Root Meaning in English Origin language

ab-, a-, abs-, au- [1] away from Latin

acer-, acri- bitter, sharp, sour Latin
acet- sour, vinegar Latin
acid- acidic, sour Latin
acr- height, summit, tip Greek

acu-, acut- sharp, pointed Latin

movement to or toward; in
ad-, a-, ac-, af-, ag-,al-, am-, an-, ap-,ar-, as-, at- [2] Latin
addition to

adip- fat Latin

aero- air, atmosphere Greek

aesth- feeling, sensation Greek

aether-, ether- upper pure, bright air Greek

aev-, ev- age Latin

ag-, -ig-, act- do, go, move Latin

ag-, -agogue lead Greek

agri-, -egri- field Latin

agro- field Greek
alac- cheerful Latin
alb- dull white Latin

alg- pain Greek

ali-, alter- other Latin

all- other Greek
alt- high, deep Latin
am-, amat- love, liking Latin
ami-, amic-, imic- friend Latin
ambi-, am-, amb-,amb
both, on both sides Latin
o-, an-
ambul- to walk Latin
 both, on both sides of,
amph-, amphi- Greek
both kinds
ample, abundant,
ampl- Latin
bountiful, large
an-, a-, am-, ar- not, without Greek
ana-, am-, an- again, against, back, up Greek
andr- (ΑΝΕΡ[3]) male, masculine Greek
anem- wind Greek
anim- breath, life, spirit Latin
ann-, -enn- year, yearly Latin
against, opposed to,
ant-, anti- Greek
preventive

ante-, anti- [4] before, in front of, prior to;

Latin
old
anth- flower Greek

anthrac- coal Greek

anthrop- human Greek

away from, separate, at

ap-, apo- Greek
the farthest point

aper- open Latin

aqu- water Latin

ara- plow, till Latin

arbit- judge Latin

arcan- box Latin

arch-, arche-,archi- ruler Greek

archae-, arche- ancient Greek

Relating to the North Pole

arct- or the region near it; Greek
relating to cold
ard- heat, glow, passion Latin
ardu- difficult Latin
argent- silver Latin
aret- virtue Greek
arid- be dry Latin
arist- excellence Greek
art- art, skill Latin
arthr- joint Greek
asin- ass Latin
asper- rough Latin

aster-, astr- star, star-shaped Greek

athl- prize Greek

gathered or lumped
-athroid- Greek
together

audac- daring Latin

audi- hearing, listening, sound Latin

aug-, auct- grow, increase Latin

relating to gold, or gold-

aur- Latin
colored
auri-, aus- relating to the ear Latin

aut-, auto- self; directed from within Greek

av- desire Latin

avi-, au- bird Latin

axi- merit Greek

axi- axis Latin

axon- axis, axle Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

ab
ācer, ācris, acerbus, acere
acētum
acidus
ἄκρος (ákros) "high", "extreme"

acutus, past participle of acuere "to sharpen", from acus "needle"

ad "to", "toward"

adeps, adipis "fat"
ἀήρ, ἀέρος (āḗr, āéros) "air"

αἰσθητός (aisthētós), αἰσθητικός(ai

sthētikós) "of sense perception"
fromαἰσθάνεσθαι (aisthánesthai)
"to perceive"

αἴθειν (aíthein), αἰθήρ (aithḗr)

aevum

agere, actus

ἄγειν (ágein) (cognate with

Latin agere),ἀγωγός (agōgós)
ager, agris "field, country"
ἀγρός (agrós)
alacer
albus
ἄλγος (álgos),
ἀλγεινός, ἀλγεῖν (algeîn),ἄλγησις (
álgēsis)
alius
ἄλλος (állos)
altus, altitudo
amāre, amatus, amor
amicus

ambi

ambulare
ἀμφί (amphí) "on both sides"

amplus

Greek ἀν-/ἀ- "not"

ἀνά (aná)
ἀνήρ, ἀνδρός (anḗr, andrós)
ἄνεμος (ánemos)
anima "breath"
annus "year"

ἀντί (antí) "against"

ante "before", "against"; see

also antiquus"old"
ἄνθος (ánthos)

ἄνθραξ, ἄνθρακος (ánthraks, ánthrakos)

ἄνθρωπος (ánthrōpos) "man"

ἀπό (apó) "from, away, un-, quite", sometimes "changed, switched"

aperire

aqua

ărāre
arbiter (from ad "to" + baetere "to
come, go")
arcanus
ἄρχειν (árchein), ἄρχων
(árchōn), ἀρχή(archḗ) "rule" (in
compounds: ἀρχε-, ἀρχι-)
ἀρχαῖος (arkhaîos) "ancient"
from ἀρχή(arkhḗ) "beginning"

ἄρκτος (árktos) "bear", ἀρκτικός (arktikós)

ardere "to burn", arsus

arduus "high, steep"
argentum
ἀρετή (aretḗ)
ārēre "be dry or parched"
ἄριστος (áristos)
ars, artis
ἄρθρον (árthron)
asinus
asper "rough"
ἀστήρ,
ἀστέρος (astḗr, astéros), ἄστρον(á
stron) "star"

ἆθλος (áthlos) "contest, feat", ἄεθλος

ἀθροίζειν (athroízein) "to gather together"

audax "brave, bold, daring",

from audere"to dare"

audire "to hear"

augēre, auctus "to increase"

aurum "gold"

auris "ear"

αὐτός (autós) "self", "same"

avere "crave, long for"
avis

ἄξιος (áxios) "worth", ἀξίωμα (axíōma)

axis
ἄξων, ἄξονος (áxōn, áxonos)
 English examples

abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstraction, aversion

acerbic, acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, exacerbate
acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, acetum, triacetate
acidiferous, acidity, acidosis, acidulation, acidulous
acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia, acropolis, acrostic

acerose, acupuncture, acumen, acute, acutifoliate

accept, accurate, adapt, affect, agglomerate, aggrandize,aggregate, aggression, annecte

nt, approximate, ascend

adipocellular, adipose
aerobic, aerodynamic, aeronautics, aeroplane, aerorrhachia, aerosol, aerotitis

aesthesia, aesthesis, aesthete, aesthetics, anaesthetic, synesthesia

ether, ethereal, etheric, hypaethros
age, coeval, eon, eternal, longevity, medieval, primeval

act, action, agenda, agent, agile, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, cogent, cogitate, cogitation, excogitate, mitigate, navigate

agony, antagonist, antagonize, demagogue, pedagogue, pedagogy, strategy, synagogue

agriculture, peregrine
agroforestry, agronomy
alacrity, allegro
albedo, albino, albumen

analgesic, arthralgia, neuralgia, nostalgia

alias, alibi, alien, alter, alternate, altruism

allograph, allophone, parallax
altimeter, altitude
amateur, amatory, amenity, amorous, enamoured
amiable, amicable, amity, enemy, enmity, inimical
ambidexterity, ambient, ambiguous, ambit, ambition, ambivalent, amboceptor, amputation,
ancipital, andante
ambulance, ambulatory, preamble
amphibian, amphibolic, amphitheatre, amphoterism

ample, amplify, amplitude

anaerobic, anhydrous, ambrosia, arrhythmia, atheism, atypical

anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anarrhexis, anion, anode
androgen, android, polyandrous, polyandry
anemograph, anemometer, anemone, anemophilous, anemophobia, anemotropism
animal, animation
anniversary, annual, centennial, millennium, perennial

antagonist, antagonize, antibiotic, antipodes, antirrhinum

antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian, antiquated, antique, antiquity

anther, anthology

anthracite, anthracycline, anthrax

anthropology, anthroposophy, anthropomorphic, misanthrope, philanthropy

aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate

aperient, apéritif, aperitive, aperture, overt, overture, pert

acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamarine, aquarelle,aquarium, Aquarius,

aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, gouache, semiaquatic

arability, arable, aration, aratory, exarate, exaration, inarable, nonarable

arbiter, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitration

arcane, arcanum

anarchy, archangel, archetype, architect, archon, autarchism, autarchy, exarch, monarchy,

oligarchy, patriarchy, polyarchy, synarchy, triarchy

archaeology, archaic, archaism

Antarctic, arctic, Arctic Ocean, palearctic

ardent, ardor, arson

arduous
argent, Argentina
aretaic, arete
arid
aristocracy, aristocrat
artifact, artifice, artificial, artificiality, artisan, inert, inertia
arthritic, arthritis, arthropod, arthroscopic, arthrosis
asinine, ass, easel
asperity, exasperate

aster, asterisk, asteroid, astrology, astronomy, astronaut, diasterismgeaster, monaster

athlete, athletic, decathlon, pentathlon, triathlon

epiathroid, hypoathroid

audacious, audacity

audible, audio, audiology, audit, audition, auditorium, auditory

auction, augend, augment, augmentation, augur, augury, august, author, auxiliary,

inauguration

aureate, aureole

aural, auricle, aurinasal, auscultate, auscultation

autarchy, authentic, autism, autocracy, autograph, automatic, autonomy

avarice, avaricious, avarous, ave, avid, avidity

auspice, auspicious, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator

axiology, axiom, axiomatic

axis, axisymmetry
axon, axonography, axonometric
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

bac- rod-shaped Latin

bal-, bel-,bol-(ΒΑΛ[5]) throw Greek

bapt-(ΒΑΦ[6]) dip Greek

bar- weight,pressure Greek

basi-, bas- at the bottom Greek

bath- deep, depth Greek

be-, beat- bless Latin

bell-, belli- war Latin
ben- good, well Latin
bi-, bin-,bis- two Latin
bib- drink Latin

bibl- book Greek

bio-, bi- life Greek

blast- germ, embryo, bud, cell with nucleus
Greek

blenn- slime Greek

bon- good Latin

bore- north Latin from Greek

botan- plant Greek

bov-, bu- cow, ox Latin

brachi-,brachio- arm Latin
brachi-,brachio-,brach arm
Greek
ion-,brachioni-

brachy- short Greek

brady-,bradys- slow Greek

branchi- gill Greek

brev- brief, short (time) Latin
bromat-,bromato-,bro
food Greek
ma-,bromo-

brom- oats Greek

brom- stench Greek

bronch- windpipe Greek

bront-,bronto- thunder Greek
bucc- cheek,mouth, cavity Latin
bulb- bulbous Latin
bull- bubble,flask Latin
burs- pouch,purse Latin

cac-, kak- bad Greek

cad-,-cid-, cas- fall Latin

caed,-cid-,caes-,-cis- cut, kill Latin

cal-, call- beautiful Greek

cal- call Latin

cal- heat Latin

calc- stone Latin and Greek

cale-, cle- call Greek

calv-,calum- trick, lie, deceive Latin

calyp- cover Greek

camer- vault Latin

camisi- shirt Latin

camp- field Latin

can- dog Latin

can- reed, rod Greek

can-,-cin-,cant-,-cent- sing Latin

cand-,cend- glowing, iridescent Latin

cap-,-cip-,capt-,-cept- hold, take Latin

capit-,-cipit- head Latin

capr- goat Latin

caps- box, case Latin

carbon- coal Latin

carcer- jail Latin

carcin- cancer (disease) Latin from Greek

cardi- heart Greek

cardin- hinge Latin

carn- flesh Latin

carp- fruit Greek

carp- wrist Greek

cast- pure, cut Latin

cata-, cat- down, against, back Greek
caten- chain Latin
cathar- pure Greek
caud- tail Latin
caus-,-cus- cause or motive Latin

caust-,caut- burn Greek

cav- hollow Latin

ced-,cess- move, yield, go, surrender Latin

cel- hide Latin

celer- quick Latin
cen-,caen- new Greek
cen- empty Greek
cen-,coen- common Greek
cens- to assess Latin
cent- hundred Latin
centen- hundred each Latin
centesim- hundredth Latin

centr- center Greek

centri- center Latin

cephal- head Greek

ceram- clay Greek

cerat- horn Greek
cern-,cer- sift Latin

cervic- relating to the neck, relating to the cervix
Latin

ceter- other Latin

chir- of the hand or hands Greek
chelon- relating to aturtle Greek
chlor- green Greek
chondr- cartilage Greek

chore- relating todance Greek

chord- cord Latin and Greek

chrom- color Greek

chron- time Greek
chrys- gold Greek
cili- eyelash Latin
ciner- ash Latin
cing-,cinct- gird Latin
circ- circle, ring Latin
circum- around Latin
cirr- orange Greek
cirr- curl, tentacle Latin
cit- call, start Latin
civ- citizen Latin
clad- branch Greek
clam- cry out Latin
clar- clear Latin
clast- broken Greek
claud-,-clud-,claus-,-
close, shut Latin
clus-

clav- key Greek

cleist- closed Greek

cleithr- bar, key Greek
clement- mild Latin
clin- bed Greek
clin- lean, recline Latin
cochl- snail, spiralshell Greek
coel- hollow Greek
col- strain Latin
coll- hill Latin
coll- neck Latin
color- color Latin
comi- friendly, kind Latin
con-, co-,col-, com-, c
with, together Latin
or-
con- cone Greek
condi- season Latin
contra- against Latin
copi- plenty Latin
copr- dung Greek
copul- bond Latin
cor-,cord- heart Latin
corac- raven Greek

cori- hide, leather Latin

corn- horn Latin
coron- crown Latin
corp-,corpor- body Latin
cortic- bark Latin
cosm- universe Greek
the art of dress and
cosmet- Greek
ornament
cost- rib Latin
cotyl- cup Greek
government, rule,
-cracy,-crat Greek
authority
crani- skull Greek
crass- thick Latin
crea- make Latin

cred- believe, trust Latin

crep- boot, shoe Greek

cresc- grow, rise Latin

cribr- sieve Latin

cric- ring Greek
crisp- curled Latin
crist- crest Latin
crit-,crisi- judge, separate Greek
cross- fringe, tassel Greek
cruc- cross Latin
crur- leg, shank Latin
-cry wail, shriek Latin

crypt- hidden Greek

cten- comb Greek

cub- cube Greek
cub- lie Latin
culin- kitchen Latin
culp- blame, fault Latin
cune- wedge Latin
cur- care for Latin

curr-,curs- run, course Latin

curv- bent Latin

cuspid- lance, point Latin

cult-, col- cultivate, till, inhabit Latin
cut- skin Latin
cyan- blue Greek

cycl- circular Greek

cylind- roll Greek

cyn- dog Greek

cyst- capsule Greek

cyt- cell Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

baculum

βάλλειν (bállein), βολή(bolḗ),

βλῆμα (blêma)

βάπτειν (báptein), βάμμα (bámma)

βαρύς (barús/barýs),βάρος (báros)

βάσις (básis) "step",

from βαίνειν (baínein), "I walk,
march"
βαθύς (bathús/bathýs),βάθος (báth
os)
beare, beatus
bellum, belli
bene (adverb)
bis, "twice"; bini, "in twos"
bibere, bibitus
βίβλος (bíblos), βιβλίον(biblíon)
"book"
βιοῦν (bioûn), βίος (bíos) "life",
βιωτός (biōtós), βιωτικός (biōtikós),
βίωσις (bíōsis)

βλαστάνειν (blastánein), "I put forth shoots", βλαστός (blastós), βλάστημα (blástēma)

βλέννος (blénnos)
bonus
borealis "northern"
fromΒορέας (Boreas) "the north
wind"

βοτάνη, βότανον (botánē, bótanon), βοτανικός

bos (genitive bovis) "ox, cow"
bracchium
βραχίων (brakhíōn)

βραχύς (brakhús,brakhýs)
βραδύς (bradús,bradýs), βράδος(b
rádos)
βράγχιον (brágkhion,bránkhion)
brevis, breviare

βρῶμα (brōma)

βρόμος, βρόμη (brómos,brómē) "oats"

βρῶμος (brōmos) "stench, clangor"

βρόγχος (brógkhos,brónkhos)
βροντή (brontḗ)
bucca
bulbus
bullire, bulla
bursa

κακός (kakós), κάκιστος (kákistos)

cadere, casus
caedere,caesus
καλός (kalós)
"beautiful";κάλλος (kállos) "beauty",
κάλλιστος (kállistos)
calare

calere, calor"heat"

from Latin calx(genitive calcis)

"lime", from Greek χάλιξ(khalix)
"pebble", "limestone"

καλέειν/καλεῖν(kaléein/kaleîn), κλῆσις (klēsis), κλητός (klētós)

calumnia"slander, trickery",
fromcalvi "to trick, deceive"

καλύπτειν(kalúptein), καλυπτός (kaluptós), κάλυξ (kálux)

camera
camisia

campus "field", "level ground"

canis
κάννα (kánna), κανών (kanṓn)

canere, cantus

candere "to be white or glisten"

capere, captus"take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds)

caput, capitis

caper (genitivecapri) "goat",

also capreolus"wild goat"
capsa

carbo, carbonis

carcer,carcerare,cancelli

Latin from Greek καρκίνος(karkínos) "crab"

καρδιά (kardía)

cardo, cardinis

caro, carnis

καρπός(karpós) "fruit"

καρπός(karpós) "wrist"
castrare andcastus, fromkes- (to
cut)
κατά (katá) "down, against, back"
catena
καθαρός(katharós)
cauda
causa

καίειν (kaíein), καυστός/καυτός (kaustós), καυστικός

cavus

cedere, cessus

celare "to hide"
celer, celerare
καινός (kainós)
κενός (kenós)
κοινός (koinós)
censere
centum
centeni
centesimus

κέντρον(kéntron) "needle", "spur"

centrum

κεφαλή(kephalḗ)

κέραμος(keramos)
κέρας (keras),κέρατος(keratos)
cernere "to sift, separate"

cervix, cervicis"neck"

ceterus
χείρ (kheir) "hand"
χελώνη(khelōne) "tortoise"
χλωρός(khlōros)
χόνδρος(chondros)
χορεία (khoreia) "dancing in
unison" fromχορός (khoros)
"chorus"
chorda "rope" from χορδή(chordē)
χρῶμα(chrōma)
χρόνος(chronos)
χρυσός(khrusos)
cilium
cinis, cineris
cingere, cinctus
circulus, circus
circum
κιρρός (kirros)
cirrus
citare, frequentative ofciere
civis
κλάδος (klados)
clamare
clarus, clarare
κλαστός(klastos)

claudere,clausus

κλείς (kleis) "key" fromκλείειν,

(kleiein) "to close"
κλειστός(kleistos)
κλεῖϑρον(kleithron)
clemens,clementis
κλίνη (klinē)
-clinare
κόχλος(kochlos)
κοῖλος (koilos)
colare, colum
collis
collum
color
comis"courteous, kind"

cum (from older form quom)

κῶνος (kōnos)
condire
contra
copia
κόπρος(kópros)
copula "that which binds"
cor, cordis
κόραξ, κόρακος (korax,korakos)
corium, corii
cornu
corona,coronare
corpus, corporis
cortex, corticis
κόσμος(kosmos)
κοσμητική (kosmētikḗ) from
κόσμος (kόsmos)
costa
κοτύλη (kotulē)

κράτος (kratos)

κρανίον(kranion)
crassus
creare, creatus

credere,creditus

κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpis,krēpidos)

crescere

cribrum,cribrare
κρίκος (krikos)
crispus
crista
κρίνειν (krinein),κρίσις (krisis)
κροσσός(krossos)
crux, crucis
crus, cruris
critare, fromquiritare
κρύπτειν(kruptein) "to
hide", κρυπτός(kruptos)
κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos)
κύβος (kubos)
cubare
culina
culpa
cuneus
cura, curare

currere, cursus
curvus"crooked, curved",
fromcurvare "to bend"
cuspis, cuspidis
colere
cutis
κυανός(kuanos)

κύκλος (kúklos)

κυλίνδειν(kulíndein),κύλινδρος(kúli
ndros)

κύων, κυνός(kúōn, kunós)

