IMPORTANT IRREGULAR VERBS FOR LTB STUDENTS

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1 Starter (7e) 2 Elementary (8e) 3 Pre-Intermediate (9e) 4 Intermediate (10e) 5 Intermediate (11e) 6 Upper-Intermediate (12e-13e)

Base form Past Simple Past Participle German French Definition (non-exhaustive)
no change no change
5 bet /e/ bet bet wetten parier risk sth, e.g. money, on the basis of the future
5 bid /ɪ/ bade /eɪ/ bid / bidden bieten inviter, ordonner, placer une enchère 1: offer a certain price 2: command s-o to do sth
broadcast /‘ɔ:,α:/ broadcast broadcast übertragen diffuser, émettre transmit by radio or television
4 burst /$:/ burst burst bersten éclater break open or apart suddenly and violently
cast /α:/ cast cast gießen, werfen lancer, jeter, couler du métal 1: throw 2: shape by pouring
2 cost /ɔ/ cost cost kosten coûter require the payment of money
2 cut /ʌ/ cut cut schneiden couper 1: make an incision 2: divide into pieces
forecast /‘ɔ:,α:/ forecast forecast vorhersagen prévoir predict or estimate a future event or trend
2 hit /ɪ/ hit hit schlagen, treffen frapper bring into contact with s-o or sth forcefully; strike
2 hurt /$:/ hurt hurt verletzen blesser cause physical pain or injury to
3 let /e/ let let lassen laisser, permettre 1: allow 2: give a room to s-o in return for payment
2 put /u/ put put setzen, stellen mettre, poser move or place in a particular position
5 quit /ɪ/ quit quit verlassen abandonner, démissioner, partir leave (a place), usually permanently
2 read /i:/ read /e/ read /e/ lesen lire look at and comprehend the meaning of sth written
rid /ɪ/ rid rid loswerden débarrasser make s-o or sth free of a troublesome person or thing
4 set /e/ set set auf/einstellen placer, poser, mettre put, lay or stand; put or bring into a specified state; adjust
shed /e/ shed shed abwerfen verser, perdre allow to fall to the ground
3 shut /ʌ/ shut shut schließen fermer move something into position so that it blocks an opening
5 split /ɪ/ split split spalten, teilen (se) fendre, (se diviser) 1: break 2: divide into groups
6 spread /e/ spread spread ausbreiten étendre, étaler open out something so as to extend its surface area
5 thrust /ʌ/ thrust thrust stoßen pousser violemment push sth or s-o violently in the specified direction
5 upset /e/ upset upset ärgern déranger, vexer make s-o unhappy
wet /e/ wet wet befeuchten mouiller cover or touch with liquid
e, vowel ! o ends with en
4 awake /eɪ/ awoke /ou/ awoken /ou/ erwecken se réveiller stop sleeping
2 break /eɪ/ broke /ou/ broken /ou/ brechen casser separate into pieces as a result of a blow
2 choose /uːz/ chose /ou/ chosen /ou/ wählen choisir pick out or select
5 freeze /iː/ froze /ou/ frozen /ou/ frieren geler 1: be turned into ice 2: store at a very low temperature
2 speak /iː/ spoke /ou/ spoken /ou/ sprechen parler say something in order to convey information
2 steal /iː/ stole /ou/ stolen /ou/ stehlen dérober, voler take without permission
