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Concrete mix design is the process of finding right proportions of cement, sand and
aggregates for concrete to achieve target strength in structures. So, concrete mix
design can be stated as Concrete Mix = Cement:Sand:Aggregates.
The concrete mix design involves various steps, calculations and laboratory testing to
find right mix proportions. This process is usually adopted for structures which requires
higher grades of concrete such as M25 and above and large construction projects
where quantity of concrete consumption is huge..
Benefits of concrete mix design is that it provides the right proportions of materials,
thus making the concrete construction economical in achieving required strength of
structural members. As, the quantity of concrete required for large constructions are
huge, economy in quantity of materials such as cement makes the project construction
economical.
Concrete Mix design of M20, M25, M30 and higher grade of concrete can be calculated
from example below.
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 2 of 8
(f) Type of exposure the structure will be subjected to (as defined in IS: 456) — Mild
Himsworth constant for 5% risk factor is 1.65. In this case standard deviation is taken
from IS:456 against M 20 is 4.0.
Where,
Maximum water content = 186 Kg (for Nominal maximum size of aggregate — 20 mm)
(+3/25) x 25 =
Slump 25-50 mm 50-75 25
+3
Shape of
Angular Angular Nil –
Aggregate
Total +3
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 3 of 8
Cement content =
In the present example against mild exposure and for the case of reinforced concrete
the minimum cement content is 300 kg/m3 which is less than 383.2 kg/m3. Hence
cement content adopted = 383.2 kg/m3.
Values as
Correction
per Values as per
in Coarse
Parameter Standard present Departure Remarks
Aggregate
reference problem
proportion
condition
pump able
Workability – – -10% See Note 2
concrete
Total -10%
Note 1: For every ±0.05 change in w/c, the coarse aggregate proportion is to be
changed by 0.01. If the w/c is less than 0.5 (standard value), volume of coarse
aggregate is required to be increased to reduce the fine aggregate content. If the w/c
is more than 0.5, volume of coarse aggregate is to be reduced to increase the fine
aggregate content. If coarse aggregate is not angular, volume of coarse aggregate may
be required to be increased suitably, based on experience.
Note 2: For pump able concrete or congested reinforcement the coarse aggregate
proportion may be reduced up to 10%.
Hence,
Volume of coarse aggregate per unit volume of total aggregate = 0.62 x 90% = 0.558
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 4 of 8
a) Volume of concrete = 1 m3
W/c = 0.5
For casting trial -1, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube
assuming 25% wastage.
Since the aggregate is saturated surface dry condition hence no correction is required.
The mix proportion as calculated in Step 6 forms trial mix1. With this proportion,
concrete is manufactured and tested for fresh concrete properties requirement i.e.
workability, bleeding and finishing qualities.
In this case,
Slump value = 25 mm
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 5 of 8
Mix is cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 25 mm and it is free from
segregation and bleeding.
As mentioned earlier to adjust fresh concrete properties the water cement ratio will not
be changed. Hence
For casting trial -2, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube
assuming 25% wastage.
In this case,
Slump value = 60 mm
Mix is very cohesive, workable and had a true slump of about 60 mm.
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 6 of 8
It virtually flowed during vibration but did not exhibit any segregation and bleeding.
In case of trial mix 3 water cement ratio is varied by +10% keeping water content
constant. In the present example water cement ratio is raised to 0.55 from 0.5.
An increase of 0.05 in the w/c will entail a reduction in the coarse aggregate fraction by
0.01.
Hence the coarse aggregate as percentage of total aggregate = 0.558 – 0.01 = 0.548
W/c = 0.55
FA = 821 kg/m3
CA = 1070.75 kg/m3
For casting trial -3, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube
assuming 25% wastage.
In this case,
Slump value = 75 mm
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 7 of 8
Mix is stable, cohesive, and workable and had a true slump of about 75 mm.
In this case water / cement ratio is decreased by 10% keeping water content constant.
W/c = 0.45
A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by 0.01.
FA = 757.28 kg/m3
CA = 1071.11 kg/m3
For casting trial -4, mass of ingredients required will be calculated for 4 no’s cube
assuming 25% wastage.
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Concrete Mix Design Calculation - M20, M25, M30 - Procedure & Example Page 8 of 8
W/c = 0.44
A reduction of 0.05 in w/c will entail and increase of coarse aggregate fraction by 0.01.
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