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IEEE T&D Asia 2009

Simulation Studies of JeJu AC Power System


Modeling by using PSCAD/EMTDC
Zang Shuai, Student-Member, Joon-Ho Choi, Member, and Hae-kon Nam, Member


Abstract-- This paper represents the developments of the II. JEJU AC POWER SYSTEM
PSCAD/EMTDC based JEJU AC power systems and HVDC
JeJu Island has a total area of about 1,800 kilometers and a
equivalent modeling. First, the background of the development
and its associated technologies, such as PSCAD/EMTDC based population of nearly 540,000. It is located off the coast of the
generator, exciter and governor modeling are introduced. And Korean Peninsula and has mild weather and clean
then after the modeling has been established, the transient environmental conditions. Many tourists from the mainland of
analysis and fault analysis have been done by using PSCAD in Korea and other countries visit the island every year, leading
order to confirm the system’s stability. Furthermore, with the to ever-increasing electricity consumption. It is very important
sudden load change studies, this modeling can be concerned as a
to master JeJu’s AC power system general conditions.
base-modeling for connecting JeJu wind power generation into
the JEJU AC power system in the further. A. Background
In South Korea, power transmission voltages are 345kV on
Index Terms-- PSCAD/EMTDC (Power System Computer
major networks and 154kV or 66kV in local systems. The
Aided Design/Electro Magnetic Transients including DC System),
PSS/E (Power System Simulator for Engineering), HVDC (High largest tourist island-JeJu, locate dap proximately 100km
Voltage Direct Current), AC Power System, Transient Analysis, south of the mainland, and had a peak load of about 490MW
System Balance Analysis, Fault Analysis in 2006, with an average growth rate 8.6% over the last 5
years. The power system network in JeJu consists of 3 power
I. INTRODUCTION plants and 360km of 154KV lines [1]. To meet the increasing

T hough the PSS/E modeling of the JeJu AC power system demand and preserve the environment of JeJu, HVDC
has already existed, as a result of HVDC and the JeJu transmission system links with a 100km submarine cable from
electrical power system's connection, as well as the present HaeNam on the mainland to JeJu. The HVDC system provides
people widely pay attention to the new energy electricity JeJu with the high quality power of the mainland and avoids
generation which and will be operational with electrical the difficulty of securing generation sites.
network's connection (wind power generation, photovoltaic B. JeJu AC Power System Modeling based on
generation and so on), JeJu island was needed to design and to PSCAD/EMTDC
establish a new complete electrical power system modeling.
AC power system diagram of the JeJu-HaeNam AC power
So in this paper, the PSCAD/EMTDC modeling of JeJu AC
system is shown in Fig. 1. This modeling including the East
power system will be discussed. And the modeling of the
JeJu, South JeJu, Hallim and where there is abundance of
synchronous generator, exciter, and governor will also be
wind energy to build large wind farms was interconnected as a
defined in the JeJu power system by using the
PSCAD/EMTDC. At the same time the fault analysis and the
transient analysis in JeJu AC power system are presented to
demonstrate the JeJu AC power system can generally simulate
the real AC JeJu power system function, so the validity of the
modeling for the JeJu power system by using
PSCAD/EMTDC is confirmed.

This work is the outcome of a Manpower Development Program for


Energy & Resource supported by the Ministry of Knowledge and Economy
(MKE) and was supported by the Grant of the Korean Ministry of Education,
Science and Technology (The Regional Core Research Program/Biohousing
Research Institute).
Zang Shuai, Joon-Ho Choi, and Hea-kon, Nam are with Department of
Electrical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwang-ju, Korea Fig.1. JeJu AC power system general situation
(shuai@moiza.chonnam.ac.kr, {joono, hknan}@chonnam.ac.kr).
The corresponding author: Joon-Ho Choi (joono@chonnam.ac.kr)
2

Fig. 2. JeJu T/P #2 Generator Model Fig. 3. EXAC2 PSCAD/EMTDC UDM modeling

TABLE I. THE GENERATOR INITIAL ANGLES IN PSCAD/EMTDC FROM


THE RESULTS OF LOAD FLOW SOLUTION OF PSS/E.