2 wake /eɪ/ woke /ou/ woken /ou/ wecken (se) réveiller (cause to) emerge from a state of sleep
i!o ends with en
2 drive /aɪ/ drove /ou/ driven /ɪ/ fahren conduire operate and control the direction and speed of a vehicle
2 ride /aɪ/ rode /ou/ ridden /ɪ/ reiten monter (à vélo,…) sit on and control the movement of (an animal)
5 rise /aɪ/ rose /ou/ risen /ɪ/ aufsteigen se lever, s’élever, se lever (soleil) move from a lower position to a higher one
stride /aɪ/ strode /ou/ stridden /ɪ/ schreiten marcher à grands pas walk with long, decisive steps
2 write /aɪ/ wrote /ou/ written /ɪ/ schreiben écrire mark (letters, words, …) on a surface
 a ! oo ends with en
2 take /eɪ/ took /ʊ/ taken /eɪ/ nehmen prendre lay hold of sth with one’s hands
3 mistake /eɪ/ mistook /ʊ/ mistaken /eɪ/ missverstehen se tromper be wrong about
3 overtake /eɪ/ overtook /ʊ/ overtaken /eɪ/ überholen dépasser pass while traveling in the same direction
3 undertake /eɪ/ undertook /ʊ/ undertaken /eɪ/ unternehmen entreprendre begin an enterprise
4 shake /eɪ/ shook /ʊ/ shaken /eɪ/ schütteln secouer, trembler 1: tremble 2: move up and down
vowel changes ends with en
5 forbid /ɪ/ forbad(e) /eɪ/ forbidden /ɪ/ verbieten interdire refuse to allow
2 eat /iː/ ate /eɪ/ eaten /iː/ essen manger put (food) into the mouth and chew and swallow it
2 fall /ɔː/ fell /e/ fallen /ɔː/ fallen tomber move downward rapidly, freely and without control
2 forget /e/ forgot /ɒ/ forgotten /ɒ/ vergessen oublier fail to remember
2 give /ɪ/ gave /eɪ/ given /ɪ/ geben donner hand over to
4 forgive /ɪ/ forgave /eɪ/ forgiven /ɪ/ vergeben pardonner stop feeling angry or resentful toward (s-o) for an offense
4 bite /aɪ/ bit /ɪ/ bitten /ɪ/ beißen mordre use the teeth to cut into something (in order to eat it)
4 hide /aɪ/ hid /ɪ/ hidden /ɪ/ verstecken (se) cacher put or keep out of sight
5 prove /uː/ proved proven (ed) beweisen démontrer, prouver demonstrate the truth or existence of something
tread trod trodden treten marcher to walk somewhere
weave wove woven weben tisser, traisser to make cloth, a carpet, a basket, etc.
t or ed t or ed
5 burn /ɜː/ burnt (ed) burnt (ed) verbrennen brûler be or cause to be consumed or destroyed by fire
3 dream /iː/ dreamt /e/ (ed) dreamt /e/ (ed) träumen rêver experience dreams (during sleep)
dwell /e/ dwelt /e/ (ed) dwelt /e/ (ed) (ver)weilen, wohnen habiter, demeurer to live somewhere
5 kneel /iː/ knelt /e/ (ed) knelt /e/ (ed) knien s’agenouiller assume a position in which the body rests on a knee
lean /i:/ leant /e/ (ed) leant /e/ (ed) (s’)appuier, pencher to bend or move from a vertical position
5 leap /iː/ leapt /e/ (ed) leapt /e/ (ed) hervorspringen sauter, bondir jump or spring a long way
3 learn /ɜː/ learnt /ɜː/ (ed) learnt /ɜː/ (ed) lernen apprendre gain or acquire knowledge or skill
5 smell /e/ smelt (lled) smelt (lled) riechen sentir (une odeur) detect the odour or scent of sth
