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The document describes the cranial nerves by number, name, exit point from the brain, sensory or motor modality, and function. It lists the 12 cranial nerves, specifying their modality as general somatic afferent, general visceral afferent, special somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, general somatic efferent, general visceral efferent, or special visceral efferent. It also outlines each nerve's functions and the structures they innervate.
The document describes the cranial nerves by number, name, exit point from the brain, sensory or motor modality, and function. It lists the 12 cranial nerves, specifying their modality as general somatic afferent, general visceral afferent, special somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, general somatic efferent, general visceral efferent, or special visceral efferent. It also outlines each nerve's functions and the structures they innervate.
The document describes the cranial nerves by number, name, exit point from the brain, sensory or motor modality, and function. It lists the 12 cranial nerves, specifying their modality as general somatic afferent, general visceral afferent, special somatic afferent, special visceral afferent, general somatic efferent, general visceral efferent, or special visceral efferent. It also outlines each nerve's functions and the structures they innervate.
Midbrain – the trochlear nerve (IV) comes from the posterior side of the midbrain.
n. It has the longest intracranial length
of all the cranial nerves. Midbrain-pontine junction – oculomotor (III). Pons – trigeminal (V). Pontine-medulla junction – abducens, facial, vestibulocochlear (VI-VIII). Medulla Oblongata – posterior to the olive: glossopharyngeal, vagus, accessory (IX-XI). Anterior to the olive: hypoglossal (XII).
Sensory (afferent) Modalities:
General somatic AFFERENT (GSA) – general sensation from skin. General visceral AFFERENT (GVA) – general sensation from viscera. Special somatic AFFERENT (SSA) – senses derived from ectoderm (sight, sound, balance). Special visceral AFFERENT (SVA) – senses derived from endoderm (taste). Motor (efferent) Modalities: General somatic EFFERENT (GSE) – skeletal muscles. General visceral EFFERENT (GVE) – smooth muscles of gut and autonomic motor. Special visceral EFFERENT (SVE) – muscles derived from pharyngeal arches. Number Name Exit Modality Function 1 (CNI) Olfactory Cribriform plate Sensory Smell (SVA) 2 (CNII) Optic Optic canal Sensory Vision (SSA) 3 (CNIII) Oculomotor Superior orbital Motor GSM: 4 extrinsic eye muscles and levator fissure (GSE & GVE) palpebrae superioris. GVM: pupillary sphincter 4 (CNIV) Trochlear Superior orbital Motor Superior oblique fissure (GSE) 5 (CNV) Trigeminal: Ophthalmic Superior orbital GSA Scalp, forehead and nose. fissure Maxillary F. rotundum GSA Cheeks, lower eye lid, nasal mucosa, upper lip, upper teeth and palate. Mandibular F. ovale GSA GSS: anterior 2/3 tongue, skin over SVE mandible and lower teeth. SVM: muscles of mastication. 6 (CNVI) Abducens Superior orbital Motor Lateral rectus fissure (GSE) 7 (CNVII) Facial Internal acoustic Both: GSS: sensation to part of ext. ear. meatus > GSA SVS: taste from ant. 2/3 tongue, hard and stylomastoid f. SVAP soft palate. GSE GVE GSM: muscles of facial expression.
GVM: lacrimal, submandibular, sublingual
glands and mucous glands of mouth and nose. 8 (CNVIII) Vestibulocochlear Internal acoustic Sensory Hearing and balance meatus (SSA) 9 (CNIX) Glossopharyngeal Jugular f. Both: GSS: post. 1/3 tongue, ext. ear, and GSA middle ear cavity. GVA GVS: carotid body and sinus. SVA GVE SVS: taste from post. 1/3 tongue. SVE GVM: parotic gland. SVM: stylopharyngeus 10(CNX) Vagus Jugular f. Both: GSS: ext. ear, larynx and pharynx. GSA GVS: larynx, pharynx and, thoracic & GVA abdominal viscera. SVA GVE SVS: taste from epiglottis region of tongue SVE GVM: smooth muscles of pharynx, larynx and most of the GIT.
SVM: most muscles of pharynx and larynx.
11 (CNXI) Spinal accessory Jugular f. Motor GSM: trapezius and sternocleidomastoid. (GSE & SVE) SVM: a few fibres run with CNX to viscera. 12 (CNXII) Hypoglossal Hypoglossal canal Motor Intrinsic and extrinsic tongue muscles (GSE) (except the palatoglossus).
Kenneth Dean Austin v. Howard Ray, Warden, Jackie Brannon Correctional Center and Attorney General of The State of Oklahoma, 124 F.3d 216, 10th Cir. (1997)