96 THE EARTH R E V IE W .
THE
T. W iN S H lP .— Thanks for The Cafe Magazine. We hope you will continue to
write to it on “ Natural Cosmogony.” W e wish you God speed in the
propogation of truth. We shall be glad to see Mr. Dunn’s reply, if he
attempts to answer such practical facts as you have brought before the readers
of so racy a magazine.
K . A l f r e y ., J. T . D i n e s , a n d o t h e r s . — ^We deeply regret oui inability to
insert your interesting letters on account o f lack of space. They shall appear
at the earliest opportunity.
EDITORIAL NOTICES,
Please to ask for “ The Earth— not a Globe— Review,” at all Newsagents,
Reading Rooms', and Railway Bookstalls. To be had direct from the Hon. Sec.
post free to any address in the postal union for lod. per year, in advance.
All monies for the Society must be paid direct to the local Vice-Secretaries, or
direct to the Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, Jno. Williams. Post Office Orders
to be made payable at Sumner Street. S. E.
M AP SU B SC R IP T IO N UST.
Mr. D. Yeomans
Mr. Levi Chilton o By
Will subscribers whose subscription.^ are now due kindly forward them to the
Hon. Secretary with as little delay as possible..
A T E ST IM O N Y .
T H E E A R T H — not a Globe— R EV IEW is deserving of especial notice by
Scientists and Astronomers. Its contents are both convincing in evidence and
logical in conclusion. The philosophical reader of such a work is brought face to
face with proof and deep investigation of all that scientists and theologians have
advanced, and with a plausible argument shewing that the earth is not a globe.—
The Torch, May 1895.
We regre! to announce the death of our esteemed friend J.
C h r i s t o p h b r , who, on account of his Map of the World as a Plane, was
made a “ Fellow of the Society of Science, Art and Literature.” Born at
Dartmouth, April 15th, 1805, fell asleep in Jesus at Morden College,
Blackheath, December 31st, 1894, and was interred at Charlton Cemetery,
January 3rd, 1895. A stone to his memory will shortly be erected, on which
will be inscribed
•‘ I shall be satisfied when I awake with Thy like n e ss." — Ps. xvii. 15.
E ) ? ^ ) F P - n o t a globe- ^ E V IE W .
When the majestic fo rm o f Truth stands before the bar o f justice,
that hideous monster, E rror, hangs its head in silence.
A Sectional View of the World as a Plane.
No. 5 ( N e w S e r ie s ) . O C T O B E R , 1895. P r i c e 2 d.
“ UNIVERSAL GRAVITATION, A PURE
A S S U M P TIO N .”
L eo C astle.
(Dedicated to the Editor of Ekyhold's Newspaper
“ All true interpretations of Nature must be made by suitable and proper trials
in which T H E SE N SE S judge by E X P E R IM E N T O N L exp erim en t
being the judge of Nature and Fact.” — L o r d F r a n c i s B a c o n
“ Does not thi foolish deference we fa y
To men who lived long since our passage stay?
What odd, prepost'rous paths at first we tread !
And learn to walk by stumbling o'er the dead.
The rev'rend sage with vast esteem we prize,
He lived long since, and must be wond'rous wise.
Good Heavens! that man should thus him self deceive.
To learn on credit, and on trust believe ! ’
Reason, By Pom fret
“ The multitude will not feel so inclined to persist in worshipping an idol
when they see it pulled down from its pedestal and degraded with impunity in
Stekr their presence. ” — Essay on Reverence.
Extract from Reynolds Newspaper, April 7th. 1895.
Those who believe the world is flat have a Journal of their own, called the
Earth Review, which has been forwarded to me. Some people, as the late
actor, Charles Matthews, used to say, are so dogmatic as to deny that there is
another side to the moon, and the flattists, or zetetics as they call themselves, will
not have it that there is such a thing as globularity. I am myself prepa re to
believe that the world is round until somebody disproves that the law— or, I
would rather say, the fact— of gravitation is a sham and the science of astronomy
 98 T H E E A R T H R EVIEW .
habitually incorrect. The flattists seem to me to be on a par with the explorers
of fourth dimension space. It is wonderful how so many persons in this country
can spare the time to make fools of themselves.— Reynold’s Newspaper^ A pril yth,
________________
It must be conceded by those acquainted with the Theory of Gravitation,
as formulated by Sir Isaac Newton, that it is in a very unsatisfactory condition.
This no doubt is due to the fact that EX PE R IM E N T , the a b s o l u t e
ESSENTIAL of all true philosophy, was not thought to be a necessary element
in the formation of this scientific hypothesis. Hence, in a practical investigation
concerning this so-called “ law of nature,” it is absolutely necessary that the
literal evidence of our God given senses be not utterly ignored ! This also is true in
respect to the meaning of words and sentences ! 1 he aim and objects of t r u e
PHILOSOPHY should be to both guard and fortify our minds against all speculating
ideas ; but alas the popularly accepted philosophy is absolutely nothing but
speculations or guesses, hence, what is termed “ the progress of astronomy ” is
if? nothing more than one speculation supplanting a previous speculation, which in
its turn is supplanted by another speculation ! This is the essence of (so-called)
science ! Lord F. Bacon proves himself to be a student of human nature as well
as philosophy. He says, “ i m a g i n a r y systems of philosophy derive no small
charm ; for to the human mind, the fictitious drama is more attractive than true
history.”
We trust that the exposure we shall give in this series of papers will cause
every lover of truth to join issue with us in dissenting from, and protesting against
the false and illogical conclusions deduced from the F .\L L of an apple in an
orchard at Woolsthorpe. The importance of this theory to the Copernican system
of astronomy, will be clearly seen from the fact that Lardner informs us that it
“ resulted in nothing less than a complete discovery of the system of the World.”
Therefore it necessarily follows that if the accepted theory of gravitation is
P R A C T IC A L L Y D EM O N STR A TED to be an unfounded piece of guess work,
having no foundation in Nature or Fact, then the whole system of Modern
Theoretical Science must fall to the ground like an house of cards, leaving nothing
to mark its existence, save it be that which marks the bursting of a soap bubble.
Before proceeding further I would here say, that while names must necessarily
be cited in these articles, we cast no aspersions at any person. We believe that
scientists are actuated by the purest of motives in all that they have, and are
doing, but at the same time they are verily guilty , with the rest of the world
which accepts the system of modern astronomy ; of neglect and indifference, in
that they have ; to use the confession of Herschel, “ T A K E N FO R G R A N T E D
at the outset, the Copernican system of astronomy.” We most earnestly desire
that official astronomers and geographers would, without educational bias,
examine the vital elements of their “ systeai of the universe, ” and we feel sure
that they would come to the same logical conclusions propounded both by Lock
and Bacon, viz., “ The certainty of conclusions can never rise beyond the
certainty of the premises upon which they are built,” and, “ if the origin from
which a system of philosophy is derived be a false and erroneous one, w h a t e v e r
emanates from i t must of necessity be false also.”
Concisely, the theory of “ Universal Gravitation” is thus expressed ;—
Every particle of matter attracts every other particle of matter; and, in
proportion to the density of a planet,* is its power of attraction ; and the greater
is this power of attraction the nearer each body approaches the other.
* Seven Planets belong to the sun— the earth is one.
U N IV E R S A L G R A V IT A T IO N . A PU R E ASSUM PTIO N.
99
W e will now proceed to enquire :—
Is THERE IN THE UNIVERSE ANY SUCH “ FORCE ” OR “ LAW ” AS THE
“ LAW OF GRAVITATION ” ?
Our answer; with that of many “ eminent scientists,” whose evidence we
shall adduce in confirmation and justification of our position and protest : is, NO,
d e c id e d l y n o t . This our negation is founded, as will eventually be seen,
upon P R A C T IC A L IN V E S T IG A T IO N , But first we shall adduce the evidence
of scientists.
ist.— C. Vernon Boys, Esq., F .R .S ., A .R .S.M ., M .R.I., in his paper, “ The
Newtonian Constant of Gravitation” says, “ G, represents that mighty principle
under the influence of which every star, planet aad satellite in the universe
pursues its allotted course. Unlike any other know* physical influence, it is
independent of medium, it knows no refraction, it cannot cast a shadow. It is a
mysterious power which NO MAN C A N EX PL A IN , O F IT S PR O PAG A TIO N
th rough SPACE, A L L MEN A R E IG N O R A N T . . . I cannot
contemplate this mystery, at which we ignorantly wonder, without thinking of
the altar on Mars’ hill. When will a St. Paul arise able to declare it unto us ?