Generation unit Initial angle (rad)


JeJu T/P #2 -0.524
JeJu T/P #3 -0.524
JeJu GT #1, 2 -0.606
JeJu DP -0.517
HalLim GT#1, #2 -0.518
Nam JeJu #3 -0.506
Nam JeJu #4 -0.503
Nam JeJu DP #1, 2 -0.548
Nam JeJu DP #3, 4 -0.508

system model, which is been used in the JeJu TP #2


generation unit. And if we used 0 as the generator initial
(a) angle, the simulation would take a long time to match the
power flow so as to find and obtain the stable state, including
calculate the bus voltage, the bus angle, the real and reactive
power and so on. And only at that time the system became a
stable AC power system which we could study the system’s
transient stability when sudden load changed and fault happen.
So in order to reach the power system’s stable state quickly,
the initial angles of the generation units at the JeJu island
power systems are taken from the load flow study from the
PSS/E. The generator initial angles considering its
transformer connection in PSCAD are listed in Table I. At the
same time, the inverter and rectifier control block diagram of
the HaeNam-JeJu HVDC link is shown in Fig. 4.
(b)
Fig. 4. Control block diagram of HaeNam-JeJu HVDC link: III. TRANSIENT SIMULATION STUDIES
(a) Inverter, (b) Rectifier
A. Sudden load change simulation study
big system and simulated by using PSCAD/EMTDC. The tendency of a power system to develop restoring forces
As can be seen from the Fig. 1, it contains four parts: equal to or greater than the disturbing forces to maintain the
Simplified HVDC equivalent modeling; the thermal power state of equilibrium is known as stability. The stability
plant modeling of the East JeJu, South JeJu, and HalLim; the problem is concerned with the behavior of the synchronous
load capacity modeling; and the transmission line modeling. machines and a large power system after a disturbance. And
The generator connected with exciter and governor was the transient stability studies deal with the effects of large,
shown in Fig. 2. And as shown in Fig.3, the exciter used the sudden disturbances such as the occurrence of a fault, the
EXAC2 modeling (PSS/E), and the governor modeling used sudden outage of a line or the sudden application or removal
‘steam gov4’ plus ‘steam tur_1’ which can be found in the of loads [2]. Transient stability studies are needed to ensure
PSCAD main library. These models are designed by the user that the system can withstand the transient condition following
so called a UDM (User Defined Module). In addition, the a major disturbance.
EXAC2 is instead of the 1981 IEEE type AC2 excitation
3
150_BUS_SUDDEN_LOAD_CHANGE
JEJU_TP#2_P JEJU_TP#3_P
76.0
recovered itself and become to stability state. At 20 second,
72.0 the load departs from the power system. As can be seen from
MW

68.0 the Fig. 5, the voltages of the entire buses have a spike in the
JEJU_HLIM_GT#1_P JEJU_HLIM_GT#2_P JEJU_HLIM_ST_P following 1 second. And after that the system overcomes the
36.0 disturbing forces quickly, and the system remains stable.
33.0
Between the time of 15 second and 20 second, the real power
MW

30.0
27.0
output of HVDC is up to 250MW because of the increased
JEJU_DP_P
34.0
load. Also, the output of voltages in the entire buses has a
32.0 little drop compared with the stable state time before the event
MW

30.0
28.0 occurred.
8.0
JEJU_NAMJJ#1DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#2DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#3DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#4DP...
B. Fault Simulation study
6.0
4.0
Fault studies form an important part of power system
MW

2.0 analysis. The problem consists of determining bus voltages


JEJU_NAMJJ#1TP_P JEJU_NAMJJ#2TP_P and line currents during various types of faults. Faults on
108.0
105.0 power system are divided into three phase balanced faults and
102.0
unbalanced faults. Different types of unbalanced faults are
MW

