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Published at http://gtrebaol.free.fr/doc/catia/spur_gear.html
Created by Gildas Trébaol on June 10, 2005.
Part design rebuilt on October 31, 2005.
Tutorial rewritten on April 9, 2007.
Zipped part: spur_gear.zip (100 KB).
Zipped demo: spur_gears.zip (800 KB).
VRML gear: spur_gear.wrl (330 KB).
This tutorial shows how to make a basic gear that you can freely re-use in your assemblies.
Here is a table containing the parameters and formulas used later in this tutorial:
z The table is given first so that you can use it for further copy/paste operations.
z All the units are defined in the metric system.
z This figure shows the a , ra , rb , rf , rp parameters defined in the table:
# Parameter Type or unit Formula Description Name in French
angular Pressure angle: technologic constant
1 a 20deg Angle de pression.
degree (10deg ≤ a ≤ 20deg)
2 m millimeter — Modulus. Module.
3 Z integer — Number of teeth (5 ≤ Z ≤ 200). Nombre de dents.
Pitch of the teeth Pas de la denture sur une
4 p millimeter m*π
on a straight generative rack. crémaillère génératrice rectiligne.
Circular tooth thickness, Epaisseur d'une dent
5 e millimeter p/2
measured on the pitch circle. mesurée sur le cercle primitif.
Addendum = height of a tooth
6 ha millimeter m Saillie d'une dent.
above the pitch circle.
if m > 1.25 Dedendum = depth of a tooth below Creux d'une dent. Plus grand
7 hf millimeter hf = m * 1.25 the pitch circle. Proportionnally greater en proportion pour un
else hf = m * 1.4 for a small modulus (≤ 1.25 mm). petit module (≤ 1.25 mm).
8 rp millimeter m*Z/2 Radius of the pitch circle. Rayon du cercle primitif.
9 ra millimeter rp + ha Radius of the outer circle. Rayon du cercle de tête.
10 rf millimeter rp - hf Radius of the root circle. Rayon du cercle de fond.
11 rb millimeter rp * cos( a ) Radius of the base circle. Rayon du cercle de base.
Radius of the root concave corner. Congé de raccordement à la racine
12 rc millimeter m * 0.38
(m * 0.38) is a normative formula. d'une dent. (m * 0.38) vient de la norme.
floating point Sweep parameter Paramètre de balayage
13 t 0≤t≤1
number of the involute curve. de la courbe en développante.
Y coordinate Coordonnée Y du profil de dent
rb * ( sin(t * π) -
14 yd millimeter of the involute tooth profile, en développante de cercle,
cos(t * π) * t * π )
generated by the t parameter. généré par le paramètre t.
rb * ( cos(t * π) + Z coordinate Coordonnée Z du profil de dent
15 zd millimeter
sin(t * π) * t * π ) of the involute tooth profile. en développante de cercle.
Radius of the osculating circle of Rayon du cercle osculateur à la courbe
16 ro millimeter rb * a * π / 180deg
the involute curve, on the pitch circle. en développante, sur le cercle primitif.
17 c
angular sqrt( 1 / cos( a )2 - 1 ) / Angle of the point of the involute Angle du point de la développante à
degree PI * 180deg that intersects the pitch circle. l'intersection avec le cercle primitif
angular atan( yd(c) / zd(c) ) + Rotation angle used for making a Angle de rotation pour obtenir un
18 phi
degree 90deg / Z gear symetric to the ZX plane roue symétrique par rapport au plan ZX
Formule N°12:
z Entre le cercle de pied et les flancs des dents,
prévoir un petit congé de raccordement pour atténuer l'usure en fatigue.
Formule N°16:
z Pour simplifier le dessin d'un engrenage, on peut éventuellement
remplacer la développante de cercle par un arc de cercle.
The osculating circle of a curve at a point Le cercle osculateur à une courbe en un point
shares with the curve at that point: partage avec la courbe en ce point:
z A common tangent line z Une même tangente
st
(continuity of the 1 derivative). (continuité au 1erdegré).
z A common radius of curvature z Un même rayon de courbure
nd
(continuity of the 2 derivative). (continuité au 2nd degré).
z Cercle osculateur à la courbe développante au niveau du diamètre primitif:
{ L'angle de la dévelopante est égal à l'angle de pression a .