Ot is gravitation, like life, a mystery that can never be solved ? ”
Proceedings of the Royal Institution of Great Britain, March 1895, p. 355.
2nd.— Professor W. B. Carpenter, C.B., F .R .S ., in his paper,
Zflw, says, “ The first of the great achievements of Newton in relation to our
present subject, was a piece of purely Geometrical reasoning. A SSU M IN G two
forces to act on a body, of which one should be capable of imparting to it uniform
motion in a straight line, whilst the other should attract it towards a fixed point
in accordance with Galileo’s law of gravity, he demonstrated that the path of the
body would be deflected into a curve . . . The idea of continuous onward
motion in a straight line, as the result of an original impulsive force not
antagonised or affected by any other^— formularised by Newton as his first ‘ law of
motion ’— is not borne out by any acquired experience, and does not seem likely
to be ever thus verified. For in no experiment we have it in our power to make,
can we entirely eleminate the antagonising effects of friction and atmospheric
resistance; and thus all movement that is subject to this retardation, and is not
sustained by any fresh action of the impelling force, must come to an end. Hence
the conviction commonly entertained that Newton’s first ‘ law ’ of motion must b«
true, cannot be philosophically admitted to be anything more than a probability . .
WE H A V E NO PROO F, A N D IN T H E N A TU R E OF T H IN G S CAN
N E V E R G E T ONE, O F T H E A SSU M PTIO N O F T H E A T T R A C T IV E
FORCE E X E R T E D B Y T H E E A R T H , OR BY A N Y O F T H E BODIES
OF T H E SO LA R SYSTEM , UPON O TH E R BODIES A T A D ISTAN CE.
Newton himself strongly felt that the impossibility of rationally accounting for
action at a distance through an intervening vacuum, was the weak point of HIS
system. A ll that we can be said to know is, that, which we learn from our own
experience. Now, in regard to the sun’s attraction for the Earth and Planets,
WE H A V E NO C E R T A IN E X P E R IE N C E A T A L L . Unless we could be
transported to his surface, we have no means of experientially comparing Solar
gravity with Terrestrial gravity; and if we could ascertain this, we should be no
nearer the determination of his attraction for bodies at a distance. .T H E
D O CTRIN E OF U N IV E R S A L G R A V IT A T IO N T H EN , IS A PURE
ASSU M PTIO N .” — T-Ai! Modern Review, Oct., 18S0.
3rd.— In “ Letters to the British Association” Professor Bernstein says, “ The
theory that motions are produced through miterial attraction is absurd . . .
Attributing such a power to mere matter, which is PA SSIV E B Y N A TU R E , is

T H E E A R T H R E V IE W .
a supreme illusion . . it is a lovely and easy theory to satisfy any man’s mind,
but when the practical test comes, it falls all to pieces and becomes one of the
most ridiculous theories to common sense and judgment.
I agree with you (R. Stevenson, Esq.) that if the power of material attraction
■
existed, it would indeed be a w'onderful miracle. Such a condition as laid down
by Sir Isaac Newton’s law of gravitation would disprove all natural phenomena . .
To -ascribe, for instance, the flow' and ebb of the tides to the attraction of the
Moon is clearly absurd . . . To prove positively that the motions of the
Universe-cannot be produced by attraction, I Will hinge three magnetized globes
■
in 'Such a manner, that th ey should in their revolvin g m otion attract each other,
• and thereby prove that •a motion as natural as that described by the Sun, the
Earth and the Moon, can never be produced by a mutual material attraction as
■■described and taught in Universities and Colleges. The whole theory of
■attraction, and all scientific problems as believed by mankind, is not only a fable,
- but a fake, great enough to destroy God, Truth and Common-sense, and will, and
-*■must, sooner or later, fall. It is clear that all, theories based on gravitation in the
scientific world are lame and perverted. Material attraction is surely one of
mankind’s nightmares; T H E R E IS NO U N IV E R S A L A T T R A C T IO N OF
M A T E R IA L M ATTE R . All and every phenomena incomprehensible to common-
■sense, is, and will remain a fake. Mere theories that within millions of years things
will be this way or that way are ridiculous guesses. ” — Transportation, Nov., 1894,
4th.— Sir Richard Phillips in his Million of Facts (p. 371) says, “ It is a principle
■never to be lo st sigh t o f, that circu la r m otion is a n ecessary result o f equal action
and re-action in contrary d irectio n s; for the harm ony w ou ld be disturbed by
■
'variation of distance, if the motions were rectilinear. The same distance, that is,
the same action and re-action, are, therefore, only to be preserved by reciprocal
circular motions. NO A T T R A C T IO N A N D NO PR O JE C T ILE FORCE
A R E T H E R E F O R E N E C E S SA R Y , and T H E IR IN V E N T IO N must be
regarded as BLU N D E R S of a superstitious age . . . If the bodies came neat
while moving the same way, there would be no mutual re-action, and they would
go together for want of re-action, and not owing to that M E CH A N ICA L
IM P O SSIB ILIT Y, called attraction.”
5th.— Professor Airy informs us that, “ Newton was the first person who made a
calculation of the figure of the earth on the theory of gravitation. He took the
following SU PP O SIT IO N as the o n l y one to which his theory could be
applied. He ASSU M ED the earth to be a fluid. This fluid matter he
•ASSUMED to be equally dense in every part . . For trial of his theory he
■SU PPO SED the A SSU M E D fluid earth to be a spheroid. In this manner
he IN FE R R E D that the form of the earth would be a spheroid in which the
length of the shorter is to the longer, or equatorial diameter, in the proportion of
*29 to 230. ’' — Lectures on Astronomy, ^th, Ed., p. 194.
To be continued.
S C IE N T IS T S D IS A G R E E !
“ T h e shifting o f the earth’s axis o f rotation is a potent influence,
for any astronomical revolution o f this kind would at once produce
a new equator, and a change o f the latitude o f all points on the
earth’s surface, except where the old and new equators intersect.
T his doctrine is a favourite one w ith geologists, since it at once
explains numerous clim atic changes. But astronomers are not quite
so unanim oiii.”— Notes, J u n e j^ th , i8 g s .
G E O G R A P H E R S IN CONGRESS.
GEOGRAPHERS IN CONGRESS.
By L a d y B l o u n t , F.B .P., etc., and W. T. W is b m a n , F .R .G .S., F .B .P ., etc.
(Members of the Sixth International Congress, London, 1895).
Antarctic Exploration.
“ E ven great Astronom ers do not always escape erroneous
conclusions, and sometimes they have to recant absolute mistakes
of reasoning and calculation.”
“ For several thousand years people suppposed that the earth
was a great platform surrounded by the sea.”
“ T h ey certainly knew nothing o f the real shape of the earth.”
“ D avid who lived a good w hile before Hom er, did not speak of
the ‘ round world.’ T h ere is no such word as ' round ’ in the original
Hebrew, nor in our Bible version o f the Psalms.”
“ T h e common Latin phrase for the earth, ‘ orbis terrarum,' and
in the Latin Vulgate Bible, translated ‘ T h e round world,’ does not
mean a globe, but a round disc, or wheel.”
S ir Edmund B e c k e t, B t., "Astronomy," yth Ed., preface p. j . fp . 1-2.
According to the above quotations, astronomers are sometimes
erroneous in their calculations, reasonings, and conclusions. . Y e t .•
with unproved and unproveable assumptions, they have the audacity
to contradict the G od-Inspired writers o f H o ly W r it; and practically
deny the cosmical teaching o f M oses, and the declarations contained in
the Psalms, and in the Prophets ; concerning T h e Sun, T h e M oon,
The Stars, and T h e Earth. Thus making the God-sent Messiah (in
whom many o f them profess to believe), a liar ! Disregarding the
fact, that this same M essiah, the Prince o f Prophets, and the Com ing
K ing of all T h e Earth, endorsed “ Moses, The- Psalms and T h e
Prophets,” T h e declaration that for thousands o f years, men knew
nothing of the real shape,of the Earth, is not supported by an atom
of p ro o f W hat do moderns know o f its shape ? T h ey have never
been to, and consequently, have never seen, beyond the circumr,
ferential ice-barriers, th a t, surround .the southings, and yet they say,
" T h e E arth is a whirling G lobe,” ;
W e now present our readers with a few sentences, culled frfim
the Geographical Congress official papers, dated M onday, July 29th,.