κύστις (kustis)
κύτος (kutos)
 English examples

baculiform, baculum, bacteria

anabolic, anabolism, ball, ballista, ballistic, ballistospore, belomancy, belonephobia, bolide,

catabolic, catabolism, devil, diabolic, emblem, emblematic, embolic, embolism,
embolus, holometabolism, hyperbole, metabolism, parable, parabola, paraboloid, parle,
parley, problem, problematic, symbol, symbolic, symbolism, taurobolium,
thromboembolism

abaptiston, Anabaptist, baptism, baptize

barograph, barometer, barostat, barycentre,

barycentric, baryogenesis, baryon, barysphere, baryton,barytone, hyperbaric, hypobaric,
isobaric

base, basic, basis, basicranial, basioglossal, basirrhinal, basommatophoric, basolateral,

debase

batholith, bathophobia, bathos, bathymetry, bathyscaphe, bathysphere, isobathic

beatification
antebellum, bellicose, belligerent, rebellion
beneficence, benefit, benevolent, benign, benignant, benignity
bicycle, biennial, bifocal, bigamy, binary, binoculars, biscotti
bib, beer, beverage, imbibe
bible, bibliography

biodiversity, biography, biohazard, biology, biome, biometric, biosphere

blastema, blastochyle, blastocoele, blastula, ectoblast, endoblast,

entoblast, fibroblast, osteoblast, sideroblast

blennadenitis, blennophobia, blennosperma, blennorrhagia
bonify, bonitary

borealis

botanic, botanist, botanology, botany

beef, boor, bovine, bucinator muscle
brachiferous, brachial artery, brachiocubital
brachialgia, brachionerysipelas, brachionigraph, brachiorrhachidian, brachiosaurus

brachistochrone, brachycephaly, brachydactyly

bradycardia, bradysuria, bradytelic

branchiopneustic, branchiopod, nudibranch

abbreviate, brevextensor, brevicaudate, brevity, brief

bromatium, bromateccrisis, bromatherapy, bromatology, bromography

brome, Bromus, Bromus ramosus

bromate, bromide, bromine

bronchiole, bronchitis, bronchopneumonia, bronchus
Brontosaurus, brontology, brontophobia
buccal, buccilingual, buccolingual
bulbiform, bulbiparous, bulboartrial, bulborrhexis, bulbous, bulbule
bullectomy, bulliferous, ebullient, ebullism
bursa, bursalogy, bursar, bursary, bursectomy, bursiform, disburse

cachexia, cacodemon, cacography, cacophony, cacorrhacitis, kakistocracy

accident, cadaver, cadence, cascade, case, recidivism

caesura, excise, germicide, homicide, incisor, scissors

calisthenics, calligraphy, Callista, Callisto, calophyllous, kaleidoscope

calendar, claim, class, conciliate, conciliatory, council, intercalate, nomenclature

caldarium, caldera, calefacient, calefaction, calefactive, calefactory, calenture, calescent,

calid, calor, calore, caloric,calorie, calorifacient, calorific, calorigenic, calorimeter, caudle,
cauldron, chafe, chafery, chalder, chaldron, chaud-froid, chauffer, chauffeur, chauffeuse,
decalescence, decalescent, nonchalance, nonchalant, recalescence, scald

calcite, calcitrant, calcium, calculate, calculus, chalicothere, chalk, recalcitrant

ecclesia, Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastic, ecclesiology, ecclesiophobia, epiclesis, paraclete

calumnious, calumny, cavil, challenge

apocalypse, calyx, epicalyx, eucalyptus

antechamber, bicameral, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade,

concamerate, concameration, multicamera, tricameral, unicameral
camisade, camisado, Camisard, camisole, chemise
camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campicolous, campimetry,
campsite, campus, champion, decamp, encamp, encampment
canaille, canary, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major
cane, canister, canon, canonic

accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, canción, canorous, cant, cantabile, cantata,

cantation, cantatory, cantatrice, canticle, canticum, cantiga, cantilena,
cantillate, cantillation, cantion, canto, cantor, cantus, canzona,canzone,
Carmen, chanson, chansonnier, chant, chanteur, chanteuse, chanticleer, charm,
concent, descant,discant, discantus, disenchant, disenchantment, disencharm,
disincentive, enchant, enchantment, enchantress,incantation, incantational, incentive,
plainchant, precentor, recant, recantation, succentor, vaticinate, vaticination, vaticinator

candela, candid, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense

capable, capacious, captive, caption, captivate, capture, conception, except, forceps,

incipient, intercept, recipient

achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage,

cad, caddie, cadet, cape, capital, capitular, capitulate, capitulation, captain, chapter,
chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation,
occipital, occiput, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, recap, recapitulate,
sincipital,sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-
captaincy

cab, caper, caprice, Capricorn, caprine

capsule
arbonara, bicarbonate, carbon, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocar
bon
chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel

carcinogenic, carcinoma

cardiac, cardiograph, cardioid, cardiology, cardiomyopathy,

electrocardiogram, endocardium, epicardium, hemicardia, myocardium, pericardium

cardinal, cardinality, kern
carnage, carnal, carnality, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore,
carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate,
incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate,reincarnation

acarpous, angiocarpous, anisocarpic, Carpo, carpogonium, carpology, carpophagous,

carpophore, carpospore,cystocarp, endocarp, epicarp, mesocarp, monocarpic, pericarp, p
olycarpic, procarp, pseudocarp

carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome, carpus, metacarpus

caste, castigate, castrate, chaste, chastity, incest

catabolic, catacomb, catalyst, catarrhine, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation
catenary, concatenation
catharsis, cathartic
caudal, coda
accuse, because, causal, causative, cause, excuse

calm, catacaustic, caustic, cauter, cauterize, cautery, diacaustic, holocaust, hypocaust

cave, cavity, excavation
accede, cede, concede, precede, procedure, proceed, procession, recede, secede,
succeed, success
ceiling, clandestine, conceal, occult
acceleration, celerity
caenogastropod, caenogenesis, Cenozoic
cenotaph, kenosis
cenobite, coenesthesia, coenocyte
censure, census
cent, centennial, centurion, percent
centenarian, centenary
centesimal, centesimation

eccentric

central, center, concentrate, concentric, centrifugal, centripetal

acephalic, acephaly, anencephaly, autocephaly, brachiocephalic, brachycephalic,

cephalic, cephalomancy,cephalometry, cephalon,
cephalopagus, cephalopod, diencephalon, dolichocephalic, encephalitis, encephalogram,e
ncephalopathy, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, mesaticephalic,
mesencephalic, mesocephalic,metencephalon, microcephaly, myelencephalon,
neencephalon, paleencephalon, prosencephalon,rhombencephalon,
rhombencephalosynapsis, syncephalus, telencephalon

ceramic
keratin, triceratops
ascertain, certain, concern, concert, decree, discern, excrement, secern, secret

cervix, cervical

et cetera
chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera
chelonia
chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast
hypochondriasis

choreography, chorus
chordata, cord

chromatic, chrome, chromium, chromosome, monochrome, polychrome

anachronism, chronic, chronicle, chronology, chronometer, synchronize
chrysalis, chrysolite
cilia, supercilious
incineration
succinct
circle, circular, circulate, circus
circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe
cirrhosis
cirrus
citation, cite, excite, incite, solicit, solicitous
civic, civil, civilian, civility, civilization
clade
acclaim, claim, clamor, exclamation, proclamation, reclamation
clarity, clear, declaration
iconoclast, osteoclast
clause, claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, exclusive, include, occlusion, occult, recluse,
seclude

clavichord, clavicle, conclave

cleistogamy
cleithrum
clemency, inclement
clinic
decline, declination, incline, inclination, recline
cochlea
blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel
colander, coulee, percolate
colliculus
accolade, collar
coloration, coloratura, tricolor
comity

coagulate, collide, compress, connect, connote, contain, corrode, quondam

conic, conical, conoid

condiment
contraband, contraception, contradict, contraindicate, contrast, contravene
copious, copy, cornucopia
coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia
copula, copulation, couple
accord, cordial, core, concord, courage, discord, discordant, encourage, record
coracoid

excoriate
cornea, cornucopia, unicorn
corona, coronation
corporation, corporal, corporeal, corpse, corpulent, corpuscle, incorporate
cortical
cosmic, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan, cosmos, microcosm

cosmetics, cosmetology

costal
cotyledon

aristocracy, autocracy, bureaucracy, democracy, plutocracy, technocracy, theocracy

cranium
crassitude
creation, creature, creole, procreation, recreation
accreditation, credence, credentials, credibility, credible, credit, creditor, credo, credulity,
credulous, creed, discredit, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant

crepidoma

accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accrue, concrete, crescendo,

crescent, crew, decrease, increase, recruit, recruitment, surcrew
cribble, cribrate
cricoid
crepe, crispate
cristate
crisis, criterion, critic, critical, diacritic, endocrine, hypocrisy
crossopterygii
crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating
crural
cry, decry, descry
apocryphal, cryptic, cryptography

ctenophore
cubic, cuboid
incubation, succuba
culinary
culpable, culprit, exculpate
cuneiform
accurate, curative, curator, cure, curious, manicure, pedicure, secure, sinecure

concur, concurrent, corridor, courier, course, currency, current, cursive, cursor, cursory, discourse, excursion, incur, occur, recur,
cavort, curb, curvature, curve

bicuspid
colony, cult, cultivate, cultivation, culture
cutaneous, cuticle
cyanide

acyclic, anticyclone, anticyclonic, bicycle, cycle, cyclic, cycloid, cyclone, cyclops, cyclosis,
dicyclic, eccyclema,epicycle, epicycloid, hemicycle, hemicyclium, heterocyclic,
homocyclic, hypocycloid, isocyclic, mesocyclone, monocyclic, polycyclic, pseudocyclosis,
tetracyclic, tricycle, tricyclic, unicycle

cylinder, cylindric, cylindroid, cylindroma, pseudocylindric

cynic, cynicism, cynodont, cynology, cynophobia, Cynosaurus, cynosure, eucynodont

cystic
cnidocyte, cytoplasm
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

cac-, kak- bad Greek

cad-,-cid-, cas- fall Latin
caed,-cid-,caes-,-cis- cut, kill Latin

cal-, call- beautiful Greek

cal- call Latin

cal- heat Latin

calc- stone Latin and Greek

cale-, cle- call Greek

calv-,calum- trick, lie, deceive Latin

calyp- cover Greek

camer- vault Latin

camisi- shirt Latin

camp- field Latin

can- dog Latin

can- reed, rod Greek

can-,-cin-,cant-,-cent- sing Latin

cand-,cend- glowing, iridescent Latin

cap-,-cip-,capt-,-cept- hold, take Latin

capit-,-cipit- head Latin

capr- goat Latin

caps- box, case Latin

carbon- coal Latin

carcer- jail Latin

carcin- cancer (disease) Latin from Greek

cardi- heart Greek

cardin- hinge Latin

carn- flesh Latin

carp- fruit Greek

carp- wrist Greek

cast- pure, cut Latin

cata-, cat- down, against, back Greek

caten- chain Latin
cathar- pure Greek
caud- tail Latin
caus-,-cus- cause or motive Latin

caust-,caut- burn Greek

cav- hollow Latin

ced-,cess- move, yield, go, surrender Latin

cel- hide Latin

celer- quick Latin
cen-,caen- new Greek
cen- empty Greek
cen-,coen- common Greek
cens- to assess Latin
cent- hundred Latin
centen- hundred each Latin
centesim- hundredth Latin

centr- center Greek

centri- center Latin

cephal- head Greek

ceram- clay Greek

cerat- horn Greek
cern-,cer- sift Latin

cervic- relating to the neck, relating to the cervix
Latin

ceter- other Latin

chir- of the hand or hands Greek
chelon- relating to aturtle Greek
chlor- green Greek
chondr- cartilage Greek

chore- relating todance Greek

chord- cord Latin and Greek

chrom- color Greek

chron- time Greek
chrys- gold Greek
cili- eyelash Latin
ciner- ash Latin
cing-,cinct- gird Latin
circ- circle, ring Latin
circum- around Latin
cirr- orange Greek
cirr- curl, tentacle Latin
cit- call, start Latin
civ- citizen Latin
clad- branch Greek
clam- cry out Latin
clar- clear Latin
clast- broken Greek
claud-,-clud-,claus-,-
close, shut Latin
clus-

clav- key Greek

cleist- closed Greek

cleithr- bar, key Greek
clement- mild Latin
clin- bed Greek
clin- lean, recline Latin
cochl- snail, spiralshell Greek
coel- hollow Greek
col- strain Latin
coll- hill Latin
coll- neck Latin
color- color Latin
comi- friendly, kind Latin
con-, co-,col-, com-, c
with, together Latin
or-
con- cone Greek
condi- season Latin
contra- against Latin
copi- plenty Latin
copr- dung Greek
copul- bond Latin
cor-,cord- heart Latin

corac- raven Greek

cori- hide, leather Latin

corn- horn Latin
coron- crown Latin
corp-,corpor- body Latin
cortic- bark Latin
cosm- universe Greek
the art of dress and
cosmet- Greek
ornament
cost- rib Latin
cotyl- cup Greek
government, rule,
-cracy,-crat Greek
authority
crani- skull Greek
crass- thick Latin
crea- make Latin

cred- believe, trust Latin

crep- boot, shoe Greek

cresc- grow, rise Latin

cribr- sieve Latin

cric- ring Greek
crisp- curled Latin
crist- crest Latin
crit-,crisi- judge, separate Greek
cross- fringe, tassel Greek
cruc- cross Latin
crur- leg, shank Latin
-cry wail, shriek Latin

crypt- hidden Greek

cten- comb Greek

cub- cube Greek
cub- lie Latin
culin- kitchen Latin
culp- blame, fault Latin
cune- wedge Latin
cur- care for Latin

curr-,curs- run, course Latin

curv- bent Latin

cuspid- lance, point Latin

cult-, col- cultivate, till, inhabit Latin
cut- skin Latin
cyan- blue Greek

cycl- circular Greek

cylind- roll Greek

cyn- dog Greek

cyst- capsule Greek

cyt- cell Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

κακός (kakós), κάκιστος (kákistos)
cadere, casus
caedere,caesus
καλός (kalós)
"beautiful";κάλλος (kállos) "beauty",
κάλλιστος (kállistos)
calare

calere, calor"heat"

from Latin calx(genitive calcis)

"lime", from Greek χάλιξ(khalix)
"pebble", "limestone"

καλέειν/καλεῖν(kaléein/kaleîn), κλῆσις (klēsis), κλητός (klētós)

calumnia"slander, trickery",
fromcalvi "to trick, deceive"

καλύπτειν(kalúptein), καλυπτός (kaluptós), κάλυξ (kálux)

camera

camisia

campus "field", "level ground"

canis
κάννα (kánna), κανών (kanṓn)

canere, cantus

candere "to be white or glisten"

capere, captus"take or hold" (vowel changes from a to i in compounds)
caput, capitis

caper (genitivecapri) "goat",

also capreolus"wild goat"
capsa

carbo, carbonis

carcer,carcerare,cancelli

Latin from Greek καρκίνος(karkínos) "crab"

καρδιά (kardía)

cardo, cardinis

caro, carnis

καρπός(karpós) "fruit"

καρπός(karpós) "wrist"
castrare andcastus, fromkes- (to
cut)
κατά (katá) "down, against, back"
catena
καθαρός(katharós)
cauda
causa

καίειν (kaíein), καυστός/καυτός (kaustós), καυστικός

cavus

cedere, cessus

celare "to hide"
celer, celerare
καινός (kainós)
κενός (kenós)
κοινός (koinós)
censere
centum
centeni
centesimus

κέντρον(kéntron) "needle", "spur"

centrum

κεφαλή(kephalḗ)

κέραμος(keramos)
κέρας (keras),κέρατος(keratos)
cernere "to sift, separate"

cervix, cervicis"neck"

ceterus
χείρ (kheir) "hand"
χελώνη(khelōne) "tortoise"
χλωρός(khlōros)
χόνδρος(chondros)
χορεία (khoreia) "dancing in
unison" fromχορός (khoros)
"chorus"

chorda "rope" from χορδή(chordē)

χρῶμα(chrōma)
χρόνος(chronos)
χρυσός(khrusos)
cilium
cinis, cineris
cingere, cinctus
circulus, circus
circum
κιρρός (kirros)
cirrus
citare, frequentative ofciere
civis
κλάδος (klados)
clamare
clarus, clarare
κλαστός(klastos)
claudere,clausus

κλείς (kleis) "key" fromκλείειν,

(kleiein) "to close"
κλειστός(kleistos)
κλεῖϑρον(kleithron)
clemens,clementis
κλίνη (klinē)
-clinare
κόχλος(kochlos)
κοῖλος (koilos)
colare, colum
collis
collum
color
comis"courteous, kind"

cum (from older form quom)

κῶνος (kōnos)
condire
contra
copia
κόπρος(kópros)
copula "that which binds"
cor, cordis

κόραξ, κόρακος (korax,korakos)

corium, corii
cornu
corona,coronare
corpus, corporis
cortex, corticis
κόσμος(kosmos)
κοσμητική (kosmētikḗ) from
κόσμος (kόsmos)
costa
κοτύλη (kotulē)

κράτος (kratos)

κρανίον(kranion)
crassus
creare, creatus

credere,creditus
κρηπίς, κρηπίδος (krēpis,krēpidos)

crescere

cribrum,cribrare
κρίκος (krikos)
crispus
crista
κρίνειν (krinein),κρίσις (krisis)
κροσσός(krossos)
crux, crucis
crus, cruris
critare, fromquiritare
κρύπτειν(kruptein) "to
hide", κρυπτός(kruptos)
κτείς, κτενός (kteis, ktenos)
κύβος (kubos)
cubare
culina
culpa
cuneus
cura, curare

currere, cursus

curvus"crooked, curved",
fromcurvare "to bend"
cuspis, cuspidis
colere
cutis
κυανός(kuanos)

κύκλος (kúklos)

κυλίνδειν(kulíndein),κύλινδρος(kúli
ndros)

κύων, κυνός(kúōn, kunós)

κύστις (kustis)
κύτος (kutos)
 English examples

cachexia, cacodemon, cacography, cacophony, cacorrhacitis, kakistocracy
accident, cadaver, cadence, cascade, case, recidivism
caesura, excise, germicide, homicide, incisor, scissors

calisthenics, calligraphy, Callista, Callisto, calophyllous, kaleidoscope

calendar, claim, class, conciliate, conciliatory, council, intercalate, nomenclature

caldarium, caldera, calefacient, calefaction, calefactive, calefactory, calenture, calescent,

calid, calor, calore, caloric,calorie, calorifacient, calorific, calorigenic, calorimeter, caudle,
cauldron, chafe, chafery, chalder, chaldron, chaud-froid, chauffer, chauffeur, chauffeuse,
decalescence, decalescent, nonchalance, nonchalant, recalescence, scald

calcite, calcitrant, calcium, calculate, calculus, chalicothere, chalk, recalcitrant

ecclesia, Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastic, ecclesiology, ecclesiophobia, epiclesis, paraclete

calumnious, calumny, cavil, challenge

apocalypse, calyx, epicalyx, eucalyptus

antechamber, bicameral, camaraderie, camber, camera, chamber, chamberlain, comrade,

concamerate, concameration, multicamera, tricameral, unicameral
camisade, camisado, Camisard, camisole, chemise
camp, campaign, campesino, campestral, campicolous, campimetry,
campsite, campus, champion, decamp, encamp, encampment
canaille, canary, canicule, canid, canine, Canis, Canis Major
cane, canister, canon, canonic

accent, accentual, accentuate, accentuation, canción, canorous, cant, cantabile, cantata,

cantation, cantatory, cantatrice, canticle, canticum, cantiga, cantilena,
cantillate, cantillation, cantion, canto, cantor, cantus, canzona,canzone,
Carmen, chanson, chansonnier, chant, chanteur, chanteuse, chanticleer, charm,
concent, descant,discant, discantus, disenchant, disenchantment, disencharm,
disincentive, enchant, enchantment, enchantress,incantation, incantational, incentive,
plainchant, precentor, recant, recantation, succentor, vaticinate, vaticination, vaticinator

candela, candid, candle, candor, incandescent, incendiary, incense

capable, capacious, captive, caption, captivate, capture, conception, except, forceps,

incipient, intercept, recipient
achievable, achieve, achievement, ancipital, ancipitous, biceps, bicipital, cabotage,
cad, caddie, cadet, cape, capital, capitular, capitulate, capitulation, captain, chapter,
chaptrel, chattel, chef, chief, chieftain, co-captain, co-captaincy, decapitate, decapitation,
occipital, occiput, precipitation, precipitous, quadriceps, recap, recapitulate,
sincipital,sinciput, sous-chef, subcaptain, triceps, tricipital, unicipital, vice-captain, vice-
captaincy

cab, caper, caprice, Capricorn, caprine

capsule
arbonara, bicarbonate, carbon, carbonate, carbonation, Carboniferous, carbuncle, radiocar
bon
chancel, chancellery, chancellor, chancery, incarcerate, incarceration, subchancel

carcinogenic, carcinoma

cardiac, cardiograph, cardioid, cardiology, cardiomyopathy,

electrocardiogram, endocardium, epicardium, hemicardia, myocardium, pericardium

cardinal, cardinality, kern
carnage, carnal, carnality, carnary, carnate, carnation, carneous, carnival, carnivore,
carnose, carnosity, carrion, caruncle, carunculate, charcuterie, charnel, discarnate,
incarnadine, incarnate, incarnation, reincarnate,reincarnation

acarpous, angiocarpous, anisocarpic, Carpo, carpogonium, carpology, carpophagous,

carpophore, carpospore,cystocarp, endocarp, epicarp, mesocarp, monocarpic, pericarp, p
olycarpic, procarp, pseudocarp

carpal, carpal tunnel syndrome, carpus, metacarpus

caste, castigate, castrate, chaste, chastity, incest

catabolic, catacomb, catalyst, catarrhine, catastrophe, catatonia, cathode, cation

catenary, concatenation
catharsis, cathartic
caudal, coda
accuse, because, causal, causative, cause, excuse

calm, catacaustic, caustic, cauter, cauterize, cautery, diacaustic, holocaust, hypocaust

cave, cavity, excavation
accede, cede, concede, precede, procedure, proceed, procession, recede, secede,
succeed, success
ceiling, clandestine, conceal, occult
acceleration, celerity
caenogastropod, caenogenesis, Cenozoic
cenotaph, kenosis
cenobite, coenesthesia, coenocyte
censure, census
cent, centennial, centurion, percent
centenarian, centenary
centesimal, centesimation

eccentric

central, center, concentrate, concentric, centrifugal, centripetal

acephalic, acephaly, anencephaly, autocephaly, brachiocephalic, brachycephalic,

cephalic, cephalomancy,cephalometry, cephalon,
cephalopagus, cephalopod, diencephalon, dolichocephalic, encephalitis, encephalogram,e
ncephalopathy, holoprosencephaly, hydrocephalus, macrocephaly, mesaticephalic,
mesencephalic, mesocephalic,metencephalon, microcephaly, myelencephalon,
neencephalon, paleencephalon, prosencephalon,rhombencephalon,
rhombencephalosynapsis, syncephalus, telencephalon