5 spell /e/ spelt (lled) spelt (lled) buchstabieren épeler name the letters that form a word
5 spill /ɪ/ spilt /ɪ/ (lled) spilt /ɪ/ (lled) verschütten renverser (se répandre) cause liquid to flow over the edges of its container
d!t d→t
5 bend /e/ bent bent biegen plier, courber shape into a curve or angle
2 build /ɪ/ built built bauen construire construct
2 lend /e/ lent lent ausleihen prêter temporarily allow s-o the use of sth
2 send /e/ sent sent senden envoyer cause to go to a particular destination
2 spend /e/ spent spent ausgeben dépenser, passer pay out (money) in buying or hiring goods or services
ends in t ends in t
5 deal /iː/ dealt /e/ dealt /e/ handeln s’occuper (de), traiter 1: take part in commercial trading 2: distribute (cards)
2 feel /iː/ felt /e/ felt /e/ fühlen (res)sentir 1: notice through touching or being touched 2: experience
4 mean /iː/ meant /e/ meant /e/ bedeuten vouloir dire, signifier refer to, signify
2 leave /iː/ left /e/ left /e/ verlassen partir, laisser go away from
5 spoil /ɔɪ/ spoilt /ɔɪ/ spoilt /ɔɪ/ verderben gâcher, gâter 1: destroy the quality of 2: harm the character (of a child)
 eep ! ept eep → ept
creep /iː/ crept /e/ crept /e/ schleichen ramper move slowly and carefully
2 keep /iː/ kept /e/ kept /e/ behalten garder retain possession of
2 sleep /iː/ slept /e/ slept /e/ schlafen dormir be asleep
5 sweep swept swept kehren balayer to clean a room, surface, etc
weep wept wep weinen pleurer to cry, usually because you are sad
aught aught
2 catch /æ/ caught /ɔː/ caught /ɔː/ fangen attrapper intercept and hold, capture
2 teach /iː/ taught /ɔː/ taught /ɔː/ lehren enseigner show or explain to s-o how to do sth
ought ought
2 bring /ɪ/ brought /ɔː/ brought /ɔː/ bringen apporter come to a place with s-o or sth
2 buy /aɪ/ bought /ɔː/ bought /ɔː/ kaufen acheter obtain in exchange for payment
2 fight /aɪ/ fought /ɔː/ fought /ɔː/ kämpfen se battre, combattre take part in a violent struggle
5 seek /iː/ sought /ɔː/ sought /ɔː/ suchen chercher attempt to find
2 think /ɪ/ thought /ɔː/ thought /ɔː/ denken penser 1: have a particular opinion 2: use one’s mind actively
ends in d ends with d
2 hear /ɪ$/ heard /ɜː/ heard /ɜː/ hören entendre perceive with the ear
3 overhear /ɪ$/ overheard /ɜː/ overheard /ɜː/ zufällig hören surprendre (une conversation) hear without meaning to
5 slide /aɪ/ slid /ɪ/ slid /ɪ/ rutschen glisser move along a smooth surface
2 have /æ/ or /$/ had had haben avoir possess, own
ea ! e ea → e
5 lead /iː/ led /e/ led /e/ leiten mener 1: cause s-o to go with one 2: be in command of
5 mislead /iː/ misled /e/ misled /e/ irreführen tromper cause s-o to have a wrong idea about s-o or sth
ay ! aid ay → aid
5 lay /eɪ/ laid laid legen étendre, mettre put down,esp. gently or carefully
2 pay /eɪ/ paid paid bezahlen payer give s-o money that is due
2 say /eɪ/ said /e/ said /e/ sagen dire utter words so as to convey information
ell ! old ell → old