1895, and also from the Lond on D aily Newspaper reports, of its
meetings in its issues o f July 30th,
“ T h e sixth International Congress resumed its session yesterday
in the Imperial Institute, Section A presided over by Mr. Clem ent
Markham was devoted to . . .
 T H E E A R T H R E V IE W .
P olar E x p l o r a t io n .
D r. G . N eum ayer (Ham burg), dealt with the ‘ Scientific Explora­
tion o f the A ntarctic R egions.' H e said inter a lia ;— ‘ A n y con­
T Ge o g r a p h e r s In
clusion which may be drawn from records o f M eteorological and
hydrographical data, at present in existence, must o f necessity be
incomplete and fallacious {!) I t is o f high importance, to fu rn ish
accurate geodetic data to determine the fig u re o f our globe ( ! ) A
gravity survey would be o f the highest importance. T h e study of
the phenomena o f ice, the origin and nature o f icebergs . . . without
which it will be difficult to arrive at definite results respecting the
various epochs o f the earths existence. C on nected therewith is the
nature o f ice-caps, which probably cover the region surrounding the
South Pole ( ! ) T h e question o f the c a u se s. o f the variability o f
geographical latitude { the undulations o f the earth's a xis), will
probably be greatly elucidated. H e hoped that the grand example
set fifty years ago on the field o f South Polar Exploration, might
be renewed in our days (!) ”
Sir Joseph H ooker, who was introduced by the Chairman, as the
only survivor o f Sir James R oss’ E xpedition, said :—
“ H e believed he was right in saying that the key to the future
know ledge o f terrestrial magnetism, lay very m uch in the ascertain­
ment o f the exact position o f the South M agnetic Pole. We knew
nothing o i the m eteorology o f the w hole o f that enormous area, and
eould only at the best, make guesses, a n d assumptions( I) "
W e conclude from the foregoing, that it is the m odern scientists,
and not the ancients, who know nothing o f the shape o f the Earth.
In reference to the great, unpenetrated, southern circumferential
ice-barrier, and its unexplored b e y o n d ; these “ learned m en,” impose
upon the > o r ld , their weak hypotheses, and vain theories ; their
confessed ignorance, guesses and assu m ptions; and declare there is
a m agnetic spot or centre, which th ey term a ‘ South P ole ’ in
order to uphold their whirling G lo b e theory. B ut the ‘ G eodetic data ’
for mysticism is passing away, and the unprejudiced thinking world
now ask for witnessing facts, sound know ledge, exact science, and
truth !
Clem ent, the first co-Pastor or co-Bishop o f R o m e in his first
epistle to the Corinthian Eulesia (included in one o f the ancient
collections o f the Canon o f Scripture) writes :—
“ T h e unfathomable and unsearchable floods o f the deep, are
kept by H is com m an d ; and the conflux (hollow o r depth) o f the
vast sea, being brought together b y H is ord er into its several
collections, passes not the bounds that H e has se t it, but as he
con g r ess.
appointed (commanded), so it does remain. F or H e s a id :—
‘ H itherto shalt thou come, and thy floods shall be broken within
thee. T h e ocean, impassible to mankind, and the worlds that are
. beyond it. are governed by the same commands by their great
■103
M aster.” Chap. ix., 9— 12. Archbishop W ake’s translation.
U n til Astronom ers, Geographers, and so-called scientists, give us
facts for fiction, truth for ignorance, and also discover “ The South
Pole," and its “ Ice-Cap,” all believers in the D eity’s graciously
revealed Word, must reject and resist the infidels who practically
deny and make void the H o ly Inspired W ritings ! C lem ent’s epistle
was read in the primitive Ecclesias, an evidence o f its authority.
Photius, the Patriarch o f Constantinople, in the 9th century, and
others, have objected to its genuineness, because Clem ent speaks o f
“ Worlds beyond the S e a s ! ” T h e Apostle-taught Clem ent is a fa r
higher authority than the man-taught Photius ! Scripture and
Reason, condem n the learned lumber, o f false philosophers, with
their guesses, silly senile suppositions and gz.%-assumptions I These
men insist contrary to natural laws, and also contrary to lo g ic ; that
T h e Earth is a whirling G lobe, going round with other motions, at a
terrific rate, carrying on its surface m oveable objects, enveloped in
rare air ! Sim ply upon theory and without a single p r o o f!
B eyond the circum ferential southern ice-bound oceans Clem ent
declares that the are “ W orlds ! ”
T h e B ib le also em phatically declares ;
“ T h e pillars o f the earth are Jehovah’s. H e hath set the world
upon them.”— I. Sara, ii., 8.
“ O f old. T h o u hast laid the foundations of the earth.”—
Ps. cii., 25.
“ Y e enduring foundations o f the earth.”— M icah vi., 2.
“ T h o u hast established the earth and it abideth.”— Ps. cxix..
20.
“ T h e world also is established that it cannot moved."—
Ps. cvi., 10 and ciii., i.
“ Jehovah founded the earth on its bases, that it should not be
moved f o r ever, and beyond ! ”— Ps. civ., 5.
“ F or H e hath founded it upon the seas and established it upon
the floods.”— Ps. xxiv., 2.
W hat are, so-called, Christian Hierarchies, with their multitudes
of Priests and Parsons doing, that they should allow these infidel
Globites to dupe and mislead the people ? Is it because they are
mere hirelings ! ? Either the B ible lies ! or its opponents ! W hich ?
H ow can there possibly be a “ South Pole," and an “ Ice-C ap,” to
the unknown Circular Southings 1
 T H E E A R T H R E V IE W .
lO -i
F a c t T o h ic versus A ssu m p tio n .
D edicated to the Pate or his Pater,
Seeking “ G eodetic data.”
I f his name should be cute,
B ible teaching may suit.
Grand tints, in Truth, arise.
W ith this voluptuous strain,
Illum ’d by word’s of pow'r,
T o shake wild theories in an hour.
G reat Truths, in songs, arise.
W ith words o f mighty pow’r.
Such words with music strain.
Bring men misled, and dup’d, to reason’s vein !
2 ’G ainst B ib le and gumption !
Thoughtster o f ninety-five.
L ist to a minstrel’s theme,
T a ke o f fact-tonic to thrive,
Cherish no idle dream.
Sun’s distance is, stated"
i. e., Estimated
In millions dilated !
Digressing !
D iv e rg in g !
D ecreasing !
In fla te d !
W hich differ as d ated;
3 stars, may be due, either to our earth being at rest and the sun and
O ne hopes soon to reach “ S. Pole,”
A s Sir R. (a science pet),
N ow fifty years on-roll,
(T h ey hav’nt reached it y e t !)
Assum ption stands naked
But not the long-Pated,
Although closely mated.
C o gitatin g!
D iscu ssin g!
D iscrim inating!
D e b a tin g !
For “ South P ole ” they’re waiting !
(N .B. “ Probably ice-plated !)
T H E B E ST PROQ-FS E X PL O D E D . 105
A las 1 fo r a p'hantom goal,
A n d a Gldbites blank despair,
A las 1 for a m ythic “ Pole.”
^‘ A l a s r for it isn’t there J
H is hope e’en relaxes.
In vote for the taxes,
T o find the Earth’s motion.
V ivisection-like n o tio n !
S in k it, level (as the) O c e a n !
H ypothesis p o tio n !
S outh Polar conamotion.
W ith its “ Ice-cap ” precotio a
Audacious presum ption!
Assum ption 5
P resum ption !
Assum ption 3
“ THE B E ST PR O O FS” EXPLODED!
“ Y o u have to take it as proved that the earth moves. D ay and
night are the best proofs that tJie earth does really spin. W ithout
this spinning there cou ld be n o day and night, so that th e r^ u la r
succession o f day and night is caused by this spinning. H en ce the
appearances connected with the rising and setting o f the sun and
stars travelling round it, or the earth itself tam in g round, while the
sun and stars are a t rest.” Astronomy, Sec. iv. B y Professor
J. Norman Lockyer. E dited b y Professor H uxley,
H ow TH E E x P«)SION T O O K P la ce 3
“ ModerK astronomical observations has at length exploded the
idea of the immovability o f the stars.” “ T h e stars have a rea/l
movement o f their own,” The Heavens^ b y Professor A. Guillemin.
Edited b y Professor J. Normam Lock3'er.
As soon as it was C O N J E C T U K jE D that the stars were
subject to the law o f gravitation it was inferred that they were not
motionless” S cience Siftings, V ol. v i N o. 133, p. 39,
 T H E E A R T H KEVrEVV.
ro6
C IRCUM NAVIG ATtO N.
