30

1. Open Photoshop 7.0