2 sell /e/ sold /$ʊ/ sold /$ʊ/ verkaufen vendre give or hand over in exchange for money
2 tell /e/ told /$ʊ/ told /$ʊ/ erzählen raconter communicate information to s-o in words
o→a no change
2 become /ʌ/ became /eɪ/ become /ʌ/ werden devenir begin to be
2 come /ʌ/ came /eɪ/ come /ʌ/ kommen venir move or travel into a place near or familiar to the speaker
and ! ood and → ood
2 stand /æ/ stood /ʊ/ stood /ʊ/ stehen être debout maintain an upright position
2 understand /æ/ understood /ʊ/ understood /ʊ/ verstehen comprendre perceive the indended meaning of
3 misunderstand /æ/ misunderstood /ʊ/ misunderstood /ʊ/ missverstehen mal comprendre fail to interpret or understand correctly
i ! ou i → ou
5 bind /aɪ/ bound /aʊ/ bound /aʊ/ (fest)binden attacher, lier tie or fasten sth tightly
2 find /aɪ/ found /aʊ/ found /aʊ/ finden trouver discover by chance or unexpectedly
6 grind /aɪ/ ground /aʊ/ ground /aʊ/ mahlen moudre reduce sth to small particles by crushing it
wind /aɪ/ wound /aʊ/ wound /aʊ/ aufwickeln enrouler move in or take a twisting or spiral course
 o!e o→e
2 hold /$ʊ/ held /e/ held /e/ halten tenir grasp, carry or support with one’s arms or hands
3 withhold /$ʊ/ withheld /e/ withheld /e/ zurückhalten retenir, refuser de refuse to give
ee ! e ee → e
5 bleed /iː/ bled /e/ bled /e/ bluten saigner lose blood
6 breed /iː/ bred /e/ bred /e/ brüten élever, se reproduire (cause an animal to) mate and then produce offspring
4 feed /iː/ fed /e/ fed /e/ füttern nourrir give food to
3 flee /iː/ fled /e/ fled /e/ fliehen s’enfuir run away from a place or situation of danger
2 meet /iː/ met /e/ met /e/ treffen rencontrer come into the presence of (s-o)
aw ! ew aw → awn
2 draw /ɔː/ drew /ʊː/ drawn /ɔː/ ziehen tirer, dessiner produce a picture or diagram by making lines and marks
ear ! ore ear → orn
5 swear /e$/ swore /ɔː/ sworn /ɔː/ schwören jurer 1: make a solemn promise 2: use offensive language
5 tear /e$/ tore /ɔː/ torn /ɔː/ zerreißen (se) déchirer pull or rip sth apart or to pieces with force
2 wear /e$/ wore /ɔː/ worn /ɔː/ tragen porter (vêtements) have on one’s body as clothing, decoration, protection, …
ow ! ew ends with n
4 blow /$ʊ/ blew /ʊː/ blown /$ʊ/ blasen souffler 1: [of wind] move creating an air current 2: expel air
2 grow /$ʊ/ grew /ʊː/ grown /$ʊ/ wachsen grandir, cultiver increase in size
2 know /$ʊ/ knew /ʊː/ known /$ʊ/ kennen savoir be aware of through observation or inquiry
3 throw /$ʊ/ threw /ʊː/ thrown /$ʊ/ werfen lancer propel with force through the air
ew and ow ewn & own
2 fly /aɪ/ flew /ʊː/ flown /$ʊ/ fliegen voler (dans l’air) move through the air under control
sew /ʊː/ sewed /ʊː/ sewn /ʊː/ nähen coudre join, fasten or repair sth by making stitches with a needle
4 show /$ʊ/ showed /$ʊ/ shown /$ʊ/ (ed) zeigen montrer be or cause to be visible
mow /$ʊ/ mowed /$ʊ/ mown /$ʊ/ (ed) mähen tondre cut down an area of grass with a machine
o → id o → one
2 do /ʊː/ did /ɪ/ done /ʌ/ machen, tun faire perform
