Aim : Standardization of pH meter & acid-base titration.

Apparatus: HCl (unknown conc.), 0.10 M NaOH, beaker,100-mL graduated

cylinder, buret, pipette ,pH meter and electrode , pH buffer solutions
(pH 4 ,7and 9.2)
Theory: Most of the chemical and biochemical processes are profoundly affected by
the acidity or alkalinity of the medium in which the reaction takes place. All acid
dissociate in aqueous solution to yield H+ ions. Some acids like HCl, H2SO4, HNO3
etc. are completely ionized in aqueous medium where as CH3COOH, HCOOH etc.
ionize to a small extent only. The former is known as strong and the later as weak
acid. pH of any solution is defined as (–log H+ ) and has values between 0–14. pH <
7 indicate acidic solution, pH > 7 indicate basic solution and pH = 7 means neutral
solution. The pH of a solution can be measured accurately with the help of a pH
meter.
Procedure:
1)Switch on the instrument and wait for 10–15 minutes so that machine gets warmed
up. Measure the temperature of the solution and set the temperature compensate
control accordingly.
2)Prepare the buffer solution by adding buffer tablets of pH = 4,7 and pH = 9.2 in 100
mL of water separately. Wash the electrode with distilled water. Then, dip the
electrode in the buffer solution (pH = 4) taken in a beaker, so that the electrode
immersed to the solution properly. Set the pH meter to pH 4 and then rinse the
electrode with distilled water to remove any excess solution.
3)Similarly standardize the pH meter using basic buffer solution pH =7and 9.2.
pH-metric Titration:
1) Clean the electrode with distilled water. Take 10 mL of HCl solution in a
100 mL beaker or conical and immerse the electrode in it. If neede add distilled water
so that electrode is immersed.
2) Set the burette with 0.1M NaOH solution. Note down the reading shown on the pH
meter.
3)Add NaOH solution drop wise from the burette (maximum 0.5 mL at a time), shake
the solution well and note the corresponding pH values.
4)Near the end point, volume of NaOH added should be as small as possible
because the acid is neutralized and there will a sharp increase in pH values.
5)Plot a graph between pH and volume of NaOH added and find out the volume of
NaOH required (V2 mL) for complete neutralization of HCl from the graph ie value
corresponding to pH 7. Then find out the normality of HCl (N1)
Observation and Calculation:
pH metric Titration Volume of HCl taken (V1)=…. (mL) . Normality of NaOH N2 =).1N

pH Volume of NaOH

N1 V1 = N2 V2
Result: The normality of the HCl is ________(N)