ceramic
keratin, triceratops
ascertain, certain, concern, concert, decree, discern, excrement, secern, secret

cervix, cervical

et cetera
chiral, chiropractic, chiroptera
chelonia
chlorine, chlorophyll, chloroplast
hypochondriasis

choreography, chorus

chordata, cord

chromatic, chrome, chromium, chromosome, monochrome, polychrome

anachronism, chronic, chronicle, chronology, chronometer, synchronize
chrysalis, chrysolite
cilia, supercilious
incineration
succinct
circle, circular, circulate, circus
circumcise, circumference, circumlocution, circumnavigate, circumscribe
cirrhosis
cirrus
citation, cite, excite, incite, solicit, solicitous
civic, civil, civilian, civility, civilization
clade
acclaim, claim, clamor, exclamation, proclamation, reclamation
clarity, clear, declaration
iconoclast, osteoclast
clause, claustrophobia, conclude, exclude, exclusive, include, occlusion, occult, recluse,
seclude

clavichord, clavicle, conclave

cleistogamy
cleithrum
clemency, inclement
clinic
decline, declination, incline, inclination, recline
cochlea
blastocoel, coelom, spongocoel
colander, coulee, percolate
colliculus
accolade, collar
coloration, coloratura, tricolor
comity

coagulate, collide, compress, connect, connote, contain, corrode, quondam

conic, conical, conoid

condiment
contraband, contraception, contradict, contraindicate, contrast, contravene
copious, copy, cornucopia
coprolite, coprophagia, coprophilia
copula, copulation, couple
accord, cordial, core, concord, courage, discord, discordant, encourage, record
coracoid

excoriate
cornea, cornucopia, unicorn
corona, coronation
corporation, corporal, corporeal, corpse, corpulent, corpuscle, incorporate
cortical
cosmic, cosmonaut, cosmopolitan, cosmos, microcosm

cosmetics, cosmetology

costal
cotyledon

aristocracy, autocracy, bureaucracy, democracy, plutocracy, technocracy, theocracy

cranium
crassitude
creation, creature, creole, procreation, recreation
accreditation, credence, credentials, credibility, credible, credit, creditor, credo, credulity,
credulous, creed, discredit, incredible, incredulous, miscreant, recreant
crepidoma

accresce, accrescence, accrescent, accrete, accretion, accrue, concrete, crescendo,

crescent, crew, decrease, increase, recruit, recruitment, surcrew
cribble, cribrate
cricoid
crepe, crispate
cristate
crisis, criterion, critic, critical, diacritic, endocrine, hypocrisy
crossopterygii
crucial, crucifix, crucify, excruciating
crural
cry, decry, descry
apocryphal, cryptic, cryptography

ctenophore
cubic, cuboid
incubation, succuba
culinary
culpable, culprit, exculpate
cuneiform
accurate, curative, curator, cure, curious, manicure, pedicure, secure, sinecure

concur, concurrent, corridor, courier, course, currency, current, cursive, cursor, cursory, discourse, excursion, incur, occur, recur,

cavort, curb, curvature, curve

bicuspid
colony, cult, cultivate, cultivation, culture
cutaneous, cuticle
cyanide

acyclic, anticyclone, anticyclonic, bicycle, cycle, cyclic, cycloid, cyclone, cyclops, cyclosis,
dicyclic, eccyclema,epicycle, epicycloid, hemicycle, hemicyclium, heterocyclic,
homocyclic, hypocycloid, isocyclic, mesocyclone, monocyclic, polycyclic, pseudocyclosis,
tetracyclic, tricycle, tricyclic, unicycle

cylinder, cylindric, cylindroid, cylindroma, pseudocylindric

cynic, cynicism, cynodont, cynology, cynophobia, Cynosaurus, cynosure, eucynodont

cystic
cnidocyte, cytoplasm
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

dactyl- digit, finger, toe Greek

daman- to tame Greek
damn-,-demn- to inflict loss upon Latin

down, away from,

de- Latin
removing

deb- owe Latin

deca-,dec-,deka-,dek- ten Greek

decim- tenth part Latin

decor- ornament Latin

del- delete Latin

delt- shaped like a Δ Greek
dem- people Greek
den- ten each Latin

dendr- resembling a tree Greek

dens- thick Latin

dent- tooth Latin

der- skin Greek

deuter- second Greek

dexi- right Greek
dexter- right Latin
di- two Greek
dia- apart, through Greek

dic-, dict- say, speak, proclaim Latin

dida- teach Greek

digit- finger Latin
dino- terrible, fearfully great Greek
dipl- double; twofold Greek
doc-,doct- teach Latin
dodec- twelve Greek
dog-, dox- opinion, tenet Greek

dol- pain Latin

dom- house Latin

domin- master Latin

domit- tame Latin

don- give Latin

dorm- sleep Latin
dors- back Latin

drom- run Greek

du- two Latin

dub- doubtful Latin

duc-,duct- lead Latin

dulc- sweet Latin

dur- hard Latin
dy- two Greek
dyna- power Greek
dys- badly, ill Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

δάκτυλος (dáktulos)
adamas "untameable, invincible"
damnāre

dē

debere, debitus

δέκα (deka), ten

decimus, tenth; from decem, ten
decorus "fit, proper"
and decorare "to decorate",
from decor "beauty, ornament"
and decus"ornament"
delere (from dē + linere)
δέλτα (délta)
δῆμος (dēmos)
deni
δένδρον (déndron); akin
to δρύς (drys) "tree"
densus
dens, dentis
δέρειν (dérein), δέρμα,
δέρματος (dérma,dérmatos)
δεύτερος (deúteros)
δεξιός (deksiós)
dexter
δι- (di-)
διά (diá)

dīcere, dictus, dictare

διδάσκειν (didáskein)
digitus
δεινός (deinós)
διπλός (diplós)
docere, doctus
δώδεκα (dōdeka)
δόξα (dóxa) "opinion",
from δοκεῖν (dokeîn) "to appear,
seem, think", δόγμα (dógma)

dolere "to grieve", also dolus "grief"

and dolor"pain"

domus
dominus "master";
(from domus "house")

domitare, frequentative of domare

dōnum, donare
dormire
dorsum
δραμεῖν (drameîn), δρόμος (drómo
s)
duo
dubius

ducere, ductus

dulcis
durus, durare
δύο (dúo)
δύναμις (dúnamai)
δυσ- (dus-)
 English examples

dactylology, polydactyly, pterodactyl

adamant, adamantine, Damian
condemn, damnation, indemnify

decay, declare, decline, decompose, dedicate, deduce, defend, deletion, delineate,

delude, demarcate, dementia, depress, derogatory, desecrate, descend, destroy, detract

debit, debt

decade, decagram, decahedron, Decalogue, decameter

decimal, decimate

decor, decorate, decorous, decorum

delete, deletion, indelible

deltoid
demagogue, democracy, demography, endemic, epidemic
denarius, denary, denier, dinar, dinero, dinheiro

dendric, dendrite, dendrochronology, rhododendron

condense, dense, density
dental, dentifrice, dentures
Dermaptera, dermatology, dermis, ectoderm, endoderm, epidermis,
hypodermic,mesoderm, scleroderma, taxidermy, xeroderma
deuteragonist, Deuteronomy, deuterostome
Dexiarchia
dexterity, dextrose
dicot, diode, dipole
diagram, dialysis, diameter
benediction, condition, contradict, dictate,
dictation, dictator, diction, dictionary,dictum, edict, indictment, interdiction, malediction,
predict, prediction, valediction, verdict
autodidact, Didache, didact, didactic
digital
dinosaur
diploid, diploma, diplosis
docile, doctor, doctrine, document, indoctrinate, indoctrination
dodecahedron, dodecasyllabic
dogma, dogmatic, dogmatism, doxology, heterodox, orthodox, paradox

condolence, dol, doleful, dolorous, indolence

dame, dome, domestic, domicile
danger, domain, dominant, dominate, domination, domineer, dominion, domino, dungeon,
predominant

daunt, domitable, indomitable

condone, donate, donation, donor, pardon

dormant, dormitory
dorsal, dorsum, dossier, endorse
anadromous, catadromous, diadromous, heterodromous, hippodrome, palindrome,
syndrome
deuce, dual, duality, duo, duplex, duplicity
doubt, dubiety, dubious

abduce, abduct, adduce, adduct, conduce, deduce, induce, introduce, produce, reduce, seduce, traduce

billet-doux, dolce, dulcet, dulcian, dulcimer

durable, duration, duress, endure, obduracy, obdurate, obduration
dyad, dyadic
dynamic, dynamism, dynamite, dynamo, dynasty, heterodyne
dysentery, dysplasia, dystrophy
 Root Meaning in English Origin language
ec- out Greek

ecclesi- assembly, congregation Greek

eco- house Greek
ecto- outside Greek
ed-, es- eat Latin
eg- goat Greek
ego- self, I (first person) Latin, Greek
eiren- peace Greek
electr- amber Greek
elem-,alm- pity Greek
em-,empt- buy Latin
eme- vomit Greek
emul- striving to equal, rivaling Latin
en-, em- in Greek
encephal- brain Greek
endo- inside, within Greek
engy- narrow Greek
ennea- nine Greek
ens- sword Latin
eo-, eos- dawn, east Greek
ep-, epi- upon Greek

equ-, -iqu- even, equal, level Latin

equ- horse Latin

erg- work Greek

erot- (sexual) love Greek
err- stray Latin
erythr- red Greek
eso- within Greek
eth- custom, habit Greek
ethm- sieve, sift Greek

ethn- people, race, tribe, nation Greek

etym- 1 Greek
eu- well, good Greek
eur- wide Greek
ex-, e-, ef- from, out Latin
exo- outside Greek
extra- outer Latin
extrem- outermost, utmost Latin
 Etymology (root origin)
ἐκ (ek)

ἐκκλησία (ekklēsiā) from ἐκκαλέω (ekkaleō) "I summon" or "I call out"
οἶκος (oikos)
ἐκτός (ektos)
edere, esus
αἴξ, αἰγός (aix)
ego, ἐγώ
εἰρήνη (eirene) "peace"
ἤλεκτρον (elektron)
ἐλεημοσύνη (eleemosyne)
emere, emptus
ἐμεῖν, ἔμετος (emein, emetos)
aemulus, aemulare
ἐν (en)
ἐγκέφαλος (enkephalos)
ἔνδον (endon)
ἐγγύς (engys)
ἐννέα (ennea)
ensis
Ἠώς/Ἕως (ēṓs)
ἐπί (epi)

aequus
equus

έργον (ergon)
ἔρως, ἔρωτος (erōs, erōtos)
errare
ἐρυθρός (eruthros)
ἔσω (esō)
ἦθος (ēthos)
ἠθμός (ēthmos); ἤθειν (hethein)

ἔθνος (ethnos)
ἔτυμος (etumos)
εὖ (eu)
εὐρύς (eurus)
ex
ἔξω (eksō)
extra, extraneus and exterus
extremus
 English examples
eccentric, ecstasy, ecstatic

Ecclesiastes, ecclesiastical
ecology, economics, economy, ecumenism
ectoderm
edible, obesity
egophony
egocentric
eirenic, irenic, irenology
electron, electricity, electric, electronic
almoner, alms, eleemosynary
exemption, preempt, redeem
emesis, emetic
emulator
emphasis, enclitic, enthusiasm
encephalopathy
endocardial, endocrine, endocytosis, endoskeleton, endosperm
Engystomops
ennead, enneagon, enneode
ensiform
Eocene
ephemeral, epicenter, epidemic, epistemic, epitaph, epithet, epoch, epiphany
equal, equanimity, equate, Equator, equilibrium, equinox, equipoise, equity, equivalence,
equivocal, equivocate, iniquity
equestrian
allergy, energy, erg, ergometer, ergonomics, ergophobia, liturgy, metallurgy, organ,
surgeon, synergy
erogenous, erotic
aberration, err, errant, erroneous, error
erythrocyte
esoteric
ethology
ethmoid

ethnarch, ethnic
etymology
euphoria, euthanasia
Europe, eurypterid
exclude, exist, exit, extend, extrude
exoskeleton, exothermic
estrange, exterior, extra, extraordinary, strange
extreme, extremity, extremophile
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

fa-, fat-(FA[7]) say, speak Latin

fab- bean Latin

fac-,fact-,-fect-,-fic-, -ify(FAC[8])
do, make Latin

falc- sickle Latin

fall-,fallac-,fals- false, deceive Latin
famili- a close attendant Latin
fasc- bundle Latin
fatu- foolish, useless Latin

treaty, agreement,
feder- Latin
contract, league, pact

fel- cat Latin

felic- happy, merry Latin
fell- suck Latin
femin- women, female Latin
femor- thigh Latin
fend-,fens- strike Latin
fenestr- window Latin

fer- to bear, carry Latin

ferv- boil, glow Latin

feroc- fierce Latin
ferr- iron Latin
fet- stink Latin
fic- fig Latin

fid-, fis- faith, trust Latin

fig-,fing-,fict-(FIG[9]) to form, shape Latin

fil- thread Latin

fili- son Latin
fin- end Latin
find-,fiss-(FID[10]) cleave, split Latin
firm- firm, strong Latin
fistul- hollow, tube Latin
fix- attach Latin
fl-, fla-(FLA[11]) blow Latin

flacc- flabby Latin

flav- yellow Latin

flect-,flex- bend Latin

flig-,flict- strike Latin

flor- flower Latin

flu-,fluv-,flux- flow Latin

foc- hearth Latin

fod-,foss- dig Latin
foen- hay Latin
foli- leaf Latin
font- spring Latin
for- bore, drill Latin

form- shape Latin

formic- ant Latin

fornic- vault Latin
fort- strong Latin

fove- shallow round depression Latin

frag-,frang-,-
break Latin
fring-,fract-
frater-,fratr- brother Latin
fric-,frict- rub Latin
frig- cold Latin
front- forehead Latin
fruct-,frug- fruit Latin
fug-,fugit- flee Latin
fum- smoke Latin

fund- bottom Latin

fund-,fus- pour Latin

fulmin- flash Latin

fung-,funct- do Latin
fur-,furt- thief, steal Latin
furc- fork Latin
fusc- dark Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

fari, see alsofateri

faba

facere, factus

falx, falcis
fallere, falsus,fallax, fallacis
famulus
fascis
fatuus
foederare,
from foedus(genitivefoederis); see
also fides"faith"
feles, felis
felix, felicis
fellare
femina
femur(genitivefemoris)
fendere, -fensus
fenestra

ferre

fervere
ferox, ferocis
ferrum
fetere
ficus
fides "faith, trust", fromfidere "to
trust"

fingere "to touch, handle; devise; fabricate, alter, change"

filum
filius
finis
findere, fissus
firmus,firmare
fistula
fixare, frequentative of figere

flāre, flātus

flaccus,flaccere
flavus

flectere,flexus

flīgere, flictus
flos, floris

fluere, fluxus

focus
fodere,fossus
foenum
folium
fons, fontis
forare,foratus

forma

formica
fornix, fornicis
fortis

fovea

frangere,fractus

frater
fricare, frictus
frigere
frons, frontis
frux, fructis
fugere
fumus
fundare "to found",
fromfundus"bottom, foundation"

fundere,fusus

fulmen"lightning flash"
fungi, functus
fur (genitivefuris) "thief",furare
furca
fuscus
 English examples

affable, bifarious, confess, defamation, fable, fame,

fascinate, fate, ineffability, infamy, infancy, infant, infantry, nefarious,preface, profess

faba bean

affair, affect, affectation, amplify, artifact, artifice, benefactor, benefice, benefit, confection,
counterfeit, defeat, defect, disaffect, edifice, effect, effective, effectual, face, facile,
facsimile, fact, faction, factitious, factor, factory, fake, fashion, feasible, feat, feature,
feckless, fiat, forfeit, infect, inofficious, interoffice, laissez-faire, malefaction, manufacture,
modify, nonofficial, office, official, officiant, officiary, officiate, officious, olfaction, perfect,
proficient, prolific, rarefy, refectory, sacrifice, scientific, suboffice, suffice, surfeit

defalcation, falcate, falciform, falchion, falcon

default, fail, fallacious, fallacy, fallible, false, falsetto, falsify, falsity, fault
familiarity, family
fasciculation, fascism
fatuous, infatuation

confederacy, confederation, federal, federate, federation

Felinae, feline
felicity
fellation
femininity
femoral, femur
defend, fend, offend, offense
defenestration
aquifer, circumference, confer, conifer, defer, differ, ferry, fertile, infer, Lucifer, offer, prefer,
refer, suffer, transfer, vociferous
ferment, fervent, fervid, fervor, perfervid
ferocity
ferrous
fetid, fetor
Ficus, fig
confidante, confidence, confident, diffident, faith, fealty, fidelity, fiduciary, infidel, perfidious,
perfidy

configure, disfigure, effigy, feign, fiction, fictitious, figment, figurine, nonfiction, transfigure

defile, filament, file, filigree, fillet, profile
affiliation
affinity, confine, define, final, finale, finance, fine, finish, finite, infinite, refine
fission, fissure
affirm, confirm, confirmation, firm, firmament, infirm
fistula
affix, fix, fixation, fixture, prefix, suffix, transfix

afflatus, conflate, deflate, flatulence, flatus, flavor, flute, inflate, insufflation, soufflé, sufflate

flaccid
flavonoid
circumflex, deflect, flex, flexible, flexile, flexion, flexor, inflect, inflection, reflect, reflection,
reflex
afflict, conflict, inflict, profligacy, profligate
floral, florid

affluent, confluence, effluent, fluctuate, fluctuation, fluency, fluent, fluid, fluidity, flush, fluvial, flux, influence, influx, superfluo

bifocal, focal, focus

fossil
Foeniculum
defoliant
font, fontal, fontanelle
foralite, foramen, foraminifer, perforation
conform, deform, form, formal, formation, formula, formulate, inform, perform, reform,
uniform
formaldehyde, formic acid
fornication
force, fort, forte, fortify, fortitude, fortress
fovea

defray, diffract, fractal, fraction, fractious, fracture, fragile, fragment, frangible, fray,
infraction, infringe, refract, refractory, refrain
fraternal, fraternity
dentifrice, friction
frigid, frigorific
confront, frontage, frontal
fructose, frugivorous
centrifuge, fugacious, fugitive, refuge
fume, fumigation

found, founder, foundation, fund, fundament, fundamental, fundamentalism, profound, profundity

confound, diffusion, effusion, effusive, found, fusion, infusion, perfusion, profuse, profusion, refund, suffusion, transfusion

fulminant, fulminate, fulmination

function, fungibility
ferret, furtive
bifurcation
fuscous, obfuscate, obfuscation
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

galact-(ΓΛΑΚ[12]) milk Greek

gam- marriage, wedding Greek

gamb- leg Latin

gar-(GAR[13]) chatter Latin

gastr- stomach Greek

ge-, geo- earth Greek

geiton- neighbor Greek

gel- icy cold Latin

gen-(GEN[14]) beget Latin

gen-(ΓΕΝ[15]) birth, beget, race, kind Greek

ger- old Greek

ger-,gest-(GES[16]) bear, carry Latin

germ- sprout Latin
geu-(ΓΕΥΣ[17]) taste Greek

glabr- hairless Latin

glaci- ice Latin
gladi- sword Latin
glia- glue Greek
glob- sphere Latin
glori- glory Latin
gloss-,glot- tongue Greek
glutin- glue Latin
glyc- sweet Greek

glyph- carve Greek

gnath- jaw Greek

gnosc-,-gnit- know Latin

gno-(ΓΝΩ[18]) know Greek

gon- corner, angle, knee Greek

grad-,gred-,gress-(GRAD[19])
walk, step, go Latin

gramm- letter, writing Greek

gran- grain Latin

grand- grand Latin

graph- draw, write Greek

grat- thank, please Latin

grav- heavy Latin
greg- flock, herd Latin
gubern- govern, pilot Latin
gust- taste Latin
gutt- drop Latin
guttur- throat Latin

gymn- nude Greek

gyn-,gynaec- woman Greek

 Etymology (root origin)

γάλα, γάλακτος (gála, gálaktos)

γάμος (gámos), γαμεῖν(gameîn),

γαμέτης (gamétēs), γαμετή
(gametḗ)

gamba
garrire

γαστήρ, γαστρός (gastḗr,gastrós)

γῆ (gē), γαῖα, γαίας (gaîa), γεω-

(geō-)

γείτων, γείτονος (geítōn), γειτόνημα

gelum

gignere, genitus, genus(genitive ge

neris), see alsogenerare

γίγνεσθαι (gígnesthai), and

related γένος (génos), γενετικός
(genetikós), γένεσις (génesis); see
also γενεά (geneá)

γέρων, γέροντος (gérōn,gérontos)

gerere, gestus
germen, germinis
γεύειν (geúein), γεύεσθαι(geúestha
i), γεῦσις
glaber
glacies
gladius
γλία (glía)
globus
gloria
γλῶσσα (glóssa), γλωττίς (glōttís)
gluten, glutinis
γλυκύς (glukús)

γλύφειν (glúphein), γλυφή (gluphḗ), γλυπτός (gluptós), γλυπτικός (gluptikós)

γνάθος (gnáthos), γναθμός
gnoscere

γιγνώσκειν (gignṓskein), γνῶναι, γνωτός (gnōtós), γνωστός (gnōstós), γνωστικός (gnōstikós), γνῶσις (gnṓsis), γνῶσμα, γνώμη (g

