Cell Organelles

Eukaryotic Cells
Cell Parts
• Cells – the basic unit
of life
• Organelles - small
structures inside a
cell with specific
functions.
A) Cell Membrane/Plasma
Membrane

Cell
membran
e

1. Function: Regulates materials entering and

exiting the cell.
2. Structure: Two layers of phospholipids, proteins
B) Cytoplasm
Cytoplasm

1. Function: All cell contents that lie between the cell

membrane and the nucleus. (organelles + cytosol)
a. Cytosol = liquid portion/non-organelles.

2. Structure: made up of fluid and organelles except for

nucleus
C) Nucleus
Nucleus

1. Function: “Control Center.” Regulates DNA &

RNA actions.
2. Structure: membrane bound, contains DNA
D) Nuclear Envelope
Nuclear
Envelope

1. Function: Regulates what enters or exits the

nucleus.
2. Structure: Double Layer of Lipids
E) Nucleolus
Nucleolus

1. Function: Produces RNA, which are used to

make all proteins.
2. Structure: Inside Nucleus, separate from DNA
F) DNA – Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA (chromatin)

1. Function: information on how to make

proteins.
a. Chromatin – unorganized DNA (normal state)
b. Chromosomes – organized DNA (present before
cell division
2. Structure: Made up of nucleotides, locked in
the nucleus
 G) Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Smooth ER

1. Function: Transportation route for proteins.

a. Rough ER: has ribosomes
b. Smooth ER: no ribosomes
2. Structure: tubes and channels
 H) Ribosomes

Ribosomes

Free
Ribosomes

1. Function: Makes proteins.

2. Structure: small circular organelles
I) Vacuoles & Vesicles

Vesicles

1. Function: Storage for water, nutrients or

waste.
2. Structure: small membrane-bound organelle.
 J) Lysosomes

Lysosomes

1. Function: packets of enzymes that break

down materials in a cell.
2. Structure: Small membrane-bound organelles
K) Mitochondria
Mitochondria

1. Function: Produce energy for the cell – site of

cellular respiration. “The Powerhouse”
2. Structure: Double membrane-bound, kidney
shaped.
L) Golgi Apparatus

Golgi
Apparatus

1. Function: Packages, labels and ships proteins

out of the cell.
2. Structure: Pancake-shaped layered organelle
M) Cytoskeleton
Microfilaments

Microtubules

1. Function: Provide support and structure for

the cell.
a. Microfilaments
b. Microtubules
2. Structure: Tubules
N) Centrioles (Animals Only)
Centrioles

1. Function: microtubules that help divide the

cell during cell division.
• Structure: Tubules
O) Cilia & Flagella
Flagella Cilia
Flagella

1. Function: provides movement for the cell or

objects moving by the cell.
2. Structure:
a. Flagella – 1 long fiber
b. Cilia – many short fibers
P) Chloroplasts (Plants only)
Chloroplasts

1. Function: site of photosynthesis (converting

sun and CO2 into sugar).
2. Structure: Membrane bound organelles that
contain chlorophyll
 Q) Cell Wall (Plant cells only)
Cell Wall

1. Function: Provides support for the cell and

the plant.
2. Structure: Made of cellulose
THANK YOU