By T h om as G eo. F er gu so n .
The qtiesSiOTi is often asked :— How can you aceo»rjt for shipi> sailiag ^le East
or WesS and returning lo the place from which they starte<l, or io othei' words,
hoH’ is it possible So circujnnavigaJe anysbing UU a sjAieire?
'i'be latter part of ihe question is absurd, althOiOgh it is. often asked by men o f
BO m ean in telligen ce in oth er mailers..
The Isle of Wight has been circnmnavigated some buiKlrecis of times, but a
man would be considered a likely canditlate for a Lunatic Asylam who would say„
therefore, the I»le of Wight is a Globe.
It is self-eyident, then, lhat a body need not f e a Sphere to be dicamnavigated.
Again, on the face o f this .so-called proof of tbe sopposef* globularity of the
World there is deception, part of the truth having been omitted. 5t stands thus,
in many boujss ;—•“ A Mariner sailing' doe East or West returns to the place of
‘ •departure which could not be done on a flat surface but that he had attempte(?i
AND F.4ILED to circunrmavigate his supposed globe by saiiir^ due North or South
has been entirely cnuitted. Kow with regard to tbe former part of the q_aesuo»
we will ask the reader consldler for a moii>ent the following diagraui..
N represents the Korth Centre (popularly called the “ N orth Pffle ” 1, an d lbs
Outer circle S S S S, the Southern Circu m feren ce (erroneously caJled the “ South
t'ole. ’ ’)
It wilj be seen that as the compass needle constantly points N and S the points,
E and W will form a circle, and, following tbe circle to the right of the disgrana
tvould be travelling Sn an Easterly direction, and following the circle So the left,
a Westerly cotirse.
Again, it must be remembered that East and West are bat relative positions-
and not fixed Points, even according^ to globular teaching, for mslance: we s.bonW
not be correct in saying that America was West unless it was stated, or undei^
stood, that it was West of Greenwich, s line which passes through Greenwich
(on maps only of course) being taken in this case as a standard, and all places,
the relative jx>sitionsof which are on the right at left of this line j are spoken of
as East or West o f Greenwich.
If a map of the Earth as a plane be obtaroed it will readily be seen that the
circumnavigation of the world is easier according to the Pl^ANE T R U T H than
it is according to the G L O B U L A R T H E O R Y .
Why this supposed proof of the supposed Globular shape of the World should
be inserted in Geography Books is hard to understand, unlessit is that the Globular
theory is so wanting in truth that it is glad to catch at even a shadow, and even
this will be found to be aigainst it, if examined by th e light of common sense and
practical fact.
SC IE N C E ’ S Q U A R R E L AVITH T H E BIBLE. 107
SC IE N C E ’S Q UARREL W IT H TH E BIBLE.
Extracts from Lectures By W a i .t e r R o w t o n , E.s q .
T o say nothing o f the visible angels which the corroborating
Book of Genesi.s describes as constant messengers between heaven
and earth, we learn from the earlier book before us, that G od in
those times had a m ethod o f comm unication with men which, after
H e began writing to them, became to a great extent disused, Elihu,
in the most literal way, describes this. H e sa y s : In a dream, in a
vision of the night, -when deep sleejj falleth upon men, in slumberings
upon the b e d ; then H e openeth the ears of men and sealeth their
instruction ” Job xxxiii. 1:5, 16). T he statement is, G od at that time
instructed m e n ; and some of the evidences to nien that H e did so
were the supernatural character o f their dreams and visions.
In the present day, the sham supernatural has brought the true into
disrepute. Subtle reasoners, who don’t believe in religious people
because there are hypocrites, nor in honest tradesmen because some
are rogues— these won't believe in the supernatural because o f its
deceptions. But with due respect for their view, I am bound to
insist that base imitations could not be, but for genuine origin als;
and that only by falsifying the best attested histories in the world
can the true supernatural be eliminated from the dreams o f old.
T h e Jews— who if pedigree gives respectability, are the most
respectable people in ex iste n c e ; the Jews— who gave us the
H oly Scriptures, and whose strange history is a p ro o f o f their
correctness : the Jews— w ho have carefully kept them from the first,
and who, therefore, should best know whether they are true records
or n o t : the Jews— ^who have every incentive for impugning histories
which tell damagingly against themselves : the Jews assure us that
the O ld Scriptures are au th en tic; and as there are abundant reasons
for taking their word, whilst there is no good reason for doubting it,
such dreams as Elihu speaks of, as Joseph’s and Jacob’s and
Pharaoh’s, are worthy o f all acceptation as historic fa c ts : and the
more so, because most o f these dreams partook o f the nature of
short prophecies which had exact miraculous fulfilments.
Thin k of the witnesses who from Genesis to Revelation have
attested the reality o f miracles, supernatural dreams and visio n s;
think o f the mental and moral calibre o f the whole o f them : think—
as they spoke chiefly o f what they experienced, saw, or, as G o d ’s
instruments, d id — think, I say, if these are m t the witnesses o f truth,
o f the deliberate falsehoods these exemplary men condescended
without possibility o f collusion to utter. Thin k o f Joseph, if he had
only accidentally guessed right in interpreting the dreams of
 T H E E A R T H R E V IE W ,
roS
Pharoab, his ch ief butler and ch ief baker, having the aadacity tr>
speak as G od ’s com m issioned m essenger : tbink o f D aniel having
habitually com m itted the same enoTmitj-; think of the Bible dreamers:,
always dreaming according to the iriterpretation o f their dream s:
think of the Bible interpreters being men greatly beloved of G od.
never reproved for their sol^itions o f enigmas in H is name, and
never accidentally guessing w rong ? A n d in the region o f miracle,
think o f the w alls o f Jericho havin g on ly fallen flat b y a strange
coincidence “ when the priests blew with the trumpets and the
people shouted with a great s h o u t; ” think o f M oses only pretending;
to plague E g y p t: o f Joshua having only pretended to converse with
the Captain o f the L ord ’s h o s t: o f G ideon having only juggled with
that fleece o f w o o l: o f D aniel having som ehow circum vented the
lions, and then given the thing a jniraculoiis colour that he might
gain ascendency over the Median king : think of Shadrach, Meshach,
and A b ed n ego m aking them selves fire-proof by a scientific process of
which the particulars are not now recoverable : think o f G od having
only been pretended by Solom on as the G iver o f his wisdom and the
Answ erer o f his prayer for i t : and think o f Christ having only
pretended to feed “ five thousand men, besides women and
children ” by the miraculous increase o f “ five loaves and two
fishes ; ” having only pretended to raise the dead, to heal the sick,
to cast out devils, and H im self to die and rise again £
Explain away the miraculous £ we can make ourselves ridiculowf.;
by trying, but as to doing it— we may as well try to scale heaven '
Subtract the miraculous and leave the historic— impossible ! tear
away the first and nearly the whole o f the last comes with it. And
why should we ? W herefore is not the miraculous part of the Bible
as true history as any other part ?
I f we credit all we now hear, the splendid men o f old, whose
histories in b rief the Bible gives, were so many weak-minded
enthusiasts, bent on m anufacturing archives out o f mutual hallucma-
tions ; poor creatures the whole or them : and so insufferably oriental
as to be quite unable, even in the commonest matters, either to
express themselves comprehensibly, or to distinguish between fact
and fancy. It is we who are the wise ; they were but superstituous
ignoramuses. Well, let our wise men produce a subtler and, in
spite o f its metaphors, clearer bit of argumentation than that between
Job and his fellow-ignoramuses, they can.
T h e world has its sages and its sages. Thos»e whose works are
obsolete are its wise sages : those who produced the only standard
work in existence, the incomparable Bible, are its otherwise sages ;
that is to say, its foolish ones. W anted an illustration o f virtue—
S C IE N C E ’ S Q U A R R E L W ITH T H E lilBLE. 109
where it is oftenest scu gh t? Am ong the worthies o f the B ible?
N ine times out o f ten among the greatly more esteemed worthies o f
heathendom ! W hat perversity, for merely classical ends, to prefer
the men, maxims, and morals o f a dead heathendom before the
inimitable exemplars o f a living Bible ! T h e infatuation o f scholars
for things heathenish— this seems the cause o f the B ible’s witness
against heathen science revived being ignorantly under-valued.