γωνία (gōnía), γόνυ (gónu)

gradi, gressus "to step",
fromgradus "step"

γράφειν (gráphein), γράμμα,

γράμματος (grámma,grámmatos),
γραμματικός (grammatikós)

granum
grandis

γράφειν (gráphein), γραφικός

(graphikós), γραφή (graphḗ),
γραφία (graphía), γραφεῖον
(grapheîon)

gratus, see also gratia

gravis
grex, gregis
gubernare
gustus
gutta
guttur

γυμνός (gumnós)

γυνή, γυναικός, (gunḗ,gunaikós)
 English examples

galactagogue, galactic, galactorrhea, lactose

allogamy, anisogamete, anisogamy, autogamy, cryptogam, endogamy, exogamy, gamete,
gametic,gametophyte, heterogametic, heterogamous, heterogamy, homogametic,
karyogamy, misogamy, monogamy, oogamy, planogamete, plasmogamy, polygamist,
polygamy
gam, gambit, gambol, gammon
gargantuan, gargle, gargoyle, garrulous, jargon
gastric, gastrin, gastritis, gastroenterologist, gastroenterology, gastrolith,
gastronomic, gastronomy,gastroparesis, gastropod, mesogastric, Myxogastria
apogee, biogeography, epigeous, geocentric, geocentrism, geode, geodesy,
geodetic, geography,geoid, geology, geomancy, geometry, hypogeous, hypogeum,
Pangea, perigee

geitonogamy

gelatin, gelid

congenial, engender, gender, generate, generation, genial, genius, genital, genitive,

genteel, gentle, genuine, genus, indigenous, ingenious, ingenuous, primogenitor, progeny

allergen, anagenesis, antigen, autogenesis, autogenous, biogenesis, dysgenic, endogen,

epigone,eugenics, gametogenesis, gene, genealogy, genesis, genetic, genocide, gonad,
heterogeneous, homogeneous, hydrogen, oogenesis, paragenesis,
pathogen, spermatogenesis

erigeron, geriatric, geriatrics, gerontocracy, gerontology

agger, congest, digest, gerundive, gestation, register, suggest, vicegerent

germ, German, germane, germination

ageusia, dysgeusia, hypergeusia, hypogeusia, parageusia

glabrous
glacier
gladiator, gladiolus
glial
global, globe, globule
glorify, glorious, glorify, glorified
aglossia, epiglottis, gloss, glossary, glottis, isogloss, monoglot, polyglot
agglutination, glue, gluten
glycogen, glycolipid, glycoprotein, hypoglycaemia

anaglyph, ditriglyphic, glyph, glyptic, glyptograph, monotriglyph

epignathous, gnathic, gnathophyma
acquaint, acquaintance, agnition, agnize, cognition, cognitional, cognitive, cognitivity,
cognizable, cognizance, cognizant, cognize, cognoscence, cognoscenti, cognoscible,
cognovit, connoisseur, ennoble, ennoblement, ignoble, ignorant, ignoscible, incognito,
nobiliary, nobilitate, nobilitation,nobility, noble, note, notice, noticeable, notion, notional,
notionality, notoriety, notorious, precognition, quaint, reacquaint, recognition,
recognize, reconnaissance, reconnoiter, reconnoitre

agnosia, agnostic, agnosticism, anagnorisis, diagnosis, dysanagnosia, gnomic, gnomon,

gnomonic, gnosia, gnosis, Gnostic, gnosticism, physiognomy, prognosis

goniometer, gonion, gonioscope, gonitis, polygon, trigon, trigonometry

aggression, egress, grade, gradual, graduate, progress, regress, transgress

anagram, anagrammatic, diagram, diagrammatic, engram, epigram,

epigrammatic, grammar, grammatic, grammaticist, hologram, lipogram, monogram,
pangrammatic, pentagram, program, programmatic, telegram, tetragram, tetragrammaton

granary, granite, granola, granule

grandiloquous, grandiosity

allograft, anepigraphic, autograft, autograph, digraph, epigraphic, epigraphy, graft,

graph, grapheme,graphemics, graphene,
graphic, graphite, graphology, heterograph, holography, homograph,isograft, monograph,
orthography, paragraph, photograph, photographic, syngraft, telegraphy, trigraph

congratulate, grace, grateful, gratify, gratitude, gratuity, gratulate, ingrate, ingratiate

aggravate, grave, gravitate, gravity
aggregate, congregation, egregious, gregarian, gregarious, segregation
gubernatorial
disgust, gusto
gutta, guttifer, guttiform
guttural
gymnasium, gymnast, gymnastics, gymnophobia, gymnoplast,
gymnosophist, gymnosperm, gymnospore

epigynous, epigynum, gynecology, gynodioecious, gynoid, misogynist, monogyny, gynarchy
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

hab-, -hib-,habit-, -
have Latin
hibit-
hadr- thick Greek
haem-, hem- blood Greek
hal- salt Greek
hal-, -hel- breathe Latin
hapl- simple, single Greek
haur-, haust- draw Latin
hedo- pleasure Greek
heli- sun Greek
hemer- day Greek
hemi- half Greek
hen- one Greek
hendec- eleven Greek
hept- seven Greek
her-, heir- heir Latin
here-, hes- cling, stick Latin
herald- messenger, envoy Latin
herb- grass Latin
heres-, heret- take, choose Greek
herp- creep Greek
heter- different, other Greek
heur- find Greek
hex- six Greek
hibern- wintry Latin
hiem- winter Latin
hier- sacred Greek
hipp- horse Greek
hirsut- hairy Latin
hispid- bristly Latin
histri- actor Latin
hod- way Greek
hol- whole Greek
hom- same Greek

homal- even, flat Greek

home- like Greek

homin- human Latin
honor- esteem Latin
hor- boundary Greek
hor- hour Greek
horm- that which excites Greek
hort- garden Latin
hospit- host Latin
host- enemy Latin
hum- ground Latin
hyal- glass Greek

hydr- water Greek

hygr- wet Greek

hymen- skin or membrane Greek
hyo- U-shaped Greek
hyp- under Greek
hyper- above, over Greek
hypn- sleep Greek
hyster- later Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

habere, habitus

ἁδρός (hadros)
αἷμα (haima)
ἅλς, ἁλός (hals, halos)
halare, halatus
ἁπλοῦς (haplous)
haurire, haustus
ἡδονή (hēdonē)
ἥλιος (hēlios)
hemera
ἥμισυς (hēmisus)
ἕν (hen)
ἕνδεκα (hendeka)
ἑπτά (hepta)
heres (genitive heredis)
haerere, haesus
heraldus
herba
αἴρω (hairein) "to take, choose"
ἕρπω, ἕρπειν (herpō, herpein)
ἕτερος (heteros)
εὑρίσκω (heuriskō)
ἕξ (hex)
hibernus
hiems
ἱερός (hieros)
ἵππος (hippos)
hirtus, hirsutus
hispidus
histrio, histrionis
ὁδός (hodos)
ὅλος (holos)
ὁμός (homos)
ὁμαλός (homalos) "even",
from ὁμός(homos) "same"
ὅμοιος (homoios)
homo, hominis
honos, honoris
ὅρος (horos)
ὥρα (hōra)
ὁρμή (hormē)
hortus, horti
hospes, hospitis
hostis
humus, humare
ὕαλος (hualos)

ὕδωρ (hudōr)

ὑγρός (hugros)
ὑμήν (humēn)
ὑοειδής (huoeidēs)
ὑπό (hupo)
ὑπέρ (huper)
ὕπνος (hupnos)
ὕστερος (husteros)
 English examples

habit, prohibition

hadrocodium, hadron
haemophilia, hemoglobin, hemophilia, hemorrhage, hemostat
halite, halogen
anhelation, inhale, halitosis
haploid, haplotype
exhaustion
hedonism
heliocentric, heliograph, heliotrope, helium
Decameron, ephemeral
hemicycle, hemisphere
henad, hyphen
hendecagon
heptagon, heptathlon, heptode
heir, heiress, hereditary, heredity, heritage, inherit
adhere, adhesive, cohere, coherent, cohesive, hesitate, inherent
herald, heraldic, heraldry
herbal, herbicide, herbivore
heresy, heretic, heretical
herpes, herpetology
heterochromatin, heterodoxy, heterogeneity, heterogeneous, heterosexual
heuristic
hexagon, hexahedron, hexode
hibernation
hiemal
hierarchy, hieroglyphics
hippodrome, hippopotamus
hirsute
hispidity, hispidulous
histrionic
cathode, herpolhode, hodometer
holistic, holography
homogeneous, homophone, homonym, homosexual, homozygous

anomalous, anomaly
homeostasis
hominid
honorable, honorarium
aphorism, horizon
horoscope
hormone
horticulture
hospice, hospital, hospitality, inhospitable
hostile
exhume, exhumation, human, humane, humanity, humus, inhume
hyaline, hyaloid
dehydrate, hydrant, hydrate, hydraulics, hydrogen, hydrology, hydrolysis,hydrophily,
hydrophobia, hydroponic, hydrous
hygrometer
hymen, Hymenoptera
hyoid
hypoallergenic, hypodermic, hypothermia, hypotonic
hyper, hyperbole, hyperlink, hypertonic
hypnosis, hypnotherapy, hypnotize
hysteresis
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

iatr- heal Greek

ichthy-, ich- fish Greek

icos- twenty Greek
id- shape, form, picture Greek
ide- idea; thought Greek

idi- own, peculiarity Greek

ign- fire Latin

imagin- copy Latin
in- sinew Greek
in- (1), il-,im- in, on Latin
in- (2), il-,im-, ir- not, un- (negation) Latin

inan- empty, vain Latin

infra- below, under Latin

insul- island Latin
inter- among, between Latin
intra- within Latin

irasc-, irat- be angry Latin

irid- rainbow Latin

is-, iso- equal, same Greek

ischi- hip joint Greek

iter- again Latin

itiner- journey Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

ἰᾶσθαι (iâsthai), ἰατρός (iatrós), ἰατρικός (iātrikós), ἴασις, ἴαμα

ἰχθύς, ἰχθύος (ichthús, ichthúos)
εἴκοσι (eíkosi), ϝεικοσι
εἶδειν (eídein), εἶδος (eîdos)
ἰδεῖν (ideîn), ιδέα (idéa)

ἴδιος (ídios), "private, personal, one's own", ϝίδιος

ignis
imāgō, imāginis
ἴς, ἰνός (ís, inós), ἰνίον (iníon)
in
in-

inanitio "emptiness"
and inanitas "worthlessness",
from inanire "to empty",
frominanis "empty, void, worthless"

infra
insula
inter (preposition)
intra
irasci "grow angry",
from ira "anger"
iris
ἴσος (ísos), ϝίσϝος (wíswos)

ἰσχίον (ischíon), ἰσχιαδικός (ischiadikós)

iterum, iterare
iter, itineris
 English examples

iatrogenic, psychiatrist

ichthyology
icosagon, icosahedron
idol, idolatry, idyll
ideogram, ideologue, ideology

idiom, idiopathic, idiosyncrasy, idiosyncratic, idiosyncratic, idiot

igneous, ignite, ignition

image, imagine
inion
illuminate, import, incur, intend, invite
illicit, impossible, inimical, irrational

inane, inanition, inanity

infrastructure
insular, insulation
intercollegiate, intermission, intersection
intramural

irascible, irate, ire

iridescent
isometric, isomorphic, isosceles, isotonic,isotropic

ischiadic, ischium, sciatic, sciatica

iteration
itinerary
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

jac- lie Latin

jac-, -ject- cast, throw Latin

janu- door Latin

joc- joke Latin
judic- judge Latin
jug- yoke Latin
jung-, junct- join Latin
junior- younger Latin
jus-, jur- law, justice Latin
juv-, jut- help Latin
juven- young, youth Latin
juxta- beside, near Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

jacēre "to be thrown"

jacere (also spelled iacere), iectus

janua
jocus (also spelled iocus)
judex, iudicis
jugare, jugum
iungere, junctus
junior
ius, iuris
juvare, jutus
juvenis
juxta
 English examples

adjacent
adagio, deject, ejaculate, eject, inject, interject, project, reject, trajectory

janitor, January
jocose, jocular, jocularity, jocund, jocundity, joke
adjudicate, judicial, judiciary
conjugal, subjugate
conjunction, enjoin, injunction, join, junction, juncture, junta
junior, juniority
abjure, jurisprudence, jury, just, justice, objurgate, perjury
adjutant
juvenile, rejuvenate
juxtaposition
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

kil(o)- thousand Greek

kine-, cine- movement, motion Greek

klept- steal Greek

kudo- glory Greek

 Etymology (root origin)

χίλιοι (chílioi)
κινεῖν (kineîn), κίνησις (kínēsis), κίν
ημα (kínēma)
κλέπτειν (kléptein), κλέπτης (kléptē
s)
κῦδος (kûdos)
 English examples

kilobyte, kilogram, kilometer

cinema, kinesthetic, kinetic, telekinesis

kleptomania, kleptoplasty

kudos
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

lab-,laps- slide, slip Latin

labi- lip Latin
labor- work Latin
lacer- tear Latin
lacrim- cry, tears Latin
lact- milk Latin
lamin- layer, slice Latin
lamp- torch Greek
lapid- stone Latin
larg- large Latin
larv- ghost, mask Latin
lat- broad, wide Latin
later- side Latin
laud-,laus- praise Latin
lav- wash Latin
lax- not tense Latin
lecith- egg yolk Greek
led-,les- hurt Latin

leg-,lect- read, gather Latin

leg- law Latin

leg- send Latin

lei- smooth Greek
lekan- dish, pot Greek
leni- gentle Latin
leon- lion Latin

lep- flake, scale Greek

lepsi- grasp, seize Greek

leuc-,leuk- white Greek

lev- lift, light, raise Latin

liber-,liver- free Latin

libr- book Latin
lig- bind Latin
limac- slug Latin
limpa- clear, water Latin
line- line Latin
line- smear, smudge Latin
lingu- language, tongue Latin
linqu-,lict- leave Latin
lip- fat Greek
liq- flow Latin
lit- prayer, supplication Greek
liter- letter Latin
lith- stone Greek
loc- place Latin

log-, -logy word, reason, speech,

Greek
thought

long- long Latin

loqu-,locut- speak Latin

luc- bright, light Latin

lud-,lus- play Latin

lumin- light Latin

lu-,luv-,lut- wash Latin

lun- moon Latin

luteo- yellow, golden Latin
lysi-,lyti- dissolving Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

labi, lapsus
labia, labiae
labor
lacer
lacrima
lac, lactis, lactare
lamina
λαμπάς (lampas)
lapis, lapidis
largus
larva
latus
latus, lateris
laudare "to praise"
lavare
laxus, laxare
λέκιθος (lekithos)
laedere, laesus

legere

lex, legis, legare

legare (fromlegis)
λεῖος (leios)
λεκάνη (lekanē)
lenis, lenire
leo, leonis
λέπειν, λεπίς, λεπίδος
(lepis,lepidos)
λῆψις (lēpsis)
λευκός (leukos)
levare "lighten, raise",
from levis"light" (in weight)
liber, liberare
liber, libri
ligare, ligatus
limax, limacis
limpa "water"
linea
linere
lingua
linquere, lictus
λίπος (lipos)
liquere
λιτή (lite)
littera
λίθος (lithos)
locus, locare

λόγος (logos),λογία (logia)

longus

loqui

lux (genitivelucis), lucere

ludere, lusus

luminare, fromlumen

luere (see
alsodiluere, fluereand pluere)

luna
lūteus
λύσις (lusis)
 English examples

elapse, relapse
bilabial, labial
collaboration, elaboration
laceration
lacrimal, lacrimous
lactate, lactation, lactose
laminate, lamination
lamp
dilapidate, lapidary
enlargement, large, largesse, largo
larva, larvae, larval
latitude
bilateral
laud, laudanum, laudable, laudation, summa cum laude
launder, laundry, lava, lavation, lavatory, lave, lavender, lavish, lotion
laxative, relaxation
lecithin
lesion
collect, diligence, election, intelligence, lectern, lecture, legend, legible, legion, lesson,
neglect, religion, sacrilege, select

legal, legislate, legislation, legislative, legislator, legislature, legitimate, legitimize, privilege

delegate, league, legacy, legato, relegate

leiomyoma
lekane
leniency
Leo, leonine, Leopold

Lepidoptera

epilepsy
leucocyte

alleviate, elevate, elevator, leaven, lever, leverage, levitation, levity, levy, relieve

deliver, deliverance, libel, liberal, liberalize, liberate, liberation, libertine, liberty

librarian, library
ligament, ligature
limacoid, limacon
limpid
line, linearity
delete, deletion, indelible, liniment
bilingual, linguistic
relict, relinquish
lipolysis
deliquesce, liquefy, liqueur, liquid, liquor, prolix
litany
alliteration, illiterate, literacy, literal, literary, literature, obliterate
lithic, lithosphere, megalith, Mesolithic, monolith, Neolithic, Paleolithic
allocate, local, locality, locate, location, locomotion, locus
analogy, anthology, apology, biology, dialogue doxology, ecology, epilogue, etymology,
eulogy, geology, ideologue, logarithm, logic, logogram, meteorology, monologue,
morphological, neologism, neurology, philology, prologue, psychology, tautology,
terminology, theology, toxicology, trilogy, zoology, logophile
elongate, longitude, oblong, prolong
allocution, circumlocution, colloquial, colloquy, elocution, eloquent, eloquence,
grandiloquent, interlocution, loquacious, loquacity, magniloquent, obloquy, soliloquy
elucidate, lucid, Lucifer (bearer of light), lucubrate, noctilucent, pellucid, translucent

allude, collude, delude, elude, elusive, elusory, illude, illusion, ludicrous, lusory, prelude

illumination, luminary, luminous
abluent, ablution, alluvium, colluvium, deluge, depollute, diluent, dilute, dilution, dilutive,
diluvial, diluvian, diluvium, elute, elution, eluvial, elluviation, eluvium, illuviation, illuvium,
lutaceous, lutite, pollution
luna, lunar, lunatic
luteal, corpus luteum, luteinizing hormone
analysis, analytic, cytolysis, hydrolysis, lysigeny
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

macer- lean Latin

macro- long Greek
magn- great, large Latin
maj- greater Latin

mal- bad, wretched Latin

mamm- breast Latin

man- flow Latin
man-(MAN-[20]) stay Latin

man-,manu- hand Latin

mand-,-mend- order, commit Latin

mania mental illness, craziness Greek

mar- sea Latin

mascul- male, man Latin

mater-,matr- mother Latin
maxim- greatest Latin
mechan- machine or instrument Greek

medi-,-midi- middle Latin

mega-,megal- great, large Greek

mei- less Greek
melan- black, dark Greek

melior- better Latin

mell- honey Latin

memor- remember Latin

men- month Greek

mening- membrane Greek

mend- defect, fault Latin

menstru- monthly Latin

mensur- measure Latin

ment- mind Latin

mer- part Greek

merc- reward, wages, hire Latin

merg-,mers- dip, plunge Latin

mes- middle Greek

meta- above, among, beyond Greek

meter-,metr- measure Greek

metr- mother Greek

mic- grain Latin

micro- small Greek
migr- wander Latin
milit- soldier Latin
mill- thousand Latin
millen- thousand each Latin

mim- repeat Greek

min- jut Latin

min- less, smaller Latin
mina- lead Latin
mir- wonder, amazement Latin

mis- hate Greek

misc-,mixt- mix Latin

miser- unhappy, wretched Latin
mit-,miss-(MIT-[21]) send Latin

mit- thread Greek

mne- memory Greek

mod- measure, change Latin

mol- grind Latin

moll- soft Latin

mon- alone, one Greek

mon- warn Latin

monil- string of beads Latin
monstra- show Latin
mont- mountain Latin
mor- foolish, dull Greek
mor- disposition Latin

mora- pause, delay Latin

mord- bite Latin

morph- form, shape Greek

mort- death Latin

mov-,mot- move,motion Latin

mulg-,muls- milk Latin

multi- many, much Latin
mund- world Latin
mur- wall Latin
mus- mouse Greek
mus- thief Latin
musc- fly Latin
mut- change Latin
my- shut (the eyes) Greek
myc- fungus Greek
myri- countless,ten thousand Greek
myrmec- ant Greek
myth- story Greek
myx- slime Greek

myz- suck Greek

 Etymology (root origin)

macer
μακρός(makrós)
magnus
major, majus

malus

mamma
mānāre,manatus

manēre,mansus

manus

mandāre,mandatus

μανία (manίā)

mare, maris

masculus,masculi
mater, matris
maximus
μηχανή(mēkhanḗ)

medius,mediare

μέγας, μεγάλου(mégas,megálou)
μεῖον (meiōn)
μέλας, μέλανος(melas,mélanos)
meliorare "to improve",
frommelior "better"
mel, mellis

memor

μήν (mḗn)

μήνιγξ, μῆνιγγος(meninx, mēningos)

mendax "lying, a liar",

frommenda "defect, fault"
menstruus
mensura"measurement",
from metiri "to measure"

mens, mentis

μείρεσθαι(meíresthai),μέρος (méro
s)

merx (genitivemercis)

mergere
μέσος (mésos)

μετά (metá)

μέτρον (métron)

μήτηρ, μητρός(mḗtēr, mētrós), μητρικός (mētrikós)

mica
μικρός (mikrós)
migrare
mīles, militis
mille
milleni
μιμεῖσθαι(mīmeîsthai),μίμος (mimo
s)
minere
minor, minus
minare, variant of minari
miror, mirari,miratus sum

