Why Daylighting in Buildings...

Daylight in Buildings

7 to 18%

Energy savings

Discomfort due to
Glare

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

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This study aims to develop framework for the selected dynamic external shading devices to achieve
maximum daylight performance and occupants visual in office buildings. The framework integrates
daylight performance metric, geometric optimization and control mechanism to achieve occupant
comfort (as primary objective) and energy savings (as secondary objective).

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Goal of study

Availability of daylight for task performance Avoidance of visual discomfort

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Daylight Metrics

Daylight Autonomy Continuous Daylight Autonomy

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Daylight Metrics

Spatial Daylight Autonomy

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Daylight Metrics

Annual Sunlight Exposure Daylight Glare Probability

Annual Sunlight Exposure

Daylight Glare Probability (DGP) is the “percentage of people disturbed” due

to the level of vertical eye illuminance.

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 Center for Sustainable Landscape

External shading

LEED Platinum certified

Location: Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
Area = 2262 sq meters Light Redirection

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 Model Set-up

Reception

Corridor Lobby
Conference

Class Room
Open Office
Break Room

Analysis surface grid at 0.76 m above finished floor level.

Daylight Performance Metrics

LEED V4 - Spatial Daylight Autonomy (sDA) and Annual Sun
Exposure (ASE) - Minimum daylight illumination level of 300
lux for minimum of 75% of all regularly occupied areas and
ASE < 10%

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Model Set-up

Building Geometry

Weather File

DIVA for Rhino Daylight

Simulation Tool Result Output

Material Library
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 CSL Model Retuning model parameters
Final Baseline simulation
Initial Baseline Simulation

sDA 77.6%
sDA 54.7%

ASE 9.2%
ASE 9.2%

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CSL Static Shading

sDA 77.6% ASE 9.2%

Conference area has daylight autonomy less than 50% Areas near South and East Window/Glazing > 250
hours (1000 lux).

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

WORKSTATION 1

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

Workstation 1

Hour of day - Glare problem

Total Hours - Glare
45
2500 1841
40

2000 35
No. of Hours

1500 30

25
1000
20
500 15
140 99
0 10
0-0.35 0.35-0.45 >= 0.45 5
DGP Value
0
11.5 12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5

Discomfort Glare Intolerable

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

Workstation 1

WORKSTATION 2

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

Workstation 2
Hour of day  Glare problem
Total Hours - Glare 40
3000
35
2010
2500 30
2000 25
1500 20

1000 15

500 10
15 55
0 5
0-0.35 0.35-0.45 0.45-1 0
12.5 13.5 14.5 16.5
Discomfort Intolerable

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

Workstation 3

WORKSTATION 3

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CSL Static Shading
Annual Glare Analysis

Workstation 3

Total Hours - Glare

Hour of the Day - Glare problem
3000
40
2500 1914 35
30
2000
25
1500 20
15
1000
10
500 5
108 58 0
0
12.5 13.5 14.5 15.5 16.5 17.5
0-0.35 0.35-0.45 >=0.456
Discomfort Intolerable

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Louver geometry Optimization

Louver Parameter Range

Depth 0.35m to 0.55 m
Number 1 to 4
Reception

LOUVER GEOMETRY
Corridor Lobby NO. OF LOUVERS AND LOUVER DEPTH
Conferenc
e 13.1
Class
Break Open Office
Room
13
Room
12.9

12.8

ASE
12.7
N = 3,
12.6 d = .5
12.5

12.4
69.5 70 70.5 71 71.5 72
SDA

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Dynamic Louvers Model set-up

Calculating Louver angle

Louver Geometry

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Dynamic Louvers Model set-up

Illuminance Range
+
DGP Values

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Daylight Analysis - Winter Solstice

Dynamic Louvers with independent rotation angle perform better in Clear-Sky condition

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Daylight Analysis - Spring Equinox

Dynamic Louvers with independent rotation angle perform better in Clear-Sky condition

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Daylight Analysis - Summer Solstice

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Daylight Analysis - Autumn Equinox

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 Workstation 1 December 21

CSL Dynamic Louvers 0.6

0.48
Glare Analysis 0.5
0.44

0.4
0.34 0.34 0.34
0.31
0.3

0.19 0.2
0.2 0.18

0.1

0
9:00 12:00 15:00

Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2 p = 0.28

Workstation 1 January 21
0.6 0.56
0.51
0.5

0.4 0.38

0.3
0.24
0.21 0.22 0.215 0.22 0.21
0.2

0.1

0
9:00 12:00 15:00
p = 0.41
Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2

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 Workstation 2 November 15

CSL Dynamic Louvers 0.6

0.54
0.51
Glare Analysis 0.5

0.4 0.36
0.31 0.32 0.32
0.3
0.21 0.22 0.21
0.2

0.1

0
12:00 13:00 15:00

Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2 0.46

Workstation 2 January 5
0.9 0.83
0.77
0.8
0.7
0.6 0.5
0.5
0.4 0.36 0.34 0.34 0.31 0.31 0.28
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
9:00 12:00 15:00

Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2 0.34

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CSL Dynamic Louvers
Glare Analysis Workstation 3 December 28
0.6
0.49 0.51 0.49
0.5 0.47

0.4 0.37
0.34
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
15:00 16:00 0.02
Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2

Workstation 3 February 5
0.6
0.52
0.5 0.47
0.41 0.42
0.4 0.36 0.38
0.33 0.34
0.3
0.3

0.2

0.1

0
14:00 15:00 16:00
0.06
Static Dynamic Louver 1 Dynamic Louver 2

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Conclusion

• Improvement in work-plane illuminance with dynamic external louvers as compared to static louvers
by 9% in clear sky conditions and 16% in overcast sky conditions.

• No significant improvement in glare reduction.

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Future Works

• Different shape for each individual louver based on the louver position

• Implementing the framework on other facades - North, West and East and analyzing the impact

• Implementing the framework for vertical fins

• Lighting/Daylighting Controls further improvement daylight performance and reduce glare issues

• Advanced data based response based daylighting controls for louver positions

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References
https://misfitsarchitecture.com/2011/08/09/the-process-behind-a-better-architecture-building-stacey-3-daylighting-views/

https://sustainabilityworkshop.autodesk.com/buildings/light-distribution-glare

Hartkopf, V. 2016. Lecture on Challenges and Opportunities in Energy Generation, Transmission, Distribution and Use in Buildings and Communities: The Importance
of Advanced Integrated Systems. Center for Building performance and Diagnostics, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA.

https://www.glassonweb.com/article/evaluation-adaptive-facades-case-study-agc-headquarter-belgium

http://www.usgbc.org/node/1733136

http://patternguide.advancedbuildings.net/using-this-guide/analysis-methods/useful-daylight-illuminance

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Thank You.