Elihu, apparently knowing as perfectly well what he was talking
about as the sanest man amongst us, declared supernatural dreams to
have been one means o f D ivine communication with men ; and he
added, that what actual knowledge men possessed was imparted by
the G od who m ade and gave them life. I t is “ G od my M aker,” he
says, “ who teacheth us more than the beasts o f the earth, and
maketh us wiser than the fowls o f heaven ” (Job xxxv. 11). A nd
Job, as if to illustrate this, comes out wiih a sample o f the teaching
received— “ I know that my Redeem er liveth, and that H e shall
stand in the latter day upon the ea rth ; and though after my skin
worms destroy this body, yet in my flesh shall I see G o d ” (Job xix.
25. 26). W here learnt he th at? o f m en? A n d was it the initial
fancy from which men, m any o f whom never saw one another,
artfully conspired together, the living with the dead, to concoct that
fairy tale— Christ and the Resurrection I Men are amazingly clever ;
but to attribute all this to them would make them out far more
clever than hitherto they have shown themselves to be.
Supernatural dreams one o f the means by which G od imparted
knowledge— visible angels seem to have been an oth er; and in G od ’s
grand answer to Job “ out o f the whirlwind ” we h iv e a third.
Scientific gentlemen may sneer at the whirlwind communications
of G od with m en ; but the recorded fact that G od spoke to Job is
not to be displaced, except by proof that H e did n o t ; or shaken,
except by substantiated inferences on the contrary. D isbelief by
itself is not the mind-work o f men, but the passion-work o f fo o ls : by
itself, disbelief is not worth attention ; yet only disbelief— by itself— ■
has assailed this Bible statement.
That amongst the worshippers of G od in J ob ’s day there were
very faulty notions— -especially o f G od’s providences, and man’s
ability to maintain his own righteousness before his M aker— is
sufficiently e v id e n t: for Job him self had im bibed them. N or was it
strange it should be so ; for although G od him self was the teacher,
His people were but scholars : education, in no case com plete, was
simply in progres.s.
Now M odern Science’s position is, that G od has proceeded upon
the principle of adapting H im self to man’s errors ; and here is a test
case proving H e has done no such thing.

T H E E A R T H REVIEW .
rra
“ W ho is this,” asks G od, “ who darkeneth counsel by words
without k n ow led ge? ” (Job xxxviii. 2.) So far from endorsing Job’s,
ignorance, G od at great length exj)oses and reproves i t ; till Job
hum bly confesses he had uttered what he understood not, things toO'
wonderful for him which he knew not. (Job xlii. 3.) G o d ’s action
then, instead o f being confirm atory o f m en’s mistakes, seem s at this
m ost im portant juncture, when men w'ere as yet without a Bible,
a supernatural condescension to human ignorance to lift men
out o f it.
“ V ery true,” say those we esteem, our Christian philosophers,
“ where it was, as here, a religious question, G od did so a c t ; but
never where the ignorance was m erely scientific.”
A most reckless assertion, and com pletely falsified by this very
record. H ow does G o d deal with Job’s moral misapprehensions
o f his Maker ? B y directing attention to, and very m inutely
particularising, the visib'e works o f His hand. H e corrects his
too-for\yard scholar by means o f a series o f object le sso n s; a
principle later Scriptures describe H im always afterwards to have
. acted upon. Sa that right views in respect to the universe are from
fir s t ta last p u t fo ru m rd by God as indispensable to right views o f
Him self. So f a r frotn these having nothing to do with our fa ith ,
G od expressly establishes them a t the very outset as the securest rock
f o r fa ith to stand on. A n d obviously they are ; for whenever men
depart from G o d ’s principle, they invariably end by departing from
Him . T hem selves inventing a universe, as the Bible's G od w ill not
suit with it, their only alternative is to fu r th e r invent a substitute that
will. Instead o f its personal Creator, they f i l l H is place with idle
speculations as to a not impossible F ir st Cause.
I
(T heir “ impossible First C ause ” is the Sun ! “ T h e centre of
the movements o f all the celestial bodies o f the system . , . is to us
T H E S O U R C E o f light, heat, and The Heavens.
i what is the earth, according to modern science ? A monstrous
M odern Astronom ical T each in g is here shown to be a specious
form of M a t e r ia t ism ! E d. E .R .)
N ot alone does G od claim in the B ook o f Job to be the sole
C reator o f all visible things ; but H e propounds doctrines with
respect to several which should make our Christian philosophers a
little m ore doubtful than they are wont to be o f the correctness of
their opposing conclusions. Am ongst the statements G o d H im self
is credited with, are the fo llo w in g : “ I laid the foundations o f the
earth ; ” the earth’s foundations are “ fastened ; ” and the earth, like
other buildings, has “ a corner stone." (Job xxxviii. 4-6.)
“ Oh, but that is all allegorical, and of a piece with the whole
book, which is nothing but a beautiful allegory ! ”
S C IE N C E 'S Q U A R R E L W IT H T H E BIBLE. Tit
T hat, or a m odification o f it, is I know the modern suggestion ;
but it doesn’t go far enough, G od, Ezekiel, James, and Paul— these
should be allegorical too !
Ezekiel declares, concerning the land o f Israel, “ Though these
three m e n ” — not these three m yths— but, “ Tnough these three
men, Noah, Daniel, and Job were in it, they should deliver but theif
own souls by their righteousness, saith the L o rd G o d .” (Ezek. xiv.
14, 20.)
T h e apostle James w ould have done stnall Service by instancing
the “ suffering affliction ” o f an imaginary individual : naming
therefore the patience o f Jub he spoke o f one historically and
indisputably real.
T h e apostle Paul too, confirms the authority of the B ook o f Job,
by quoting from it as a part o f sacred Scripture, prefacing his
extract with the usual, “ It is written.” (Job v. 13 ; I. Cor. iii. 19.)
T o pronounce Job and the B ook o f Job metaphorical is> there­
fore, to fly in the face o f authenticated history.
Again, there is a further reason for knowing that the staterhehfs
read from the B ook o f Job are not metaphorical. T h o se precise
statements are elsewhere repeated in terms as literal as any the B ible
contains ; and not merely once or twice, but many, m any times : for
in stan ce; “ W ho art thou,’' asks G o d o f H is chosen nation, by H is
prophet Isaiah ; “ W ho art thou that forgettest the L ord thy Maker,
that hath stretched forth the heavens, and laid the foundations of
the e a r th ? ” (Isaiah li. 12, 13.)
So you see that the earth’s foundations, twenty-two times
officially mentioned by G od and H is prophets, are not given as
eastern fancy, but as literal sober, undeniable fact.
W e are told that the am ount o f E astern imagery in the Bible
altogether beyond easy com prehension is perfectly incalculable; and
so it is ; the amount is so exceedingly s m a ll! Eastern im agery ! why
balloon without a car, rushing through space and twirling as it goes.
H ow appropriate then the B ible’s Eastern im ag ery ! for it to talk by
G od ’s order o f the fastened foundations and corner-stone of such an
express asteroid as this, is Eastern imagery with a vengeance—
Eastern imagery so totally misapprehending the thing im aged as
actually to receive upon its speculum a travelling sphere, and to
reflect a fixed plane !
“ But G od acted thus to accom modate H is words to man’s
ignorance.”
I f H e did, that so-called ignorance was not by the men in
question held to have been o f their own origination. W hat we so
 112 T H E E A R T H R EVIEW .
glibly style ignorance, they held knowledge : and the Author and
G iver o f it, they were certain was G od. H ow modern Science has
com e to know better, I cannot say. I f you gave me a piece o f
information, and I, supervised by you, wrote it down, and from
whom I had received it — ages afterwards for some upstart to call
my memorandum in question, for no other reason than that he
didn’t believe in the transaction beyond my fancying it happened ;
would not that be an im pertinence ? and for everybody to
receive the modern upstart’s statement, ignoring you, and libelling
your information as m y own ignorant guesswork, in defiance o f the
carefully-kept written docum ent— would not that be an act o f folly?
W ell, that e.xactly is the state o f affairs between Job, G od , Modern
Science, and the world.
W ith what reason do our Professors object to the supernatural in
Job’s day, when even now things are done amongst us supernatural
enough to baffle all attem pts at explaining them ? D o / then believe
in modern Spiritualism ? I believe in modern spiritism ! the B ible
announces it as to come, and here accordingly it i s ; taking, as a
matter o f course, the world by surprise, but not students o f the
Bible, who were looking for it. Y et, what is modern spiritism ?