μισεῖν (miseîn),μῖσος (mîsos)

miscere, mixtus
miser
mittere, missus

μίτος (mítos)
μνήμη (mnēmē)

modus"measure"

mola, molere,molitus
mollis

μόνος (mónos)

monere
monile
monstrare
mons, montis
μωρός (mōrós) "foolish, dull"
mos
morari "to delay", frommora "a
pause, delay"
mordere,morsus

μορφή(morphē)

mors, mortis

movere, motus

mulgere
multus
mundus
mūrus, muri
μῦς, μυός (mûs,muós)
mus, muris
musca, muscae
mutare
μύειν (múein), μύσις
μύκης, μύκητος(múkēs, múkētos)
μυρίος (muríos)
μύρμηξ(múrmēx)
μῦθος (mûthos)
μύξα (múxa)

μυζάω (muzáō), μύζησις (múzēsis)
 English examples

emaciate, meager
macrobiotic, macroeconomics, macron
magnanimity, magnanimous, magnate, magnificent, magnify, magnitude, magnum
majesty, major, majority, majuscule, mayor, semimajor, supermajority

dismal, grand mal, malady, malaise, malediction, malefaction, malevolent, malfeasance,

malfunction, malice, malicious, malignancy, malnourished, malodorous, premalignant

mammal, mammary
emanate, emanationism, immanant, immanation

immanence, immanent, manse, mansion, permanence, permanent, remanence, remanent

amanuensis, Bimana, bimanous, bimanual, emancipate, manacle, manage, mandamus,

maneuver, manicure, manifest, maniple, manual, manufacture,
manumit, manuscript, Quadrumana, quadrumanous
command, commend, commendation, countermand, demand, mandate, mandatory,
recommend, remand

kleptomania, mania, maniac, pyromania

mariculture, marinade, marinate, marination, marine, maritime, submarine, ultramarine

emasculate, masculine
maternal, maternity, matrimony, matrix, matron
maxim, maximal, maximum
mechane, mechanics, mechanophobia

dimidiation, immediate, intermediary, mean, media, median, mediate, mediation, medieval,

mediocre, Mediterranean, medium, moiety, multimedia, postmeridian, submediant

megacycle, megalomania, megalopolis, megaphone

ameiosis, ameiotic, meiosis, meiotic
Melanesia, melanism, melanoma, melatonin, melancholy
ameliorate, amelioration, meliorism

mellifluous, melliloquent, mellivorous

commemorate, immemorial, memoir, memorabilia,
memorable, memorandum, memorial, memory, remembrance
menopause, menorrhea

meningitis, meninx

amend, amendment, emend, mendacious, mendacity

menstrual, menstruation
commensurable, commensurate, dimension, immense, incommensurable,
incommensurate, measure
comment, dement, dementia, memento, mental, mentality, mention, reminisce,
reminiscence

antimere, isomer, meristem, metamere, monomer, pentamer, polymer, tautomerism

amercement, commerce, commercial, market,

mercantile, mercenary, mercery, merchandise, merchant, mercy, noncommercial
emerge, immersion
Mesolithic, mesozoic

metabolism, metamorphic, metamorphosis, metaphase, metaphor, metaphysics, metastatic, meteor, method

altimeter, barometer, diameter, hexameter, isometric, meter, metre, metric, metrology,

metronome, parameter, pentameter, perimeter, symmetric, telemetry,
tetrameter, thermometer

metrocyte, metropolis

mica, micelle
microcosm, microeconomics, micrometer, microphone, microscope, microscopic
emigrant, immigrant, migrant, migrate, migration
militant, military, militia
mile, millennium, million
millenarian, millenary

mime, mimeograph, mimesis, mimetic, mimic, pantomime

eminent, imminent, prominent

minority, minuscule, minutiae
amenable, demeanor, menace, promenade
admire, miracle, mirror

misandrist, misandry, misanthrope, misanthropy, misocainea, misogamist,

misogamy, misogynist, misogyny,misoneism, misopaedia, misophonia, misotheism

miscellaneous, mixture
commiseration, miser, miserable, misery
admissibility, admissible, admission, admissive, admit, admittatur, admittee, commissar,
commissariat, commissary, commission, commissive, commissural, commissure, commit,
commitment, committal, committee, compromis,compromise, compromissary,
decommission, decommit, decommitment, demise, demiss, demit, dimissory, dimit,
dismiss, dismissal, dismissive, emissary, emission, emissitious, emissive, emissivity, emit,
emittent, entremet, fideicommissary, fideicommissum, impermissible, inadmissibility,
inadmissible, intermission, intermittent, intromissible, intromission, intromissive, intromit,
intromittent, manumission, manumit, mess, message, messenger, missile,
mission, missionary, missive, mittimus, noncommittal, omissible, omission, omissive, omit,
permissible, permission, permissive, permissory, permit, permittee, premise, premiss,
premit, pretermission, pretermit, promise, promisee, promissive, promissory, readmission,
readmit, recommit, remise, remiss, remissible, remission, remissive, remissory, remit,
remittal, remittance, remittee, remittence, remittent, remittitur resubmit, retransmission,
retransmit, subcommittee, submission, submissive, submit, surmise, transmissibility,
transmissible, transmission, transmissive, transmit, transmittal
mitochondrion, mitosis, mitospore
amnesia, amnesty, dysmnesia, mnemonic

mode, model, moderate, moderation, moderato, moderator, modern, modest, modicum, modify, modification

molar
emollient, mollify
monachism, monadic, monarchy, monastery, monastic, monatomic, monism, monk,
monoid, monolith, monometer, monopoly, monopsony, monotone
admonish, monitor, monster, monument, premonition, summon
Moniliformida
demonstrate, muster, remonstrate
Montana
moron, moronic, oxymoron, oxymoronic, sophomore, sophomoric
moral, morose

demur, moratorium, remora

mordacious, morsel, remorse

allomorph, amorphous, anamorphic, anamorphosis, anthropomorphism, apomorphy,
dimorphic, dysmorphic, endomorph, hemimorphic,
holomorphic, metamorphosis, morpheme, morphology, perimorph, plesiomorphy,
polymorphic, synapomorphy
immortal, immortality, mortal, mortality, mortician, mortuary
commotion, emotion, mobile, momentum, motile, motion, motive, motor, move,
movement, mutiny, promote, remove
emulsion
multilingual, multiple, multiplex, multiplication, multiply, multitude
anima mundi, map, mundane
immurement, murage, mural
musophobia
mouse
Musca, Muscicapidae, Muscidae, mosquito
immutable, mutation
miosis, myopia, myopic, myosis, mystery
ascomycete, basidiomycete, mycology, Mycoplasma, zygomycete, zygomycosis
myriad, myriapod, myriapodology
myrmecochory, myrmecoid, myrmecology, myrmecophobia, Myrmidons
mythic, mythology, mythomania, mythos
Myxini

Myzopoda
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

nar- nostril Latin

narc- numb Greek
narr- tell Latin
nas- nose Latin

nasc-, nat- born Latin

naut- ship Greek

nav- ship Latin
ne-, neo- new Greek
neb-, nub- cloud Latin
necr- dead Greek
nect- swimming Greek
nect-, nex- join, tie Latin
neg- say no Latin
nema- hair Greek
nemor- grove, woods Latin
nephr- kidney Greek
nerv- sinew, nerve Latin
nes- island Greek
neur- nerve Greek
nict- beckon, wink Latin
nigr- black Latin
nihil- nothing Latin
noc- hurt, harm Latin
noct- night Latin
nod- knot Latin

nom- arrangement, law, order Greek

those who let pasture

nomad- Greek
herds
nomen-,nomin- name Latin
non- not Latin
non- ninth Latin
nonagen- ninety each Latin
nonagesim- ninetieth Latin
not- back, south Greek

not- letter, note, paper Latin

noth- spurious Greek

nov- nine Latin
nov- new Latin
noven- nine each Latin
novendec- nineteen Latin
nox-, noc- harmful Latin
nu- nod Latin
nub-, nupt- to marry, to wed Latin
nuc- nut Latin
nuch- back of neck Latin
nud- naked Latin
null- none Latin
numer- number Latin
nunci- announce Latin
nutri- nourish Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

naris
νάρκη (narkē)
narrare
nasus
nascere, nasci (past
participle natus)
ναύτης (nautes)
navis
νέος (neos)
nebula, nubes
νεκρός (nekros)
νηκτός (nēktos)
nectere, nexus
negare
νῆμα (nēma)
nemus, nemoris
νεφρός (nephros)
nervus
νῆσος (nēsos)
νευρών (neurōn)
nictari
niger
nihilum
nocere
nox (genitive noctis)
nodus

νόμος (nomos)

νομάς, νομάδος (nomas,nomados)

nomen, nominis
non
nonus
nonageni
nonagesimus
νότος (notos)

notare

νόθος (nothos)
novem
novus
noveni
novendecim
noxa
nuere
nubes, nubis, nubere
nux, nucis
nucha
nudus
nullus
numerus
nuntius
nutrire
 English examples

naris
narcolepsy, narcosis, narcotic
narrative
nasal
innate, nascent, natal, native, renaissance

Argonaut, astronaut, nautical

naval
Neolithic, neologism, neonate, neophyte
nebula, nebulosity, nebulous, nuance, nubilous, obnubilate
necrophobia
nectopod
connect, nexus
negative, renegade, renege
nematode
nemoral
nephritis
enervate, innervate, nerve, nervous
Polynesia
neural, neuritis, neurologist, neurology, neuron, neuropathic, neurosurgeon, neurotic
nictation
denigrate
annihilation, nihilism
innocent, innocuous, nociception, nociceptive, nocuous, nuisance
equinox, noctambulist, noctilucent, nocturnal
denouement, node, nodule
agronomy, astronomy, autonomous, autonomy, bionomics, economics,
economy, gastronomy, metronome, numismatic, polynomial, taxonomy

nomadic

nomenclature, nominate, nomination, ignominious, ignominy

none
nonary
nonagenary
nonagesimal
notochord

annotation, connotation, connote, denotation, denote, notable, notary, notate, notation

nothogenus
November, novennial
innovate, innovation, nova, novel, novice, renovate
novenary
novemdecillion
noxious, obnoxious
innuendo
connubial, nubile, prenuptial
nuclear, nucleus
nuchal cord
denude, nudist, nudity
nullify
enumerate, innumerable, numeral, numeration
pronunciation
malnutrition, nutrient
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

ob-, o-, oc-, of-,og-, op

against Latin
-, os-
oct- eight Greek
oct- eight Latin
octav- eighth Latin
octogen- eighty each Latin
octogesim- eightieth Latin
octon- eight each Latin
ocul- eye Latin
od- path, way Greek
odi- hate Latin

odont- tooth Greek

odor- fragrant Latin

odyn- pain Greek

oeco- house Greek

oed- swell, swollen Greek

oen- wine Greek
oesophag- gullet Greek
ogdo- eighth Greek
-oid like Greek
ole- oil Latin

olecran- skull of elbow Latin from Greek

olig- few Greek

oliv- olive Latin
om- shoulder Greek
-oma morbid growth, tumor Greek
omas- paunch Latin
oment- fat skin Latin
omin- creepy Latin

omm- eye Greek

omni- all Latin

omphal- navel Greek
oner- burden Latin
onom- name Greek
ont- existing Greek
-onym name Greek

oo- egg Greek

opac- shady Latin

oper- work Latin
opercul- little cover Latin
ophi- snake Greek
ophthalm- eye Greek
opisth- behind Greek
hopoter- either Greek
opt- eye Greek
opt- choose Latin
optim- best Latin
or- mouth Latin
ora- pray, plead Latin
orb- circle Latin
orch- testicle Greek
ordin- order Latin
Latin (from
orex- longing, appetite
Greek)
organ- organ, instrument, tool Greek
ori-, ort- eastern Latin
orn- decorate Latin
ornith- bird Greek

orth- straight Greek

oscill- swing Latin

oss- bone Latin
osteo- bone Greek
osti- entrance Latin
ostrac- shell Greek
ot- ear Greek
ov- egg Latin
-over- close, cover Latin
ovi- sheep Latin
oxy- sharp, pointed Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

ob

ὀκτώ (oktō)
octō
octāvus
octogeni
octogesimus
octoni
oculus, oculare
ὁδός (hodos)
odium

ὀδούς, ὀδόντος (odoús,odóntos)

odor
ὀδύνη (odúnē)

οἶκος (oikos)

οἴδημα, οἴδηματος(oídēma)
οἶνος (oînos)
οἰσοφάγος (oisophágos)
ὄγδοος (ógdoos)
-οειδής (-oeidēs)
oleum

ὠλέκρανον (ōlékranon)

ὀλίγος (oligos)
oliva
ὦμος (ṓmos), ὠμία (ōmía)
-ωμα
omasum
omentum
omen, ominis

ὁράω, ὦμμαι, ὄμμα, ὄμματος (ómma)

omnis
ὀμφαλός (omphalós)
onus, oneris
όνομα, ὀνόματος(ónoma)
ὄντος, ὀντότης (óntos,ontótēs)
ὄνυμα (ónuma)

ᾠόν (ōión)

opacus
opus, operis
operculum
ὄφις, ὄφεως (ophis)
ὀφθαλμός (ophthalmós)
ὄπισθεν (ópisthen)
ὁπότερος (hopóteros)
ὀπτός (optos)
optare
optimus
os (genitive oris) "mouth"
orare "to pray, plead"
orbis
ὄρχις (orchis)
ōrdō, ordinis

orexis, (oreksis)

ὄργανον (órganon)
oriri, ortus
ōrnāre
ὄρνις, ὄρνιθος (órnis,órnithos)

ὀρθός (orthós)

oscillum
os, ossis
ὀστοῦν (ostoun)
ostium
ὄστρακον (ostrakon)
οὖς, ωτός (ous, ōtos)
ovum
operire "to close, cover"
ovis
ὀξύς (oxus)
 English examples

obduracy, obdurate, obduration, obfuscate, oblique, obliquity, obstinate, obstreperous,

occur, offend, omit, oppose, ostensible, ostentatious
octagon, octahedron, octode
octangular, octennial, octovir
octaval
octogenarian, octogenary
octogesimal
octonary
ocular, oculus, ullage
anode, diode, odometer, pentode, tetrode, triode
odious
anodontia, conodont, dicynodont, macrodontia, odontoid, odontology, orthodontics,
orthodontist, periodontal, smilodon, Zanclodon
malodorous, odoriferous, odorous
allodynia, mastodynia, pleurodynia
archdiocese, dioecious, ecesis, ecology/oecology, heteroecious,
oikology, oikophobia, parish, paroecious, trioecious
angioedema, edema/oedema, edematous/oedematous
oenology
oesophagus
ogdoad
asteroid, mucoid, organoid
oleosity
olecranon

oligarchy, Oligocene, oligopoly, oligosaccharide, oligotrohic
olivaceous, olivary, olivette
omohyoid, omophorion
melanoma
abomasum, omasum
omental
abominable, ominous

ommatidium, ommatophore

omnipotence, omnipresent, omniscient, omnivore

omphalectomy, omphalic, omphalophobia
exonerate, onerous
onomastic, onomasticon, onomatopoeia
ontogeny, ontology
anonymous, antonym, allonym, cryptonym, eponymy,
euonym, homonym, metonymy,pseudonym, synonym
dioon, oidioid, oidium, ooblast,
oocyst, oocyte, oogenesis, oogonium, ootheca, ootid,ootidogenesis
opacity
cooperate, inoperable, opera, operate, opus
operculum
ophiophagy, Ophisaurus, Ophisops, ophitic
exophthalmic, exophthalmos, ophthalmic, ophthalmology, xerophthalmia
opisthosoma, opsimath

optical, panoptic
adopt, optional
optimum
oral, orifice
adore, adoration, inexorable, oracle, orate, oration, orator, oratory, orison
orbit
orchid
ordinal, ordinary

anorexia, orectic
organic, organism, organogenesis
orient
adorn, ornament, ornate
ornithology
orthodontist, orthodox, orthodoxy, orthopedic, orthosis, orthostat, orthostyle, orthotic,
unorthodox
oscillation
ossification
osteoporosis
ostiole
ostracism, ostracoderm
otology
oval, ovary, ovule
cover, covert, coverture, discover, operculum
ovine
oxygen, oxymoron
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

pac- peace Latin

pach- thick Greek
pact- fasten Latin

paed- child Greek

pagin- page Latin

pal- stake Latin

palae-, pale- ancient, old Greek

palin- back Greek

pall- be pale Latin

palli- cloak Latin

palm- palm Latin

palp- touch Latin
palustr- in marshes Latin
pan-, pam- all Greek
pand-,pans- spread Latin
par- equal Latin
order, prepare, provide,
par- Latin
procure
para- beside, near Greek
parc-, pars- spare, save Latin
pariet- wall Latin

part- part Latin

parthen- maiden Greek

parv- little Latin
pasc-, past- feed Latin
pass- pace, step Latin
passer- sparrow Latin
pat- be open Latin
path- feeling, disease Greek
pater-, patr- father Latin
pater-, patr- father Greek
suffer, feel, endure,
pati-, pass- Latin
permit
pauc- few Latin
pav- beat Latin
pecc- sin Latin

pect- fixed Greek

pector- chest Latin

pecu- property Latin

ped- foot Latin

pejor- worse Latin

pell-, puls- drive, push Latin

pen- almost Latin

pen-, poen-,puni- punish Latin

pend-,pens- hang Latin

penn-, pinn- feather Latin

pent- five Greek
pentecost- fiftieth Greek
pept- digest Greek
per- thoroughly, through Latin
peran- across, beyond Greek
peri- around Greek
persic- peach Greek
pessim- worst Latin

pet- strive toward Latin

petr- rock Greek

phae- dark Greek
phag- eat Greek
close formation of troops,
phalang- Greek
finger bones
phalar- having a patch of white Greek
pharmac- drug, medicine Greek

phan-,phen- to show, visible Greek

pher-, phor- bear, carry Greek

phil-, -phile love, friendship Greek

phleg- heat, inflammation Greek

phloe- tree bark Greek

phob- fear Greek

phon- sound Greek

phos-, phot- light Greek

phragm- fence Greek

phren- diaphragm, mind Greek
phryn- toad, toad-like Greek
phyl- tribe Greek
phyll- leaf Greek
physi- nature Greek
physalid- bladder Greek
phyt- plant Greek
pi- kind, devout, pity Latin
pic- pitch Latin
pil- hair Latin
pil- pillar, ball Latin
pin- drink Greek
pin- pine Latin
ping-, pict- paint Latin
pingu- fat Latin
pir- pear Latin
pisc- fish Latin
pis- pea Greek
plac- plate, tablet Greek
plac- calm Latin
plac-, plea- please Latin
plagi- oblique Greek
plan- flat Latin
plang-,planct- Latin
plas- mould Greek
platy- flat, broad Greek
plaud-, -plod-,plaus-, -
approve, clap Latin
plos-
ple-, plet- fill Latin
pleb- people Latin
plec- interwoven Greek
plect-, plex- plait Latin
plen- full Latin
plesi- near Greek
pleth- full Greek
pleur- side Greek
plic- fold Latin

plinth- brick Greek

plor- Latin
plu- rain Latin
plum- feather Latin
plumb- lead Latin
plur-, plus- more Latin
plurim- most Latin
plut- wealth Greek
pneu- air, breath, lung Greek
pod- foot Greek

pogon- beard Greek

poie- make Greek

pol- pole Greek
pole-, poli- city Greek
polem- war Greek
poli- grey Greek
pollic- thumb Latin
pollin- fine flour Latin
poly- many Greek

pon-, posit- put Latin

ponder- weight Latin

pont- bridge Latin
popul- people Latin
por- passage Greek
porc- pig Latin
porn- prostitute Greek
porphyr- purple Greek

port- carry Latin

portion- part, share Latin portio

post- after, behind Latin

pot- power Latin

pot- drink Latin

potam- river Greek
prasin- leek-green Greek
prat- meadow Latin
prav- crooked Latin
pre- before Latin
prec- pray Latin

pred- prey Latin

prehend-,prend-,preh
grasp Latin
ens-
prem-, -prim-, press- press Latin
presby- old Greek
preter- past Latin
preti- price Latin
prim- first Latin
prior- former Latin
priv- separate Latin
pro- before, in front of Greek
pro- for, forward Latin

prob- worthy, good Latin

proct- anus Greek

prodig- waste Latin

prodig- prodigy Latin

propri- property; one's own Latin

pros- forward Greek

prot- first Greek
proxim- nearest Latin
prun- plum Latin
psamm- sand Greek
pseud- 0 Greek
psil- bare Greek
psych- mind Greek
psychr- cold Greek
pter- wing, fern Greek
pto- fall Greek
pty- saliva Greek
ptych- fold, layer Greek
pub- sexually mature Latin
public- public Latin
pude- shame Latin

pug-, pugn- fight Latin

pulchr- beautiful Latin

pulmon- lung Latin
pulver- dust Latin

pung-,punct- prick Latin

pup- doll Latin

pur- pure Latin

purg- cleanse Latin

purpur- purple Latin
put- prune, reckon Latin
pyg- rump Greek
pyl- gate Greek
pyr- heat, fire Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

pax, pacis
παχύς (pachus)
pangere "to fix, fasten"

παῖς (pais), genitive παιδός (paidos)

pagina
palus

παλαιός (palaios)