3 redo /ʊː/ redid /ɪ/ redone /ʌ/ wieder tun refaire do sth again or differently
3 outdo /ʊː/ outdid /ɪ/ outdone /ʌ/ übertreffen surpasser be more successful than
ee ! aw ee → een
2 see /iː/ saw /ɔː/ seen /iː/ sehen voir perceive with the eyes
3 oversee /iː/ oversaw /ɔː/ overseen /iː/ beaufsichtigen superviser supervise
i→a i→u
2 begin /ɪ/ began /æ/ begun /ʌ/ beginnen commencer start
2 drink /ɪ/ drank /æ/ drunk /ʌ/ trinken boire take a liquid into the mouth and swallow
2 ring /ɪ/ rang /æ/ rung /ʌ/ anrufen, läuten sonner, téléphoner 1: call by telephone 2: make a clear resonant sound
5 shrink /ɪ/ shrank /æ/ shrunk /ʌ/ schrumpfen rétrécir, reculer devant become smaller in amount or size
2 sing /ɪ/ sang /æ/ sung /ʌ/ singen chanter make musical sounds with the voice
4 sink /ɪ/ sank /æ/ sunk /ʌ/ sinken couler, sombrer go down below the surface of sth, become submerged
6 spring /ɪ/ sprang /æ/ sprung /ʌ/ springen bondir move or jump suddenly upward or forward
5 stink /ɪ/ stank /æ/ stunk /ʌ/ stinken puer have a strong unpleasant smell
2 swim /ɪ/ swam /æ/ swum /ʌ/ schwimmen nager move the body through water
 u→a no change
2 run /ʌ/ ran /æ/ run /ʌ/ rennen courir move at a speed faster than a walk
3 overrun /ʌ/ overran /æ/ overrun /ʌ/ überlaufen envahir, infester spread over or occupy (a place) in large numbers
i→u i→u
5 cling /ɪ/ clung /ʌ/ clung /ʌ/ klammern s’accrocher, coller (à) hold on tightly to
5 spin /ɪ/ spun /ʌ/ spun /ʌ/ spinnen tourner vite, tisser (une toile) 1: (cause to) turn around quickly 2: draw out (wool, …)
5 dig /ɪ/ dug /ʌ/ dug /ʌ/ graben creuser, fouiller break up and move earth
5 fling /ɪ/ flung /ʌ/ flung /ʌ/ schmeißen jeter, lancer throw or hurl forcefully
4 hang /æ/ hung /ʌ/ hung /ʌ/ aufhängen accrocher, pendre suspend or be suspended from above
4 hang /æ/ hanged hanged erhängen pendre au gibet kill by tying a rope attached from above around the neck
5 stick /ɪ/ stuck /ʌ/ stuck /ʌ/ stechen, kleben coller 1: push a sharp object into sth 2: cling to a surface
4 sting /ɪ/ stung /ʌ/ stung /ʌ/ stechen piquer, brûler wound or pierce with a sting
5 strike struck /ʌ/ struck /ʌ/ (ab)schlagen frapper hit forcibly and deliberately
4 swing /ɪ/ swung /ʌ/ swung /ʌ/ schwingen (se) balancer (cause to) move back and forth while suspended
wring wrung wrung wringen tordre, essorer
vowel changes vowel changes
2 get /e/ got /ɒ/ got /ɒ/ bekommen obtenir, devenir come to have or hold
2 shine /aɪ/ shone /aɪ/ shone /aɪ/ scheinen briller give out a bright light
2 sit /ɪ/ sat /æ/ sat /æ/ sitzen être assis be in a pos. in which one is supported by the buttocks
5 spit /ɪ/ spat /æ/ spat /æ/ spucken cracher eject saliva forcefully from one’s mouth
2 win /ɪ/ won /ɒ/ won /ɒ/ gewinnen gagner be successful in a contest or conflict
one of a kind one of a kind
4 beat /i:/ beat /i:/ beaten /i:/ schlagen, hämmern battre 1: hit very hard, 2: defeat