A mere parody o f that in Job’s day ! that was o f G od ; this is o f the
D evil. “ W hy of the D evil in the one case more than the other ? ”
Because modern spiritism proposes to govern by laws not G o d ’s,
and to abolish H is Bible. I. T im . iv. i ; I. Thess. ii. 3 ; Dan. viii.
23, 24; Rev. xiii. n - 1 4 ; R ev. xvi. 13, 14.) See aiso
Unveiled, by M iles Grant. Kellaw ay.
I fear our philosophers will think the remark rather flippant, but
m odern Science irresistibly reminds me o f those over-estimated
children— “ too clever to live.”
Listen to our philosophers, and no doubt “ they are the people,
and wisdom shall die with them .” A ll our indebtedness is stated to
be to Science, whose high priests by turns these gentlem en are.
1 did not originate the idea even o f using the skins o f animals for
W hat that we pride ourselves upon has not she either originated or
perfected. ? A s for the fortuitous concourse o f atoms, the gradual
(l cohesion and subsidence o f these into the fixed centres and revolving
rl systems o f the universe, the outcom e o f life from matter —there was
no cleverness in these, and with these o f course nobody had to d o ;
but there was cleverness in arguing from atoms up to worlds, from
worlds up to systems, from systems up to laws, from laws up to life,
and from life up to n o th in g; and all cleverness is her very own.
From the invention o f her own gas, to the analysing and m ethodising
o f all visible sky-glories— everything she assures us is attributable
to her.
SC IE N C E ’ S Q U A R R E L W IT H T H E BIBLE.
”3
B ut w ho is she ? who is this m odel o f m odesty ?
T h e godly world— Solom on over again— is now very old : and
having for many a day been w'ithout a single supernatural com muni­
cation from God, he in the decline o f life has done what men thus
left to themselves have always done, he has taken up with a strange
woman, who, alas, has “ turned away his h ea rt” (I. K in gs ii. 1-8).
W hence com es she? is she o f Christian origin? A ll her
instincts anti-christian and heathenish, it would seem not. A t all
events she is his wilful darling— the more a genius the more extrava­
gantly she conducts herself.
W hen the god ly world was a young man, in vigorous possession
of his brilliant faculties, thousands o f years before modern Science
beguiled him into idolatry o f her and her gods— his invariable habit,
from lusty m anhood to past m iddle age, was, to put visible causes in
the second, and G od in the first p la c e ; for then he had, as he has
witnessed, such direct intercourse with G od that to contradict his
own experience was impossible— it never once occurred to him. H e
held then, that from G od came all the knowledge and all the skill
he now— with strange forgetfulness of facts and dates— attributes to
the outlandish charmer o f his green old age. H e held that with
G od originated the Astronom y he has since allowed his spoilt
favourite to boast about as h e r s : that it was G od who called the
light D ay, the darkness N ight, the firmament H eaven, the dry land
Earth, the waters S e a s ; that it was G od who divided tim e into
seasons, days, and years ; that it was G od who created and numbered
the sta rs) that it was G od, and not the heathen sages, who called
them all b y their names (Psalm cxlvii. 4 ; Isa. xl. 26), as Arcturus,
Pleiades, Orion, and M azzaroth (Job xxxviii. 3 t, 3 2 ); that it was
G od who taught so much o f “ the ordinances o f heaven ” as men
correctly knew (Job xxxviii. 33). H e held that with men did not
originate everything art has superadded to n atu re; that with men
clothing. H e held that men did not from floating boughs o f trees
gain the idea o f crossing the water in sh ip s; he held that the ship
was not man’s developm ent o f man’s conception, but that G od was
the sole designer and Master-builder, of the first ship constructed.
H e held that M oses, though learned in all the wisdom o f the idola-
trous Egyptians (Acts vii. 22), was not equal to planning the superb
Tabernacle, nor to instructing the workmen how to fashion its
coverings, utensils, and ornam ents; he held that G od H i m s e l f was
the alone architect and C h ief constructor, precisely as it is written.
The artistic world may claim that the skilled knowledge herein;
which the Book o f Exodus attributes wholly to G o d , was borrowed
 T H E E A R T H R E V IE W .
lU
from the already rich stores o f scientific men ; and the godly world
may stand idly by, seeing, hearing, and saying n o th in g ; but time
was when the godly world knew that had not G od “ filled Bezaleel ”
(Exod. xxxi. 2-4) “ with H is spirit, in wisdom, understanding, and
knowledge, and in all manner o f workmanship to devise clever works,
and put in his heart to teach and to know how to w ork for the
service o f the sanctu ary” (Exod. xxxvi. i) , the Tabernacle to all
time would have remained an impossibility. A n d so lon g afterwards
o f Solom on’s Tem ple, o f which the exactest pattern is stated to
have been given by the Spirit o f G od (I. Chron. xxviii. 12). “ All
r, this,” said D avid, “ the L o rd made me understand, in writing, by
H is hand upon me, even all the works o f this pattern.” (I Chron.
xxviii. 19.)
U n der D ivin e guidance, the godly world at first and for ages
following kept, so to speak, its D iary— our Bible ! and therein we
read, obviously not his romantic fancies, but his plain, every-day
experiences, which were that with G od originated everything of
worth that was invented. But to-day. Science, theology, current
literature, anything referred to rather than th a t; what is the conse­
quence ? the human medium through which the invention comes—
glory be to h im ! he is the in v en to r; give to him the merit o f the
in v en tio n !
T o those who would retort upon me that in all this I am rather
assuming the being o f G od than proving it, I reply. Sirs, you mistake.
M odern Science claims that men should glorify A ir ; whereas, it has
been elicited from a host of creditable witnesses that the glory she
covets is an inheritance already in possession. I have shown that
up till recently G od has received that homage now dem anded by
S c ie n c e ; and surveying the epochs between Solomon and Job, I
have also shown that H e has continuously received it from the
earliest times. To-day, asked by modern Science to transfer my
allegiance, I say. Readily, i f her claim be ju s t; but where is the
justice o f turning the present O ccupant out o f the estate H e from
time immemorial has enjoyed, until his title has been proved bad ?
Christians have not to prove the being o f their G od ; it is modern
Science who has, i f she can, to get rid o f Him . W here she aspires
to be. H e is ; and as there is not room for two, Science must remain
outside, unless she can dispossess the present O ccupier.
I put in the B ook o f Job as unanswerable evid ence in this case.
Seeing that every attem pt to invalidate this docum ent has failed, I
not alone as^ that it be received as true, but I exercise my right of
demanding that.
L egally entitled as the B ible is to all the advantages accruing from
n a v ig a t io n proves th e w olld a plane .
liS
the reception o f the B o o k o f Job as a true record o f facts— fet me
sum up, so far, the evidence against Science and for Scripture.
T h e B ook o f Job convicts man o f having originally attributed
his knowledge o f God, himself, and the universe, to the D ivine
B ein g ; o f having stated with certainty how that knowledge was
cum m unicated; and o f having given such specimens o f the know­
ledge received as, from their contrariety to human conclusions
and preferences, are self-proved not to have been the results o f men’s
cogitations, experiments, or observations. F or instance: Man in­
clines to the b elief that he is not a creation, but a d evelopm ent; the
Book o f Job declares that G od “ m a d e ” man. Man prefers to con ­
sider that his first notions o f the universe were his own, and
mistaken ones ; the B ook o f Job avers that G o d was man’s Instructor,
and that H is instruction was therefore true. M an definitely decides
that the earth is an unsupported globe ; the B ook o f Job as definitely
represents it as laid upon the waters (Job xxvi, 7 ; see Dr. A dam
Clarke), and as built upon foundations. M an cannot say there is
not a First Cause, neither can he that there i s ; the B ook o f Job
expressly states a personal Creator, and by its own clear evidence,
preserved to us by the m ost ancient and honourable o f the world’s
peoples, indisputably proves, through m en H e educated, and through
one man who conversed with Him, that personal C reator’s existence.
T h ou gh man now turns round upon himself, and denies the witness
he form erly gave, all this does the B ook o f Job establish by itself,
without the trem endous testimony in corroboration o f the after
Scriptures.
NAVIGATION PROVES T H E W ORLD
A PLANE 1
By “ Y a c h t s m a n .”
W hen at school, I was taught that the most conclusive proof that
the Earth is a Globe, was found in the fact that the upper masts and
sails o f ships at sea are seen first, and as the vessels approach the
observer, the lower masts and sails become visible, and finally
the hull.