99.0
96.0
single line to ground fault line to line fault, and double line to
HVDC_P HVDC_Q
250
200
MV/Mvar

150 Fault Current


100 40
IFa IFb IFc

50 30
0 20
10
I (kA)

Frequency 0
-10
60.20 -20
60.00 14.900 14.950 15.000 15.050 15.100 15.150 15.200 15.250 15.300

59.80
Hz

59.60 130_BUS_SINGLE_LINE_GROUD_FAULT
JEJU_TP#2_P JEJU_TP#3_P
JJ_... EAST NEW An... Hallim South Sin... Halla Sea... Joche 100
1.040 90
1.020 80
MW

70
1.000
P.U.

60
0.980 50
0.960 JEJU_HLIM_GT#1_P JEJU_HLIM_GT#2_P JEJU_HLIM_ST_P
50
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
40
MW

30
Fig. 5. Real power of each generation units, HVDC real and reactive power,
20
system frequency and bus voltage when sudden load change at 150 bus JEJU_DP_P
(100+j40 MW/Mvar). 40
30
For the JeJu Island in South Korea with its good wind
MW

20
energy condition, the wind generation will be increasingly
JEJU_NAMJJ#1DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#2DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#3DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#4DP...
penetrated into JeJu AC power system in the future. So, the 10.0
8.0
transient analysis with sudden load changing has been studied 6.0
MW

4.0
in JeJu power system to pre-evaluate the interconnection of 2.0

the wind generation. JEJU_NAMJJ#1TP_P JEJU_NAMJJ#2TP_P


140
First, in the PSCAD/EMTDC modeling system, a 3 phase 120
breaker is used to simulate the sudden change of the load in
MW

100
80
an instantaneous time. At the same time, set the controller HVDC_P HVDC_Q
(Timed Breaker Logic) to close at 15 second and reopen at 20 320
240
MV/Mvar

second with the total simulation time about 40 seconds. So the 160
80
load is suddenly increased at 15 second and decreased at 20 0

second by connecting and disconnecting a 3 phase fixed load Frequency


60.20
(100+j40(MW Mvar)) in the 150 bus. 60.00
Hz

59.80
As shown in Fig. 5, the real power of the JeJu TP#2 59.60
generator is increased at the 15 second because of the new JJ_... EAST NEW An... Hallim South Sin... Halla Sea... Joche
1.10
load need to be feed. The maximum increased power of the 1.00
0.90
generators is about 6MW at the 150 bus compared with a
P.U.

0.80
0.70
small influence to the other generators which are not
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0
belonging to the 150 bus. And after the duration time of about
1 second the system become stability. The system frequency Fig. 6. The fault current, real power of each generation units, HVDC real
also has a small fluctuation in the permitted range. power and reactive power, system frequency and bus voltage, when single
Furthermore, the HVDC real power is also increasing from the line ground fault at bus 130 (fault duration – 0.1 sec.)
15 second to 16 second, and after 16 second the system has
4

ground fault [3]. Line to ground faults result when one disturbance [4].
conductor falls to ground or contacts the neutral wire. And the Most faults on overhead distribution systems-perhaps as
balanced three phase fault is defined as the simultaneous short high as 70 to 80 percents are likely to be temporary in nature
circuit across all three phases. It occurs infrequently, but it is and last only a few cycles to a few seconds at the most.
the most severe type of fault encountered. Automatic circuit reclosers, with their “trip and reclose”
A Three Phase Fault is used to simulate a single phase line capability, eliminate prolonged outages on distribution
to ground momentary fault at bus 130. The Timed Fault Logic systems due to temporary faults or transient over-current
used as a controller has been set to apply the fault at 15 conditions [5].
second and the duration of the fault time is set to 0.1second. The Fig. 7 shows another run with different settings. Now
As shown in Fig. 6, the fault current of phase A occurred from the fault is the same setting started at 15 second, but it lasts for
15 second and disappeared after 0.1 second. And the 0.5 second. For a power system 0.5 second is a long time and
frequency also dropped to 59.5Hz because of the fault. Also the protective device acts no longer than this time usually. The
the voltages of the entire buses have small voltage sag about fault position is not at an initial bus, but between the 130 and
0.1 second. The real power output of HVDC also has a small 140 bus. At the same time the breaker is tripping at 15.1
fluctuation influencing by the fault. After that the system second, reclosing at 15.6 second simulated a recloser.
overcomes the disturbing forces quickly, and the system As revealed by the graphs, the system first is disturbed by
remains stable. From this fault simulation demonstrate that the the three phase fault lasting 0.1 second, and then the three
system has the ability to overcome the single phase fault phase breaker open, so the fault was been separated from the
system and the system was adjusting for the changing. The
Fault Current