2 lose /ʊː/ lost /ɒ/ lost /ɒ/ verlieren perdre 1: cease to have, become unable to find 2: fail to win
3 lie /aɪ/ (move) lay /eɪ/ lain /eɪ/ liegen être allongé, s’allonger, être be in or assume a horizontal position
couché, se coucher
lie /aɪ/ (talk) lied lied lügen mentir to say or write something that you know is not true
6 slay /eɪ/ slew /ʊː/ / slayed slain /eɪ/ erschlagen tuer kill in a violent way
2 be /iː/ was, were been /iː/ sein être exist, occur, take place
2 can /æ/ could /ʊ/ been able /eɪ/ können pouvoir 1: be able to 2: be permitted to
5 light /aɪ/ lit /ɪ/ lit /ɪ/ anzünden allumer 1: illuminate 2: make sth start burning, ignite
3 shoot /ʊː/ shot /ɒ/ shot /ɒ/ schießen tirer 1: kill with a bullet 2: throw a ball 3: take a photograph
2 make /eɪ/ made /eɪ/ made /eɪ/ machen faire, fabriquer form, construct, create, cause to exist
2 go /$ʊ/ went /e/ gone /ɒ/ gehen aller move, travel, walk
swell swelled swollen (swelled) schwellen gonfler, enfler to become bigger or rounder
awake /eɪ/ awoke /ou/ awoken /ou/ find /aɪ/ found /aʊ/ found /aʊ/ misunderstand /æ/ misunderstood /ʊ/ misunderstood /ʊ/ spill /ɪ/ spilt /ɪ/ (lled) spilt /ɪ/ (lled)
be /iː/ was, were been /iː/ flee /iː/ fled /e/ fled /e/ mow /$ʊ/ mowed /$ʊ/ mown /$ʊ/ (ed) spin /ɪ/ spun /ʌ/ spun /ʌ/
beat /i:/ beat /i:/ beaten /i:/ fling /ɪ/ flung /ʌ/ flung /ʌ/ outdo /ʊː/ outdid /ɪ/ outdone /ʌ/ spit /ɪ/ spat /æ/ spat /æ/
become /ʌ/ became /eɪ/ become /ʌ/ fly /aɪ/ flew /ʊː/ flown /$ʊ/ overhear /ɪ$/ overheard /ɜː/ overheard /ɜː/ split /ɪ/ split split
begin /ɪ/ began /æ/ begun /ʌ/ forbid /ɪ/ forbad(e) /eɪ/ forbidden /ɪ/ overrun /ʌ/ overran /æ/ overrun /ʌ/ spoil /ɔɪ/ spoilt /ɔɪ/ spoilt /ɔɪ/
bend /e/ bent bent forecast /‘ɔ:,α:/ forecast forecast oversee /iː/ oversaw /ɔː/ overseen /iː/ spread /e/ spread spread
bet /e/ bet bet forget /e/ forgot /ɒ/ forgotten /ɒ/ overtake /eɪ/ overtook /ʊ/ overtaken /eɪ/ spring /ɪ/ sprang /æ/ sprung /ʌ/
bid /ɪ/ bade /eɪ/ bid / bidden forgive /ɪ/ forgave /eɪ/ forgiven /ɪ/ pay /eɪ/ paid paid stand /æ/ stood /ʊ/ stood /ʊ/
bind /aɪ/ bound /aʊ/ bound /aʊ/ freeze /iː/ froze /ou/ frozen /ou/ prove /uː/ proved proven (ed) steal /iː/ stole /ou/ stolen /ou/
bite /aɪ/ bit /ɪ/ bitten /ɪ/ get /e/ got /ɒ/ got /ɒ/ put /u/ put put stick /ɪ/ stuck /ʌ/ stuck /ʌ/
bleed /iː/ bled /e/ bled /e/ give /ɪ/ gave /eɪ/ given /ɪ/ quit /ɪ/ quit quit sting /ɪ/ stung /ʌ/ stung /ʌ/
blow /$ʊ/ blew /ʊː/ blown /$ʊ/ go /$ʊ/ went /e/ gone /ɒ/ read /i:/ read /e/ read /e/ stink /ɪ/ stank /æ/ stunk /ʌ/
break /eɪ/ broke /ou/ broken /ou/ grind /aɪ/ ground /aʊ/ ground /aʊ/ redo /ʊː/ redid /ɪ/ redone /ʌ/ stride /aɪ/ strode /ou/ stridden /ɪ/
breed /iː/ bred /e/ bred /e/ grow /$ʊ/ grew /ʊː/ grown /$ʊ/ rid /ɪ/ rid rid strike struck /ʌ/ struck /ʌ/
bring /ɪ/ brought /ɔː/ brought /ɔː/ hang /æ/ hung /ʌ/ hung /ʌ/ ride /aɪ/ rode /ou/ ridden /ɪ/ swear /e$/ swore /ɔː/ sworn /ɔː/
broadcast /‘ɔ:,α:/ broadcast broadcast hang /æ/ hanged hanged ring /ɪ/ rang /æ/ rung /ʌ/ sweep swept swept