I am in possession o f one o f the most powerful glasses ever
invented, or made by man. B ut to go into details. T h e iron
barque, “ L a Q uerida,” o f Liverpool, left Capetown for Australia
some time ago. I w atched her from an elevation o f 200 feet. She
was in ballast, and thus presented a hull high out o f water. A s she
sailed away, the entire vessel, masts, sails and hull gradually became
less, until the hull was scarcely visible. I applied the “ Emperor ”
ii6 T H E E A R T H R EVIE W .
T H E E A R T H R EVIEW . 117
binocular glass to m y eyes, and could see the hull as plain as the
T u f n e l l P a r k , N. Dear Sir,— I was showing them over his house at the
sails and masts. T h e ship went on until I could no longer see the
like the “ Earth R eview ” very much, time, who told Mrs. Tweedie and her
hull, and only the masts and sails indistinctly. Again I applied the and I purpose sending a copy to my friends the distance she says they saw.
glass, and again saw the hull, masts and sails a ll very small, but all friends and acquaintances in different The book is very interesting and well
distinctly visible, although about lo miles distant. H ence, I cam e to parts of the country, and in this, or in worth reading. Page 108, she describes
the conclusion that either my binocular glass has the power of any other way as opportunity occurs, a “ glorious winter night” scene that they
shall endeavour to make the Journal saw. “ On our right the Heavens were
piercing a segment o f water miles in thickness, or that the earth is a
■better known. How would it do in the illuminated by the most perfect sunset
plane and therefore not a globe. next issue, to invite subscribers to leave one could desire, a sunset that spread
On a fine afternoon I took up my usual position (200 feet above a copy at Public Libraries occasionally ? over the whole sky, and changed con­
sea level) to watch the schooner “ Lilia,” of Capetown, sail away I hope you will soon see your way to a tinually from palest yellow to deepest
, monthly issue.
about due North for Saldanha Bay. A s she left the land behind shades of carmine. On our left, actually
Yours faithfully, at the same time, the Heavens made a
she appeared to climb the water in front of her until she came up to
J. B. deep, dark blue frame to an almost full
the line o f vision o f the horizon and my eye, and then gradually [We trust friends will follow this moon. ” “ The effect was extraordinary. ’ ’
disappeared without m aking the least attem pt to get below the Gentleman’s example, and also carry out “ We beheld our own shadows from the
horizon. When I could no longer see her hull, which was painted his excellent suggestion. Ed.] moon on the ice-covered lake, and at
black, I applied m y glass to my eyes, and the whole vessel was the same moment we could actually see
Dear Sir,— Have you seen a new book a sunset in all its firey glory by merely
restored to sight. T his continued until she appeared as a black
(March 1894) entitled, “ A Winter Jaunt turning our heads. The sky was like a
spot on the water and the glass failed to distinguish between hull to Norway.” The Authoress, who was rainbow, and in this glorious setting the
and sails. A t vanishing point, she was still in the same line o f sight an intimate friend of Dr. Nansen’s, says, moon and the sun shone forth together.”
that she appeared to ascend to when first leaving the harbour. that from his windows at Lysaker, they The distance they saw down the
A t m y usual position again one very fine and clear morning, I “ looked right away over the 70 mile Christiana Fjord does not support the
stretch of Christiana Fjord— Now solidly orthodox astronomical theories of the
saw a black spot far away on the horizon. A s it drew nearer I could
frozen— to the open sea beyond.” Page day.
indistinctly see a funnel and two masts, but nothing whatever of the 195. It must have been Nansen, who
M. F.
ship’s body. Now, thought I, here’s a fine chance to test the
“ Emperor ” and the scientists globe teaching at one and the sg,me
time, and suiting the action to the thought, I applied the glass, THE Z E T E T IC ’S OPEN COLUMN.
when lo ! and behold ! W hat did I see ? I saw a funnel, two masts,
AnsiiVER (5). The so-called shadow the Earth in an opposite direction to the
and the b od y o f the steamer, and also the white wave being dashed is not always round, it was once noticed Sun, this thick dry foggy atmosphere
from her bow by her speed through the water ! ! ! to be “ a dark isosceles triangular shape;” obscures the Moon’s rays but does not
N ow if any Observatory man can be found to attempt to prove but a straight object would give a curved obliterate them. It cannot be admitted
the Earth a Globe, I am ready to meet him. shadow upon a sphere as you may prove that the “ Earth’s Shadow” causes an
by holding a straight-edge before an eclipse, because Sun and Moon have
apple by gas light, but it has never been both been seen above the horizon during
C O N TE N TS OF OUR LETTER BOX. shewn that the Earth could possibly cast an Eclipse of the Moon, and we know
S o u t h S h i e l d s . Dear Sir,— “ Speak Navigation School Examiner, but there a shadow on the Moon. If the Earth from other sources that these Bodies
unto the children of ‘ Parallax ’ that was not one dissentient voice, I upheld cut off the Sun’s light from the Moon, revolve over a Plane Earth. B. B l o u n t .
they go forward. ’ ’ the Word of God as the medium of all the Moon ought to go quite dark during The Creator of the Moon declated—
I held three meetings in the Market truth. I challenged them for two weeks the eclipse, but it does not, its light and thereby confirmed as absolute truth,
Place on Sunday. 11.45 a.m., The Bible to come and bring anyone to rebut my shines through the supposed shadow. the inspired account as given by the
and Physiology. 3.20 p.m., The Bible charges against Theoretical Astronomy Parallax thought— that— a semi-opaque Holy Spirit in Gen. i., 16— that the
and Geology. 7.30, The Bible and A s­ and Geology. I have got scores of con­ but dark Moon came between us and Moon’s light is an inherent light, hence
tronomy. The Truth must be spread. verts to the Plane Earth facts. Send the luminous Moon and so caused the Moonlight (Matt, xxiv., 29). This is
May the Lord in His rich grace and me some more pamphlets, we intend to lunar eclipse. Astronomers admit that confirmed by every practical investiga­
mercy save the Puzzled Clerics. We bury the Globe in South Shields this there are dark bodies in the Sky. tion. Is there a scientist living who
had good audiences. There were leading winter. Yours, &c., It may be the Moon is “ eclipsed ”
H a r r y D e Jo a n n is . ■
would try to “ eclipse ” the light of a
atheists, school teachers, and also the by getting into a mass of “ thick dark­ policeman’s bulls-eye lantern by putting
ness ” which revolves around and over a globe between it and another? besides;
 T H E E A R T H R E V IE W . T H E E A R T H REVIEW . 119
ii8

A n s w e r (6). Day and night are pro­ does so long a period elapse before we hurricane proof that the earth has no
and this should never be lost sight of,
can catch sight of the comets which “ axial rotation,” which they say “ is
the so-called “ shadow” always com­ duced by the movement of the Sun over the cause of day and night ” ?
return periodically ? (12). If the earth
mences to eclipse the Moon from the an outstretched earth, bringing light in D. Y.
be a plane, how are the different phases
East side, therefore overtaking, and succession to all places so traversed,
of the moon accounted for— for example (14). What are the evidences we find
passing on in the same direction as the being a small body compared with the
— the full moon : the sun being higher from careful observation that the teaching
Moon is travelling ! But, if the so-called size of earth, it is only able to illuminate
than the moon, it, to my mind, would of Popular Geography and Astronomy
shadow proof— alas ! its only a shadow ! one portion at one time, as it advances
be impossible for us to see the moon at are not true but misleading and unscrip-
— of globularity was an absolute proof; on its unceasing course it is gradually
full, Would it not ? J. E. G r e e n . tural? {15). In the English Mechanic,
and not a mere “ hypothesis to explain preceded by A . M. or morning, P. M. or
April 12th, 1895, I read the following :
phenomenon,” then the shadow would evening following in its wake. (13). It is reported o f the storm that
J. A t k i n s o n . “ The size of the shadow according to
meet the Moon and not overtake it as it passed over the Midlands (March 24th),
photography taken of the eclipsed moon,
dbes. Again, the speed of the earth in (6). Day and Night are caused by that it travelled from West to East at
is greater than the diameter and distance
its orbit compared with the speed of the the revolution of the Sun over and the rate of 90 miles per hour. How is
of the earth given in text books will
Moon in its orbit, utterly, from a around the Earth, the Sun is neither it that the hurricane overtook the globe-
globular stand point, proves the falseness high enough nor large enough to shine account for. ” How is this ?
e a r th , which they tell us “ revolves upon
T h om as W h it t l e .