πάλιν (palin)
pallere
palliare "to cover, cloak",
frompallium "cloak"
palma
palpare
paluster
πᾶς, παντός (pas, pantos)
pandere, pansus
par

parare

παρά (para)
parcere, parsus
paries, parietis

pars, partis
παρθένος (parthenos)
parvus
pascere, pastus
passus
passer
patere
πάθος (pathos)
pater (genitive patris)
πατήρ, πατριά (patēr, patria)
pati, passus

paucus
pavire
peccatum "sin, fault, error",
frompeccare "to miss, mistake"
πηκτός (pēktos)
pectus, pectoris
pecunia "property",
from pecu"cattle"
pes, pedis
pejor

pellere, pulsus

paene

punire "punish" (earlier poenire),

from poena "punishment"

pensare, frequentative of pendere

penna, pinna
πέντε (pente)
πεντηκοστός (pentēkostos)
πέσσειν, πεπτός (pessein, peptos)
per
πέραν (peran)
περί (peri)
περσικός (persikos)
pessimus

petere

πέτρα (petra)
φαιός (phaios)
φαγεῖν (phagein)

φάλαγξ, φάλαγγος (phalanx,phalangos)

φάλαρος (phalāros)[22]
φάρμακον (pharmakon)

φαινειν (phainein)

φέρω (pherō), φόρος (phoros)

φιλέω (phileō, philia)
ϕλέγω (phlegein) "to
burn", φλέγω(phlegō)
φλοιός (phloios)
φόβος (phobos)

φωνή (phōnē)

φῶς, φωτός (phōs, phōtos)

φράγμα (phragma)
φρήν, φρενός (phrēn, phrenos)
φρύνη (phrunē)
φύλον (phulon)
φύλλον (phullon)
φύσις (phusis)
φυσαλ(λ)ίς (phusal(l)is)
φυτόν (phuton)
pius
pix, picis
pilus
pila
πίνειν (pinein)
pinus
pingere, pictus
pinguis
pirus
piscis
πίσος (pisos)
πλάξ, πλακός (plax, plakos)
placare, placatus
placēre, placitus
πλάγιος (plagios)
planus
plangere, planctus
πλάθω (plathō)
πλατύς (platus)

plaudere, plausus

plere
plebs, plebis
πλέκω (plekō)
plectere, plexus
plenus
πλησίος (plēsios)
πλῆθος (plēthos)
πλευρά (pleura)
plicare, plicatus

πλίνθος (plinthos)
plorare
pluere, see also pluvia
pluma
plumbum
plus, pluris
plurimus
πλοῦτος (ploutos)
pnein, πνεῦμα (pneuma)
πούς, ποδός (pous, podos)

πώγων, πώγωνος (pōgōn,pōgōnos)

ποιέω (poieō)
πόλος (polos)
πόλις (polis)
πόλεμος (polemos)
πολιός (polios)
pollex, pollicis
pollen, pollinis
πολύς (polus)

ponere, positus

pondus, ponderis, ponderare
pons, pontis
populus, populare
πόρος (poros)
porcus
πόρνη (pornē)
πορφύρα (porphura)

portare "to carry", porta "gate"

portion, proportion
post
potere "be powerful",
from potis"powerful, able"
potus, potare
ποταμός (potamos)
πράσινος (prasinos)
pratum
pravus
prae
precāri "to ask, beg, pray",
fromprex "prayer"
praedari "plunder",
from praeda"prey"

prehendere, prehensus

premere, pressus
πρέσβυς (presbus)
praeter
pretium, pretiare
primus
prior
privus, privare, privatus
πρό (pro)
pro
probare "prove to be
worthy",probus
πρωκτός (prōktos)

prodigus "wasteful",
fromprodigere "drive away, waste"

prodigium "prodigy"
proprietas "appropriateness,
property, ownership",
fromproprius "one's own"
πρός (pros)
πρῶτος (prōtos)
proximus, proximare
prunus
ψάμμος (psammos)
ψευδής (pseudēs)
ψιλός (psilos)
ψυχή (psuchē)
ψυχρός (psuchros)
πτερόν (pteron)
πτῶσις (ptōsis)
πτύον (ptuon)
πτύξ, πτυχή (ptuchē)
pubes, puberis
publicus
pudere
pugnare "to fight",
from pugnus"fist"
pulcher, pulchri
pulmo, pulmonis
pulvis, pulveris

pungere, punctus

pupa

purare "to purify", from purus"pure"

purgare
purpura
putāre
πυγή (pugē)
πυλών, πυλῶνος (pulōn, pulōnos)
πῦρ, πυρός (pur, puros)
 English examples

appease, Pacific Ocean, pacifism, pacifist, pacify

pachydermata, Pachypodium
compact, impact, impaction, impinge, pact, page, propagate

orthopedic, paediatric, page, pedagogue, pedagogy, pedant, pedantic, pediatric, pedophilia

pagination
impalement, pale

Paleo Diet, Paleolithic era, paleomagnetism, paleontology, paleopsychology, Paleozoic

palindrome
pallid, pallor

pall, palliate, palliative, pallium

palmate
palp, palpable, palpate, palpation, palpitant, palpitation
palustral
Pan-American, panacea, pandemic, pandemonium, panoply, panoptic
expand, expansion
compare, disparage, par, parity, peer, subpar
apparatus, disparate, empire, imperative, imperious, pare, prepare, repair, separate,
sever, vituperate
parable, paradox, parallel, parameter, parody
parcity, parsimony
parietal
apart, bipartite, compartment, depart, impartial, parcel, part, partial, participate, particle,
partisan, partition
Parthenon, parthenogenesis
parvovirus
pastor, pasture, repast

passeriform, passerine
paten, patent
antipathy, apathy, empathy, pathetic, pathogen, pathology, sympathy
paternity, patrilocal, patriot, patron, patronage, patronize
patriarch

passion, passive, patience

paucal, pauciloquent, paucity

pave, pavement
impeccable, peccadillo, peccant, peccavi
pectic, pectin
pectoral

peculiar, pecuniary, pecunious

centipede, impede, pedal, pedestrian
pejorative
appulse, compel, compulsory, dispel, expel, expulsion, impel, impulse, propel,
propellent,propulsion, propulsive, propulsor, pulsate, pulse, push, repel, repellent,
repulsive
peninsula, penultimate, penumbra

impune, impunity, pain, penal, penalize, penalty, penance, penitence, penitent,

penitentiary, pine, punish, punitive, repent, subpoena

append, penchant, pendant, pending, pendulum, pensive, prepense, suspend, suspense

pennate, pinnacle, pinnate, pinnule
pentagon, pentagram, pentagrid, pentode
pentecostalism
dyspepsia, peptic, peptide, peptone
perfection, permeate, pernicious, persistence, peruse, pervade
Perates
perigee, perihelion, perimeter, peripheral, periscope

pessimal

appetite, compete, competition, impetus, petition, petulant, propitiate, repeat, repetition

petroglyph
phaeomelanin, pheochrome
bacteriophage, macrophage, phagocyte, sarcophagus

phalanges

phalarope
pharmacy

diaphanous, emphasis, epiphany, fantasy, phanerozoic, phantasm, phantom, phase,

phene, phenetic, phenology, phenomenon, photic, sycophant, theophany, tryptophan

metaphor, pheromone
bibliophile, hydrophile, philanthropy, philharmonic, philosophy

phlegm, phlegmatic

phlobaphene, phloem
acrophobia, arachnophobia, claustrophobia, ergophobia, homophobia, hydrophobia, zeusophobia

cacophony, euphony, homophone, microphone, phonetic, phonograph, symphony

phosphor, phosphorus, photic, photo, photoelectric, photogenic, photograph,
photosynthesis
diaphragm
frenetic, schizophrenia
Phrynobatrachus
phylogenetics, phylum
chlorophyll, phyllotaxis
physics
physalis
neophyte, phytoplankton
expiate, impious, piety, pious, pity
piceous
depilatory, epilator
pile, pill, pillar, pillory
pinocytosis
pineal gland
depiction, picture, pigment
Pinguicula, pinguitude
piriformis muscle
Pisces, piscivore

duplex, duplicity
implacable, placable, placate, please, supple
complacent, complaisant, displease, placebo, placid, plea, please, pleasure
plagiocephaly, plagioclase
explanation, planar, plane
plangent
plasma, plastic
plaice, plateau, platitude, platypus

applaud, applause, explosion, implode, plaudits, plausible

complement, complete, deplete, implement, replete, suppletion, supply

plebeian, plebs
plectics, symplectomorphism
perplex
plenary, plenitude, plenty, replenish
plesiosaur
plethora
pleuritis
appliance, application, apply, duplication, explicate, explicit, implicate, implicit, imply, ply,
replicate, supplicant, supplicate, supplication
Plinthograptis
implore
pluvial
plumage, plumate
plumber
double, plural, pluralist, plus, quadruple, surplus, triple
plurimal
plutocracy
apnoea, pneumatic, pneumonia
antipode, podiatry, tripod

pogonotrophy

poet, poiesis
dipole, polar
acropolis, cosmopolitan, megalopolis, metropolis, police, policy, politics
polemarch, polemic, polemology
poliomyelitis
pollicate
pollination
polyandry, polygamy, polygon, polysaccharide, polytheistic
apposite, apropos, component, depose, deposit, exponent, expose, expound, impose,
impound, opponent, position, positive, postpone, posture, propone, proponent, proposition,
propound, repose
ponder, preponderance
pontoon
population, popular, populous
pore, porosity
porcine, pork
pornography
porphyrin
comportment, deport, export, import, port, portable, portage, portal, porter, portfolio,
purport, rapport, report, support, transport

posterior, posterity, postscript

despot, impotent, possess, potent, potentate, potential, power

potable, potion
hippopotamus, Mesopotamia
prasinous

depravity
previous
deprecation, imprecation, pray, prayer, precarious

depredate, predation, predator, predatory, prey

apprehend, comprehend, comprehensive, enterprise, prehensility, prehension, prey, prison, prize, reprehend, surprise

pressure
Presbyterianism
preterite, pretermission

primacy, primal, primary, prime, primeval, primitive

priority
deprivation, privilege
prologue, prostate
procrastinate, propel, propulsion

approbation, approve, disapprobation, opprobrium, probable, probation, probe, probity, proof, prove, reprobate, reprove

proctology

prodigal, prodigality

prodigious, prodigy

appropriate, proper, property, proprietary, proprietor, propriety

prosenchyma, prosthesis
protagonist, Proterozoic, protocol, protoindustrial, protoplasm, prototype, protozoan
approximate, proximity
prune
psammite, psammophyte, psammosere, psammous
pseudonym
epsilon, psilocybin
psyche, psychiatry, psychology, psychosis
psychrometer
helicopter, pterodactyl
ptosis
ptyalin
triptych
pubescent, pubic
publication, publicity
impudent, pudendum, repudiate

impugn, pugilism, pugnacious, repugnant

pulchritude
pulmonary
pulverize

acupuncture, expunge, poignant, point, punch, punctual, punctuation, puncture, pungent

pupa, pupate, puppet

impurity, pure, puree, purge, purify, purity

expurgate, purgatory, purge
purpurate, purpureal
amputation, compute, dispute, impute, putative, reputation
callipygian, pygostyle
pylon
pyrolysis
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

quadr- four Latin

quadragen- forty each Latin

quadragesim- fortieth Latin

quart- fourth Latin

quasi- as if Latin
quatern- four each Latin

quati-, -cuti-,quass-, -
shake Latin
cuss-

quer-, -quir-,quesit-, -
search, seek Latin
quisit-

qui- rest Latin

quin- five each Latin

quindecim- fifteenth Latin
quinden- fifteen each Latin

quinque- five Latin

quint- fifth Latin

quot- how many, how great Latin

 Etymology (root origin)

quattuor

quadrageni
quadragesimus
quartus

quasi
quaternī

quatere

quaerere,quaesītus

quies, quiētus

quini
quindecimus
quindeni

quinque

quintus

quotiens
 English examples

quadrangle, quadrennial, quadriceps, quadrifarious, quadrifid, quadrifolium,

quadrifrons, quadrilateral, quadrilingual, quadriliteral, quadrillion, quadrimester,
quadrinational, quadrinodal, quadrinomial, quadrinominal, quadripara, quadrireme,
quadrisection, quadrivalent, quadrivium, quadruped, quadruple, quadruplet, quadruplex,
quadruplicate, quatrain, quatre, quatrefoil
quadragenarian, quadragenary
Quadragesima, quadragesimal
inquartation, interquartile, quadroon, quart, quartal, quartan, quartary, quarte,
quarter, quartermaster, quartet,quartic, quartile, quartine, quarto, semiquartile
quasar
biquaternion, quatern, quaternary, quaternate, quaternion, quaternity, quire
cassate, cassation, concussion, concussive, conquassate, decussation, discuss,
discussion, discussive, discutient, excuss, excussio, excussion, fracas,
percuss, percussion, percussive, percussor, quash, quassation, recussion, repercussion,
rescue, squash, squassation, subconcussive, succuss, succussation, succussion,
succussive

acquest, acquire, acquiree, acquirement, acquisite, acquisition, acquisitive, acquisitory,

conquer, conquest, corequisite, disquisition, exquire, exquisite, inquest, inquire,
inquiry, inquisition, inquisitive, inquisitor, inquisitorial, inquisitory, perquisite, perquisition,
prerequisite, quaere, quaestor, query, quest, question, questionable,
questionary, questionnaire, questor, reconquer, reconquest, request, require, requirement,
requisite, requisition, requisitive, requisitor, requisitory
acquiesce, acquiescence, acquiescent, acquit, acquittal, acquittance, inquietude,
quiescence, quiescent, quiet, quietude, quietus, quit, requiem, requiescat
biquinary, quinarius, quinary, quinate
quindecimal
quindenary

cinquain, cinque, quinquefoil, quinquennial, quinquennium, quinquepartite, quinquevalent

biquintile, quint, quinta, quintal, quintan, quintant, quintary, quinte, quintessence,

quintessential, quintic, quintile, quintipara, quintus, semiquintile
quota, quotient, subquotient
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

rad-,ras- scrape, shave Latin

radi- beam, spoke Latin

radic- root Latin
ram- branch Latin
ran- frog Latin
rancidness, grudge,
ranc- Latin
bitterness

rap- rob, seize Latin

rap- turnip Latin

raph- seam Greek

rar- rare Latin

rauc- harsh, hoarse Latin
re-, red- again, back Latin

rect-,reg-, -rig- straight, direct Latin

reg-,rex- king Latin

regul- rule Latin
rem- oar Latin
ren- kidney Latin
rep-,rept- crawl, creep Latin

resid- left behind Latin

ret- net Latin

retro- backward, behind Latin
rhabd- rod Greek
rhach-,rach- spine Greek

rhag- rend, tear Greek

rhe- flow Greek

rhig- chill Greek

rhin- nose, snout Greek

rhiz- root Greek

rhod- rose Greek

rhomb- spinning top Greek
rhynch- snout Greek

rid-, ris- laugh Latin

robor- oak, strength Latin

rod-,ros- gnaw Latin

rog- ask Latin

rostr- beak, prow Latin

rot- wheel Latin
ruber-,rubr- red Latin
unskilled, rough,
rudi- Latin
unlearned
rug- wrinkle Latin
rumin- throat Latin
rump-,rupt- break Latin
rur- country Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

radere, rasus
radius, radiare
rādix, rādīcis
rāmus
rana
rancere

rapere, raptus

rapum

ῥάπτειν (rháptein), ῤαφή (rhaphḗ)

rarus
raucus
re-
regere "to direct, lead straight,
guide", related rectus "straight,
right"
rex (genitive regis)
regula "to rule"
remus
renes
repere, reptus
residere "remain behind" (see
also sedere)
rete
retro
ῥάβδος (rhábdos)
ῥάχις, ῥάχεως (rháchis)

ῥαγίζω, ῥῆξις (rhêxis), ῥῆγμα (rhêgma)

ῥεῖν (rheîn), ῥεῦμα (rheûma)

ῥῖγος (rhîgos)
ῥίς, ῥινός (rhís, rhinós)
ῥίζα (rhíza), ῥιζοῦν (rhizoûn),ῥίζωμ
α (rhízōma)
ῥόδον (rhódon)
ῥόμβος (rhómbos)
ῥύγχος (rhúnchos)

ridere "to laugh" (past participlerisus)

roborare "to strengthen",

fromrobur, robus "strength"
rodere, rosus

rogare

rostrum
rota, rotare
ruber
rudis

ruga, rugare
rumen, ruminis
rumpere, ruptus
rus, ruris
 English examples

abrade, abrasion, abrasive, corrade, corrasion, erase, erasure, nonabrasive, radula,

radular, raduliform, rase, rash, rasorial, raster, rasure, subradular
radiance, radiation
eradicate, radical
ramification, ramose
Rana

rancid, rancor

arreption, arreptitious, enrapt, enrapture, rapacious, rapacity, rape, rapid, rapidity, rapine,
rapt,raptio, raptor, raptorial, rapture, rapturous, raptus, ravenous, ravine, ravish,
subreption, subreptitious, surreptitious
rapeseed

raphe, raphae

rarity
raucous
recede, redact

correct, direct, dirigible, erect, erection, ergo, rectangle, rectify, rectitude, rectum, regent, regime, regimen, regiment, region, s

regal, regency, regicide, Regis, regulation, reign, rex, royal

regular, regulate, regulation, rule
bireme, trireme
renal
reptile

reside, residence, resident, residual, residue

reticle, retina
retrograde, retrospective, retrovirus
rhabdoid, rhabdom, rhabdomyolysis
rachis/rhachis, rhachiodont, rachischisis

bronchorrhagia, hemorrhage, menorrhagia, regma, rhagades, rhegma, rhegmatogenous, rhexis

antiarrhythmic, arrhythmia, diarrhoea, dysrhythmia, endorheic, gonorrhoea, hemorrhea,

rheology,rheostat, rheum, rheumatic, rheumatism, rheumatoid, rheumatology, rhythm

rhigosaurus
haplorhine, rhinoceros, rhinophyma, rhinoplasty, strepsirrhine

ectomycorrhiza, rhizoid, rhizome, rhizomorph, Rhizopogon, Rhizopus

rhododendron
orthorhombic, rhomb, rhombic, rhomboid, rhombus, rhumb
Rhynchobatus, rhynchophore

deride, derision, ridicule, ridiculous, risible

corroborate, corroboration, robust

corrode, erosion, rodent

abrogate, arrogant, arrogate, derogate, derogation, derogatory, interrogation, prerogative, prorogue, rogation, rogue, surrogate

rostral, rostriform, rostrum

rotation, rotunda
rubric, ruby

erudite, erudition, rude, rudimentary

corrugation
rumination
abrupt, corruptible, disrupt, erupt, eruption, interrupt, rupture
rural
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

sacchar- sugar Greek

sacr-, -secr- sacred Latin

sagac- wise Latin

sagitt- arrow Latin
sal- salt Latin
sali-, -sili-,salt- jump Latin
salic- willow Latin
salu- health, welfare Latin
salv- save Latin

san- healthy Latin

sanc- holy Latin

sanguin- blood Latin

sapi-, -sipi- taste, wise Latin

sapon- soap Latin

sarc- flesh Greek

sarc- tailor Latin

sati- enough Latin

saur- lizard, reptile Greek
sax- rock Latin
scab- scratch Latin
scal- ladder, stairs Latin
scalen- uneven Greek

scand-,-
climb Latin
scend-,scans-,-scens-

anything hollow, bowl,

scaph- Greek
ship
scel- leg, thigh Greek
schem- plan Greek
schis- split, cleft Greek

sci- know Latin

scind-, sciss- split Latin

scler- hard Greek
scoli- crooked Greek
 look at, examine, view,
scop-, scept- Greek
observe
scrib-, script- write Latin
scrupl- uneasiness Latin
sculp- carve Latin
scut- shield Latin
scyph- cup Greek
se-, sed- apart Latin
seb- tallow Latin
sec-, sect-,seg- cut Latin
sed- settle, calm Latin

sed-, -sid-,sess- sit Latin

sedec- sixteen Latin

seget- in cornfields Latin

sei- shake Greek

selen- moon Greek

sell- saddle, seat Latin
sema- sign Greek
semi- half Latin
semin- seed Latin
sen- old man Latin
sen- six each Latin

senti-, sens- feel Latin

sept- fence, partition, enclosure Latin

sept- seven Latin

septen- seven each Latin
septim- seventh Latin
septuagen- seventy each Latin
septuagesim- seventieth Latin
septuagint- seventy Latin

sequ-, secut- follow Latin

ser- sow Latin

ser- attach, join Latin

ser- whey Latin
ser- late Latin
serp- crawl, creep Latin
serr- saw, saw-toothed Latin

serv- save, protect, serve Latin

sesqui- one and a half Latin

set- bristle, hair Latin
sever- stern, strict, serious Latin

sex-, se- six Latin

sexagen- sixty each Latin

sexagesim- sixtieth Latin
sext- sixth Latin
sibil- hiss Latin

sicc- dry Latin

sider- star Latin

sign- sign Latin
sil- quiet or still Latin
silv- forest Latin
simi- ape, monkey Latin

simil-, simul- likeness, imitating Latin

singul- one each Latin

sinistr- left Latin
sinu- (to draw) a line Latin
sinus- hollow, bay Latin
siph- tube Greek
sist- cause to stand Latin
sit- food, grain, wheat Greek

soci- group Latin

sol- sun Latin

sol- comfort, soothe Latin

sol- alone, only Latin

sole- accustomed Latin

solen- pipe, channel Greek
solv-, solut- loosen, set free Latin

soma- body Greek

somn- sleep Latin
somni- dream Latin

son- sound Latin

soph- wise Greek

sopor- deep sleep Latin
sorb-, sorpt- suck Latin
sord- dirt Latin
soror- sister Latin
spars-,-spers- scatter, sprinkle Latin
spati- space Latin

spec-, -spic-,spect- look Latin

sper- hope Latin

sperm- seed Greek

sphen- wedge Greek
spher- ball Greek

sphing-,sphinct- strangle Greek

spic- spike Latin

spin- thorn Latin

spir- breathe Latin

a surety, guarantee; give
spond-,spons- assurance, promise Latin
solemnly
spondyl- vertebra Greek
spu-, sput- spew, spit Latin
squal- scaly, dirty, filthy Latin
squam- scale Latin
squarros- spreading at tips Latin
st- cause to stand Greek

st- stand Latin

stagn- pool of standing water Latin

stala- dripping, trickling Greek

stann- tin Latin

stasi- standing, discord Greek
statu-, -stitu- stand Latin
stear- fat, tallow Greek

steg- covering Greek

stell- star Latin

stell- send Greek
sten- stand Greek
sten- narrow Greek
stere- solid Greek
stern-, strat- spread, strew Latin
stern- breastbone Greek
stich- line, row Greek
stigmat- mark, puncture Greek
still- drip Latin
stimul- goad, rouse, excite Latin
stin- stand Latin
stingu-,stinct- apart Latin
stoch- aim Greek
stom- mouth Greek
streper- noise Latin
strept- twisted Greek
strig- compress Latin
strigos- having stiff bristles Latin
string-, strict- tight, upright, stiff Latin
stroph- turning Greek
stru-, struct- to make up, build Latin
stud- dedication Latin
stup- wonder Latin
styl- column, pillar Greek
su-, sut- sew Latin
suad-, suas- urge Latin
suav- sweet Latin
sub-, su-,suf-, sug-,su
below Latin
p-, sus-
subter- under Latin
sucr- sugar Latin
sud- sweat Latin
sui- self Latin
sulc- furrow Latin

sum- sum Latin

sum-, sumpt- take Latin

super- above, over Latin

supin- lying back Latin

supra- above, over Latin
surd- deaf Latin
surg- rise Latin
syn-, sy-, syl-, sym- with Greek
syring- pipe Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