{ Le rayon du cercle osculateur est donc: ro = rb * a * π / 180 .
Formule N°17:
z En réalité, la développante est déphasée par rapport à la figure ci dessus.
z Pour exprimer ce déphasage, on calcule le paramètre angulaire c au point où la développante coupe le cercle primitif.
z On a alors:
{ zd(c)2 + yd(c)2 = rp2
{ rb2 * ( 1 + c2 ) = rp2
{ cos(a)2 * ( 1 + c2 ) = 1
{ c2 = 1/cos(a)2 - 1
z Switch to the Generative Shape Design workshop and click on the f(x) button:
z Set the following option in order to display the values and formulas of each parameter:
z Now your tree should display the following parameters and their formulas:
We could as well define a set of parameters Y0 , Z0 , Y1 , Z1 , … for the coordinates of the involute's points.
However, Catia provides a more convenient tool for doing that: the parametric laws.
In order to create a parametric law:
z click on the fog button:
z Enter the formulas #14 and #15 of the 2 laws used for the
Y and Z coordinates of the involute curve:
{ yd = rb * ( sin( t * PI * 1rad ) - cos( t * PI * 1rad ) * t * PI )
{ zd = rb * ( cos( t * PI * 1rad ) + sin( t * PI * 1rad ) * t * PI )
z
5.2 Insert a set of 5 constructive points and connect them with a spline
The position of each point is defined by the yd(t) and zd(t) parametric laws:
z Define 5 points on the YZ plane.
z In order to apply the involute formulas, edit the Y and Z coordinate of each point
and enter the values of the parameter from t = 0 to t = 0.4
(most gears do not use the involute spiral beyond 0.4)
z For example, for the Y coordinate of the involute's point corresponding to t = 0.2 :
Now, we can rotate the extrapolated curve, so that the first gear tooth is symetric relative to the ZX plane:
z We use the formula #18 for computing the phi rotation angle in 2 steps:
1. The curve is rotated by atan( yd(c) / zd(c) ) so that the intersection between the involute
and the pitch circle (the red point on the figure) is moved to the ZX plane.
2. Then, curve is rotated by ¼ of the gear period: 90deg / Z (the left lime point on the figure),
so that the ZX plane corresponds to the median plane of the first tooth.
z A rotation operation is applied to the extrapolated spline, using the phi rotation angle:
5.6 Draw the outer circle and the root circle
z The corner between the extrapolated involute curve and the root circle has a radius defined by the rc parameter.
z Catia asks you to select an arc (in red) out of 4 possible geometric solutions (in blue):
5.8 Create the rounded corner of the next tooth
z But then, the generated profile was interrupted between each tooth by a fake edge:
z For preventing that, I build now the whole profile between consecutive teeth on the root circle:
Now, we have to cut, fill and join the different elements of the 1st tooth:
z Cut the segment of the extrapolated spline between the outer circle and the rounded corner.
z Define a symmetric profile relative to the ZX plane, for the other side of the 1st tooth:
z We could cut the root circle and the outer circle,
but instead we define two arcs having a radius equal to rf and ra , respectively:
z The last operation consists in joining all the elements of the 1st tooth:
6. Build the whole gear profile and extrude it
The gear profile is just a circular repetition of the tooth:
z We define a repetition around the X axis.
z The number of instances is controlled by the Z parameter (number of teeth):
z The first tooth and the duplicated teeth are joined for making the whole gear profile:
z Now, we can switch back to the part design workshop (see the green arrow) and extrude the gear profile:
7. Cut the gear wheel
The gear wheel is cut after the extrusion, because each application requires a specific wheel thickness:
z In a real factory, the teeth of the gear would be machined after the gear wheel is cut on a lathe.
z In a CAD design, it is simpler to make the gear wheel with a groove, after the extrusion of the teeth.
z That wheel design is semi-parametric: the external diameter and the 20deg chamfer are dependent of ra ,
but the bore diameter and the thickness are adjusted manually on the sketch:
z Now, you can add pocket(s) for transmitting the torque between the gear wheel and a key or a splined shaft.