of the so-called proof and for ever closes over all the Earth, but only over about its axis from W. to E. at the rate of
the mouths of all opponents ! They half of it at one time. B, B l o u n t . 1,000 miles a minute” ? Is this not a Unanswered Questions, 2, 3.
claim that the earth is travelling in an
Q u e s t i o n s (7). The following state­
orbit round the sun at the “ rate of
ment is taken from the Pupil Teachtr
68,305 miles an hour, ’ ’ while the Moon
and Scholarship Student, Jan. 24th, ANSWERS TO CORRESPONDENTS.
is travelling in an orbit round the earth,
1895.— “ making of canals it is
and consequently must of necessity move
necessary, in order to have uniformity of All letters to the Editor should be briefly and l e g i b l y written on one side of
faster than the earth or about 180,000
depth, to allow 8 inches in each mile.” the paper only. They must be accompanied by the name and address of the
miles an hour. It is therefore utterly
Is this true ? C. R. E. writer, as a guarantee of good faith. Where replies are requested by post, the
impossible that the shadow travelling at
postage must be enclosed. The Editor does not hold himself responsible for the
the rate of 68,305 miles an hour can (8). Where is the limit or boundary
opinions expressed by correspondents. All letters must be prepaid and addressed
overtake the moon travelling at 180,000 of the Earth’s atmosphere, and how,
miles an hour. What an infinite differ­ if there is such a limit or boundary, to
L eo C a s t l b ,
ence is shewn to exist between absolute is it accounted for? (9). Seeing that
fact, and conjectural and illogical theory. objects at different heights are visible c/o Mr. J. W i l l i a m s ,
A H otten to t. at a greater or less distance; for 32, Bankside, L o n d o n , S.E.

It is not necessary for our enquiring example, Mount Egmont, 8,838 feet
friend to associate a “ shadow ” with a high above sea level, is discernable from
lunar eclipse, water being horizontal and the deck of vessels at Sea, a distance of
the earth in consequence a plane, a 160 m iles; the light from the Eiffel
shadow from the earth cannot possibly Tower can be seen 40 miles away? (I
have heard that this light has been seen
operate.
It is admitted that invisible bodies from a distance of 90 miles. I am in
exist in the firmament, such bodies be­ possession of evidence from the globular
come apparent when in a line between side that it can be seen from a distance
an observer and a luminous body like of 75 miles ! Ed.). How is it that the
the moon, though invisible to the human sun, 3,000 or 4,000 miles away on the
eye when not so situated. Such bodies plane theory, cannot be seen over all the
have been photographed with the aid of earth at the same time ; likewise the
a telescope and made apparent to vision, moon and stars ? (10). If the earth be
showing that the apparatus, etc., of the a plane, W hy is it not possible to see
photographer is more sensitive than .the through telescopes across the German
retina of the eye— the intervention of or Atlantic Ocean, when a ship, as you
such a body which Parallax says “ is the say, having sunk below the horizon can
direct cause of a lunar eclipse,” explains be brought within vision again by the
the “ rotundity” observed in connection above means? (11). If the stars are
therewith. J, A t k in so n . comparatively near to the earth. Why
C. H a r p u r . — Thanks for your missive. You are always amusing. Can you tell
us in what direction did Mr. Borchgrevinck see the Southern Midnight Sun ?
What was its position and height above the horizon ? What Orbit did it
describe; circular, oblong, square, hexagon, the figure 8, or what ? I suppos#
you are aware'of the fact that the phenomenon is a “ striking argument”
against Globularism ? We are “ forced to silence” by the lack of practical
evidence which is essential to prove the subject out in connexion with a plan#
earth. When we are in possession of that evidence, we shall be only too
pleased to insert it in this Journal for your esteemed consideration. You at
least ought to know that no heavenly phenomena can in any way affect the
IN V U L N E R A B L E FA C T , that, “ the surface of all water at rest is an
horizontal plane.”
M r . B r o o k m a n . — We have forwarded Canon Mills some literature as you
requested and trust it may have the desired effect. “ The altered Translation, ”
an extract from which appeared on the cover of “ E .R .,” is the title of a
publication by B. W. Newton. It can be had from the Hon. Sec., gd., post
free.
A, Me I n n e s . — Thanks for your MS., too late for this issue.
 liO T H E E A R T H R EVIEW .
]. A t k i n s o n a n d O t h e r s . — Accept our hearty thanks for At Home and Abroad.
We can well understand and fully endorse its language respecting the great
loss of one of the honorary associates of the Y. W. C. I., Mrs. Irving.
D .V .— We shall reproduce her verses “ Give me to Drink,” in our next issue ;
also in the near future we may publish some of her private letters to ourselves.
We trust that all Zetetics will follow her noble example for the advancement
of one of the most important truths extant, and join the U. Z. Society.
EDITORIAL NOTICES.
^ 5* Please to ask for “ The Earth— not a Globe— Review,” at all Newsagents,
Reading Rooms, and Railway Bookstalls. To be had direct from the Hon. Sec.
post free, to any address in the postal union for lod. per year, in advance.
All monies for the Society must be paid direct to the local Vice-Secretaries, or
direct to the Hon. Secretary and Treasurer, Jno. Williams. Post Office Orders
to be made payable at Sumner Street, S. E.
Owing to pressure in business matters we have been unable to notice the
criticisms on “ Bible Astronomy” in Zion's Watch Tower, or Mr. Hope’s
statements, but we hope to attend to them in our next issue.
“ The Earth not a Globe,” by “ Parallax,” uncut, ij/- Address to Hon. Sec,
Zetetic’s desirous of obtaining books “ out of print,” (or in print either) should
communicate with the Hon. Sec., who is identified with a system of enquiry for
obtaining the same.
We trust "that friends will forward us all the information they possibly can f
upon the subjects suited to this Journal.
I t is with deep regret that we announce the decease of our esteemed and
invaluable friend M r s . B E SSIE IR V IN G , of Belfast, who fell asleep in
Jesus, July 15th, 1895. Aged 50 Years.
She was a Zetetic of no mean calibre, and her beautiful model of the
World, which can be seen at the Y .W .C .I., Belfast, is proof positive of
her deep philosophical intelligence.
She was accomplished in Botany and other Sciences and learned in
the Greek and Latin tongues with an acquaintance of French and German.
Her Scriptural Knowledge was very great.
She was the First Hon. Sec. to the Prison Gata Mission in Belfast,
and done a great deal to the Glory of God in that good cause.
Thank God we know that our loss is her gain, for to be :—
^'■Absent from the body'' is to be "Present with the Lord."
THE
a 8L 0B E-^E Y IE W .
When the inajestic form o f Truth stands before the bar o f justice,
that hideous monster. E rror, hangs its head in nlence.
A Sectional View of the World as a Plane.
No. 6 (N e w S e r ie s ) . J A N U A R Y , 1896. P r ic e 2 d ."
“ UNIVERSAL G RAVITATION, A PURE
A S S U M P T IO N .”
B y L eo C a st l e .
. ' No. II.
Dedicated to th e E d ito r of Rkynoldi’s K'kwspapbb.
The Earth— not a Globe— Keview, in order to convince us that the world is
flat quotes some comments we made in these columns on the subject. The editor
begins a series of articles, in the first of which are some interesting, extracts with
the view of’proving that there is no such thing as the law of gravitation. So far
he has not reached the point any further than by showing that gravitation is
merely a probability. O f course it is merely an assumption, which explains the
largest number of results, and science can go no further.— Reynolds's Newspaper,
October 6th, 1895!
W e are pleased to see that our friend— the Editor o f Reynolds's
Newspaper— has taken a step backward, viz., from “ the fact of
gravitation,” to the definite and undeniable groundwork of that
theory, viz., “ O F C O U R S E I T IS M E R E L Y A N A S S U M P ­
T I O N .'’ O f course it is Sir, and nothing else ! A n d being “ merely
an assumption’' it cannot “ explain the largest number o f results,” in
fact it cannot explain any at all, for that which does not exist in fact,
cannot explain results. Even the opponents o f Christianity declare,
“ Agreement is only possible when the conclusions arrived at are the
result o f experience and observation, about whose v e r i f i c a t i o n there
is no doubt.” — Freethinker, O ct. i6th, i8g2. p. 659.
■But the E ditor o f Reynolds's Newspaper speaks again ;—
t Mr. H ., Sims Writes tp me a letter on the Flat or Round Globe controversy, in
which he contends, and quite correctly, that if the Bible can be believed the