σάκχαρον (sakcharon)

sacrare, from sacer(genitive sacri)

sagax, sagacis
sagitta
sal, salis, salere
salire, saltus
salix, salicis
salus
salvus, salvare
sanus

sancire (past participlesanctus)
sanguis, sanguinis

sapere "to have a taste, be wise",

related tosapor "taste, flavor"

sapo, saponis
σάρξ, σαρκός (sarx,sarkos)
sartor "tailor", fromsarcire "to
mend"
satis
σαῦρος (sauros)
saxum
scabere
scala
σκαληνός (skalēnos)

scandere

σκάφη, σκάφος

σκέλος, σκέλεος (skelos)
σχῆμα (schēma)
σχίζω, σχίσμα (schisma)
scire

scindere
σκληρός (sklēros)
σκολιός (skolios)
σκέπτομαι, σκοπός(skopos)
scribere, scriptus
scrupus "sharp stone"
sculpere, sculptus
scutum
σκύφος (skyphos)
se
sebum
secare
sedare, sedatus

sedere, sessus

sedecim
segetum

σείειν (seíein), σεισμός(seismós)

σελήνη (selēnē)
sella
σῆμα (sēma)
semis
semen, seminis
senex, senis
seni

sentire, sensus

saeptum

septem
septeni
septimus
septuageni
septuagesimus
septuaginta
sequere, from sequi, see
also secutus

serere, satus

serere, sertus
serum
sērus
serpere, serptus
serra, serrare
servare

sesqui
saeta
severus

sex

sexageni
sexagesimus
sextus
sibilus, sibilare
siccare "to dry", fromsiccus "dry,
thirsty"
sidus, sideris
signum
silere
silva
simia

simulare "to emulate",

from similis "alike"

singulus
sinister, sinistri
sinuare
sinus
σίφων (siphōn)
sistere
σῖτος (sitos)

socius, sociare

sol, solis

solari

solus

solere "be accustomed"
σωλήν (sōlēn)
solvere, solutus

σῶμα, σώματος (sōma,sōmatos)
somnus
somnium

sonus

σοφός (sophos)
sopor
sorbere
sordes, sordere
soror
spargere
spatium

specere, spectare,speculari

spes, sperare

σπέρμα (sperma)
σφήν (sphēn)
σφαῖρα (sphaira)
σφίγγω sphingein,wikt:Σφίγξ#Ancie
nt GreekΣφίγξ sphinga
spica

spina

spirare

spondere, sponsus

σπόνδυλος (spondylos)
spuere
squalere
squama
squarrosus
ἵστημι histēmi, histánai

stare "to stand", also causative

form statuere"to enact, set",
fromstatus "condition, position"

stagnare
σταλακτός (stalaktos)
and σταλαγμός(stalagmos), both
fromσταλάζειν (stallassein) "to
drip"
stannum
στάσις (stasis)
statuere
στέαρ, στέατος (stear,steatos)

στέγη (stegē), στεγανός (steganos)

stella
στέλλω (stellein)
στεναί (stenai)
στενός (stenos)
στερεός (stereos)
sternere, stratus
στέρνον (sternon)
στίχος (stichos)
στίγμα (stigma)
stilla, stillare
stimulus
stinare
stinguere
στόχος (stochos)
στόμα (stoma)
strepere
στρεπτός (streptos)
strix, strigis
strigosus from striga
stringere, strictus
στροφή (strophē)
struere, structus
studere
stupere
στῦλος (stulos)
suere, sutus
suadere, suasus
suavis

sub

subter
succarum
sudare
sui
sulcus
summare "to sum up",
from summa "sum"
sumere, sumptus

super

supinus
supra
surdus
surgere
σύν (sun)
σύριγξ, σύριγγος (syrinx,sýringos)
 English examples

saccharin

consecrate, desecrate, sacrament, sacred, sacrosanct

sagacious, sagacity
sagittal plane, Sagittaria
salinity
desultory, resilient, salient, saltus
salicin
salubrious, salubrity, salutary, salute
salvage, salvation, salve

insane, insanity, sanatorium, sane, sanitarian, sanitarium, sanitary, sanitation, sanity

sacrosanct, saint, sanctify, sanction, sanctuary
consanguinity, sanguinary, sanguine

insipid, insipience, sapient

saponification
sarcophagus

consarcination, sartor, sartorial, sartorius

asset, sate, satiate, satiety, satisfy, saturate

dinosaur
saxatile, saxicavous, saxicoline, saxifrage, saxifragous
scabies
scalar, scale
scalene muscles, scalene triangle
ascend, ascendency, ascendent, ascension, ascent, condescend, condescendence,
condescension, descend, descendent, descension, descent, scansion, transcend,
transcendence, transcendent, transcendental

scaphoid bone

isosceles
schematic
schism, schismatic
conscience, conscious, conscientious, omniscious, omniscient,
prescient, science, scienter
rescind, scissors
scleroderma, sclerosis, sclerotic
scoliosis
horoscope, kaleidoscope, microscope, periscope, scope, stethoscope, telescope, skeptic
or sceptic
describe, inscribe, manuscript, prescribe, scribble, scribe, script, scripture, subscribe
scruple, scrupulous, unscrupulous
sculpture
scute
Scyphozoa
secede, sedition, seditious, seduce
sebaceous, sebum
secant, section, segment
sedative

assiduous, insidious, obsession, possess, preside, president, reside, resident, sedentary, sediment, sedimentary, sedulity, sedulo

sedecimal

aseismic, microseism,
microseismic, paleoseismology, seism, seismic, seismogram, seismograph,seismology, se
ismometer, seismonasty, teleseism, teleseismic
Selene, selenium
sella turcica
semantics, semaphore
semiannual, semicolon, semiconductor, semiconscious, semifinal, seminatural
insemination
senator, senescent, senile, senility, senior
senary

assent, consensus, consent, dissent, resent, scent, sensation, sense, sensible, sensitive, sensory, sentence, sentient, sentience, 

transept

septennial
septenary
septimal, septime
septuagenary
septuagesima, septuagesimal
Septuagint

consecutive, consequence, ensue, non sequitur, obsequious, prosecute, pursue, second, sequel,sequence, subsequent

disseminate, dissemination, insemination, postseason, preseason, sation, sative, season,

seasonable, seasonal, semen, semenuria, seminal, seminar, seminarian, seminary,
semination, seminiferous

assert, assertion, assertive, curviserial, desert, desertion, desertrix, dissert, dissertation,

dissertator, exert, exertion, insert, insertion, multiseriate, reassert, reassertion, rectiserial,
semidesert, serial, seriate, seriatim, series, sermon, uniseriate
serac, serosa, serous, subserous
serein, serotine, serotiny, soiree
serpent
serration
conserve, deserve, observe, preserve, reserve, servant, service, servile, servitude,
subservient
sesquialteral, sesquicentennial, sesquipedal, sesquiplicate, sesquitertian
seta, setose
perseverance, perseveration, persevere, severe, severity
semester, sexangle, sexangular, sexavalent, sexennial, sexennium, sexireme, sexpartite,
sexradiate, sexivalent, sextain
sexagenarian, sexagenary
Sexagesima, sexagesimal
sextant
sibilance

desiccate, desiccation, sec, siccative

sidereal
design, designate, insignia, signal, signature, significant
silence
silviculture
simian
assimilate, dissimilate, dissemble, ensemble, resemble, semblance, similar, similarity,
simile, similitude, simulacrum, simular, simulate, simulation, simulator, simultaneous,
verisimilar, verisimilitude
singular
sinistral
insinuate
sinusoidal
siphon
assist, consist, desist, exist, insist, persist, resist, solstice, subsist
sitology

associate, association, associative, consociate, consociation, consociational, disassociate,

disassociation, dissociable, dissocial, dissociate, dissociation, dissociative,
interassociation, nonassociative, sociability, sociable, social, sociality, societal, society

circumsolar, extrasolar, insolate, insolation, solar, solarium, soliform, soliscence, solstice,

subsolar
consolation, console, solace
desolate, desolation, desolatory, saudade, sole, soliloquy, solitaire, solitary, solitude,
solitudinarian, solitudinous, solivagous, solo, sullen
insolence, insolent, obsolescence, obsolescent, obsolete
solenoid
absolute, absolve, dissolute, dissolve, resolute, resolve, soluble, solute, solution, solve, solvent

somatic
insomnia, somnambulist, somnifacient, somniferous, somnific, somniloquy, somnolent
somnial
absonant, ambisonic, assonance, assonant, assonate, consonance, consonant,
consonous,dissonance, dissonant, inconsonance, inconsonant, infrasonic, infrasound,
magnisonant, resonance, resonant, resonate, resound, sonance, sonant, sonata,
sondage, sonnet, sonorant, sonority, soun,sound, subsonic, supersonic, triconsonantal,
ultrasonic, ultrasound
philosophy, sophism, sophist, sophisticate, sophomore, sophomoric
sopor, soporific
absorb, absorption
sordid
cousin, sororal, sororate, sororicide, sorority
asperse, aspersion, disperse, intersperse, sparse
interspace, interspatial, space, spatial, spatiate, subspace

aspect, conspicuous, expect, inspect, introspective, prospect, respect, retrospective,

species, specific, specimen, specious, spectacle, spectator, speculate

despair, desperado, desperate, desperation, esperance, prosper, prosperity, prosperous

angiosperm
sphenoid
hemisphere, sphere, spheroid, stratosphere

sphincter

spica, spicate, spicose, spicosity, spicular, spiculate, spicule, spiculiform

infraspinate, infraspinatus, interspinal, spinal, spine, spinel, spinescent, spiniferous,
spiniform, spinose, spinous
aspire, conspire, expire, inspire, perspire, respiration, spirit

respond

spondylosis
sputum
squalid, squalor
squamous
squarrose
antistatic, ecstatic, stasis, static, systasis, system

circumstance, consist, constant, constitute, distant, extant, instant, obstacle, presto,

stable, stamen, stamina, stance, stanchion, stanza, state, station, stationary, statistic,
statue, status, staunch, stay, substance, substitute, superstition

stagnant
stalactite, stalagmite

stannous
static
institution, statute
stearic acid

steganography, Stegosaurus

constellation, stellar
apostle, epistle, stole
apostasy, apostate
stenography, stenosis
stereometry
consternation, prostrate, stratify, stratum, stratus, street
sternum
distich
astigmatic, stigma
distillation, instill
stimulate
destination, obstinate
distinction, distinguish
stochastic
stomatoplasty
obstreperous
Streptococcus
strigogyps
strigose
astringent, constrain, constrict, constringe, restrict, strain, strict, stringent
apostrophe
construct, construction, construe, destroy, destruct, instruct, obstruct, structure
étude, student
stupid, stupor
Stylites
couture, suture
persuasion
assuage, suave, suavity

submarine, submerge, suffix, suggest, support

subterfuge
sucrose
exudate, exude, sudarium, sudoriferous, transudate
sui generis, suicide
sulcus

consummate, consummation, sum, summa cum laude, summary, summation

assume, assumption, consume, consumption, presumption, subsume

insuperable, soprano, sovereign, summit, superable, superb, supercilious, supercomputer,
superficial, superfluous, superimpose, superior, superlative, supermarket, supernal,
supernatural, supernova, superposition, superpower, superscript, supersede, supersonic,
superstition, supervene, supervise, supreme, supremum, surname, surplus, surround,
survive
supination, supine
supranationalism
absurdity
insurgent, insurrection, resurgent, resurrection
symbol, symmetry, sympathy, synchronous, synonym, system
syringe
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

tac-, -tic- be silent Latin

tach- swift Greek

taeni- ribbon Greek

tag-(ΤΑΓ[23]) arrange, order Greek

tal- ankle Latin

tang-, -ting-, tact-, tag- touch Latin

tapet- carpet Latin

tard- slow Latin
tars- ankle Greek
taur- bull Greek
taur- bull Latin
tec-(ΤΑΚ[24]) melt Greek

techn-(ΤΕΚ[25]) art, skill Greek

tecn- child Greek

teg-, tect- cover Latin
tele- far, end Greek

tele- complete Greek

temn-, tom-(ΤΕΜ[26]) cut Greek

tempor- time Latin

ten-, -tin-,tent- hold Latin

tend-, tens- stretch, strain Latin

tenu- slender, thin Latin

tep- be warm Latin

ter-, trit- rub Latin
teret- rounded Latin
terg-, ters- wipe Latin
termin- boundary, limit, end Latin
tern- three each Latin
terr- earth Latin
terti- third Latin
test- witness Latin
tetart- fourth Greek

tetr- four Greek

teuch- make Greek

tex-, text- weave Latin

thalam- chamber, bed Greek
thalass- sea Greek
than-(ΘΑΝ[27]) death Greek

the-, thus- god Greek

the- (ΘΕ[28]) put Greek

thea- view Greek

thel- nipple Greek

theori- speculation Greek

ther- beast, animal Greek

therap- serve Greek

therm- heat, warm Greek

thig-(ΘΙΓ[29]) touch Greek

thorac- chest Greek

thym- mood Greek

thyr- door Greek
thyre- large shield Greek
tim- be afraid Latin

-tim- most Latin

ting-, tinct-(TING[30]) moisten Latin

tom- cut Greek

ton-(ΤΑΝ[31]) stretch Greek

top- place Greek

torn-,tourn- turn or rotate Latin from Greek

torpe- be numb Latin

torqu-, tort- twist Latin
tot- all, whole Latin
tox- arrow, bow Greek
trab- beam Latin
trachy- rough Greek
trag- goat Greek

trah-, tract- draw, pull Latin

trans-, tra-,tran- across Latin

trapez- four-sided, table Greek
traum- wound Greek
trecent- three hundred Latin
tredec- thirteen Latin
treiskaidek- thirteen Greek
trem- tremble Latin
trema- hole Greek

trepid- tremble Latin

tri- three Greek

tri- three Latin
trib- rub Greek

tribu- pay Latin

tricen- thirty each Latin

tricesim-,trigesim- thirtieth Latin
trich- hair Greek
trin- three each Latin
trit- third Greek
tritic- wheat Latin
troch- wheel Greek

trop- turning Greek

troph- feed, grow Greek

truc- fierce Latin

trud-, trus- thrust Latin

trunc- cut off Latin

tum- to swell up Latin

turb- disturb Latin

tuss- cough Latin
tympan- drum Greek

typ-(ΤΥΠ[32]) stamp, model Greek

typh- smoke Greek

tyrann- terrible, tyrant Greek

 Etymology (root origin)

tacere, tacitus
ταχύς (tachús), τάχος (táchos)
τείνειν (teínein), ταινία (tainía),
ταινίδιον (tainídion)

τάσσειν (tássein), τακτός (taktós),

τακτικός (taktikós), τάξις
(táxis), τάγμα (tágma)

talus

tangere (past participle tactus)

tapete, tapetis
tardus
ταρσός (tarsós, "a flat basket")
ταῦρος (taûros)
taurus
τήκειν
τίκτειν (tíktein), τέχνη (téchnē),τέκτ
ων,
τέκτονος (téktōn),τεκτονικός (tekton
ikós)
τίκτω, τέκνον, τέκνου (téknon)
tegere, tectus
τῆλε (tēle)

τέλος, τέλεος (télos, téleos), τέλεσις (télesis)

τέμνειν (témnein), τομός (tomós), τόμος (tómos), τομή (tomḗ)

tempus, temporis

tenere, tentus

tendere (past participletensus)

tenuare "make thin",

fromtenuis "thin"
tepere
terere, tritus
teres, teretis
tergere, tersus
terminus
terni
terra
tertius
testis
τέταρτος (tétartos)

τέτϝαρες, τέσσαρες, τεσσάρων(téssares)

τεύχειν (teúchein), τυγχάνω,

τευκτός, τευκτικός, τεῦξις (teûxis),
τεῦγμα (teûgma),τεῦχος,
τεύχεος (teûchos), τύχη (túchē),
τυκτός (tuktós)

texere, textus
θάλαμος (thálamos)
θάλασσα (thálassa)

θνήσκειν, θάνατος (thánatos)

θεός (theós)

τιθέναι (tithénai), θετός (thetós),

θετικός (thetikós), θέσις (thésis),
θέμα (théma),θήκη (thḗkē)

θεᾶσθαι (theâsthai), θέατρον (théatron)

θηλή (thēlḗ)

θεωρητικός (theōrētikós), θεώρημα (theṓrēma), θεωρία(theōría)

θήρ, θηρός (thḗr, thērós)
θεράπων (therápōn),θεραπεύειν (t
herapeúein), θεραπευτός,
θεραπευτικός (therapeutikós),
θεραπεία (therapeía)
θέρεσθαι (théresthai), θέρμη(thérm
ē), θερμός (thermós)

θιγγάνειν (thingánein), θίξις(thíxis),

θίγημα (thígēma)

θώραξ, θώρακος (thṓrax,thṓrakos)

θυμός (thumos)
θύρα (thura)
θυρεός (thureos)
timere
-timus, e.g.
in intimus "inmost",optimus "best",
ultimus "last"
tingere, tinctus

τομή (tome), τόμος (tomos)

τείνειν (teínein), τόνος (tónos),

τονικός (tonikós)
τόπος (topos)

tornare < τόρνος (tornos)

torpere
torquere, tortus
totus
τόξον (toxon)
trabs, trabis
τραχύς (trachus)
τράγος (tragos)
tractare, frequentative
oftrahere, tractus
trans
τράπεζα (trapeza)
τραῦμα (trauma)
trecenti
tredecim
τρεισκαίδεκα (treiskaideka)
tremere
τρῆμα (trēma)
trepidare "to tremble, hurry",
from trepidus "alarmed, scared"
τρεῖς, τρία (treis, tria)
trēs
τρίβειν (tribein)

tribuere "to pay", from tribus

triceni
tricesimus
θρίξ, τριχός (thrix, trichos)
trini
τρίτος (tritos)
triticum
τροχός (trochos)

τρόπος (tropos)

τροφή, τροφός (trophos)

trux, trucis

trudere, trusus

truncare "to maim, mutilate",

from truncus "mutilated, cut off"

tumere

turba
tussis, tussire
τύμπανον (túmpanon)
τύπτειν (túptein), τύπος(túpos),
τυπικός
(tupikós),τύμπανον (túmpanon)