20.0
IFa IFb IFc fault lasted until 15.5 second and the breaker reclosed at 15.6
15.0
10.0 second, so at 15.6 second a small voltage dip occurred
5.0
0.0
because of the breaker’s reclosing but not the fault.
I (kA)

-5.0
-10.0
-15.0
-20.0
14.900 14.950 15.000 15.050 15.100 15.150 15.200 15.250 15.300 IV. CONCLUTION
130_140_BUS_3_PHASE_FAULT This paper mainly presents the modeling of the JEJU AC
JEJU_TP#2_P JEJU_TP#3_P
100
80
power system, HVDC equivalent modeling and the modeling
60 of the important AC transmission system devices such as
MW

40
20
0
generator, excitor, and governor, based on PSCAD/EMTDC
50
JEJU_HLIM_GT#1_P JEJU_HLIM_GT#2_P JEJU_HLIM_ST_P software. Through the simulation by using PSCAD/EMTDC,
40
30
the validity of this modeling is confirmed. Furthermore, for
JeJu island, located approximately 100km south of the
MW

20
10
0 mainland, is expected to install a number of wind farms and
JEJU_DP_P
50 with the sudden load change studies, this modeling can be
40
30 concerned as a base-modeling for connecting JeJu wind power
MW

20
10 generation into the JEJU AC power system pretty soon. At
0
JEJU_NAMJJ#1DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#2DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#3DP... JEJU_NAMJJ#4DP... last, for the purpose of accurate simulation, how to input the
12.0
9.0 real wind speed data extracted by anemometer into the
6.0
PSCAD/EMTDC modeling has also been developed as the
MW

3.0
0.0 future work.
JEJU_NAMJJ#1TP_P JEJU_NAMJJ#2TP_P
160
120
80
V. REFERENCES
MW

40 [1] Sang-Keun Han, Minwon Park, In-Keun Yu, “Study on the Simulation
0
for Synchronous Generator Type Wind Power System using
HVDC_P HVDC_Q
180 PSCAD/EMTDC”, ICEE 2004
120 [2] Cooper Power Systems, Electrical Distribution-System Protection, 3rd
MV/Mvar

60
0 ed., p. 33-50.
-60
[3] Hadi Saadat, Power System Analysis, vol. I. 2nd ed. Singapore, 2004, p.
Frequency 314-381.
60.40 [4] H.W.Dommel, “Digital Computer Solution of Electromagnetic
60.20
60.00
Transients in Single and Multiphase Networks," IEEE Transactions
Hz

59.80 on Power Apparatus and Systems, vol. PAS-88, no. 4, April


JJ_... EAST NEW An... Hallim South Sin... Halla Sea... Joche 1969, pp. 388-399.
1.20
[5] “Recommendations for Achieving Canada’s Wind Energy Potential”,
0.90
0.60 Canadian Wind Energy Association, June,2001
P.U.

0.30
0.00
5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0 30.0 35.0 40.0

Fig. 7. The fault current, real power of each generation units, HVDC real
power and reactive power, system frequency and bus voltage when three
phase fault between bus 130 and 140 (breaker tripping at 15.1 sec,
reclosing 15.6 sec.)

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