build /ɪ/ built built have /æ/ or /$/ had had rise /aɪ/ rose /ou/ risen /ɪ/ swell swelled swollen (swelled)
burn /ɜː/ burnt (ed) burnt (ed) hear /ɪ$/ heard /ɜː/ heard /ɜː/ run /ʌ/ ran /æ/ run /ʌ/ swim /ɪ/ swam /æ/ swum /ʌ/
burst /$:/ burst burst hide /aɪ/ hid /ɪ/ hidden /ɪ/ say /eɪ/ said /e/ said /e/ swing /ɪ/ swung /ʌ/ swung /ʌ/
buy /aɪ/ bought /ɔː/ bought /ɔː/ hit /ɪ/ hit hit see /iː/ saw /ɔː/ seen /iː/ take /eɪ/ took /ʊ/ taken /eɪ/
can /æ/ could /ʊ/ been able /eɪ/ hold /$ʊ/ held /e/ held /e/ seek /iː/ sought /ɔː/ sought /ɔː/ teach /iː/ taught /ɔː/ taught /ɔː/
cast /α:/ cast cast hurt /$:/ hurt hurt sell /e/ sold /$ʊ/ sold /$ʊ/ tear /e$/ tore /ɔː/ torn /ɔː/
catch /æ/ caught /ɔː/ caught /ɔː/ keep /iː/ kept /e/ kept /e/ send /e/ sent sent tell /e/ told /$ʊ/ told /$ʊ/
choose /uːz/ chose /ou/ chosen /ou/ kneel /iː/ knelt /e/ (ed) knelt /e/ (ed) set /e/ set set think /ɪ/ thought /ɔː/ thought /ɔː/
cling /ɪ/ clung /ʌ/ clung /ʌ/ know /$ʊ/ knew /ʊː/ known /$ʊ/ sew /ʊː/ sewed /ʊː/ sewn /ʊː/ throw /$ʊ/ threw /ʊː/ thrown /$ʊ/
come /ʌ/ came /eɪ/ come /ʌ/ lay /eɪ/ laid laid shake /eɪ/ shook /ʊ/ shaken /eɪ/ thrust /ʌ/ thrust thrust
cost /ɔ/ cost cost lead /iː/ led /e/ led /e/ shed /e/ shed shed tread trod trodden
creep /iː/ crept /e/ crept /e/ lean /i:/ leant /e/ (ed) leant /e/ (ed) shine /aɪ/ shone /aɪ/ shone /aɪ/ understand /æ/ understood /ʊ/ understood /ʊ/
cut /ʌ/ cut cut leap /iː/ leapt /e/ (ed) leapt /e/ (ed) shoot /ʊː/ shot /ɒ/ shot /ɒ/ undertake /eɪ/ undertook /ʊ/ undertaken /eɪ/
deal /iː/ dealt /e/ dealt /e/ learn /ɜː/ learnt /ɜː/ (ed) learnt /ɜː/ (ed) show /$ʊ/ showed /$ʊ/ shown /$ʊ/ (ed) upset /e/ upset upset
dig /ɪ/ dug /ʌ/ dug /ʌ/ leave /iː/ left /e/ left /e/ shrink /ɪ/ shrank /æ/ shrunk /ʌ/ wake /eɪ/ woke /ou/ woken /ou/
do /ʊː/ did /ɪ/ done /ʌ/ lend /e/ lent lent shut /ʌ/ shut shut wear /e$/ wore /ɔː/ worn /ɔː/
draw /ɔː/ drew /ʊː/ drawn /ɔː/ let /e/ let let sing /ɪ/ sang /æ/ sung /ʌ/ weave wove woven
dream /iː/ dreamt /e/ (ed) dreamt /e/ (ed) lie /aɪ/ (move) lay /eɪ/ lain /eɪ/ sink /ɪ/ sank /æ/ sunk /ʌ/ weep wept wep
drink /ɪ/ drank /æ/ drunk /ʌ/ lie /aɪ/ (talk) lied lied sit /ɪ/ sat /æ/ sat /æ/ wet /e/ wet wet
drive /aɪ/ drove /ou/ driven /ɪ/ light /aɪ/ lit /ɪ/ lit /ɪ/ slay /eɪ/ slew/ʊː/slayed slain /eɪ/ win /ɪ/ won /ɒ/ won /ɒ/
dwell /e/ dwelt /e/ (ed) dwelt /e/ (ed) lose /ʊː/ lost /ɒ/ lost /ɒ/ sleep /iː/ slept /e/ slept /e/ wind /aɪ/ wound /aʊ/ wound /aʊ/
eat /iː/ ate /eɪ/ eaten /iː/ make /eɪ/ made /eɪ/ made /eɪ/ slide /aɪ/ slid /ɪ/ slid /ɪ/ withhold /$ʊ/ withheld /e/ withheld /e/
fall /ɔː/ fell /e/ fallen /ɔː/ mean /iː/ meant /e/ meant /e/ smell /e/ smelt (lled) smelt (lled) wring wrung wrung
feed /iː/ fed /e/ fed /e/ meet /iː/ met /e/ met /e/ speak /iː/ spoke /ou/ spoken /ou/ write /aɪ/ wrote /ou/ written /ɪ/
feel /iː/ felt /e/ felt /e/ mislead /iː/ misled /e/ misled /e/ spell /e/ spelt (lled) spelt (lled)
fight /aɪ/ fought /ɔː/ fought /ɔː/ mistake /eɪ/ mistook /ʊ/ mistaken /eɪ/ spend /e/ spent spent