τύφειν (túphein), τῦφος (tûphos), τυφώδης

τύραννος (túrannos)
 English examples

reticent, reticence, tacit, taciturn

tachometer, tachycardia, tachyrhythmia, tachytelic
diplotene, leptotene, pachytene, taenia, taenidia, taenidium, taeniodont, Taeniolabis, zygot
ene

ataxia, chemotaxis, epitaxis, eutaxy, hypotaxis, magnetotaxis, metasyntactic, parataxis,

phonotactic,phonotactics, phototaxis, rheotaxis, syntactic, syntagma, syntagmatic, syntax,
tactic, tagma, taxis,taxonomy, thermotaxis

talus bone

attain, contact, contagious, contingent, contingency, contiguous, intact, tactile, tangent, tangible

tapestry, tapetum, tapis

retard, tardigrade, tardy
metatarsus, tarsal, tarsoclasis, tarsometatarsus, tarsus
Minotaur, taurobolium, taurocholic, tauromachy
Taurus
eutectic, eutectoid

architect, polytechnic, techne, technique, technocracy,

technocrat, technogaianism, technology,technophilia, technophobia, tectonic

teknonymous, teknonymy
integument, protection
telegram, telegraph, telemetry, telepathy, telephone, telescope, television

atelectasis, ateleiosis, atelophobia, teleology, telesis, toll

acrotomophilia, anatomy, apotemnophilia, atom, atomic, dichotomy, epitome, monatomic,

pentatomic, polyatomic, Temnospondyli, tmesis, tome

contemporaneous, contemporary, extemporaneous, tempo, temporal, temporary

abstain, contain, content, contents, continence, continent, continue, countenance, detain,
detention, entertain, maintain, pertain, pertinacious, pertinacity, pertinent, retention,
tenacious, tenacity, tenant, tenet, tenor, untenable
attend, contend, contention, contentious, extend, extension, extent, intend, ostensible,
ostentatious, portend, portent, portentous, pretense, tend, tendentious, tendency, tender,
tensile, tension

attenuate, extenuate, tenuous

tepid, tepor
attrition, contrite, detritus, trite
subterete, teretial
detergent, terse
determine, terminal, termination
ternary, ternion
inter, subterranean, terrace, terracotta, terrain, terrarium, terrestrial, territory
tertian, tertiary
attest, contest, detest, protest, testament, testify, testimony
tetartanopsia, tetartohedric

diatessaron, tetragon, tetrahedron, tetralogy, tetrameter, tetraphobia, tetrapod, tetrode

Heptateuch, octateuch, Pentateuch

context, subtle, pretext, text, textile, texture

epithalamion, hypothalamus, prothalamion, thalamotomy, thalamus
Panthalassa, thalassemia, thalassic, thalassophobia
euthanasia, thanatocoenosis, thanatoid, thanatology, thanatophobia, thanatophoric,
thanatopsis
atheism, atheistic, ditheism, enthusiasm, monotheism, Pantheon, polytheism, Thea,
theobromine,
theocracy, theodicy, Theodore, theogony, theology, theophobia, Timothy, tritheism

anathema, anathematic, antithesis, antithetic, apothecium, athematic, Bibliotheca, bodega,

boutique, deem, doom, enthesis, enthetic, epenthesis, epenthetic, epitheca,
epithet, hypothec, hypothesis, monothematic, nomothetic, oligosynthetic, parenthesis,
parenthetic, polysynthetic, prosthesis, prosthetic, prothesis, prothetic, pseudothecium,
synthesis, synthetic, theca, thecium, thematic, theme, Themis, thesaurus, thesis, treasure

amphitheatre, metatheatre, theatre, theatric

athelia, endothelium, epithelium, mesothelioma, mesothelium, thelium, thelial

theorem, theoretic, theorist, theorize, theory

therianthropy, theroid, theropod, theropsid

therapeutic, therapist, therapy

thermal, athermancy, diathermancy, ectotherm, endotherm, endothermic, exothermic,
geothermic,homeothermy, hyperthermia, hypothermia, isotherm, poikilotherm,
thermobaric, thermochromism, thermodynamic, thermolysis, thermometer,
thermophilic, thermophobia, thermoplastic, thermoplegia,
thermos, thermosphere, thermostat, thermostatic

antithixotropic, thigmonasty, thigmotaxis, thixotropic, thixotropy

hemothorax, pneumothorax, thoracic, thorax

dysthymia
thyratron
Thyreophora, thyroid, thyrotropin, thyroxine
timid, timorous

intimate, intimation, optimum, ultimate

aquatint, distain, mezzotint, tinct, tinctorial, tincture, tinge, tingent, tint

anatomy, appendectomy, atom, dichotomy, ectomy, embolectomy, tome, tonsillectomy, vasectomy

isotonic, monotone, tone

atopy, isotope, topiary, topic, topography, topology, toponymy, utopia

tornado, tournament

torpent, torpid, torpor

contort, distort, extort, extortion, retort, torque, torsion, tortuous, torture
subtotal, total, totality
antitoxin, intoxicate, toxic, toxology, toxoplasmosis
trabeculae
trachea
tragus

attract, contract, detract, retract, subtract, subtrahend, tractable, traction, tractor

intransigent, tradition, transact, transcend, transient, transitory, transport,transparent
trapezius, trapezoid
trauma, traumatic, traumatize
trecentennial, trecentillion
tredecimal
triskaidekaphobia
tremor
monotreme, trematode

intrepid, trepid, trepidation

triad, trigon, triode, tripod

triangle, triumvirate, trivia
diatribe, tribology

attribute, contribute, retribution, tribe, tribulation, tribunal, tribune, tributary, tribute,tributary

tricenary
trigesimal
peritrichous, trichopathophobia, Trichoptera
trinary, trine, trinity
tritagonist
triticale
trochlea
contrive, heliotropism, isotrope, psychotropic, retrieve, trope, tropic, tropism, troposphere,
troubadour, trove
dystrophy, pogonotrophy, trophic
truculent
abstrude, abstruse, abstrusion, abstrusity, detrude, detrusion, detrusor, extrude,
extrusible,extrusion, extrusive, inobtrusive, intrude, intrusion, intrusive, nonintrusive,
obtrude, obtrusion, obtrusive, protrude, protrudent, protrusile, protrusion, protrusive,
retrude, retruse, retrusion, retrusive

trench, trenchant, truncate, truncheon, trunk

contumely, contumacious, detumescence, detumescent, intumescence, tumefacient,

tumefaction, tumesce, tumescence, tumescent, tumid, tumidity, tumor, tumorous, tumular,
tumulose, tumulous, tumult, tumultuary, tumultuous, tumulus, tumble

disturb, perturb, turbid, turbine, turbulent,

pertussis
tympani, tympanum

archetype, ectype, holotype, logotype, monotypic, phenotype, prototype, type, typical, typify, typography, typology

typhoid, typhous, typhus

tyrannize, tyrannosaurus rex, tyranny, tyrant

 Root Meaning in English Origin language

uber- fruitful Latin

uligin- in marshes Latin
ulo- wooly Greek
ultim- farthest Latin
ultra- beyond Latin
umbilic- navel Latin
umbr- shade, shadow Latin

un- one Latin

unc- hooked Latin

unci- ounce, twelfth Latin
und- wave Latin
undecim- eleventh Latin
unden- eleven each Latin
ungui- claw, nail Latin
ungul- claw, hoof Latin
ur- tail Greek
ur- urine Greek

urb- city Latin

urg- work Latin

urs- bear Latin
ut-, us- use Latin
uv- grape Latin
uxor- wife Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

uber, uberare
uligo, uliginis
οὖλος (oulos)
ultimus
ultra
umbilicus
umbra

unus, unius

uncus
uncia
unda
undecimus
undeni
unguis
ungula
οὐρά (oura)
οὖρον (ouron)
urbanus "belonging to a city",
from urbs(genitive urbis) "city"
urgere
ursus
uti, usus
uva
uxor
 English examples

exuberant
uliginous
Ulotrichi
ultimate, ultimatum
ultrasonic
umbilical
adumbrate, penumbra, umbrage, umbrella
adunation, biunique, coadunate, coadunation, disunite, disunity, malunion, nonuniform,
nonuniformity, nonunion, nonunique, nonunity, onion, reunification, reunion, reunite, triune,
unanimous, unary, unate, unicorn, unific, unification, uniform, uniformity, unify, union,
unique, unite, unity, universe, university
uncinate, Uncinia
uncial
abundant, redundancy, undulate
undecimal
undenary
unguiform
ungulate
uroid, uroborus
urology

suburbanite, urban, urbane, urbanism, urbanize

urgent
Ursa Major, ursine, Ursus
abuse, use, usual, utilitarian, utility, utilize
uvea
uxoricide
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

vac- empty Latin

vacc- cow Latin
vacil- waver Latin
vad-,vas- go Latin
vag- wander Latin
val- strength, worth Latin

van- empty, vain, idle Latin

vap- lack (of) Latin

vari- vary Latin

varic- straddle Latin

veh-,vect- carry Latin

vel- veil Latin
vell-,vuls- pull Latin
veloc- quick Latin
ven- vein Latin
ven- hunt Latin

ven-,vent- come Latin

vend- sell Latin

vener- respectful Latin
vent- wind Latin
ventr- belly Latin
ver- 1 Latin
verb- word Latin
verber- whip Latin
verm- worm Latin
vern- spring Latin

vers-,vert- turn Latin

vesic- bladder Latin

vesper- evening, western Latin
vest- clothing, garment Latin

vestig- track Latin

vet- forbid Latin
veter- old Latin
vi- way Latin
vic- change Latin
vicen-,vigen- twenty each Latin
vicesim-,vigesim- twentieth Latin

vid-, vis- see Latin

vigil- watchful Latin

vil- cheap Latin
vill- country house Latin
vill- shaggy hair Latin
vin- wine Latin

vinc-,vict- conquer Latin

vir- man Latin

vir- green Latin
visc- thick Latin
viscer- internal organ Latin
vit- life Latin
vitell- yolk Latin
viti- fault Latin
vitr- glass Latin

viv- live Latin

voc- call, voice Latin

vol- fly Latin

vol- will Latin

volv-,volut- roll Latin

vom- discharge Latin

vor-,vorac- swallow Latin

vov-,vot- vow Latin

vulg- crowd Latin

vulner- wound Latin
vulp- fox Latin
 Etymology (root origin)

vacare
vacca
vacillare"sway, be untrustworthy"
vadere
vagus, vagare
valere
vanus"empty",
alsovanescere"vanish"

vapor

variare

varicare "to straddle",

from varus"bowlegged"
vehere "to carry", vectus
velum
vellere, vulsus
velox, velocis
vena
venari

venire

vendere
venus, veneris
ventus
venter, ventris
verus
verbum
verber
vermis
ver, vernus

versus, past participle ofvertere

vesica
vespera
vestire "to clothe", related
tovestis"garment"
vestigium
vetare
vetus, veteris
via
vicis
viceni
vicesimus

videre, visus

vigil, alsovigilare
vilis
villa
villus
vinum

vincere (past participlevictus)

vir
virere
viscum
viscus,visceris
vita
vitellus
vitium
vitrum

vivere "to live", related to vita "life"

vocare (to call), from vox"voice"

(genitivevocis)
volare

voluntas "will" from velle "to wish"

volvere,volutus

vomere

vorare, vorax

vovere, votus

vulgus
vulnus,vulneris
vulpēs, vulpis
 English examples

evacuate, vacancy, vacant, vacate, vacation, vacuous, vacuum
vaccary, vaccination, vaccine
vacillate, vacillation
evade, pervasive
vagabond, vague
ambivalence, avail, equivalent, evaluate, prevail, valence, valiant, valid, valor, value
evanescent, vain, vanish, vanity

evaporate, evaporation, evaporative, evaporator, evaporite, nonevaporative, vapid,

vapidity, vapor, vaporescence, vaporescent, vaporific, vaporous
bivariate, covariate, covariation, intervarietal, invariable, invariance, invariant, variable,
variance, variant, variate, variation, variegate, varietal,
variety, variola, variolation, variorum, various, vary

prevaricate

invective, inveigh, vector, vehement, vehicle

revelation, velate
convulsion
velocity
intravenous, venosity, venule
venison

advent, adventure, avenue, circumvent, contravene, convene, convenient, convention, event, intervene, intervention, invent, p

vend, vendor
venerable, veneration, venereal
ventilation, ventilator
ventral
aver, veracious, verdict, verify, verisimilar, verisimilitude, verity, very
verbal, verbatim, verbosity
reverberation
vermiform, vermin
vernal
adverse, adversity, advertise, anniversary, avert, controversy, controvert, conversant,
conversation, converse, convert, diversify, divert, extrovert, introvert, inverse, invert,
perverse, pervert, reverse, revert, subvert, tergiversate, transverse, universe, versatile,
verse, version, versus, vertex, vertical, vertigo
vesical
vesperal
divest, invest, investiture, transvestite, travesty, vest, vestment

investigate, vestigial
veto
inveterate, veteran
deviate, obviate, obvious, via
vicar, vicarious, vice versa, vicissitude
vicenary
vicesimary, vicesimation, vigesimal

advice, advisable, advise, advisement, advisor, advisory, clairvoyance, clairvoyant,

counterview, enviable, envious, envisage, envisagement, envision, envy, evidence,
evident, evidential, evidentiality, evidentiary, improvidence, improvident, improvisation,
improvisational, improvise, imprudence, imprudent, inadvisable, inevident, interview,
interviewee, invidious, invisibility, invisible, nonevidentiary, nonsupervisory, nonvisual,
preview, previse, provide,providence, provident, provision, provisional, provisionality,
proviso, provisory, prudence, prudent, prudential, purvey, purveyance, purveyor, purview,
review, reviewal, revisal, revise, revision, revisionary, revisit, supervise,
supervision,supervisor, supervisory, survey, surveyor, surview, survise, videlicet, video,
view, vis-à-vis, visa, visage, visibility, visible, vision, visionary, visit, visitation, visor,
vista, visual, visuality, voilà, voyeur

invigilate, reveille, surveillance, vigil, vigilance, vigilant, vigilante

revile, vile, vilify
villa, village, villain
velour, velvet, villiform
vine, vinous
convict, conviction, convince, evict, evince, invincible, province, vanquish, vanquishment,
victor, victorious, victory
triumvirate, virility
verdure, virid, viridescent, viridian, viridity
viscosity
eviscerate, visceral
vital, vitality, vitamin
vitellogenesis
vice, vitiate, vituperate
vitreous, vitriol

convivial, revive, survive, viable, victual, vivacious, vivacity, vivid, vivisection

advocacy, advocate, advocation, advocator, advocatory, advoke, advowson, avocation,

avouch, avow, avowal, avowry, convocate, convocation, convocator, convoke, disavow,
disavowal, equivocal, equivocate, equivocation, evocable, evocation, evocative, evocator,
evoke, invocable, invocate, invocation, invocative, invocator, invoke, prevocational,
provocate, provocateur, provocation, provocative, provocator, provoke, reavow, reinvoke,
revocable, revocation, revoke, vocal, vocation, vocational, vociferous, vouch, vouchee,
voucher, vouchsafe
avolation, circumvolant, circumvolation, nonvolatile, volatile, volatility, volitant, volitation

benevolence, benevolent, involuntary, malevolence, malevolent, omnibenevolence,

velleity, volitient, volition, volitional,volitive, voluntary, Voluntaryism, volunteer, voluptuary,
voluptuous

advolution, archivolt, circumvolute, circumvolution, circumvolve, coevolution,

coevolutionary, coevolve, convolute,convolution, devolve, evolve, involve, revolve,
valve, vault, volte, voluble, volume, voluminous, volva, Volvox, volvulus,voussoir, vulva

vomit, vomition, vomitory, vomitus

carnivore, carnivorous, devoration, devoré, devour, herbivore, herbivorous, locavore,
omnivore, omnivorous, voracious, voracity, voraginous

devote, devotee, devotion, devotional, devout, devove, devow, votary, vote, votive, vow

divulge, vulgarity, vulgate

vulnerable
vulpine
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

xanth- yellow Greek

xen- foreign Greek
xer- dry Greek
xiph- sword Greek
xyl- wood Greek
 Etymology (root origin)

ξανθός (xanthos)
ξένος (xenos)
ξηρός (xēros)
ξίφος (xiphos)
ξύλον (xulon)
 English examples

xanthium, xanthochromia, xanthogenic, xanthophyll

xenoblast, xenogamy, xenophobia, xenon
xeroderma, xerography, xeromorph, xerophagy, xerophile, xerophyte
xiphisternum, xiphoid, xiphophyllous
xylem, xylocarp, xyloid, xylophone
 Root Meaning in English Origin language

ze- boil Greek

zel- jealousy, zeal Greek

zete- seek Greek

zo- animal, living being Greek

zon- belt, girdle Greek

zyg-(ΖΥΓ[33]) yoke Greek

zym- ferment Greek

 Etymology (root origin)

ζεῖν (zeîn), ζεστός (zestós),

ζέσις, ζέμα, ζέματος (zéma)
ζῆλος (zēlos)

ζητεῖν (zēteîn), ζητητός (zētētós), ζητητικός (zētētikós)

ζῶ, ζῷον (zōion)

ζωννύναι (zōnnúnai), ζώνη(zṓnē)

ζευγνύναι (zeugnúnai), ζεῦγμα(zeû

gma), ζυγωτός
(zugōtós),ζυγός, ζυγόν (zugón)

ζύμη (zúmē)
 English examples

eczema, eczematous

zeal, zealot, zealous

zetetic

azoic, azotemia, ectozoon, entozoon, epizoon, Mesozoic, protozoa, zoanthropy, zodiac,

zoic, zoo,zoogeography, zooid, zoology, zoomorphism,
zoon, zoonosis, zoopoetics, zooxanthella

zonal, zone

azygous, diazeugma, dizygotic, heterozygote, heterozygous, hyperzeuxis,

hypozeugma, hypozeuxis, mesozeugma, monozygotic, prozeugma,
synezeugmenon, zeugitae, zeugma, zygoma, zygomorphic,
zygomorphism, zygomycosis, zygomycota, zygon, Zygoptera, zygote
alloenzyme, azyme, azymite, enzyme, lysozyme,
microzyme, zymase, zyme, zymogen, zymology, zymolysis, zymosis, zymotic
abnormal, abrasion, absent, abstain, abstraction, aversion
acerbic, acrid, acrimonious, acrimony, exacerbate
acetabulum, acetate, acetic, acetone, acetum, triacetate
acidiferous, acidity, acidosis, acidulation, acidulous
acrobatics, acromegaly, acronym, acrophobia, acropolis, acrostic
acerose, acupuncture, acumen, acute, acutifoliate
accept, accurate, adapt, affect, agglomerate, aggrandize,aggregate, aggression, annectent, approximate, ascend
adipocellular, adipose
aerobic, aerodynamic, aeronautics, aeroplane, aerorrhachia, aerosol, aerotitis
aesthesia, aesthesis, aesthete, aesthetics, anaesthetic, synesthesia
ether, ethereal, etheric, hypaethros
age, coeval, eon, eternal, longevity, medieval, primeval
act, action, agenda, agent, agile, agitate, ambiguous, castigate, cogent, cogitate, cogitation, excogitate, mitigate, nav
agony, antagonist, antagonize, demagogue, pedagogue, pedagogy, strategy, synagogue
agriculture, peregrine
agroforestry, agronomy
alacrity, allegro
albedo, albino, albumen
analgesic, arthralgia, neuralgia, nostalgia
alias, alibi, alien, alter, alternate, altruism
allograph, allophone, parallax
altimeter, altitude
amateur, amatory, amenity, amorous, enamoured
amiable, amicable, amity, enemy, enmity, inimical
ambidexterity, ambient, ambiguous, ambit, ambition, ambivalent, amboceptor, amputation, ancipital, andante
ambulance, ambulatory, preamble
amphibian, amphibolic, amphitheatre, amphoterism
ample, amplify, amplitude
anaerobic, anhydrous, ambrosia, arrhythmia, atheism, atypical
anabaptist, anaphylaxis, anarrhexis, anion, anode
androgen, android, polyandrous, polyandry
anemograph, anemometer, anemone, anemophilous, anemophobia, anemotropism
animal, animation
anniversary, annual, centennial, millennium, perennial
antagonist, antagonize, antibiotic, antipodes, antirrhinum
antebellum, antediluvian, anticipate, antiquarian, antiquated, antique, antiquity
anther, anthology
anthracite, anthracycline, anthrax
anthropology, anthroposophy, anthropomorphic, misanthrope, philanthropy
aphelion, apocrine, apocryphal, apogee, aporrhinosis, apostasy, apostate
aperient, apéritif, aperitive, aperture, overt, overture, pert
acquacotta, akvavit, aqua vitae, aquaculture, aquamarine, aquarelle,aquarium, Aquarius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduc
arability, arable, aration, aratory, exarate, exaration, inarable, nonarable
arbiter, arbitrage, arbitrary, arbitration
arcane, arcanum
anarchy, archangel, archetype, architect, archon, autarchism, autarchy, exarch, monarchy, oligarchy, patriarchy, polya
archaeology, archaic, archaism
Antarctic, arctic, Arctic Ocean, palearctic
ardent, ardor, arson
arduous
argent, Argentina
aretaic, arete
arid
aristocracy, aristocrat
artifact, artifice, artificial, artificiality, artisan, inert, inertia
arthritic, arthritis, arthropod, arthroscopic, arthrosis
asinine, ass, easel
asperity, exasperate
aster, asterisk, asteroid, astrology, astronomy, astronaut, diasterismgeaster, monaster
athlete, athletic, decathlon, pentathlon, triathlon
epiathroid, hypoathroid
audacious, audacity
audible, audio, audiology, audit, audition, auditorium, auditory
auction, augend, augment, augmentation, augur, augury, august, author, auxiliary, inauguration
aureate, aureole
aural, auricle, aurinasal, auscultate, auscultation
autarchy, authentic, autism, autocracy, autograph, automatic, autonomy
avarice, avaricious, avarous, ave, avid, avidity
auspice, auspicious, avian, aviary, aviation, aviator
axiology, axiom, axiomatic
axis, axisymmetry
axon, axonography, axonometric
ectent, approximate, ascend

itation, excogitate, mitigate, navigate

utation, ancipital, andante

arius, aquatic, aquatile, aqueduct, aqueous, aquifer, aquiferous, aquiform, gouache, semiaquatic
archy, oligarchy, patriarchy, polyarchy, synarchy, triarchy

nauguration